175 lines
14 KiB
XML
175 lines
14 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.272951" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e2c88f4c-3ac2-45f9-95e4-99b75561a081" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="272951" ID-ZooBank="6D68A019-6F63-4AA4-A8B3-92D351F1F69B" checkinTime="1484409208030" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Van, Rob W. M." docDate="2017" docId="03A800107763FF98FF14A02A9496F9B2" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4217.1.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1" docStyle="DocumentStylede.uka.ipd.idaho.easyIO.settings.Settings@5ce3343f" docStyleName="zootaxa.2013.monograph" docTitle="Halicnemia" docType="treatment" docVersion="19" lastPageNumber="53" masterDocId="FF9178687757FFACFF83A36B907DFF9A" masterDocTitle="Sponges of the Guyana Shelf" masterLastPageNumber="225" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="53" updateTime="1645784257244" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Sponges of the Guyana Shelf</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Van, Rob W. M.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>1</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>225</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.272951</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">e2c88f4c-3ac2-45f9-95e4-99b75561a081</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">272951</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">6D68A019-6F63-4AA4-A8B3-92D351F1F69B</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5698602" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127419816" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5698602" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A800107763FF98FF14A02A9496F9B2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A800107763FF98FF14A02A9496F9B2" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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<subSubSection pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="52.[151,335,833,893]" box="[151,335,833,859]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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<heading bold="true" box="[151,335,833,859]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" reason="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,335,833,859]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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<taxonomicName box="[151,293,833,859]" class="Demospongiae" family="Heteroxyidae" genus="Halicnemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,293,833,859]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Halicnemia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp.
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="52.[151,335,833,893]" box="[151,309,868,893]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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<figureCitation box="[151,270,868,893]" captionStart="FIGURE 34" captionStartId="53.[151,250,1948,1970]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,661,1926]" captionTargetId="figure@53.[151,1436,661,1926]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURE 34. Halicnemia sp., a – c, SEM images of spicules, a, tylostyle, a 1, detail of a, b, tornote, b 1, detail of b, c, acanthoxeas." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272985/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Figures 34</figureCitation>
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a–c
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="52.[151,1437,940,1576]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1424726413" collectingDate="1966-04-27" collectionCode="RMNH" collectorName="Snellius O. C. P. S. & Van Veen" country="Suriname" elevation="100" latitude="7.297" location="Material" longLatPrecision="55" longitude="-55.3883" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" specimenCount="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,387,940,965]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A800107763FF98FF14A02A9496F9B2:8EDEE7DD7763FF98FF14A0C79082FC5F" box="[151,255,940,965]" country="Suriname" latitude="7.297" longLatPrecision="55" longitude="-55.3883" name="Material" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Material</location>
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examined.
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</emphasis>
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<collectionCode box="[396,480,941,964]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">RMNH</collectionCode>
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Por. ex 9973 (slide only),
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<collectingCountry box="[793,903,940,965]" name="Suriname" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Suriname</collectingCountry>
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, ‘
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<collectorName box="[922,1126,940,965]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Snellius O.C.P.S.</collectorName>
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’
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<collectingCountry box="[1141,1228,940,964]" name="Guyana" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Guyana</collectingCountry>
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Shelf Expedition, station B23A,
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<geoCoordinate box="[313,408,976,1000]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" precision="55" value="7.297">7.297°N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate box="[415,543,975,1000]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" precision="5" value="-55.3883">55.3883°W</geoCoordinate>
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, depth
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<quantity box="[624,739,976,1000]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.01" metricValueMin="0.99" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="m" value="100.0" valueMax="101.0" valueMin="99.0">
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<elevation box="[624,739,976,1000]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.01" metricValueMin="0.99" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="m" value="100.0" valueMax="101.0" valueMin="99.0">99–101 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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,
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<collectorName box="[751,857,976,999]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Van Veen</collectorName>
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grab,
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<date box="[928,1088,975,1000]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="1966-04-27">
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<collectingDate box="[928,1088,975,1000]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="1966-04-27">27 April 1966</collectingDate>
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</date>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="52.[151,1437,940,1576]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,345,1012,1037]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Description.</emphasis>
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Encrusting, hispid. The tiny specimen was so small that no material was left after light microscopic and SEM slides had been made.
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<collectingRegion box="[659,693,1048,1071]" country="Haiti" name="Nord" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">No</collectingRegion>
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further material of this species was found after a careful search.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="52.[151,1437,940,1576]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,309,1084,1109]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Skeleton.</emphasis>
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<collectingRegion box="[317,351,1085,1108]" country="Haiti" name="Nord" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">No</collectingRegion>
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details can be provided, but presumably the megascleres were arranged perpendicularly on the substratum, with acanthoxeas scattered in the near-substratum part of the sponge.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="52.[151,1437,940,1576]" box="[199,836,1156,1181]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,304,1156,1181]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Spicules.</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation box="[319,404,1156,1181]" captionStart="FIGURE 34" captionStartId="53.[151,250,1948,1970]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,661,1926]" captionTargetId="figure@53.[151,1436,661,1926]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURE 34. Halicnemia sp., a – c, SEM images of spicules, a, tylostyle, a 1, detail of a, b, tornote, b 1, detail of b, c, acanthoxeas." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272985/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Figs 34</figureCitation>
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a–c) Tylostyles, tornotes, acanthoxeas.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="52.[151,1437,940,1576]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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Tylostyles (
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<figureCitation box="[329,420,1191,1216]" captionStart="FIGURE 34" captionStartId="53.[151,250,1948,1970]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,661,1926]" captionTargetId="figure@53.[151,1436,661,1926]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURE 34. Halicnemia sp., a – c, SEM images of spicules, a, tylostyle, a 1, detail of a, b, tornote, b 1, detail of b, c, acanthoxeas." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272985/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Figs 34</figureCitation>
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a,a1) long straight, except near the tyles where a slight gradual bend may be present, with prominent globular heads,
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<date box="[451,577,1228,1252]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="1344" valueMax="1843">
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1344–
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<emphasis box="[521,577,1228,1252]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">1843</emphasis>
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</date>
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–
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<date box="[591,701,1228,1253]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="2286-10-15">2286 x 15</date>
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–
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<emphasis box="[717,766,1228,1252]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">19.3</emphasis>
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–28 µm.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="52.[151,1437,940,1576]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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Tornotes (
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<figureCitation box="[311,400,1263,1288]" captionStart="FIGURE 34" captionStartId="53.[151,250,1948,1970]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,661,1926]" captionTargetId="figure@53.[151,1436,661,1926]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURE 34. Halicnemia sp., a – c, SEM images of spicules, a, tylostyle, a 1, detail of a, b, tornote, b 1, detail of b, c, acanthoxeas." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272985/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Figs 34</figureCitation>
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b,b1) with a peculiar twisted bend in the middle, occasionally with an additional central tyle, 663–
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<date box="[207,333,1300,1325]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="1009" valueMax="1236">
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<emphasis box="[207,263,1300,1324]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">1009</emphasis>
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–1236
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</date>
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x 8.5–
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<emphasis box="[410,459,1300,1324]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">12.5</emphasis>
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–15 µm.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="52.[151,1437,940,1576]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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Acanthoxeas (
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<figureCitation box="[358,446,1335,1360]" captionStart="FIGURE 34" captionStartId="53.[151,250,1948,1970]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,661,1926]" captionTargetId="figure@53.[151,1436,661,1926]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURE 34. Halicnemia sp., a – c, SEM images of spicules, a, tylostyle, a 1, detail of a, b, tornote, b 1, detail of b, c, acanthoxeas." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272985/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Figs 34</figureCitation>
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c), curved gradually or more often with angular bend in the middle, provided with strong conical spines, 78–
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<emphasis box="[364,392,1372,1396]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">91</emphasis>
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–
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<date box="[407,456,1372,1396]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="1997-10">97 x</date>
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5.5–
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<emphasis box="[512,547,1372,1396]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">7.4</emphasis>
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–10 µm.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[199,1098,1407,1432]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="distribution">
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<paragraph blockId="52.[151,1437,940,1576]" box="[199,1098,1407,1432]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,498,1407,1432]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Distribution and ecology.</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry box="[505,592,1408,1432]" name="Guyana" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Guyana</collectingCountry>
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Shelf, sandy bottom, at around
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<quantity box="[950,1021,1408,1432]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</quantity>
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depth.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="52.[151,1437,940,1576]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,315,1444,1469]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Remarks.</emphasis>
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This is the first record of the genus
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<taxonomicName box="[722,853,1444,1469]" class="Demospongiae" family="Heteroxyidae" genus="Halicnemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[722,853,1444,1469]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Halicnemia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in the
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<collectingRegion box="[930,1021,1445,1468]" country="Sri Lanka" name="Western" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Western</collectingRegion>
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Atlantic. The genus has a chequered distribution in the Northwest Atlantic,
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<collectingRegion box="[591,682,1480,1503]" country="Sri Lanka" name="Western" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Western</collectingRegion>
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Indian Ocean and
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<collectingRegion box="[900,965,1479,1504]" country="Tanzania" name="Kusini Unguja" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">South</collectingRegion>
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East Pacific (
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<bibRefCitation author="Van" box="[1123,1373,1479,1504]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" refString="Van Soest, R. W. M., Boury-Esnault, N., Hooper, J. N. A., Rutzler, K., de Voogd, N. J., Alvarez de Glasby, B., Hajdu, E., Pisera, A. B., Manconi, R., Schoenberg, C., Janussen, D., Tabachnick, K. R., Klautau, M., Picton, B., Kelly, M., Vacelet, J., Dohrmann, M., Diaz, M. C., Cardenas, P. & Carballo, J. L. (2016) World Porifera database. Avaliable from: http: // www. marinespecies. org / porifera on 2016 - 05 - 21 (Accessed 11 Jan. 2017)" type="journal article" year="2016">
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Van Soest
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<emphasis box="[1246,1304,1479,1504]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">et al.</emphasis>
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2016
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</bibRefCitation>
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). The present species stands out among the known species of
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<taxonomicName box="[808,939,1516,1541]" class="Demospongiae" family="Heteroxyidae" genus="Halicnemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[808,939,1516,1541]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Halicnemia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by the twisted bends in the tornotes. It is doubtless an undescribed species, but I refrain from naming it in the absence of a proper specimen.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |