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<document id="44669AF2526268EE9B9706088B2454B3" ID-CLB-Dataset="37320" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.272951" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e2c88f4c-3ac2-45f9-95e4-99b75561a081" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="272951" ID-ZooBank="6D68A019-6F63-4AA4-A8B3-92D351F1F69B" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1484409208030" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Van, Rob W. M." docDate="2017" docId="03A800107778FF83FF14A0759553F90A" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4217.1.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Siphonodictyon densum Schmidt 1870" docType="treatment" docVersion="21" lastPageNumber="48" masterDocId="FF9178687757FFACFF83A36B907DFF9A" masterDocTitle="Sponges of the Guyana Shelf" masterLastPageNumber="225" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="48" updateTime="1698435695899" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="F9C7BD58ED328B91DFD534E3D6993770">Sponges of the Guyana Shelf</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B93715B6F424C8D250D0118CC1ECFF74">Van, Rob W. M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="37FE6B3627322B0D1BBC69A50DBBC64C">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:classification id="AAE24606D22840E03C75205E76F5579E">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="5504CD4F2F91BB56F2693000AFFE58BC" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.272951</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03A800107778FF83FF14A0759553F90A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5698595" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127419704" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5698595" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A800107778FF83FF14A0759553F90A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A800107778FF83FF14A0759553F90A" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<subSubSection id="C31BE28D7778FF83FF14A0759148FCC0" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BBEB1067778FF83FF14A07592F8FCA2" blockId="47.[151,645,798,858]" box="[151,645,798,824]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<heading id="D0F6066A7778FF83FF14A07592F8FCA2" bold="true" box="[151,645,798,824]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA857778FF83FF14A07592F8FCA2" ID-CoL="4XPVR" authority="Schmidt, 1870" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1870" box="[151,645,798,824]" class="Demospongiae" family="Phloeodictyidae" genus="Siphonodictyon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="densum">
<emphasis id="B9756D147778FF83FF14A07592F8FCA2" bold="true" box="[151,645,798,824]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="B9756D147778FF83FF14A07591C7FCA2" bold="true" box="[151,442,798,824]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Siphonodictyon densum</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF77778FF83FE4AA0759200FCA2" author="Schmidt" box="[457,637,798,824]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" refString="Schmidt, O. (1870) Grundzuge einer Spongien-Fauna des atlantischen Gebietes. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, iii - iv, 88 pp." type="book" year="1870">Schmidt, 1870</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBEB1067778FF83FF14A02A9148FCC0" blockId="47.[151,645,798,858]" box="[151,309,833,858]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<figureCitation id="133AAD837778FF83FF14A02A9173FCC0" box="[151,270,833,858]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="48.[151,250,1415,1437]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1394]" captionTargetId="figure@48.[151,1436,193,1394]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURE 30. Siphonodictyon densum (Schmidt, 1870), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9922 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic of image surface skeleton, b 1, detail of b, c, SEM image of oxeote strongyles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272981/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Figures 30</figureCitation>
a–c
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31BE28D7778FF83FF14A0E29242FC05" box="[151,575,905,927]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BBEB1067778FF83FF14A0E29242FC05" blockId="47.[151,575,905,927]" box="[151,575,905,927]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1196287778FF83FF14A0E29242FC05" box="[151,575,905,927]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA857778FF83FF14A0E29247FC05" authority="Schmidt, 1870: 34" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityPageNumber="34" authorityYear="1870" box="[151,570,905,927]" class="Demospongiae" family="Callyspongiidae" genus="Siphonochalina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="densa">
<emphasis id="B9756D147778FF83FF14A0E2910AFC05" box="[151,375,905,927]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Siphonochalina densa</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AA097177778FF83FEFEA0E29247FC05" author="Schmidt" box="[381,570,905,927]" page="34" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" year="1870">
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF77778FF83FEFEA0E29269FC05" author="Schmidt" box="[381,532,905,927]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" refString="Schmidt, O. (1870) Grundzuge einer Spongien-Fauna des atlantischen Gebietes. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, iii - iv, 88 pp." type="book" year="1870">Schmidt, 1870</bibRefCitation>
: 34
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31BE28D7778FF83FF14A0A79504FBB7" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BBEB1067778FF83FF14A0A793C6FB92" blockId="47.[151,1437,972,1680]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<materialsCitation id="3B69BB5B7778FF83FF14A0A793CAFB92" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1424726459" collectingDate="1969-04-16" collectionCode="RMNH" collectorName="Luymes O. C. P. S." country="Suriname" elevation="130" latitude="7.3083" location="Suriname" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-54.1667" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis id="B9756D147778FF83FF14A0A791FEFC7F" bold="true" box="[151,387,972,997]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Material examined.</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="ED1029C37778FF83FE0EA0A6919CFC7E" box="[397,481,973,996]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">RMNH</collectionCode>
Por. 9922,
<collectingCountry id="F316F1967778FF83FDE9A0A792A5FC7F" box="[618,728,972,997]" name="Suriname" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Suriname</collectingCountry>
, ‘
<collectorName id="26F4D4D07778FF83FD68A0A793CEFC7E" box="[747,947,972,996]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Luymes O.C.P.S.</collectorName>
II’
<collectingCountry id="F316F1967778FF83FC5AA0A7944DFC7E" box="[985,1072,972,996]" name="Guyana" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Guyana</collectingCountry>
Shelf Expedition, station M97,
<geoCoordinate id="EE35D7C17778FF83FF14A09B9179FB92" box="[151,260,1008,1032]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" precision="5" value="7.3083">7.3083°N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE35D7C17778FF83FE89A08491F6FB92" box="[266,395,1007,1032]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" precision="5" value="-54.1667">54.1667°W</geoCoordinate>
, depth
<elevation id="002C56357778FF83FE5FA09B9258FB9D" box="[476,549,1008,1032]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="m" value="130.0">
<quantity id="4CF91CE37778FF83FE5FA09B9258FB9D" box="[476,549,1008,1032]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="m" value="130.0">130 m</quantity>
</elevation>
, bottom coarse sand,
<date id="FFBF97C67778FF83FC94A08493CAFB92" box="[791,951,1007,1032]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" value="1969-04-16">
<collectingDate id="EFFB6E2E7778FF83FC94A08493CAFB92" box="[791,951,1007,1032]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" value="1969-04-16">16 April 1969</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBEB1067778FF83FF44A77F9504FBB7" blockId="47.[151,1437,972,1680]" box="[199,1401,1044,1069]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="B9756D147778FF83FF44A77F9183FBB7" bold="true" box="[199,510,1044,1069]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Examined for comparison</emphasis>
. Slide of Schmidt labeled with the present species name, BMNH 1870.5.3.129.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31BE28D7778FF83FF44A75C953CFA22" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BBEB1067778FF83FF44A75C95FFFB7A" blockId="47.[151,1437,972,1680]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="B9756D147778FF83FF44A75C9124FBCA" bold="true" box="[199,345,1079,1104]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Description.</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="133AAD837778FF83FEEEA75C91B9FBCA" box="[365,452,1079,1104]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="48.[151,250,1415,1437]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1394]" captionTargetId="figure@48.[151,1436,193,1394]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURE 30. Siphonodictyon densum (Schmidt, 1870), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9922 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic of image surface skeleton, b 1, detail of b, c, SEM image of oxeote strongyles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272981/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 30</figureCitation>
a) The specimen is a small group of tubes, that has become damged and partially fragmented during the collection and preservation process. The base of the larger tube is about
<quantity id="4CF91CE37778FF83FB46A7379481FBEE" box="[1221,1276,1116,1140]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
in diameter, a smaller one is only
<quantity id="4CF91CE37778FF83FEF9A71491BAFB0D" box="[378,455,1151,1176]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="cm" value="0.5">0.5 cm</quantity>
in diameter. The upper parts of the tubes ar missing, so the height is not known. The outer surface is smooth, the inner surface is ridged. It looks as if on the inside of the tube there are septa dividing the tubar lumen, at least in the retrieved basal parts. Color (in alcohol) white or pale yellow. Consistency fragile.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBEB1067778FF83FF44A787946AFAEA" blockId="47.[151,1437,972,1680]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="B9756D147778FF83FF44A7879148FA9F" bold="true" box="[199,309,1260,1285]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Skeleton.</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="133AAD837778FF83FEC7A78791E5FA9F" box="[324,408,1260,1285]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="48.[151,250,1415,1437]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1394]" captionTargetId="figure@48.[151,1436,193,1394]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURE 30. Siphonodictyon densum (Schmidt, 1870), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9922 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic of image surface skeleton, b 1, detail of b, c, SEM image of oxeote strongyles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272981/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 30</figureCitation>
b,b1) Densely spiculated ectosomal crust with barely any openings between the spicules. As
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF77778FF83FF14A6649105FAB2" author="Schmidt" box="[151,376,1295,1320]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" refString="Schmidt, O. (1870) Grundzuge einer Spongien-Fauna des atlantischen Gebietes. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, iii - iv, 88 pp." type="book" year="1870">Schmidt (1870: 34)</bibRefCitation>
described, the curved fat spicules are arranged with the concave and convex sides closely adhering to form a continuous flat sheath (
<figureCitation id="133AAD837778FF83FDF8A65F92AFFAD7" box="[635,722,1332,1357]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="48.[151,250,1415,1437]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1394]" captionTargetId="figure@48.[151,1436,193,1394]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURE 30. Siphonodictyon densum (Schmidt, 1870), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9922 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic of image surface skeleton, b 1, detail of b, c, SEM image of oxeote strongyles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272981/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 30</figureCitation>
b1). The ectosome is carried (
<figureCitation id="133AAD837778FF83FBA2A65F940EFAD7" box="[1057,1139,1332,1357]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="48.[151,250,1415,1437]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1394]" captionTargetId="figure@48.[151,1436,193,1394]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURE 30. Siphonodictyon densum (Schmidt, 1870), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9922 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic of image surface skeleton, b 1, detail of b, c, SEM image of oxeote strongyles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272981/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 30</figureCitation>
b) by a system of rounded meshes of 300–400 µm in size formed by tracts of 6–8 spicules in cross section.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBEB1067778FF83FF44A617923DFA0F" blockId="47.[151,1437,972,1680]" box="[199,576,1404,1429]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="B9756D147778FF83FF44A617914DFA0F" bold="true" box="[199,304,1404,1429]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Spicules.</emphasis>
Oxeote strongyles only.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBEB1067778FF83FF44A6CB953CFA22" blockId="47.[151,1437,972,1680]" box="[199,1345,1439,1464]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
Oxeote strongyles (
<figureCitation id="133AAD837778FF83FE22A6F49185FA22" box="[417,504,1439,1464]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="48.[151,250,1415,1437]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1394]" captionTargetId="figure@48.[151,1436,193,1394]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURE 30. Siphonodictyon densum (Schmidt, 1870), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9922 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic of image surface skeleton, b 1, detail of b, c, SEM image of oxeote strongyles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272981/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Figs 30</figureCitation>
c), curved, fat, with bluntly rounded ends, 151–
<emphasis id="B9756D147778FF83FB89A6F49449FA22" box="[1034,1076,1439,1464]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">168</emphasis>
–186
<date id="FFBF97C67778FF83FBF0A6CB94DFFA22" box="[1139,1186,1440,1464]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" value="1917-10">x 17</date>
–
<emphasis id="B9756D147778FF83FB31A6CB949EFA22" box="[1202,1251,1440,1464]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">19.2</emphasis>
–21 µm.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31BE28D7778FF83FF44A6AF95EFFA46" box="[199,1426,1476,1501]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BBEB1067778FF83FF44A6AF95EFFA46" blockId="47.[151,1437,972,1680]" box="[199,1426,1476,1501]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="B9756D147778FF83FF44A6AF918FFA47" bold="true" box="[199,498,1476,1501]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Distribution and ecology.</emphasis>
Guayana Shelf,
<collectingRegion id="49C57FE47778FF83FD2EA6AF937CFA47" box="[685,769,1476,1501]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Florida</collectingRegion>
, on sand bottom,
<quantity id="4CF91CE37778FF83FC44A6AF943BFA46" box="[967,1094,1476,1501]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.73" metricValueMax="2.16" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="m" value="173.0" valueMax="216.0" valueMin="130.0">130–216 m</quantity>
depth (
<collectingCountry id="F316F1967778FF83FB1AA6AF948FFA46" box="[1177,1266,1476,1500]" name="Guyana" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Guyana</collectingCountry>
Shelf
<quantity id="4CF91CE37778FF83FAB8A6AF95FBFA46" box="[1339,1414,1476,1500]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="m" value="130.0">130 m</quantity>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31BE28D7778FF83FF44A68C9553F90A" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BBEB1067778FF83FF44A68C9553F90A" blockId="47.[151,1437,972,1680]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="B9756D147778FF83FF44A68C9146F99A" bold="true" box="[199,315,1511,1536]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Remarks.</emphasis>
Examination of a slide in the Natural History Museum, London, presumed to have been taken from the Harvard
<typeStatus id="54BA0FA47778FF83FEA4A566912AF9BF" box="[295,343,1549,1573]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">type</typeStatus>
MCZ PORa-6471, confirmed the likely conspecificity of the
<collectingCountry id="F316F1967778FF83FB9EA5679409F9BE" box="[1053,1140,1548,1572]" name="Guyana" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Guyana</collectingCountry>
specimen. The extremely dense arrangement of the ectosomal spicules is a characteristic shared feature. This is the first record of the species since Schmidt’s original description. There is considerable similarity with
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA857778FF83FC6CA53F90A5F90A" authority="Schmidt, 1880" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1880" class="Demospongiae" family="Phloeodictyidae" genus="Siphonodictyon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="viridescens">
<emphasis id="B9756D147778FF83FC6CA53F9558F9F7" box="[1007,1317,1620,1645]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Siphonodictyon viridescens</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF77778FF83FAB5A53F90ADF90A" author="Schmidt" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" refString="Schmidt, O. (1880) Die Spongien des Meerbusen von Mexico (Und des caraibischen Meeres). Heft II. Abtheilung II." type="journal volume" year="1880">Schmidt, 1880</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
reported recently from
<collectingCountry id="F316F1967778FF83FE61A51C9246F90A" box="[482,571,1655,1680]" name="Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Bonaire</collectingCountry>
(Van Soest
<emphasis id="B9756D147778FF83FD42A5129284F90A" box="[705,761,1655,1680]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">et al.</emphasis>
2014), but this has longer spicules (225–245 µm).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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