146 lines
17 KiB
XML
146 lines
17 KiB
XML
<document id="55281FA03D0B0511554AFE0C9B88ADCB" ID-DOI="10.2478/vzoo-2014-0029" ID-ISSN="2073-2333" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6453101" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1649776632169" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Koretsky, I. A., Rahmat, S. J. & Peters, N." docDate="2014" docId="6177FD75FFC9FFE6E8A53408CE119981" docLanguage="en" docName="VestnikZoologii.48.3.255-268.pdf" docOrigin="Vestnik Zoologii 48 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/vzoo-2014-0029" docStyle="DocumentStyle:9FE6554C034D0A4D8EA9CEAE255F4368.2:VestnikZoologii.2014-2019.journal_article" docStyleId="9FE6554C034D0A4D8EA9CEAE255F4368" docStyleName="VestnikZoologii.2014-2019.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Monachus tropicalis Gray 1850" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="263" masterDocId="9D4E850DFFCEFFEEE80B3667CA68986B" masterDocTitle="Remarks On Correlations And Implications Of The Mandibular Structure And Diet In Some Seals (Mammalia, Phocidae)" masterLastPageNumber="268" masterPageNumber="255" pageNumber="262" updateTime="1699318749414" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="2C8624088709119F8E7D4127EC476252">Remarks On Correlations And Implications Of The Mandibular Structure And Diet In Some Seals (Mammalia, Phocidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="04D50A999E6333D684F3B0BB7CB29456">Koretsky, I. A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0544013AB74ABE6BA4A91E42240E5E87">Peters, N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="A55A4D23ACFE515A0E0D0E2678A99DBD">Vestnik Zoologii</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="1E14017B598A1C736C5B6A574B4AC0AA">2014</mods:date>
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<subSubSection id="A1C41FE8FFC9FFE9E8A53408C81C9C51" pageId="7" pageNumber="262" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="E9614C63FFC9FFE9E8A53408C8B09AE1" blockId="7.[174,728,623,650]" box="[174,728,623,650]" pageId="7" pageNumber="262">
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<heading id="B229FB0FFFC9FFE9E8A53408C8B09AE1" box="[174,728,623,650]" fontSize="36" level="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="262" reason="3">
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<taxonomicName id="2EDE37E0FFC9FFE9E8A53408C8419AE1" ID-CoL="43ZLY" authority="Gray, 1850" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1850" box="[174,553,623,650]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Monachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="262" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tropicalis">
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<emphasis id="DBAA9071FFC9FFE9E8A53408CBCB9AE1" bold="true" box="[174,419,623,650]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="262">Monachus tropicalis</emphasis>
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Gray, 1850
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation id="71E550E6FFC9FFE9EA333408C81C9AE1" box="[568,628,623,650]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[175,208,1726,1748]" captionTargetBox="[260,1120,1333,1673]" captionTargetId="figure-473@7.[237,1143,1301,1690]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 5. Subfamily Monachinae: mandible of Monachus tropicalis in labial view (♀, right, NMNH 100362); showing masseteric fossa (dashed outlines)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6453111" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6453111/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="262">fig. 5</figureCitation>
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; table 1)
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E9614C63FFC9FFE9E8E834F8C81C9C51" blockId="7.[174,1239,671,1242]" pageId="7" pageNumber="262">
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The mandibular ramus does not strongly project dorsally and is broader than the body. The condyloid process is situated slightly superior to the alveolar border of the mandible. The condyloid process is approximately at the level of the mandibular notch and is directed more posteriorly than vertically, yielding a rather deep mandibular notch. The condyloid process in males has a distinct crest and a well-defined masseteric fossa (
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<figureCitation id="71E550E6FFC9FFE9E8BD3558CA9D9B31" box="[182,245,831,858]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[175,208,1726,1748]" captionTargetBox="[260,1120,1333,1673]" captionTargetId="figure-473@7.[237,1143,1301,1690]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 5. Subfamily Monachinae: mandible of Monachus tropicalis in labial view (♀, right, NMNH 100362); showing masseteric fossa (dashed outlines)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6453111" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6453111/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="262">fig. 5</figureCitation>
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). The posterior edge of the coronoid process is to some extent directed toward the condyloid process, more so in males. The coronoid process is a large broad triangle with a markedly round apex located superior to the condyloid process. On the lingual surface of the coronoid process is a well-defined depression that marks the site of attachment of some temporalis muscle fibers. Additional attachment is provided by a small overhang on the labial surface of the coronoid process. There is a slight angular process at the mandibular angle. The condyloid angle (
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<emphasis id="DBAA9071FFC9FFE9E9FE359AC8609C71" box="[501,520,1021,1050]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="262">
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<specimenCount id="FFD887EAFFC9FFE9E9FE359AC8609C71" box="[501,520,1021,1050]" pageId="7" pageNumber="262" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
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</emphasis>
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16°; table 1) is significantly smaller than that of cystophorines and phocines, suggesting smaller gape.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A1C41FE8FFC9FFE6E8E83258CE119981" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="263" pageId="7" pageNumber="262" type="description">
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<paragraph id="E9614C63FFC9FFE9E8E83258CEB99CB1" blockId="7.[174,1239,671,1242]" pageId="7" pageNumber="262">
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It is difficult to determine how far down the inferior border of the masseteric fossa extends, but it appears to cover the entire length of the ramus (
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<figureCitation id="71E550E6FFC9FFE9EBBA3238C9999C11" box="[945,1009,1119,1146]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[175,208,1726,1748]" captionTargetBox="[260,1120,1333,1673]" captionTargetId="figure-473@7.[237,1143,1301,1690]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 5. Subfamily Monachinae: mandible of Monachus tropicalis in labial view (♀, right, NMNH 100362); showing masseteric fossa (dashed outlines)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6453111" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6453111/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="262">fig. 5</figureCitation>
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). The fossa width measures about 5.0 cm and indicates a relatively well-developed masseter muscle. The surface within the fossa is rather smooth and is not marked by ridges or grooves for masseter tendon attachment. The height of the coronoid process height is 3.0 cm and the width is
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="BDA11CEBFFC9FFE9E8A430D9C8399E84" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6453111" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6453111" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6453111/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="262" startId="7.[175,208,1726,1748]" targetBox="[260,1120,1333,1673]" targetPageId="7">
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<paragraph id="E9614C63FFC9FFE9E8A430D9C8399E84" blockId="7.[174,1233,1724,1775]" pageId="7" pageNumber="262">
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Fig. 5. Subfamily
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<taxonomicName id="2EDE37E0FFC9FFE9E96A30D9CBB49EBF" box="[353,476,1726,1748]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="262" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
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: mandible of
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<taxonomicName id="2EDE37E0FFC9FFE9EA6330D9C9439EBF" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1850" box="[616,811,1726,1748]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Monachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="262" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tropicalis">
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<emphasis id="DBAA9071FFC9FFE9EA6330D9C9439EBF" box="[616,811,1726,1748]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="262">Monachus tropicalis</emphasis>
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in labial view (
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<emphasis id="DBAA9071FFC9FFE9EBC630DBC9B49EB8" box="[973,988,1724,1747]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="262">♀</emphasis>
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, right, NMNH 100362); showing masseteric fossa (dashed outlines).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="E9614C63FFC9FFE9E8A53164C8949F5F" blockId="7.[174,1232,1794,1844]" pageId="7" pageNumber="262">
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Рис. 5. Подсемейство
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<taxonomicName id="2EDE37E0FFC9FFE9E9813164C86D9F72" box="[394,517,1795,1817]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="262" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
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: челюсть
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<emphasis id="DBAA9071FFC9FFE9EA6D3164C9449F72" box="[614,812,1795,1817]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="262">
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||
<taxonomicName id="2EDE37E0FFC9FFE9EA6D3164C94F9F72" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1850" box="[614,807,1795,1817]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Monachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="262" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tropicalis">Monachus tropicalis</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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вид с губной стороны (
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<emphasis id="DBAA9071FFC9FFE9EC103165CE429F72" box="[1051,1066,1794,1817]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="262">
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<specimenCount id="FFD887EAFFC9FFE9EC103165CE429F72" box="[1051,1066,1794,1817]" pageId="7" pageNumber="262" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
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</emphasis>
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, справа, NMNH 100362); показана жевательная ямка (пунктирная линия).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E9614C63FFC6FFE6E8AD36C8CEEE98A1" blockId="8.[166,1231,175,490]" box="[166,1158,175,202]" pageId="8" pageNumber="263">4.0 cm, providing a large surface area for the attachment of temporalis muscle fibers.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E9614C63FFC6FFE6E8D036A8CE119981" blockId="8.[166,1231,175,490]" pageId="8" pageNumber="263">
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Very little is known about the natural diet of the extinct Caribbean monk seals (
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<taxonomicName id="2EDE37E0FFC6FFE6E8BB3688CBF79962" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1850" box="[176,415,239,265]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Monachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="8" pageNumber="263" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tropicalis">
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<emphasis id="DBAA9071FFC6FFE6E8BB3688CBF79962" box="[176,415,239,265]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="263">Monachus tropicalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), but they likely exhibited a generalized feeding strategy similar to most phocids (Adam, 2004). Presumably, the diet was similar to
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<taxonomicName id="2EDE37E0FFC6FFE6EBAB3768CEFE9942" authority="monachus" box="[928,1174,271,297]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Monachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="8" pageNumber="263" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monachus">
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<emphasis id="DBAA9071FFC6FFE6EBAB3768CEFE9942" box="[928,1174,271,297]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="263">Monachus monachus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="2EDE37E0FFC6FFE6E8AD3757CB0D9922" box="[166,357,303,329]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Monachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="8" pageNumber="263" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="shauinslandi">
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<emphasis id="DBAA9071FFC6FFE6E8AD3757CB0D9922" box="[166,357,303,329]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="263">M. shauinslandi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, the two species of monk seals that are still alive today. Evidence from stomach contents and fecal deposits reveal that monk seals feed primarily on lobster, eels, larval fish and octopus (
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<bibRefCitation id="8D4F3192FFC6FFE6E9CF3708C80799E1" author="Kenyon, K. W. Monk Seals & Ridgway, R. J." box="[452,623,367,394]" pageId="8" pageNumber="263" pagination="195 - 220" refId="ref8527" refString="Kenyon, K. W. Monk Seals, Monachus (Fleming, 1822) // Handbook of Marine Mammals. Vol. 2: Seals / Eds S. H. Ridgway, R. J. Harrison. - London: Academic Press, 1981. - P. 195 - 220." type="book chapter" year="1981">Kenyon, 1981</bibRefCitation>
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). It has been noted that monk seals can dive up to about
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, but the estimated preferred feeding niche is less than
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="8D4F3192FFC6FFE6EC1837E8CEA999C1" author="Kenyon, K. W. Monk Seals & Ridgway, R. J." box="[1043,1217,399,426]" pageId="8" pageNumber="263" pagination="195 - 220" refId="ref8527" refString="Kenyon, K. W. Monk Seals, Monachus (Fleming, 1822) // Handbook of Marine Mammals. Vol. 2: Seals / Eds S. H. Ridgway, R. J. Harrison. - London: Academic Press, 1981. - P. 195 - 220." type="book chapter" year="1981">Kenyon, 1981</bibRefCitation>
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). Studies of
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<taxonomicName id="2EDE37E0FFC6FFE6E92D37C8C82099A2" authorityName="Matschie" authorityYear="1905" box="[294,584,431,457]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Monachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="8" pageNumber="263" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schauinslandi">
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<emphasis id="DBAA9071FFC6FFE6E92D37C8C82099A2" box="[294,584,431,457]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="263">Monachus schauinslandi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Hawaiian monk seals) show that the average diving depth is
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, with maximum ranging from
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="8D4F3192FFC6FFE6EB6537A8CE049981" author="Kooyman, G. L. & Castellini, M. A. & Davis, R. W. & Maue, R. A. Aerobic Diving Limits of" box="[878,1132,463,490]" pageId="8" pageNumber="263" pagination="171 - 174" refId="ref8706" refString="Kooyman, G. L., Castellini, M. A., Davis, R. W., Maue, R. A. Aerobic Diving Limits of Immature Weddell Seals // J. Comp. Phys. - 1983. - 151. - P. 171 - 174." type="book chapter" year="1983">Kooyman et al., 1983</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
</treatment>
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</document> |