390 lines
38 KiB
XML
390 lines
38 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.272951" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e2c88f4c-3ac2-45f9-95e4-99b75561a081" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="272951" ID-ZooBank="6D68A019-6F63-4AA4-A8B3-92D351F1F69B" checkinTime="1484409208030" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Van, Rob W. M." docDate="2017" docId="03A8001077FBFF00FF14A3F39217F870" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4217.1.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1" docStyle="DocumentStylede.uka.ipd.idaho.easyIO.settings.Settings@5ce3343f" docStyleName="zootaxa.2013.monograph" docTitle="Placospongia ruetzleri Van, 2017, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="19" lastPageNumber="173" masterDocId="FF9178687757FFACFF83A36B907DFF9A" masterDocTitle="Sponges of the Guyana Shelf" masterLastPageNumber="225" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="173" updateTime="1645784257244" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Sponges of the Guyana Shelf</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Van, Rob W. M.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
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||
<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>1</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>225</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.272951</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">e2c88f4c-3ac2-45f9-95e4-99b75561a081</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">272951</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">6D68A019-6F63-4AA4-A8B3-92D351F1F69B</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5698738" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127419766" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5698738" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A8001077FBFF00FF14A3F39217F870" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A8001077FBFF00FF14A3F39217F870" lastPageNumber="173" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">
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<subSubSection pageId="172" pageNumber="173" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph blockId="172.[151,523,152,211]" box="[151,523,152,178]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">
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<heading bold="true" box="[151,523,152,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" reason="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,523,152,178]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">
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<taxonomicName box="[151,422,152,178]" class="Demospongiae" family="Placospongiidae" genus="Placospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ruetzleri" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,422,152,178]" italics="true" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Placospongia ruetzleri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[429,523,152,178]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="172.[151,523,152,211]" box="[151,323,186,211]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">
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<figureCitation box="[151,283,186,211]" captionStart="FIGURE 108" captionStartId="173.[151,250,1460,1482]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1438]" captionTargetId="figure@173.[151,1436,195,1438]" captionTargetPageId="173" captionText="FIGURE 108. Placospongia ruetzleri sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype 9872 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – g, SEM images of the spicules, b, large tylostyle, b 1, details of b, c, small tylostyle, c 1, details of c, d, selenaster, e, juvenile selenaster, f, spirasters, g, acanthomicrorhabds." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273058/files/figure.png" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Figures 108</figureCitation>
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a–g
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="172" pageNumber="173" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="172.[151,1436,258,372]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">
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<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="172" pageNumber="173">
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<taxonomicName authority="Little 1963: 56" authorityName="Little" authorityPageNumber="56" authorityYear="1963" box="[151,606,258,280]" class="Demospongiae" family="Placospongiidae" genus="Placospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="carinata">
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<emphasis box="[151,383,258,280]" italics="true" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Placospongia carinata</emphasis>
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sensu
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<treatmentCitation author="Little" box="[452,606,258,280]" page="56" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" year="1963">
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<bibRefCitation author="Little" box="[452,568,258,280]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" refString="Little, F. J. Jr. (1963) The sponge fauna of the St. George's Sound, Apalache Bay, and Panama City Regions of the Florida Gulf Coast. Tulane Studies in Zoology, 11 (2), 31 - 71." type="journal article" year="1963">Little 1963</bibRefCitation>
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: 56
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, figs 25, 27;
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<treatmentCitation author="Hechtel" box="[739,914,258,280]" page="62" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" year="1965">
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<bibRefCitation author="Hechtel" box="[739,878,258,280]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" refString="Hechtel, G. J. (1965) A systematic study of the Demospongiae of Port Royal, Jamaica. Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History, 20, 1 - 103." type="journal article" year="1965">Hechtel 1965</bibRefCitation>
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: 62
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</treatmentCitation>
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(in part, not specimens with spherasters);?
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<treatmentCitation author="Hechtel" page="241" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" year="1976">
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<bibRefCitation author="Hechtel" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" refString="Hechtel, G. J. (1976) Zoogeography of Brazilian marine Demospongiae. In: Harrison, F. W. & Cowden, R. R. (Eds.), Aspects of sponge biology. Academic Press, London, pp. 237 - 260." type="book chapter" year="1976">Hechtel 1976</bibRefCitation>
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: 241
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</treatmentCitation>
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;?
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<bibRefCitation author="Coelho" box="[326,631,289,311]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" refString="Coelho, E. L. & Mello-Leite, A. de (1978) Placospongia carinata e sua ocorrencia em costas brasileiras. Avulso Universida Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 29, 1 - 5." type="journal article" year="1978">Coelho & Mello-Leitão 1978</bibRefCitation>
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: pages unnumbered, figs 1–2;
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<treatmentCitation author="Pulitzer-Finali" box="[946,1206,289,311]" page="100" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" year="1986">
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<bibRefCitation author="Pulitzer-Finali" box="[946,1154,289,311]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" refString="Pulitzer-Finali, G. (1986) A collection of West Indian Demospongiae (Porifera). In appendix, a list of the Demospongiae hitherto recorded from the West Indies. Annali del Museo civico di storia naturale Giacomo Doria, 86, 65 - 216." type="journal article" year="1986">Pulitzer-Finali 1986</bibRefCitation>
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: 100
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation author="Rua" box="[1218,1431,289,311]" page="197" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" year="2006">
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<bibRefCitation author="Rua" box="[1218,1380,289,311]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" refString="Rua, C. P. J., Mattos, A. & Sole-Cava (2006) Cryptic speciation and correspondence between spiculation and molecular markers in Placospongia. In: Book of Abstracts 7 th International Sponge Symposium, Biodiversity, Innovation, Sustainability. Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, pp. 197 - 197." type="book" year="2006">
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Rua
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<emphasis box="[1266,1319,289,311]" italics="true" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">et al.</emphasis>
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2006
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 197
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</treatmentCitation>
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; Muricy
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<emphasis box="[280,331,320,342]" italics="true" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">et al.</emphasis>
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2011: 67 (Not:
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<taxonomicName authority="Bowerbank, 1858" authorityName="Bowerbank" authorityYear="1858" box="[491,848,320,342]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Geodia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="carinata">
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<emphasis box="[491,658,320,342]" italics="true" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Geodia carinata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Bowerbank" box="[664,848,320,342]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" refString="Bowerbank, J. S. (1858) On the anatomy and physiology of the Spongiadae. Part I. On the spicula. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, 148 (2), 279 - 332." type="journal article" year="1858">Bowerbank, 1858</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="172.[151,1436,258,372]" box="[151,615,350,372]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">
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<taxonomicName box="[151,290,350,372]" class="Demospongiae" family="Placospongiidae" genus="Placospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[151,290,350,372]" italics="true" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Placospongia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. 1 sensu Van Soest 2009: 11.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="172" pageNumber="173" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="172.[151,1437,417,2026]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1424726575" collectingDate="1966-05-07" collectionCode="RMNH" collectorName="Snellius O. C. P. S." country="Suriname" elevation="27" latitude="6.312" location="Suriname" longLatPrecision="555" longitude="-56.57" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,385,417,442]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<typeStatus box="[393,497,417,442]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Holotype</typeStatus>
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||
<collectionCode box="[505,589,418,441]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">RMNH</collectionCode>
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Por. 9872,
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<collectingCountry box="[720,830,417,442]" name="Suriname" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Suriname</collectingCountry>
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, ‘
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<collectorName box="[846,1049,417,442]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Snellius O.C.P.S.</collectorName>
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’
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<collectingCountry box="[1062,1149,417,441]" name="Guyana" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Guyana</collectingCountry>
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Shelf Expedition, station F46,
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<geoCoordinate box="[208,303,453,478]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" precision="55" value="6.312">6.312°N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate box="[310,411,453,478]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" precision="555" value="-56.57">56.57°W</geoCoordinate>
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, depth
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<quantity box="[491,592,453,478]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" metricValueMax="2.9" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" unit="m" value="27.0" valueMax="29.0" valueMin="25.0">
|
||
<elevation box="[491,592,453,478]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" metricValueMax="2.9" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" unit="m" value="27.0" valueMax="29.0" valueMin="25.0">25–29 m</elevation>
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||
</quantity>
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||
, bottom sand,
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||
<date box="[756,894,453,478]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" value="1966-05-07">
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<collectingDate box="[756,894,453,478]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" value="1966-05-07">7 May 1966</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph blockId="172.[151,1437,417,2026]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">
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||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1424726577" collectingDate="1966-05-07" collectionCode="RMNH" collectorName="Snellius O. C. P. S." country="Suriname" elevation="28" latitude="6.312" location="Suriname" longLatPrecision="555" longitude="-56.57" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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||
<typeStatus box="[199,308,490,514]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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||
<collectionCode box="[318,402,490,513]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">RMNH</collectionCode>
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Por. 9951,
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<collectingCountry box="[540,650,489,514]" name="Suriname" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Suriname</collectingCountry>
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||
, ‘
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||
<collectorName box="[669,874,489,514]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Snellius O.C.P.S.</collectorName>
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||
’
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<collectingCountry box="[889,976,489,513]" name="Guyana" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Guyana</collectingCountry>
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Shelf Expedition, station F46,
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||
<geoCoordinate box="[1342,1436,489,514]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" precision="55" value="6.312">6.312°N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate box="[151,252,525,550]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" precision="555" value="-56.57">56.57°W</geoCoordinate>
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, depth
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<quantity box="[339,443,525,550]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="2.9" metricValueMin="2.6" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" unit="m" value="27.5" valueMax="29.0" valueMin="26.0">
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||
<elevation box="[339,443,525,550]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="2.9" metricValueMin="2.6" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" unit="m" value="27.5" valueMax="29.0" valueMin="26.0">26–29 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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, bottom sand,
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<date box="[617,762,525,550]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" value="1966-05-07">
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<collectingDate box="[617,762,525,550]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" value="1966-05-07">7 May 1966</collectingDate>
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</date>
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</materialsCitation>
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||
;
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1424726574" collectingDate="1966-05-07" collectionCode="RMNH" collectorName="Snellius O. C. P. S. & Van Veen" country="Suriname" elevation="34" latitude="6.4417" location="Suriname" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-56.5467" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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||
<collectionCode box="[777,861,526,549]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">RMNH</collectionCode>
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Por. 9871,
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<collectingCountry box="[1000,1110,525,550]" name="Suriname" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Suriname</collectingCountry>
|
||
, ‘
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||
<collectorName box="[1129,1334,525,550]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Snellius O.C.P.S.</collectorName>
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||
’
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||
<collectingCountry box="[1349,1436,526,550]" name="Guyana" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Guyana</collectingCountry>
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||
Shelf Expedition, station F45,
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<geoCoordinate box="[493,602,561,586]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" precision="5" value="6.4417">6.4417°N</geoCoordinate>
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||
<geoCoordinate box="[608,737,561,586]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" precision="5" value="-56.5467">56.5467°W</geoCoordinate>
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||
, depth
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||
<quantity box="[818,877,561,585]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" unit="m" value="34.0">
|
||
<elevation box="[818,877,561,585]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" unit="m" value="34.0">34 m</elevation>
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||
</quantity>
|
||
,
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||
<collectorName box="[888,995,562,585]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Van Veen</collectorName>
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||
grab,
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||
<date box="[1066,1204,561,586]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" value="1966-05-07">
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||
<collectingDate box="[1066,1204,561,586]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" value="1966-05-07">7 May 1966</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="172" pageNumber="173" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="172.[151,1437,417,2026]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,345,597,622]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
(
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||
<figureCitation box="[361,459,597,622]" captionStart="FIGURE 108" captionStartId="173.[151,250,1460,1482]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1438]" captionTargetId="figure@173.[151,1436,195,1438]" captionTargetPageId="173" captionText="FIGURE 108. Placospongia ruetzleri sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype 9872 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – g, SEM images of the spicules, b, large tylostyle, b 1, details of b, c, small tylostyle, c 1, details of c, d, selenaster, e, juvenile selenaster, f, spirasters, g, acanthomicrorhabds." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273058/files/figure.png" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Fig. 108</figureCitation>
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||
a) Thick crusts with surface divided into polygonal plates separated by pore grooves. Live color of specimens photographed on-deck by the CREOCEAN expedition in French Guyanan waters is redbrown, similar but slightly dulled in alcohol.
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[653,687,670,693]" country="Haiti" name="Nord" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">No</collectingRegion>
|
||
visible openings (the oscules and pores in the grooves are invisible due to the closure of the grooves). Size of
|
||
<typeStatus box="[630,728,705,730]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
5.5
|
||
<date box="[778,814,706,730]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">x 4</date>
|
||
x
|
||
<quantity box="[843,923,705,730]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" unit="cm" value="3.5">3.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
, but the thickness in reality is about
|
||
<quantity box="[1336,1432,705,730]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="4.0">4–5 mm</quantity>
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||
, as it encloses a lump of shell debris. The
|
||
<typeStatus box="[613,720,742,766]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
are flat encrustations of
|
||
<quantity box="[998,1091,741,766]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="3.0">3–6 mm</quantity>
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||
thickness. Consistency stony.
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph blockId="172.[151,1437,417,2026]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,309,777,802]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Skeleton.</emphasis>
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||
The surface has a thin veneer of acanthomicrorhabds overlying a
|
||
<quantity box="[1056,1143,777,802]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
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||
thick crust of selenasters, carried by subectosomal bundles of tylostyles of 300–500 µm in diameter. The choanosomal region is notably less spiculous, with spaces of
|
||
<quantity box="[472,594,849,874]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" unit="mm" value="0.75" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.5">0.5–1 mm</quantity>
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||
of tissue with only microscleres (acanthomicrorhabds and spirasters/ amphiasters) between the bundles of tylostyles. At the undersurface there is a further layer of selenasters and acanthomicrorhabds.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="172.[151,1437,417,2026]" box="[199,1089,957,982]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,304,957,982]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Spicules.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[319,415,957,982]" captionStart="FIGURE 108" captionStartId="173.[151,250,1460,1482]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1438]" captionTargetId="figure@173.[151,1436,195,1438]" captionTargetPageId="173" captionText="FIGURE 108. Placospongia ruetzleri sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype 9872 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – g, SEM images of the spicules, b, large tylostyle, b 1, details of b, c, small tylostyle, c 1, details of c, d, selenaster, e, juvenile selenaster, f, spirasters, g, acanthomicrorhabds." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273058/files/figure.png" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Figs 108</figureCitation>
|
||
b–f) Tylostyles, selenasters, spirasters, acanthomicrorhabds.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="172.[151,1437,417,2026]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">
|
||
Tylostyles with prominent tyles and bluntly rounded opposite ends, straight and evenly thick along most of the shaft, gradually tapering until the rounded end, in two slightly overlapping size classes, (1) larger (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1277,1381,1029,1054]" captionStart="FIGURE 108" captionStartId="173.[151,250,1460,1482]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1438]" captionTargetId="figure@173.[151,1436,195,1438]" captionTargetPageId="173" captionText="FIGURE 108. Placospongia ruetzleri sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype 9872 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – g, SEM images of the spicules, b, large tylostyle, b 1, details of b, c, small tylostyle, c 1, details of c, d, selenaster, e, juvenile selenaster, f, spirasters, g, acanthomicrorhabds." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273058/files/figure.png" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Figs 108</figureCitation>
|
||
b,b1) 618–
|
||
<emphasis box="[207,249,1065,1090]" italics="true" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">856</emphasis>
|
||
–
|
||
<date box="[263,371,1065,1090]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" value="1158-10-11">1158 x 11</date>
|
||
–
|
||
<emphasis box="[387,436,1065,1090]" italics="true" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">14.6</emphasis>
|
||
–19 µm, and (2) smaller (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[721,825,1065,1090]" captionStart="FIGURE 108" captionStartId="173.[151,250,1460,1482]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1438]" captionTargetId="figure@173.[151,1436,195,1438]" captionTargetPageId="173" captionText="FIGURE 108. Placospongia ruetzleri sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype 9872 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – g, SEM images of the spicules, b, large tylostyle, b 1, details of b, c, small tylostyle, c 1, details of c, d, selenaster, e, juvenile selenaster, f, spirasters, g, acanthomicrorhabds." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273058/files/figure.png" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Figs 108</figureCitation>
|
||
c,c1) 324–
|
||
<emphasis box="[938,980,1066,1090]" italics="true" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">395</emphasis>
|
||
–479
|
||
<date box="[1043,1077,1065,1090]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">x 6</date>
|
||
–
|
||
<emphasis box="[1092,1127,1066,1090]" italics="true" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">8.7</emphasis>
|
||
–11 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="172.[151,1437,417,2026]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">
|
||
Selenasters (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[343,440,1101,1126]" captionStart="FIGURE 108" captionStartId="173.[151,250,1460,1482]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1438]" captionTargetId="figure@173.[151,1436,195,1438]" captionTargetPageId="173" captionText="FIGURE 108. Placospongia ruetzleri sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype 9872 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – g, SEM images of the spicules, b, large tylostyle, b 1, details of b, c, small tylostyle, c 1, details of c, d, selenaster, e, juvenile selenaster, f, spirasters, g, acanthomicrorhabds." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273058/files/figure.png" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Fig. 108</figureCitation>
|
||
d) oval in shape with prominent hilus of 10–13 µm diameter, size (height x diameter) 66–
|
||
<emphasis box="[193,242,1137,1162]" italics="true" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">76.2</emphasis>
|
||
–82
|
||
<date box="[291,338,1137,1162]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" value="1951-10">x 51</date>
|
||
–
|
||
<emphasis box="[354,403,1138,1162]" italics="true" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">59.7</emphasis>
|
||
–66 µm; juvenile stages (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[685,780,1137,1162]" captionStart="FIGURE 108" captionStartId="173.[151,250,1460,1482]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1438]" captionTargetId="figure@173.[151,1436,195,1438]" captionTargetPageId="173" captionText="FIGURE 108. Placospongia ruetzleri sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype 9872 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – g, SEM images of the spicules, b, large tylostyle, b 1, details of b, c, small tylostyle, c 1, details of c, d, selenaster, e, juvenile selenaster, f, spirasters, g, acanthomicrorhabds." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273058/files/figure.png" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Fig. 108</figureCitation>
|
||
e) common, 34–
|
||
<emphasis box="[962,1011,1138,1162]" italics="true" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">40.3</emphasis>
|
||
–
|
||
<date box="[1026,1107,1137,1162]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" value="1948-10-15">48 x 15</date>
|
||
–
|
||
<emphasis box="[1124,1173,1138,1162]" italics="true" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">21.1</emphasis>
|
||
–27 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="172.[151,1437,417,2026]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">
|
||
Spirasters (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[328,431,1173,1198]" captionStart="FIGURE 108" captionStartId="173.[151,250,1460,1482]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1438]" captionTargetId="figure@173.[151,1436,195,1438]" captionTargetPageId="173" captionText="FIGURE 108. Placospongia ruetzleri sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype 9872 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – g, SEM images of the spicules, b, large tylostyle, b 1, details of b, c, small tylostyle, c 1, details of c, d, selenaster, e, juvenile selenaster, f, spirasters, g, acanthomicrorhabds." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273058/files/figure.png" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Figs 108</figureCitation>
|
||
f), quite variable and irregular, the shaft with one or rarely two spiral turns; with rays provided with shorter and longer secondary rays and spines, with the longer rays concentrated at both ends and on the upper curve, with few spines and protrusions in the center region and on the lower curve; overall length also variable, 16–
|
||
<emphasis box="[297,346,1282,1306]" italics="true" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">21.7</emphasis>
|
||
–26 µm, thickness of the shaft where free of spines, 2–4 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="172.[151,1437,417,2026]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">
|
||
Acanthomicrorhabds (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[450,553,1317,1342]" captionStart="FIGURE 108" captionStartId="173.[151,250,1460,1482]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1438]" captionTargetId="figure@173.[151,1436,195,1438]" captionTargetPageId="173" captionText="FIGURE 108. Placospongia ruetzleri sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype 9872 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – g, SEM images of the spicules, b, large tylostyle, b 1, details of b, c, small tylostyle, c 1, details of c, d, selenaster, e, juvenile selenaster, f, spirasters, g, acanthomicrorhabds." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273058/files/figure.png" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">
|
||
Figs
|
||
<quantity box="[509,553,1318,1342]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.08" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" unit="g" value="108.0">108</quantity>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
g), variable in length and thickness, usually with one or one-and-a-half spiral turn, occasional with two turns, initial stage rough but not spined, size 7–
|
||
<emphasis box="[971,1016,1354,1378]" italics="true" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">11.4</emphasis>
|
||
–
|
||
<date box="[1033,1098,1354,1378]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" value="2014-10-01">14 x 1</date>
|
||
–
|
||
<emphasis box="[1116,1151,1354,1378]" italics="true" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">1.4</emphasis>
|
||
–2 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="172" pageNumber="173" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="172.[151,1437,417,2026]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,506,1389,1414]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Distribution and ecology.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[516,603,1390,1414]" name="Guyana" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Guyana</collectingCountry>
|
||
shelf, sandy bottom at
|
||
<quantity box="[883,989,1389,1414]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.95" metricValueMax="3.4" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" unit="m" value="29.5" valueMax="34.0" valueMin="25.0">25–34 m</quantity>
|
||
; CREOCEAN specimens from French
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[151,238,1426,1450]" name="Guyana" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Guyana</collectingCountry>
|
||
were from
|
||
<quantity box="[368,426,1426,1450]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.3" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" unit="m" value="83.0">83 m</quantity>
|
||
depth. Elsewhere,
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[640,724,1425,1450]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[735,828,1425,1450]" name="Jamaica" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Jamaica</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[839,937,1425,1450]" name="Grenada" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Grenada</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[948,1061,1425,1450]" name="Colombia" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, NE
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1118,1186,1425,1450]" name="Brazil" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(the Brazilian records remain uncertain due to insufficient information), depth range
|
||
<quantity box="[851,938,1462,1486]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="3.4" metricValueMin="0.1" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" unit="m" value="17.5" valueMax="34.0" valueMin="1.0">1–34 m</quantity>
|
||
, so the entire range is
|
||
<quantity box="[1188,1276,1462,1486]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" metricValueMax="8.3" metricValueMin="0.1" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" unit="m" value="42.0" valueMax="83.0" valueMin="1.0">
|
||
1–
|
||
<specimenCount box="[1215,1276,1462,1486]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" type="generic">83 m</specimenCount>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="172" pageNumber="173" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="172.[151,1437,417,2026]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,334,1497,1522]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
Named after Dr Klaus Rützler (Smithsonian Institution,
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[979,1117,1497,1522]" country="United States of America" name="Washington" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Washington</collectingRegion>
|
||
), to acknowledge his efforts in placospongiid taxonomy and for his important contributions to sponge biology in general.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="172" pageNumber="173" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="172.[151,1437,417,2026]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,315,1569,1594]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
This species was already reviewed and described in Van Soest (2009) as
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1159,1313,1569,1594]" class="Demospongiae" family="Placospongiidae" genus="Placospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1159,1313,1569,1594]" italics="true" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Placospongia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. 1. The Pacific
|
||
<typeStatus box="[241,339,1605,1630]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Bowerbank, 1858" authorityName="Bowerbank" authorityYear="1858" box="[387,750,1605,1630]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Geodia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="carinata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[387,512,1606,1629]" italics="true" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">P. carinata</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bowerbank" box="[534,742,1605,1630]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" refString="Bowerbank, J. S. (1858) On the anatomy and physiology of the Spongiadae. Part I. On the spicula. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, 148 (2), 279 - 332." type="journal article" year="1858">Bowerbank, 1858</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and additional regional specimens were (re-)described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Becking" box="[151,328,1641,1666]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" refString="Becking, L. (2013) Revision of the genus Placospongia (Porifera, Demospongiae, Hadromerida, Placospongiidae) in the Indo- West Pacific. ZooKeys, 298, 39 - 76. Avaliable from: http: // zookeys. pensoft. net / articles. php? id = 3095 (Accessed 11 Jan. 2017)" type="journal article" year="2013">Becking (2013)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[389,472,1641,1666]" country="Sri Lanka" name="Central" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Central</collectingRegion>
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[478,533,1642,1665]" country="Tanzania" name="Mjini Magharibi" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">West</collectingRegion>
|
||
Atlantic specimens previously assigned by various authors to
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1228,1350,1642,1665]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Geodia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="carinata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1228,1350,1642,1665]" italics="true" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">P. carinata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
closely resemble the Pacific
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[385,504,1678,1701]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Geodia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="carinata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[385,504,1678,1701]" italics="true" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">P. carinata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but as Van Soest (2009) pointed out there are several consistent differences which along with the geographic separation justify recognition at the species level. The principal difference is the shape of the spirasters/amphiasters, which is much more distinctly amphiaster-like with long rays at both upper and lower ends of the shaft in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[384,506,1786,1809]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Geodia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="carinata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[384,506,1786,1809]" italics="true" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">P. carinata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, whereas these spicules are pronouncedly spiraster-like in the new
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[1289,1371,1785,1810]" country="Sri Lanka" name="Central" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Central</collectingRegion>
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[1381,1436,1786,1809]" country="Tanzania" name="Mjini Magharibi" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">West</collectingRegion>
|
||
Atlantic species because rays tend to be lengthy only at the upper convex side of the arched microsclere. Less clear, but consistent differences are in the sizes of these spirasters/amphiasters (larger in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1105,1227,1858,1881]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Geodia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="carinata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1105,1227,1858,1881]" italics="true" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">P. carinata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), the megascleres (shorter in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[274,393,1894,1917]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Geodia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="carinata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[274,393,1894,1917]" italics="true" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">P. carinata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and the selenasters (larger in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[746,868,1894,1917]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Geodia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="carinata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[746,868,1894,1917]" italics="true" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">P. carinata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="172.[151,1437,417,2026]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">
|
||
All other well-established
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[493,576,1929,1954]" country="Sri Lanka" name="Central" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Central</collectingRegion>
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[582,637,1930,1953]" country="Tanzania" name="Mjini Magharibi" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">West</collectingRegion>
|
||
Atlantic
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[740,894,1929,1954]" class="Demospongiae" family="Placospongiidae" genus="Placospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[740,894,1929,1954]" italics="true" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">Placospongia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species (
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Rutzler, Piantoni, Van Soest & Diaz, 2014" authorityName="Rutzler, Piantoni, Van Soest & Diaz" authorityYear="2014" class="Demospongiae" family="Placospongiidae" genus="Placospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="caribica">
|
||
<emphasis box="[997,1117,1929,1954]" italics="true" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">P. caribica</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Rutzler" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" refString="Rutzler, K., Piantoni, C., Van Soest, R. W. M. & Diaz, M. C. (2014) Diversity of sponges (Porifera) from cryptic habitats on the Belize barrier reef near Carrie Bow Cay. Zootaxa, 3805 (1), 1 - 129. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3805.1.1" type="journal article" year="2014">Rützler, Piantoni, Van Soest & Díaz, 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Boury-Esnault, 1973" authorityName="Boury-Esnault" authorityYear="1973" box="[342,724,1965,1990]" class="Demospongiae" family="Placospongiidae" genus="Placospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="cristata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[342,463,1966,1989]" italics="true" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">P. cristata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Boury-Esnault" box="[479,724,1965,1990]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" refString="Boury-Esnault, N. (1973) Resultats scientifiques des campagnes de la " Calypso "." type="book" year="1973">Boury-Esnault, 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Sollas, 1888" authorityName="Sollas" authorityYear="1888" box="[799,1119,1965,1990]" class="Demospongiae" family="Placospongiidae" genus="Placospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="intermedia">
|
||
<emphasis box="[799,956,1965,1990]" italics="true" pageId="172" pageNumber="173">P. intermedia</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sollas" box="[972,1119,1965,1990]" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" refString="Sollas, W. J. (1888) Report on the Tetractinellida collected by H. M. S. ' Challenger', during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Foyage of H. M. S. ' Challenger', 1873 - 1876, Zoology, 25 (63), 1 - 458." type="journal article" year="1888">Sollas, 1888</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) possess ‘golfball’-shaped spherasters lacking in the present species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |