treatments-xml/data/03/A8/00/03A80010771AFFE3FF14A4589220FBE7.xml

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<mods:title>Sponges of the Guyana Shelf</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Van, Rob W. M.</mods:namePart>
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<paragraph blockId="77.[151,953,1843,1902]" box="[151,953,1843,1869]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<heading bold="true" box="[151,953,1843,1869]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" reason="1">
<taxonomicName authority="Wintermann-Kilian &amp; Kilian, 1984" authorityName="Wintermann-Kilian &amp; Kilian" authorityYear="1984" box="[151,953,1843,1869]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stellettinopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="megastylifera">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,953,1843,1869]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,488,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Stellettinopsis megastylifera</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Wintermann-Kilian" box="[502,945,1843,1869]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" refString="Wintermann-Kilian, G. &amp; Kilian, E. F. (1984) Marine sponges of the region of Santa Marta (Colombia). Part II. Homosclerophorida, Choristida, Spirophorida, Hadromerida, Axinellida, Halichondrida, Poecilosclerida. Studies on the Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 19 (3), 121 - 135." type="journal article" year="1984">Wintermann-Kilian &amp; Kilian, 1984</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="77.[151,953,1843,1902]" box="[151,304,1877,1902]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<figureCitation box="[151,270,1877,1902]" captionStart="FIGURE 50" captionStartId="78.[151,250,1581,1603]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,277,1560]" captionTargetId="figure@78.[151,1436,277,1560]" captionTargetPageId="78" captionText="FIGURE 50. Stellettinopsis megastylifera (Wintermann-Kilian &amp; Kilian, 1984), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9931 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – i, SEM images of spicules, b, oxea 1, b 1, detail of one of the apices of b, c, oxea 2, d, style (stylote modification of oxea 1), d 1, detail of the head of d, e, dichotriaene and plagiotriaene-shaped incipient dichotriaene, e 1, cladome of dichotriaene, f, rare broken protriaene, g. acanthomicrohabd, h, oxyaster, i, strongylaster." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273001/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Figures 50</figureCitation>
a–i
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="77.[151,1172,1949,2033]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<taxonomicName authority="Wintermann-Kilian, 1984:122" authorityName="Wintermann-Kilian" authorityPageNumber="122" authorityYear="1984" box="[151,717,1949,1972]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Ecionemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="megastylifera">
<emphasis box="[151,403,1949,1972]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Ecionemia megastylifera</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation author="Wintermann-Kilian" box="[410,717,1949,1971]" page="122" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" year="1984">
<bibRefCitation author="Wintermann-Kilian" box="[410,674,1949,1971]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" refString="Wintermann-Kilian, G. &amp; Kilian, E. F. (1984) Marine sponges of the region of Santa Marta (Colombia). Part II. Homosclerophorida, Choristida, Spirophorida, Hadromerida, Axinellida, Halichondrida, Poecilosclerida. Studies on the Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 19 (3), 121 - 135." type="journal article" year="1984">Wintermann-Kilian, 1984</bibRefCitation>
:122
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, figs 1–2; 
<treatmentCitation ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3499954" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3499954" author="Cardenas" box="[823,1072,1949,1972]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD6D27AA413210FF4B2D78BCD4E8D7" page="12" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" year="2009">
<bibRefCitation author="Cardenas" box="[823,1035,1949,1972]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" refString="Cardenas, P., Menegola, C., Rapp, H. T. &amp; Diaz, M. C. (2009) Morphological description and DNA barcodes of shallow-water Tetractinellida (Porifera: Demospongiae) from Bocas del Toro, Panama, with description of a new species. Zootaxa, 2276, 1 - 39." type="journal article" year="2009">
Cárdenas 
<emphasis box="[924,975,1949,1972]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">et al.</emphasis>
2009
</bibRefCitation>
: 12
</treatmentCitation>
, figs 5–6. 
<taxonomicName authority="Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 67" authorityName="Pulitzer-Finali" authorityPageNumber="67" authorityYear="1986" box="[151,671,1980,2002]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stellettinopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="dominicana">
<emphasis box="[151,418,1980,2002]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Stellettinopsis dominicana</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation author="Pulitzer-Finali" box="[424,671,1980,2002]" page="67" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" year="1986">
<bibRefCitation author="Pulitzer-Finali" box="[424,637,1980,2002]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" refString="Pulitzer-Finali, G. (1986) A collection of West Indian Demospongiae (Porifera). In appendix, a list of the Demospongiae hitherto recorded from the West Indies. Annali del Museo civico di storia naturale Giacomo Doria, 86, 65 - 216." type="journal article" year="1986">Pulitzer-Finali, 1986</bibRefCitation>
: 67
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
figs 1–2.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="77.[151,1172,1949,2033]" box="[151,598,2011,2033]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<treatmentCitationGroup box="[151,598,2011,2033]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<taxonomicName box="[151,389,2011,2033]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Ancorina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="megastylifera">
<emphasis box="[151,389,2011,2033]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Ancorina megastylifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<treatmentCitation author="Alcolado" box="[403,594,2011,2033]" page="56" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" year="2002">
<bibRefCitation author="Alcolado" box="[403,556,2011,2033]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" refString="Alcolado, P. M. (2002) Catalogo de las esponjas de Cuba. Avicennia, 15, 53 - 72." type="journal article" year="2002">Alcolado 2002</bibRefCitation>
: 56
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="78.[151,674,152,235]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
<taxonomicName box="[151,385,152,174]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Ecionemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="dominicana">
<emphasis box="[151,385,152,174]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Ecionemia dominicana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; Rützler 
<emphasis box="[479,531,152,174]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">et al.</emphasis>
2000: table 1. 
<taxonomicName box="[151,259,184,205]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Ecionemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[151,259,184,205]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Ecionemia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. Hajdu 
<emphasis box="[369,420,182,205]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">et al.</emphasis>
2011: 71.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="78.[151,674,152,235]" box="[151,665,213,235]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
<taxonomicName box="[151,436,213,235]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stellettinopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="megastylifera">
<emphasis box="[151,436,213,235]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Stellettinopsis megastylifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; Kelly 
<emphasis box="[512,563,213,235]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">et al.</emphasis>
2012: 31.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273001/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" targetBox="[151,1436,277,1560]" targetPageId="78">
<paragraph blockId="78.[151,1436,1581,1696]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,288,1581,1603]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">FIGURE 50.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authority="Wintermann-Kilian &amp; Kilian, 1984" authorityName="Wintermann-Kilian &amp; Kilian" authorityYear="1984" box="[295,965,1581,1603]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stellettinopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="megastylifera">
<emphasis box="[295,581,1581,1603]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Stellettinopsis megastylifera</emphasis>
(Wintermann-Kilian &amp; Kilian, 1984)
</taxonomicName>
, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9931 (scale bar = 1 cm), b–i, SEM images of spicules, b, oxea 1, b1, detail of one of the apices of b, c, oxea 2, d, style (stylote modification of oxea 1), d1, detail of the head of d, e, dichotriaene and plagiotriaene-shaped incipient dichotriaene, e1, cladome of dichotriaene, f, rare broken protriaene, g. acanthomicrohabd, h, oxyaster, i, strongylaster.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="78.[151,1437,1735,1976]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1424726296" collectingDate="1970-08-31" collectionCode="RMNH" country="Guyana" elevation="71" latitude="7.5833" location="Material" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-57.0667" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,392,1735,1760]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A80010771AFFE3FF14A4589220FBE7:8EDEE7DD7719FFE2FF14A5AC9082F97A" box="[151,255,1735,1760]" country="Guyana" latitude="7.5833" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-57.0667" name="Material" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Material</location>
examined.
</emphasis>
<collectionCode box="[405,489,1736,1759]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">RMNH</collectionCode>
Por. 9931, 
<collectingCountry box="[639,729,1735,1759]" name="Guyana" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Guyana</collectingCountry>
, ‘Luymes’ 
<collectingCountry box="[871,958,1735,1759]" name="Guyana" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Guyana</collectingCountry>
Shelf Expedition, station 63, 
<geoCoordinate box="[1328,1436,1735,1760]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" precision="5" value="7.5833">7.5833°N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[151,279,1771,1796]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" precision="5" value="-57.0667">57.0667°W</geoCoordinate>
, depth 
<quantity box="[360,419,1772,1796]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.1" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" unit="m" value="71.0">
<elevation box="[360,419,1772,1796]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.1" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" unit="m" value="71.0">71 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, sandy bottom, 
<date box="[597,780,1772,1796]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" value="1970-08-31">
<collectingDate box="[597,780,1772,1796]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" value="1970-08-31">31 August 1970</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="79" lastPageNumber="80" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="78.[151,1437,1735,1976]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,345,1807,1832]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Description.</emphasis>
Lumpy-lobate mass (
<figureCitation box="[587,668,1807,1832]" captionStart="FIGURE 50" captionStartId="78.[151,250,1581,1603]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,277,1560]" captionTargetId="figure@78.[151,1436,277,1560]" captionTargetPageId="78" captionText="FIGURE 50. Stellettinopsis megastylifera (Wintermann-Kilian &amp; Kilian, 1984), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9931 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – i, SEM images of spicules, b, oxea 1, b 1, detail of one of the apices of b, c, oxea 2, d, style (stylote modification of oxea 1), d 1, detail of the head of d, e, dichotriaene and plagiotriaene-shaped incipient dichotriaene, e 1, cladome of dichotriaene, f, rare broken protriaene, g. acanthomicrohabd, h, oxyaster, i, strongylaster." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273001/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Fig. 50</figureCitation>
a) of 6.5 x 4.5 
<date box="[830,865,1807,1831]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
x 
<quantity box="[851,865,1807,1831]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" unit="cm" value="4.0">4</quantity>
</date>
cm, color red-brown, with a single oscule of 
<quantity box="[1371,1436,1808,1831]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
diameter surrounded by a darker-colored raised rim. Surface encrusted by shells and barnacles, rough to the touch. Consistency hard.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="78.[151,1437,1735,1976]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,309,1915,1940]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Skeleton.</emphasis>
Cortex consisting of microscleres (asters and microrhabds) carried by the cladomes of dichotriaenes and plagiotriaenes, which are arranged radially. Choanosome more confused.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="79.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,304,151,176]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Spicules.</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation box="[327,420,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 50" captionStartId="78.[151,250,1581,1603]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,277,1560]" captionTargetId="figure@78.[151,1436,277,1560]" captionTargetPageId="78" captionText="FIGURE 50. Stellettinopsis megastylifera (Wintermann-Kilian &amp; Kilian, 1984), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9931 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – i, SEM images of spicules, b, oxea 1, b 1, detail of one of the apices of b, c, oxea 2, d, style (stylote modification of oxea 1), d 1, detail of the head of d, e, dichotriaene and plagiotriaene-shaped incipient dichotriaene, e 1, cladome of dichotriaene, f, rare broken protriaene, g. acanthomicrohabd, h, oxyaster, i, strongylaster." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273001/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Figs 50</figureCitation>
b–i) Oxeas, rare stylote modifications, dichotriaenes, plagiotriaenes, rare protriaenes, acanthoxyasters, acanthostrongylasters.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="79.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
Large oxeas 1, (
<figureCitation box="[390,483,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 50" captionStartId="78.[151,250,1581,1603]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,277,1560]" captionTargetId="figure@78.[151,1436,277,1560]" captionTargetPageId="78" captionText="FIGURE 50. Stellettinopsis megastylifera (Wintermann-Kilian &amp; Kilian, 1984), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9931 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – i, SEM images of spicules, b, oxea 1, b 1, detail of one of the apices of b, c, oxea 2, d, style (stylote modification of oxea 1), d 1, detail of the head of d, e, dichotriaene and plagiotriaene-shaped incipient dichotriaene, e 1, cladome of dichotriaene, f, rare broken protriaene, g. acanthomicrohabd, h, oxyaster, i, strongylaster." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273001/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Figs 50</figureCitation>
b,b1) fusiform, rather abruptly tapering to sharp apices; the styles which give the species its name are obvious modifications of the oxeas, with one end or occasionally two ends rounded; they do not merit status as a separate spicule category, 840– 
<emphasis box="[732,786,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">1161</emphasis>
– 
<date box="[800,910,296,320]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" value="1410-10-14">1410 x 14</date>
– 
<emphasis box="[926,975,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">40.7</emphasis>
–59 µm; styles/strongyles, (
<figureCitation box="[1286,1376,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 50" captionStartId="78.[151,250,1581,1603]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,277,1560]" captionTargetId="figure@78.[151,1436,277,1560]" captionTargetPageId="78" captionText="FIGURE 50. Stellettinopsis megastylifera (Wintermann-Kilian &amp; Kilian, 1984), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9931 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – i, SEM images of spicules, b, oxea 1, b 1, detail of one of the apices of b, c, oxea 2, d, style (stylote modification of oxea 1), d 1, detail of the head of d, e, dichotriaene and plagiotriaene-shaped incipient dichotriaene, e 1, cladome of dichotriaene, f, rare broken protriaene, g. acanthomicrohabd, h, oxyaster, i, strongylaster." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273001/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Figs 50</figureCitation>
d,d1), 882–960 
<date box="[256,304,332,357]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" value="1943-10">x 43</date>
–54 µm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="79.[151,1437,151,1149]" box="[199,892,367,392]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
Small thin oxeas 2 (
<figureCitation box="[422,505,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 50" captionStartId="78.[151,250,1581,1603]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,277,1560]" captionTargetId="figure@78.[151,1436,277,1560]" captionTargetPageId="78" captionText="FIGURE 50. Stellettinopsis megastylifera (Wintermann-Kilian &amp; Kilian, 1984), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9931 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – i, SEM images of spicules, b, oxea 1, b 1, detail of one of the apices of b, c, oxea 2, d, style (stylote modification of oxea 1), d 1, detail of the head of d, e, dichotriaene and plagiotriaene-shaped incipient dichotriaene, e 1, cladome of dichotriaene, f, rare broken protriaene, g. acanthomicrohabd, h, oxyaster, i, strongylaster." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273001/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Fig. 50</figureCitation>
c), rare, (n=2), 426–603 
<date box="[777,840,368,392]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">x 4–7</date>
µm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="79.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
Dichotriaenes (
<figureCitation box="[373,466,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 50" captionStartId="78.[151,250,1581,1603]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,277,1560]" captionTargetId="figure@78.[151,1436,277,1560]" captionTargetPageId="78" captionText="FIGURE 50. Stellettinopsis megastylifera (Wintermann-Kilian &amp; Kilian, 1984), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9931 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – i, SEM images of spicules, b, oxea 1, b 1, detail of one of the apices of b, c, oxea 2, d, style (stylote modification of oxea 1), d 1, detail of the head of d, e, dichotriaene and plagiotriaene-shaped incipient dichotriaene, e 1, cladome of dichotriaene, f, rare broken protriaene, g. acanthomicrohabd, h, oxyaster, i, strongylaster." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273001/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Figs 50</figureCitation>
e,e1) with characteristically small orthotriaene-like cladomes, with thick rhabdomes tapering rather abruptly to sharp endings; rhabdomes 804– 
<emphasis box="[824,866,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">907</emphasis>
– 
<date box="[881,997,439,464]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" value="1058-10-30">1058 x 30</date>
– 
<emphasis box="[1012,1061,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">41.7</emphasis>
–51 µm, cladomes 121– 
<emphasis box="[1338,1380,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">189</emphasis>
–264 µm, primary cladi 42– 
<emphasis box="[402,430,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">48</emphasis>
– 
<date box="[445,526,476,501]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" value="1957-10-18">57 x 18</date>
– 
<emphasis box="[542,591,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">31.5</emphasis>
–42 µm, secondary cladi 27– 
<emphasis box="[916,944,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">53</emphasis>
– 
<date box="[958,1039,476,500]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" value="1972-10-13">72 x 13</date>
– 
<emphasis box="[1055,1104,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">20.2</emphasis>
–24 µm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="79.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">(Plagiotriaenes are similar to dichotriaenes, and may be considered juvenile forms of the dichotriaenes, with shorter rhabdomes and cladi).</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="79.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
Protriaenes (
<figureCitation box="[344,431,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURE 50" captionStartId="78.[151,250,1581,1603]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,277,1560]" captionTargetId="figure@78.[151,1436,277,1560]" captionTargetPageId="78" captionText="FIGURE 50. Stellettinopsis megastylifera (Wintermann-Kilian &amp; Kilian, 1984), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9931 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – i, SEM images of spicules, b, oxea 1, b 1, detail of one of the apices of b, c, oxea 2, d, style (stylote modification of oxea 1), d 1, detail of the head of d, e, dichotriaene and plagiotriaene-shaped incipient dichotriaene, e 1, cladome of dichotriaene, f, rare broken protriaene, g. acanthomicrohabd, h, oxyaster, i, strongylaster." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273001/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Fig. 50</figureCitation>
f), rare (n=3), thin, not certainly proper to the sponge, rhabdomes up to 780 
<date box="[1341,1380,583,608]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">x 5</date>
µm, cladomes 30–66 µm, cladi 
<date box="[454,545,620,645]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" value="1940-10-15">15–40 x</date>
2–6 µm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="79.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
Microrhabds (
<figureCitation box="[357,439,655,680]" captionStart="FIGURE 50" captionStartId="78.[151,250,1581,1603]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,277,1560]" captionTargetId="figure@78.[151,1436,277,1560]" captionTargetPageId="78" captionText="FIGURE 50. Stellettinopsis megastylifera (Wintermann-Kilian &amp; Kilian, 1984), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9931 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – i, SEM images of spicules, b, oxea 1, b 1, detail of one of the apices of b, c, oxea 2, d, style (stylote modification of oxea 1), d 1, detail of the head of d, e, dichotriaene and plagiotriaene-shaped incipient dichotriaene, e 1, cladome of dichotriaene, f, rare broken protriaene, g. acanthomicrohabd, h, oxyaster, i, strongylaster." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273001/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
Fig. 
<quantity box="[408,439,655,680]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="5.0" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" unit="g" value="50.0">50</quantity>
</figureCitation>
g), entirely finely spined, often centrotylote, apices varying from sharp to bluntly rounded or strongylote, 66– 
<emphasis box="[363,391,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">78</emphasis>
– 
<date box="[406,474,692,716]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" value="1999-10-04">99 x 4</date>
– 
<emphasis box="[489,524,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">5.3</emphasis>
–7 µm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="79.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
Oxyasters (
<figureCitation box="[328,413,727,752]" captionStart="FIGURE 50" captionStartId="78.[151,250,1581,1603]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,277,1560]" captionTargetId="figure@78.[151,1436,277,1560]" captionTargetPageId="78" captionText="FIGURE 50. Stellettinopsis megastylifera (Wintermann-Kilian &amp; Kilian, 1984), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9931 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – i, SEM images of spicules, b, oxea 1, b 1, detail of one of the apices of b, c, oxea 2, d, style (stylote modification of oxea 1), d 1, detail of the head of d, e, dichotriaene and plagiotriaene-shaped incipient dichotriaene, e 1, cladome of dichotriaene, f, rare broken protriaene, g. acanthomicrohabd, h, oxyaster, i, strongylaster." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273001/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Fig. 50</figureCitation>
h), without thickened center, rays smooth near the center and spined from halfway to the apex, diameter 11– 
<emphasis box="[364,413,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">13.4</emphasis>
–17 µm, with 7–10 rays.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="79.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
Strongylasters (
<figureCitation box="[373,456,799,824]" captionStart="FIGURE 50" captionStartId="78.[151,250,1581,1603]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,277,1560]" captionTargetId="figure@78.[151,1436,277,1560]" captionTargetPageId="78" captionText="FIGURE 50. Stellettinopsis megastylifera (Wintermann-Kilian &amp; Kilian, 1984), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9931 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – i, SEM images of spicules, b, oxea 1, b 1, detail of one of the apices of b, c, oxea 2, d, style (stylote modification of oxea 1), d 1, detail of the head of d, e, dichotriaene and plagiotriaene-shaped incipient dichotriaene, e 1, cladome of dichotriaene, f, rare broken protriaene, g. acanthomicrohabd, h, oxyaster, i, strongylaster." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273001/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
Fig. 
<date box="[425,456,799,824]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" value="1950-01">50</date>
</figureCitation>
i), heavily spined at the apices and along the short shafts, the slightly thickened center is smooth, diameter 5– 
<emphasis box="[380,415,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">6.6</emphasis>
–8 µm, with 6–10 rays.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="79" pageNumber="80" type="distribution">
<paragraph blockId="79.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,498,871,896]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Distribution and ecology.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry box="[504,591,872,896]" name="Guyana" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Guyana</collectingCountry>
Shelf, 
<collectingCountry box="[671,784,871,896]" name="Colombia" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Colombia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry box="[795,869,871,896]" name="Belize" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
<collectingRegion box="[795,869,871,896]" country="Belize" name="Belize" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Belize</collectingRegion>
</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry box="[880,993,871,896]" name="Dominica" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Dominica</collectingCountry>
, Gulf of 
<collectingCountry box="[1093,1181,871,896]" name="Mexico" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
<collectingRegion box="[1093,1181,871,896]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Mexico</collectingRegion>
</collectingCountry>
, NE 
<collectingCountry box="[1236,1307,871,896]" name="Brazil" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, on various substratums, rocks mangroves, reefs, and sandy bottoms, from shallow water down to 
<quantity box="[1118,1175,908,932]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.1" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" unit="m" value="71.0">71 m</quantity>
(previously 
<quantity box="[1317,1406,908,933]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="0.3" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" unit="m" value="14.0" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="3.0">3–25 m</quantity>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="79" pageNumber="80" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="79.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1424726299" country="Belize" county="Kelly" location="We" municipality="Our" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,315,943,968]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Remarks.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Cardenas" box="[321,550,943,968]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" refString="Cardenas, P., Menegola, C., Rapp, H. T. &amp; Diaz, M. C. (2009) Morphological description and DNA barcodes of shallow-water Tetractinellida (Porifera: Demospongiae) from Bocas del Toro, Panama, with description of a new species. Zootaxa, 2276, 1 - 39." type="journal article" year="2009">
Cárdenas 
<emphasis box="[432,488,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">et al.</emphasis>
2009
</bibRefCitation>
revised this species extensively (as 
<taxonomicName box="[953,1073,945,968]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Ecionemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[953,1073,945,968]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Ecionemia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Our material conforms closely to their description. We did not find anatriaenes, but these were absent also in the 
<typeStatus box="[1086,1184,980,1005]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">holotype</typeStatus>
and rare in the 
<collectingCountry box="[1365,1436,980,1005]" name="Belize" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Belize</collectingCountry>
specimens. 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A80010771AFFE3FF14A4589220FBE7:8EDEE7DD7718FFE3FE9AA0939140FB95" box="[281,317,1016,1039]" country="Belize" county="Kelly" municipality="Our" name="We" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">We</location>
did find a few, mostly broken, pieces of thin small protriaenes, which might possibly be foreign, but since 
<bibRefCitation author="Cardenas" box="[217,451,1052,1077]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" refString="Cardenas, P., Menegola, C., Rapp, H. T. &amp; Diaz, M. C. (2009) Morphological description and DNA barcodes of shallow-water Tetractinellida (Porifera: Demospongiae) from Bocas del Toro, Panama, with description of a new species. Zootaxa, 2276, 1 - 39." type="journal article" year="2009">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A80010771AFFE3FF14A4589220FBE7:8EDEE7DD7718FFE3FF5AA777913CFBAF" box="[217,321,1052,1077]" country="Belize" county="Kelly" municipality="Our" name="Cardenas" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Cárdenas</location>
<emphasis box="[329,387,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">et al.</emphasis>
2009
</bibRefCitation>
found these as well, they could be part of the spicule complement of this wide-spread characteristic species. 
<collectingMunicipality box="[403,447,1088,1112]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Our</collectingMunicipality>
assignment of this species to the genus 
<taxonomicName authority="Carter, 1879a" authorityName="Carter" authorityYear="1879" box="[896,1211,1087,1112]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stellettinopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[896,1052,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Stellettinopsis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Carter" box="[1060,1211,1088,1112]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" refString="Carter, H. J. (1879 a) Contributions to our knowledge of the Spongida. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (5) 3, 284 - 304, 343 - 360." type="journal article" year="1879" yearSuffix="a">Carter, 1879a</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
follows 
<collectingCounty box="[1310,1372,1087,1112]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Kelly</collectingCounty>
<emphasis box="[1380,1436,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">et al.</emphasis>
2012 (and the World Porifera Database).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>