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<document id="48B1994570AF514D853EDFFE5DD0ACA8" ID-CLB-Dataset="37320" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.272951" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e2c88f4c-3ac2-45f9-95e4-99b75561a081" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="272951" ID-ZooBank="6D68A019-6F63-4AA4-A8B3-92D351F1F69B" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1484409208030" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Van, Rob W. M." docDate="2017" docId="03A800107777FF8EFF14A7A59327FD1F" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4217.1.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Niphates erecta Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti 1864" docType="treatment" docVersion="21" lastPageNumber="35" masterDocId="FF9178687757FFACFF83A36B907DFF9A" masterDocTitle="Sponges of the Guyana Shelf" masterLastPageNumber="225" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="33" updateTime="1698435695899" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="0F214F8BE805BAD1F5C9AF2BC8FE5D05" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="214A025946BEE96EB5428E2A2CF173FD">
<mods:title id="4C27C22CF8C543D20A48FBB313C2E7D2">Sponges of the Guyana Shelf</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="435528E61D941333043C5C12040C1A84" type="personal">
<mods:role id="1DCE1E041633C34470F1780F409F2717">
<mods:roleTerm id="57B8CB2A4C50A84EB81A54B4889FAD90">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="F8CBE9DD5A9DEF331FC9DBE902564761">Van, Rob W. M.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="8068F8ABA7E7F798BC603EEBB86B502E">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="6CE7A54F74BE49EC867F6EB6A3517421" type="host">
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<mods:title id="24762054F1C6D8E72788A238F000971A">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="2CBE09C8D5A927B418788922F2692ECC">
<mods:date id="E7CD20905500C299F17CA204A51317EC">2017</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="18099A58283B5360DEC6690F3EBD477C" type="issue">
<mods:number id="ADBF294CAE22300BF1C2FCEB2295C8A9">1</mods:number>
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</mods:extent>
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<mods:classification id="4B2FA088036093BC0D8105E884EB85A0">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="6D4DF140446B537AB6CD9AEAEFA5FBE4" type="CLB-Dataset">37320</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="B7531B94A6B89117BB3AC6343F4056C6" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.272951</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="1188DB9235CD0548300EBC84E1B0A0CA" type="GBIF-Dataset">e2c88f4c-3ac2-45f9-95e4-99b75561a081</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="DB720B1DC1850E71A9E9DE994581466F" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="0244A195FE66FA1D0B0EF0F356CA5D84" type="Zenodo-Dep">272951</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="4B99DB152696ADEB82D8E628588F0FB4" type="ZooBank">6D68A019-6F63-4AA4-A8B3-92D351F1F69B</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03A800107777FF8EFF14A7A59327FD1F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5698579" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127419722" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5698579" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A800107777FF8EFF14A7A59327FD1F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A800107777FF8EFF14A7A59327FD1F" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<subSubSection id="C31BE28D7777FF8CFF14A7A5914AFA90" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BBEB1067777FF8CFF14A7A59294FB72" blockId="32.[151,745,1230,1290]" box="[151,745,1230,1256]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<heading id="D0F6066A7777FF8CFF14A7A59294FB72" bold="true" box="[151,745,1230,1256]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA857777FF8CFF14A7A59294FB72" ID-CoL="73ZFB" authority="Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti, 1864" authorityName="Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti" authorityYear="1864" box="[151,745,1230,1256]" class="Demospongiae" family="Niphatidae" genus="Niphates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="erecta">
<emphasis id="B9756D147777FF8CFF14A7A59294FB72" bold="true" box="[151,745,1230,1256]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="B9756D147777FF8CFF14A7A5912EFB72" bold="true" box="[151,339,1230,1256]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Niphates erecta</emphasis>
Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti, 1864
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBEB1067777FF8CFF14A79A914AFA90" blockId="32.[151,745,1230,1290]" box="[151,311,1265,1290]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<figureCitation id="133AAD837777FF8CFF14A79A9173FA90" box="[151,270,1265,1290]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1620,1642]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,373,1599]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[151,1436,373,1599]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 20. Niphates erecta Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti, 1864, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9895 (scale bar = 1 cm), a 1, of RMNH Por. 9877 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of cross section of peripheral skeleton of RMNH Por. 9905, c – d, SEM images of spicules, c, oxeas, d, sigma." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272971/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Figures 20</figureCitation>
a–d
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31BE28D7777FF8CFF14A6529108FAD5" box="[151,373,1337,1359]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BBEB1067777FF8CFF14A6529108FAD5" blockId="32.[151,1436,1337,1543]" box="[151,373,1337,1359]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Restricted synonymy:</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31BE28D7777FF8CFF14A63392DAF99D" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BBEB1067777FF8CFF14A633915CFA50" blockId="32.[151,1436,1337,1543]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA857777FF8CFF14A63392D0FAF4" ID-CoL="73ZFB" authority="Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti, 1864: 93" authorityName="Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti" authorityPageNumber="93" authorityYear="1864" box="[151,685,1368,1390]" class="Demospongiae" family="Niphatidae" genus="Niphates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="erecta">
<emphasis id="B9756D147777FF8CFF14A633914BFAF4" box="[151,310,1368,1390]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Niphates erecta</emphasis>
Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti, 1864: 93
</taxonomicName>
, pl. 21 fig. 3;
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF77777FF8CFCBAA633947FFAF4" author="Wiedenmayer" box="[825,1026,1368,1390]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refString="Wiedenmayer, F. (1977) Shallow-water sponges of the western Bahamas. Experientia Supplementum, 28, 1 - 287." type="journal article" year="1977">Wiedenmayer 1977</bibRefCitation>
: 96, pl. 20 figs 7–8, pl. 21 figs 1–4, textfig. 119 (with additional synonyms);
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF77777FF8CFDC9A61C928CFA16" author="Van" box="[586,753,1398,1420]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refString="Van Soest, R. W. M. (1980) Marine sponges from Curacao and other Caribbean localities. Part II. Haplosclerida. In: Hummelinck, P. W. &amp; Van der Steen, L. J. (Eds.), Uitgaven van de Natuurwetenschappelijke Studiekring voor Suriname en de Nederlandse Antillen. No. 104. Studies on the Fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands, 62 (191), 1 - 173. Avaliable from: http: // www. repository. naturalis. nl / document / 550028 (Accessed 11 Jan. 2017)" type="journal article" year="1980">Van Soest 1980</bibRefCitation>
: 35, pl. V figs 2–4, text-fig. 12;
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF77777FF8CFBCBA61C94D1FA16" author="Zea" box="[1096,1196,1398,1420]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refString="Zea, S. (1987) Esponjas del Caribe Colombiano. Catalogo Cientific, Bogot, Colombia, 286 pp." type="book" year="1987">Zea 1987</bibRefCitation>
: 81, figs 21, 249 (with review of of spicule data);
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF77777FF8CFE59A6FE92DEFA31" author="Campos" box="[474,675,1429,1451]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refString="Campos, M., Mothes, B., Eckert, M. &amp; van Soest, R. W. M. (2005) Haplosclerida (Porifera: Demospongiae) from the coast of Maranhao State, Brazil, Southwestern Atlantic. Zootaxa, 963, 1 - 22." type="journal article" year="2005">
Campos
<emphasis id="B9756D147777FF8CFDB0A6FD921AFA31" box="[563,615,1429,1451]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">et al.</emphasis>
2005
</bibRefCitation>
: 8, figs 5A–D; Muricy
<emphasis id="B9756D147777FF8CFC11A6FD93B8FA31" box="[914,965,1429,1451]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">et al.</emphasis>
2011: 105 (with further
<collectingRegion id="49C57FE47777FF8CFB43A6FE9576FA31" box="[1216,1291,1429,1451]" country="Sri Lanka" name="Central" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Central</collectingRegion>
<collectingRegion id="49C57FE47777FF8CFA91A6FD9539FA31" box="[1298,1348,1430,1451]" country="Tanzania" name="Mjini Magharibi" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">West</collectingRegion>
Atlantic records).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBEB1067777FF8CFF14A6B99314FA72" blockId="32.[151,1436,1337,1543]" box="[151,873,1490,1512]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1196287777FF8CFF14A6B99314FA72" box="[151,873,1490,1512]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA857777FF8CFF14A6B99137FA72" ID-CoL="6RZFB" box="[151,330,1490,1512]" class="Demospongiae" family="Niphatidae" genus="Niphates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="digitalis">
<emphasis id="B9756D147777FF8CFF14A6B99137FA72" box="[151,330,1490,1512]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Niphates digitalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
forma
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA857777FF8CFE10A6B99294FA72" authority="Wiedenmayer, 1977: 98" authorityName="Wiedenmayer" authorityPageNumber="98" authorityYear="1977" box="[403,745,1490,1512]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Topsentia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="amorpha">
<emphasis id="B9756D147777FF8CFE10A6B99192FA72" box="[403,495,1490,1512]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">amorpha</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AA097177777FF8CFE77A6B99294FA72" author="Wiedenmayer" box="[500,745,1490,1512]" page="98" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" year="1977">
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF77777FF8CFE77A6B992BEFA72" author="Wiedenmayer" box="[500,707,1490,1512]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refString="Wiedenmayer, F. (1977) Shallow-water sponges of the western Bahamas. Experientia Supplementum, 28, 1 - 287." type="journal article" year="1977">Wiedenmayer, 1977</bibRefCitation>
: 98
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, pl. 19 fig. 4
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBEB1067777FF8CFF14A69A92DAF99D" blockId="32.[151,1436,1337,1543]" box="[151,679,1521,1543]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1196287777FF8CFF14A69A92DAF99D" box="[151,679,1521,1543]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA857777FF8CFF14A69A925BF99D" ID-CoL="73ZFF" authority="Van Soest, 1980: 39" authorityName="Van Soest" authorityPageNumber="39" authorityYear="1980" box="[151,550,1521,1543]" class="Demospongiae" family="Niphatidae" genus="Niphates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="amorpha">
<emphasis id="B9756D147777FF8CFF14A69A912EF99D" box="[151,339,1521,1543]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Niphates amorpha</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AA097177777FF8CFEDAA699925BF99D" author="Van" box="[345,550,1521,1543]" page="39" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" year="1980">
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF77777FF8CFEDAA699927CF99D" author="Van" box="[345,513,1521,1543]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refString="Van Soest, R. W. M. (1980) Marine sponges from Curacao and other Caribbean localities. Part II. Haplosclerida. In: Hummelinck, P. W. &amp; Van der Steen, L. J. (Eds.), Uitgaven van de Natuurwetenschappelijke Studiekring voor Suriname en de Nederlandse Antillen. No. 104. Studies on the Fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands, 62 (191), 1 - 173. Avaliable from: http: // www. repository. naturalis. nl / document / 550028 (Accessed 11 Jan. 2017)" type="journal article" year="1980">Van Soest, 1980</bibRefCitation>
: 39
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, pl. VI fig.3.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31BE28D7777FF8CFF14A55F9480F89A" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BBEB1067777FF8CFF14A55F9480F89A" blockId="32.[151,1436,1588,2009]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<materialsCitation id="3B69BB5B7777FF8CFF14A55F931FF9EA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1424726445" collectingDate="1966-05-07" collectionCode="RMNH" collectorName="Snellius O. C. P. S. &amp; Van Veen" country="Suriname" elevation="34" latitude="6.4417" location="Material" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-56.5467" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis id="B9756D147777FF8CFF14A55F91F8F9D7" bold="true" box="[151,389,1588,1613]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<location id="8EDEE7DD7777FF8CFF14A55F9082F9D7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A800107777FF8EFF14A7A59327FD1F:8EDEE7DD7777FF8CFF14A55F9082F9D7" box="[151,255,1588,1613]" country="Suriname" latitude="6.4417" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-56.5467" name="Material" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Material</location>
examined.
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="ED1029C37777FF8CFE11A55E919BF9D6" box="[402,486,1589,1612]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">RMNH</collectionCode>
Por. 9864,
<collectingCountry id="F316F1967777FF8CFDF5A55F9299F9D7" box="[630,740,1588,1613]" name="Suriname" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Suriname</collectingCountry>
, ‘
<collectorName id="26F4D4D07777FF8CFD7AA55F93B5F9D6" box="[761,968,1588,1613]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Snellius O.C.P.S.</collectorName>
’
<collectingCountry id="F316F1967777FF8CFC5AA55F944DF9D6" box="[985,1072,1588,1612]" name="Guyana" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Guyana</collectingCountry>
Shelf Expedition, station F45,
<geoCoordinate id="EE35D7C17777FF8CFF14A53C9179F9EA" box="[151,260,1623,1648]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" precision="5" value="6.4417">6.4417°N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE35D7C17777FF8CFE88A53C91F6F9EA" box="[267,395,1623,1648]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" precision="5" value="-56.5467">56.5467°W</geoCoordinate>
, depth
<quantity id="4CF91CE37777FF8CFE5EA5339265F9F5" box="[477,536,1624,1648]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="m" value="34.0">
<elevation id="002C56357777FF8CFE5EA5339265F9F5" box="[477,536,1624,1648]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="m" value="34.0">34 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<collectorName id="26F4D4D07777FF8CFDA7A53392F2F9F5" box="[548,655,1624,1647]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Van Veen</collectorName>
grab,
<date id="FFBF97C67777FF8CFD54A533931FF9EA" box="[727,866,1623,1648]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" value="1966-05-07">
<collectingDate id="EFFB6E2E7777FF8CFD54A533931FF9EA" box="[727,866,1623,1648]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" value="1966-05-07">7 May 1966</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B69BB5B7777FF8CFCEDA5339157F922" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1424726440" collectingDate="1966-05-07" collectionCode="RMNH" collectorName="Snellius O. C. P. S." country="Suriname" elevation="64" latitude="7.28" location="Suriname" longLatPrecision="555" longitude="-56.7933" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="ED1029C37777FF8CFCEDA53393BFF9F5" box="[878,962,1624,1647]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">RMNH</collectionCode>
Por. 9877, 9887, 9895, 9902, 9905, 9912,
<collectingCountry id="F316F1967777FF8CFF14A5179178F90F" box="[151,261,1660,1685]" name="Suriname" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Suriname</collectingCountry>
, ‘
<collectorName id="26F4D4D07777FF8CFE96A51791A2F90E" box="[277,479,1660,1685]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Snellius O.C.P.S.</collectorName>
’
<collectingCountry id="F316F1967777FF8CFE6FA517923EF90E" box="[492,579,1660,1684]" name="Guyana" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Guyana</collectingCountry>
Shelf Expedition, station G7,
<geoCoordinate id="EE35D7C17777FF8CFC1AA5179394F90E" box="[921,1001,1660,1684]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" precision="555" value="7.28">7.28°N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE35D7C17777FF8CFC72A517940CF90F" box="[1009,1137,1660,1685]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" precision="5" value="-56.7933">56.7933°W</geoCoordinate>
, depth
<quantity id="4CF91CE37777FF8CFB40A5179482F90E" box="[1219,1279,1660,1685]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="m" value="64.0">
<elevation id="002C56357777FF8CFB40A5179482F90E" box="[1219,1279,1660,1685]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="m" value="64.0">64 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, bottom sand,
<date id="FFBF97C67777FF8CFF14A5CB9157F922" box="[151,298,1695,1720]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" value="1966-05-07">
<collectingDate id="EFFB6E2E7777FF8CFF14A5CB9157F922" box="[151,298,1695,1720]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" value="1966-05-07">7 May 1966</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B69BB5B7777FF8CFEBAA5CB9320F947" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1424726424" collectingDate="1966-05-11" collectionCode="RMNH" collectorName="Snellius O. C. P. S." country="Guyana" elevation="68" latitude="7.4233" location="Guyana" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-56.9067" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="ED1029C37777FF8CFEBAA5CB91F0F92D" box="[313,397,1696,1719]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">RMNH</collectionCode>
Por. 9890,
<collectingCountry id="F316F1967777FF8CFD9AA5CB920EF922" box="[537,627,1696,1720]" name="Guyana" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Guyana</collectingCountry>
, ‘
<collectorName id="26F4D4D07777FF8CFD05A5F4932EF922" box="[646,851,1695,1720]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Snellius O.C.P.S.</collectorName>
’
<collectingCountry id="F316F1967777FF8CFCE0A5CB93C7F922" box="[867,954,1696,1720]" name="Guyana" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Guyana</collectingCountry>
Shelf Expedition, station H58,
<geoCoordinate id="EE35D7C17777FF8CFAB3A5CB95E1F922" box="[1328,1436,1696,1720]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" precision="5" value="7.4233">7.4233°N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE35D7C17777FF8CFF14A5AF916AF947" box="[151,279,1732,1757]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" precision="5" value="-56.9067">56.9067°W</geoCoordinate>
, depth
<quantity id="4CF91CE37777FF8CFEE9A5AF91B2F946" box="[362,463,1732,1757]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.75" metricValueMax="6.9" metricValueMin="6.6" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="m" value="67.5" valueMax="69.0" valueMin="66.0">
<elevation id="002C56357777FF8CFEE9A5AF91B2F946" box="[362,463,1732,1757]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.75" metricValueMax="6.9" metricValueMin="6.6" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="m" value="67.5" valueMax="69.0" valueMin="66.0">66–69 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, bottom coarse sand,
<date id="FFBF97C67777FF8CFD47A5AF9320F947" box="[708,861,1732,1757]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" value="1966-05-11">
<collectingDate id="EFFB6E2E7777FF8CFD47A5AF9320F947" box="[708,861,1732,1757]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" value="1966-05-11">11 May 1966</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B69BB5B7777FF8CFCE9A5AE9484F89A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1424726431" collectingDate="1966-05-07" collectionCode="RMNH" collectorName="Snellius O. C. P. S." country="Suriname" elevation="27" latitude="6.312" location="Suriname" longLatPrecision="555" longitude="-56.57" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="ED1029C37777FF8CFCE9A5AE93C3F946" box="[874,958,1733,1756]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">RMNH</collectionCode>
Por. 10506,
<collectingCountry id="F316F1967777FF8CFBCCA5AF94C0F947" box="[1103,1213,1732,1757]" name="Suriname" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Suriname</collectingCountry>
, ‘
<collectorName id="26F4D4D07777FF8CFB4EA5AF95EAF946" box="[1229,1431,1732,1757]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Snellius O.C.P.S.</collectorName>
’
<collectingCountry id="F316F1967777FF8CFF14A5839093F89A" box="[151,238,1768,1792]" name="Guyana" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Guyana</collectingCountry>
Shelf Expedition, station F46,
<geoCoordinate id="EE35D7C17777FF8CFDC8A58C92D7F89A" box="[587,682,1767,1792]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" precision="55" value="6.312">6.312°N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE35D7C17777FF8CFD33A58C936BF89A" box="[688,790,1767,1792]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" precision="555" value="-56.57">56.57°W</geoCoordinate>
, depth
<quantity id="4CF91CE37777FF8CFCE5A58C93B6F965" box="[870,971,1767,1792]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" metricValueMax="2.9" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="m" value="27.0" valueMax="29.0" valueMin="25.0">
<elevation id="002C56357777FF8CFCE5A58C93B6F965" box="[870,971,1767,1792]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" metricValueMax="2.9" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="m" value="27.0" valueMax="29.0" valueMin="25.0">25–29 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, bottom sand,
<date id="FFBF97C67777FF8CFBEDA5839484F89A" box="[1134,1273,1767,1792]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" value="1966-05-07">
<collectingDate id="EFFB6E2E7777FF8CFBEDA5839484F89A" box="[1134,1273,1767,1792]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" value="1966-05-07">7 May 1966</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31BE28D7777FF8DFF44A46791A4F896" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BBEB1067777FF8CFF44A46792F4F80A" blockId="32.[151,1436,1588,2009]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="B9756D147777FF8CFF44A4679124F8BF" bold="true" box="[199,345,1804,1829]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Description.</emphasis>
More than a dozen short erect branches (
<figureCitation id="133AAD837777FF8CFCB5A46793F1F8BE" box="[822,908,1804,1829]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1620,1642]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,373,1599]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[151,1436,373,1599]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 20. Niphates erecta Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti, 1864, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9895 (scale bar = 1 cm), a 1, of RMNH Por. 9877 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of cross section of peripheral skeleton of RMNH Por. 9905, c – d, SEM images of spicules, c, oxeas, d, sigma." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272971/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
a,a1) with irregular outline, up to about
<quantity id="4CF91CE37777FF8CFAD6A46795E1F8BE" box="[1365,1436,1804,1828]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="cm" value="10.0">10 cm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="4CF91CE37777FF8CFF58A45B914EF8DD" box="[219,307,1840,1864]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="cm" value="3.0" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.0">2–4 cm</quantity>
in diameter. Color in alcohol red-brown. Flush or slightly raised oscules,
<quantity id="4CF91CE37777FF8CFB25A45B9575F8DD" box="[1190,1288,1840,1864]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3 mm</quantity>
in diameter, scattered over the uneven punctate or irregularly conulose surface. Some branches have large numbers of zoanthids. Consistency firmly compressible.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBEB1067777FF8DFF44A4F795E0FF4F" blockId="32.[151,1436,1588,2009]" lastBlockId="33.[151,1437,151,320]" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="B9756D147777FF8CFF44A4F79148F82F" bold="true" box="[199,309,1948,1973]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Skeleton.</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="133AAD837777FF8CFEC7A4F791EBF82F" box="[324,406,1948,1973]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1620,1642]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,373,1599]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[151,1436,373,1599]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 20. Niphates erecta Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti, 1864, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9895 (scale bar = 1 cm), a 1, of RMNH Por. 9877 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of cross section of peripheral skeleton of RMNH Por. 9905, c – d, SEM images of spicules, c, oxeas, d, sigma." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272971/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
b) The ectosomal skeleton is an irregular three-dimensional reticulation of spongin-encased spicule tracts that form brushes fanning out over the surface, forming meshes of 200–300 µm diameter. The choanosomal reticulation is formed by thick spicule tracts, 90–120 µm in diameter (7–15 spicules in cross section) connected by thinner cross tracts, making irregular squarish meshes of 300–500 µm diameter. Many loose spicules.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBEB1067776FF8DFF44A3B490B9FEDA" blockId="33.[151,1437,151,320]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="B9756D147776FF8DFF44A3B49154FF62" bold="true" box="[199,297,223,248]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Spicules</emphasis>
. (
<figureCitation id="133AAD837776FF8DFEBDA3B491E9FF62" box="[318,404,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1620,1642]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,373,1599]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[151,1436,373,1599]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 20. Niphates erecta Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti, 1864, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9895 (scale bar = 1 cm), a 1, of RMNH Por. 9877 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of cross section of peripheral skeleton of RMNH Por. 9905, c – d, SEM images of spicules, c, oxeas, d, sigma." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272971/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Figs 20</figureCitation>
c–d) Oxeas and sigmas, the latter not found or rare in many specimens. Oxeas (
<figureCitation id="133AAD837776FF8DFF6FA26F9142FE86" box="[236,319,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1620,1642]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,373,1599]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[151,1436,373,1599]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 20. Niphates erecta Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti, 1864, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9895 (scale bar = 1 cm), a 1, of RMNH Por. 9877 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of cross section of peripheral skeleton of RMNH Por. 9905, c – d, SEM images of spicules, c, oxeas, d, sigma." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272971/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
c), robust, curved, length and thickness subject to considerable variation, 213–
<emphasis id="B9756D147776FF8DFB24A26F94ACFE86" box="[1191,1233,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">251</emphasis>
–288
<date id="FFBF97C67776FF8DFA93A26E954FFE86" box="[1296,1330,261,284]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">x 7</date>
–
<emphasis id="B9756D147776FF8DFAC2A26F950FFE86" box="[1345,1394,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">13.1</emphasis>
–19 µm.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7EE18E7776FF8DFF14A53F92F8F93D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272971/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" targetBox="[151,1436,373,1599]" targetPageId="33">
<paragraph id="8BBEB1067776FF8DFF14A53F92F8F93D" blockId="33.[151,1436,1620,1703]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="B9756D147776FF8DFF14A53F9161F9F3" bold="true" box="[151,284,1620,1642]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">FIGURE 20</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA857776FF8DFEAFA53F9353F9F0" authority="Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti, 1864" authorityName="Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti" authorityYear="1864" box="[300,814,1620,1642]" class="Demospongiae" family="Niphatidae" genus="Niphates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="erecta">
<emphasis id="B9756D147776FF8DFEAFA53F91B3F9F0" box="[300,462,1620,1642]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Niphates erecta</emphasis>
Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti, 1864
</taxonomicName>
, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9895 (scale bar = 1 cm), a1, of RMNH Por. 9877 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of cross section of peripheral skeleton of RMNH Por. 9905, c–d, SEM images of spicules, c, oxeas, d, sigma.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BBEB1067776FF8DFF44A5A591A4F896" blockId="33.[151,1437,1742,2020]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
Sigmas (
<figureCitation id="133AAD837776FF8DFEB2A5A591F0F97D" box="[305,397,1742,1767]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1620,1642]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,373,1599]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[151,1436,373,1599]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 20. Niphates erecta Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti, 1864, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9895 (scale bar = 1 cm), a 1, of RMNH Por. 9877 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of cross section of peripheral skeleton of RMNH Por. 9905, c – d, SEM images of spicules, c, oxeas, d, sigma." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272971/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
d), if present, rather elongated, often provided with a faint central tyle, occasionally malformed, 14–
<emphasis id="B9756D147776FF8DFEC9A5989106F896" box="[330,379,1779,1804]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">15.6</emphasis>
–18 µm.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31BE28D7776FF8DFF44A47D9291F8C9" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BBEB1067776FF8DFF44A47D9291F8C9" blockId="33.[151,1437,1742,2020]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="B9756D147776FF8DFF44A47D9181F8B5" bold="true" box="[199,508,1814,1839]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Distribution and ecology.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F316F1967776FF8DFD84A47C9223F8B5" box="[519,606,1815,1839]" name="Guyana" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Guyana</collectingCountry>
Shelf, Greater Caribbean, NE
<collectingCountry id="F316F1967776FF8DFC4DA47D9468F8B5" box="[974,1045,1814,1839]" name="Brazil" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, on reefs and on soft bottoms in deeper water down to
<quantity id="4CF91CE37776FF8DFE13A45091B4F8C9" box="[400,457,1851,1875]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.4" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="m" value="94.0">94 m</quantity>
(
<collectingCountry id="F316F1967776FF8DFE54A450924DF8C9" box="[471,560,1851,1875]" name="Guyana" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Guyana</collectingCountry>
Shelf
<quantity id="4CF91CE37776FF8DFDFAA450929DF8C9" box="[633,736,1851,1876]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.7" metricValueMax="6.9" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="m" value="47.0" valueMax="69.0" valueMin="25.0">25–69 m</quantity>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31BE28D7776FF8EFF44A4359327FD1F" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BBEB1067776FF8EFF44A43591B0FDA7" blockId="33.[151,1437,1742,2020]" lastBlockId="34.[151,1437,151,645]" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="B9756D147776FF8DFF44A4359146F8ED" bold="true" box="[199,315,1886,1911]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Remarks.</emphasis>
This is a common species all over the
<collectingRegion id="49C57FE47776FF8DFC8EA435931DF8ED" box="[781,864,1886,1911]" country="Sri Lanka" name="Central" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Central</collectingRegion>
<collectingRegion id="49C57FE47776FF8DFCEAA40B93DDF8ED" box="[873,928,1888,1911]" country="Tanzania" name="Mjini Magharibi" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">West</collectingRegion>
Atlantic, showing considerable variation in spicule sizes and shapes, no doubt because of the wide ecogeographic range of the species. The
<collectingCountry id="F316F1967776FF8DFA83A4E8952AF801" box="[1280,1367,1923,1947]" name="Guyana" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Guyana</collectingCountry>
Shelf specimens stand out by their robust oxeas, which is shared by specimens from the Colombian Caribbean (
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF77776FF8DFAF2A4CC90AFF879" author="Zea" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" refString="Zea, S. (1987) Esponjas del Caribe Colombiano. Catalogo Cientific, Bogot, Colombia, 286 pp." type="book" year="1987">Zea 1987</bibRefCitation>
), but only seldom reported from other regions. Some of the records may concern encrusting specimens, usually understood as
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA857775FF8EFE17A3FC9219FF2A" box="[404,612,151,176]" class="Demospongiae" family="Niphatidae" genus="Niphates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="amorpha">
<emphasis id="B9756D147775FF8EFE17A3FC9219FF2A" box="[404,612,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Niphates amorpha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF77775FF8EFDF0A3FC931FFF2A" author="Wiedenmayer" box="[627,866,151,176]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refString="Wiedenmayer, F. (1977) Shallow-water sponges of the western Bahamas. Experientia Supplementum, 28, 1 - 287." type="journal article" year="1977">Wiedenmayer (1977)</bibRefCitation>
(p. 98) erected the forma
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA857775FF8EFB0FA3FC948CFF2A" box="[1164,1265,151,176]" class="Demospongiae" family="Niphatidae" genus="Niphates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="amorpha">
<emphasis id="B9756D147775FF8EFB0FA3FC948CFF2A" box="[1164,1265,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">amorpha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which falls as an infrasubspecific taxon outside the ruling of the ICZN as it was proposed after 1961 (see ICZN art.15.2). When
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF77775FF8EFF14A38B9129FF62" author="Van" box="[151,340,224,248]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refString="Van Soest, R. W. M. (1980) Marine sponges from Curacao and other Caribbean localities. Part II. Haplosclerida. In: Hummelinck, P. W. &amp; Van der Steen, L. J. (Eds.), Uitgaven van de Natuurwetenschappelijke Studiekring voor Suriname en de Nederlandse Antillen. No. 104. Studies on the Fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands, 62 (191), 1 - 173. Avaliable from: http: // www. repository. naturalis. nl / document / 550028 (Accessed 11 Jan. 2017)" type="journal article" year="1980">
Van
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF77775FF8EFF49A38B9129FF62" author="Soest" box="[202,340,224,248]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refString="Van Soest, R. W. M. (1980) Marine sponges from Curacao and other Caribbean localities. Part II. Haplosclerida. In: Hummelinck, P. W. &amp; Van der Steen, L. J. (Eds.), Uitgaven van de Natuurwetenschappelijke Studiekring voor Suriname en de Nederlandse Antillen. No. 104. Studies on the Fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands, 62 (191), 1 - 173. Avaliable from: http: // www. repository. naturalis. nl / document / 550028 (Accessed 11 Jan. 2017)" type="journal article" year="1980">Soest (1980</bibRefCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
: 39) decided to elevate the forma
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA857775FF8EFD56A3B49347FF62" box="[725,826,223,248]" class="Demospongiae" family="Niphatidae" genus="Niphates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="amorpha">
<emphasis id="B9756D147775FF8EFD56A3B49347FF62" box="[725,826,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">amorpha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to species rank, he unintentionally became the author of the name, despite the fact that no (holo)
<typeStatus id="54BA0FA47775FF8EFDF8A26F92D0FE87" box="[635,685,260,285]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">type</typeStatus>
was elected. The necessity to do so became mandatory only from 1999. The taxon, although first erected by
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF77775FF8EFDF7A24C9319FEDA" author="Wiedenmayer" box="[628,868,295,320]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refString="Wiedenmayer, F. (1977) Shallow-water sponges of the western Bahamas. Experientia Supplementum, 28, 1 - 287." type="journal article" year="1977">Wiedenmayer (1977)</bibRefCitation>
, thus changed authorship to Van Soest. The matter of the
<typeStatus id="54BA0FA47775FF8EFF66A2269168FEFF" box="[229,277,333,357]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">type</typeStatus>
material was proposed to be settled in the World Porifera Database (
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF77775FF8EFBC3A227953CFEFF" author="Van" box="[1088,1345,332,357]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refString="Van Soest, R. W. M., Boury-Esnault, N., Hooper, J. N. A., Rutzler, K., de Voogd, N. J., Alvarez de Glasby, B., Hajdu, E., Pisera, A. B., Manconi, R., Schoenberg, C., Janussen, D., Tabachnick, K. R., Klautau, M., Picton, B., Kelly, M., Vacelet, J., Dohrmann, M., Diaz, M. C., Cardenas, P. &amp; Carballo, J. L. (2016) World Porifera database. Avaliable from: http: // www. marinespecies. org / porifera on 2016 - 05 - 21 (Accessed 11 Jan. 2017)" type="journal article" year="2016">
Van Soest
<emphasis id="B9756D147775FF8EFB3CA2269486FEFF" box="[1215,1275,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">et al.</emphasis>
2016
</bibRefCitation>
), as the collections of the Smithsonian Institution's retained four specimens from Wiedenmayer's work only one of which was preserved in alcohol. The specimen, USNM 30331, has the field number B834, cited as one of four specimens by
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF77775FF8EFF3EA2DC91D3FE4A" author="Wiedenmayer" box="[189,430,439,464]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refString="Wiedenmayer, F. (1977) Shallow-water sponges of the western Bahamas. Experientia Supplementum, 28, 1 - 287." type="journal article" year="1977">Wiedenmayer (1977)</bibRefCitation>
(p. 99). Assuming that Van Soest’s treatment of
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA857775FF8EFC6DA2D2940AFE4A" box="[1006,1143,439,464]" class="Demospongiae" family="Niphatidae" genus="Niphates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="amorpha">
<emphasis id="B9756D147775FF8EFC6DA2D2940AFE4A" box="[1006,1143,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">N. amorpha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
included Wiedenmayer’s material, it is proposed to elect USNM 30331 as the
<typeStatus id="54BA0FA47775FF8EFD5DA2B79338FE6F" box="[734,837,476,501]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA857775FF8EFCEAA2B79445FE6F" box="[873,1080,476,501]" class="Demospongiae" family="Niphatidae" genus="Niphates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="amorpha">
<emphasis id="B9756D147775FF8EFCEAA2B79445FE6F" box="[873,1080,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Niphates amorpha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, many authors do not distinguish this as distinct from
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA857775FF8EFD8FA16A9208FD82" box="[524,629,513,536]" class="Demospongiae" family="Niphatidae" genus="Niphates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="erecta">
<emphasis id="B9756D147775FF8EFD8FA16A9208FD82" box="[524,629,513,536]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">N. erecta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and I now concur with that by formally assigning
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA857775FF8EFB53A16A9524FD82" box="[1232,1369,511,536]" class="Demospongiae" family="Niphatidae" genus="Niphates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="amorpha">
<emphasis id="B9756D147775FF8EFB53A16A9524FD82" box="[1232,1369,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">N. amorpha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA857775FF8EFA01A16A90A1FDA6" class="Demospongiae" family="Niphatidae" genus="Niphates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="erecta">
<emphasis id="B9756D147775FF8EFA01A16A90A1FDA6" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">N. erecta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a junior synonym.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBEB1067775FF8EFF44A12C9327FD1F" blockId="34.[151,1437,151,645]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
Sigmas were present in six of the ten samples collected on the
<collectingCountry id="F316F1967775FF8EFC14A1239393FDFA" box="[919,1006,584,608]" name="Guyana" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Guyana</collectingCountry>
Shelf, a high proportion compared to Hechtel’s (1965) (
<quantity id="4CF91CE37775FF8EFEE7A10791F0FD1F" box="[356,397,620,645]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
6) and Van Soest’s (1980) (
<quantity id="4CF91CE37775FF8EFD45A107928CFD1F" box="[710,753,620,645]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" unit="in" value="5.0">5 in</quantity>
22) data.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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