516 lines
64 KiB
XML
516 lines
64 KiB
XML
<document id="6A28E0F6C287829800C93686EEAE4DA0" ID-CLB-Dataset="25821" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4664.1.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="aa4ab61b-5bb7-4a74-857b-e92447ed1425" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3383496" ID-ZooBank="4434E866-7C52-48D1-9A6B-1E6220D71549" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1567407317765" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Tabachnick, Konstantin, Fromont, Jane, Ehrlich, Hermann & Menshenina, Larisa" docDate="2019" docId="787DF422D227AC67FDAA9287FED1F9BF" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4664.1.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4664 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Pheronema raphanus Schulze 1895" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="52" masterDocId="84448C5AD225AC62FD3D950AFFE4FFC8" masterDocTitle="Hexactinellida from the Perth Canyon, Eastern Indian Ocean, with descriptions of five new species" masterLastPageNumber="82" masterPageNumber="47" pageNumber="49" updateTime="1698753542198" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="09A609E25988F35CCE2C45CAE826F353">Hexactinellida from the Perth Canyon, Eastern Indian Ocean, with descriptions of five new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="15961C0301A2F664ADBB73EB3D3B5F36">Tabachnick, Konstantin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="90607056FCD7E821D115BA069D6D5DF8">Fromont, Jane</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="EB2B918E3108CBD6838CA9BC7CCDC7F8">Ehrlich, Hermann</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="69259CFA7F5E7E26A1EF43B9664DF1D9">Menshenina, Larisa</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="D361B25E0CBEC636720452A420CF6DC5">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="BFC1419F52D15305A2BBCD37D366C399">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="21AFB4BF07299FD1BF042717212B95B6">2019-09-02</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="D976812DE6FB0472C33D69A4CA6004DC">4664</mods:number>
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<treatment id="787DF422D227AC67FDAA9287FED1F9BF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5667829" ID-GBIF-Taxon="159349034" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5667829" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:787DF422D227AC67FDAA9287FED1F9BF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/787DF422D227AC67FDAA9287FED1F9BF" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">
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<subSubSection id="B8CE16BFD227AC60FDAA9287FDB4F86F" box="[151,592,1933,1960]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="F06B4534D227AC60FDAA9287FDB4F86F" blockId="2.[151,592,1933,1960]" box="[151,592,1933,1960]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">
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<heading id="AB23F258D227AC60FDAA9287FDB4F86F" bold="true" box="[151,592,1933,1960]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="37D43EB7D227AC60FDAA9287FDB4F86F" ID-CoL="4G37C" authority="Schulze, 1895" authorityName="Schulze" authorityYear="1895" box="[151,592,1933,1960]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Pheronematidae" genus="Pheronema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="raphanus">
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<emphasis id="C2A09926D227AC60FDAA9287FDB4F86F" bold="true" box="[151,592,1933,1960]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">
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<emphasis id="C2A09926D227AC60FDAA9287FE7BF860" bold="true" box="[151,415,1933,1960]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Pheronema raphanus</emphasis>
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Schulze, 1895
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="B8CE16BFD227AC67FDAA92DEFED1F9BF" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="F06B4534D227AC61FDAA92DEFB8FFF1F" blockId="2.[151,1436,2004,2032]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,152,719]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">
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<emphasis id="C2A09926D227AC60FDAA92DEFE64F827" bold="true" box="[151,384,2004,2031]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="40BC4F69D227AC60FCB992DFFA78F827" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2382327800" box="[388,1436,2004,2032]" collectionCode="WAM" country="Australia" location="Western Australia" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Western Australia">
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<collectingCountry id="88C305A4D227AC60FCB992DFFE0BF827" box="[388,495,2005,2031]" name="Australia" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Australia</collectingCountry>
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:
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<collectingRegion id="32108BD6D227AC60FCC592DCFD27F827" box="[504,707,2005,2032]" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Western Australia</collectingRegion>
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:
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<collectionCode id="96C5DDF1D227AC60FFF192DFFCF4F827" box="[716,784,2005,2031]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" name="Western Australian Museum" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" type="Museum">WAM</collectionCode>
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Z35337, Z98331, Z98330, respectively –
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<specimenCount id="E6D28EBDD227AC60F9D892DFFA8AF827" box="[1253,1390,2005,2031]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
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and
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</materialsCitation>
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1 lot (4 fragments), Perth Canyon (
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31
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59’33”S
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</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="95E023F3D226AC61FF969592FCDBFF7B" box="[683,831,152,179]" degrees="115" direction="east" minutes="10" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" precision="15" seconds="59" value="115.18305">
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115
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<superScript id="07A1E87CD226AC61FFE99592FD38FF6E" attach="none" box="[724,732,152,166]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">o</superScript>
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10’59’’E
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</geoCoordinate>
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to
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<geoCoordinate id="95E023F3D226AC61FE5C9593FC07FF7B" box="[865,995,152,179]" degrees="31" direction="south" minutes="00" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" precision="15" seconds="07" value="-31.001944">
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31
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<superScript id="07A1E87CD226AC61FE409592FC61FF6E" attach="none" box="[893,901,152,166]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">o</superScript>
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00’07”S
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</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="95E023F3D226AC61FED49592FB9BFF7B" box="[1001,1151,152,179]" degrees="115" direction="east" minutes="10" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" precision="15" seconds="41" value="115.178055">
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115
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<superScript id="07A1E87CD226AC61F92F9592FBFEFF6E" attach="none" box="[1042,1050,152,166]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">o</superScript>
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10’41’’E
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</geoCoordinate>
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,
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||
<figureCitation id="68EF59B1D226AC61F9B69592FB03FF7B" box="[1163,1255,152,179]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1358,1383]" captionTargetBox="[156,1410,514,1329]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1420,504,1339]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Map of Perth Canyon. Triangles are RV Falkor stations and circles are RV Southern Surveyor stations." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3383498/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Figure 1</figureCitation>
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), 508–
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<quantity id="372CE8D1D226AC61F80A9592FA9BFF7B" box="[1335,1407,152,179]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.779999999999999" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" unit="m" value="478.0">478 m</quantity>
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, J. Fromont and C. Whisson, sled,
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||
<date id="846A63F4D226AC61FCC495B6FD9FFF1F" box="[505,635,188,215]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" value="2005-11-29">29/11/2005</date>
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||
, RV
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<emphasis id="C2A09926D226AC61FF8C95B6FC66FF1F" box="[689,898,188,215]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Southern Surveyor</emphasis>
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||
station SS1005/068.
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F06B4534D226AC61FDFA95EBFE36FED7" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,719]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">
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<materialsCitation id="40BC4F69D226AC61FDFA95EBFE29FED7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2382327798" collectionCode="NMHUK" elevation="530" latitude="12.616667" location="Andaman Islands" longLatPrecision="1293" longitude="92.316666" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="2F6FFB96D226AC61FDFA95EBFF1BFF33" box="[199,255,225,251]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Type</typeStatus>
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material: off
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<location id="F50B13EFD226AC61FC9C95EAFD88FF32" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:787DF422D227AC67FDAA9287FED1F9BF:F50B13EFD226AC61FC9C95EAFD88FF32" box="[417,620,224,250]" latitude="12.616667" longLatPrecision="1293" longitude="92.316666" name="Andaman Islands" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Andaman Islands</location>
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: (
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12
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37’N
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</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="95E023F3D226AC61FFC495EBFCB8FF33" box="[761,860,224,251]" degrees="92" direction="east" minutes="19" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" precision="925" value="92.316666">
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92
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<superScript id="07A1E87CD226AC61FE2895EAFCF9FF26" attach="left" box="[789,797,224,238]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">o</superScript>
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19’E
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</geoCoordinate>
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),
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<quantity id="372CE8D1D226AC61FE4995EAFC25FF33" box="[884,961,224,251]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.3" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" unit="m" value="530.0">
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<elevation id="7BF9A207D226AC61FE4995EAFC25FF33" box="[884,961,224,251]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.3" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" unit="m" value="530.0">530 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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||
, RV
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||
<taxonomicName id="37D43EB7D226AC61FEC295EBFB62FF32" box="[1023,1158,225,250]" family="Nemichthyidae" genus="Investigator" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="C2A09926D226AC61FEC295EBFB62FF32" box="[1023,1158,225,250]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Investigator</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
, station 210, (
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<collectionCode id="96C5DDF1D226AC61F80D95EBFA78FF33" box="[1328,1436,225,251]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">NMHUK</collectionCode>
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1896.09.12.002; HM 5861)
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="F06B4534D226AC61FDFA9422FB8DFDD3" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,719]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">
|
||
Other material: Western Indian Ocean:
|
||
<specimenCount id="E6D28EBDD226AC61FFBB9423FCF5FE8A" box="[646,785,296,323]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" type="generic">4 specimens</specimenCount>
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(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="95E023F3D226AC61FE1F9422FC6BFE8B" box="[802,911,296,323]" degrees="6" direction="north" minutes="53.1" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" precision="92" value="6.885">
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||
6
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<superScript id="07A1E87CD226AC61FE0C9422FCDDFEFE" attach="left" box="[817,825,296,310]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">o</superScript>
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||
53.1’N
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="95E023F3D226AC61FEA19423FBF7FE8B" box="[924,1043,296,323]" degrees="93" direction="east" minutes="35.5" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" precision="92" value="93.59167">
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||
93
|
||
<superScript id="07A1E87CD226AC61FE859422FC24FEFE" attach="left" box="[952,960,296,310]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">o</superScript>
|
||
35.5’E
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<quantity id="372CE8D1D226AC61F9149422FB97FE8B" box="[1065,1139,296,323]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.52" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" unit="m" value="752.0">752 m</quantity>
|
||
, RV
|
||
<taxonomicName id="37D43EB7D226AC61F9909422FAEDFE8A" box="[1197,1289,296,322]" class="Malacostraca" family="Trichodactylidae" genus="Valdivia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C2A09926D226AC61F9909422FAEDFE8A" box="[1197,1289,296,322]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Valdivia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, station 210, (
|
||
<collectionCode id="96C5DDF1D226AC61FDA29447FF2AFEAF" box="[159,206,333,359]" country="0" name="Hastings Museum" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">HM</collectionCode>
|
||
5675, HM 5676, HM 5677, HM 5678, HM 5680). Western Indian Ocean:
|
||
<specimenCount id="E6D28EBDD226AC61F9339447FB7CFEAE" box="[1038,1176,332,359]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" type="generic">4 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="95E023F3D226AC61F99A9447FAF2FEAF" box="[1191,1302,332,359]" degrees="7" direction="north" minutes="48.8" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" precision="92" value="7.8133335">
|
||
7
|
||
<superScript id="07A1E87CD226AC61F9879446FB26FE92" attach="none" box="[1210,1218,332,346]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">o</superScript>
|
||
48.8’N
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="95E023F3D226AC61F81F9447FA6BFEAF" box="[1314,1423,332,359]" degrees="93" direction="east" minutes="7.6" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" precision="92" value="93.12666">
|
||
93
|
||
<superScript id="07A1E87CD226AC61F8039446FAA2FE92" attach="left" box="[1342,1350,332,346]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">o</superScript>
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||
7.6’ E
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<quantity id="372CE8D1D226AC61FDAA947AFF06FE43" box="[151,226,368,395]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.52" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" unit="m" value="752.0">752 m</quantity>
|
||
, RV
|
||
<taxonomicName id="37D43EB7D226AC61FC21947AFE9CFE42" box="[284,376,368,394]" class="Malacostraca" family="Trichodactylidae" genus="Valdivia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C2A09926D226AC61FC21947AFE9CFE42" box="[284,376,368,394]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Valdivia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, station 211, (
|
||
<collectionCode id="96C5DDF1D226AC61FF26947BFD63FE43" box="[539,647,369,395]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
1908.09.24.044, HM 3703, HM 4351, HM 5674). Off
|
||
<collectingCountry id="88C305A4D226AC61F83D947AFA67FE42" box="[1280,1411,368,394]" name="Philippines" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="E6D28EBDD226AC61F8B3947BFEE8FE66" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" type="generic">3 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
(13
|
||
<superScript id="07A1E87CD226AC61FC05949EFEA4FE6A" attach="left" box="[312,320,404,418]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">o</superScript>
|
||
2.8–2.9’N, 122
|
||
<superScript id="07A1E87CD226AC61FCD0949EFE11FE6A" attach="left" box="[493,501,404,418]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">o</superScript>
|
||
37.1 to
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="95E023F3D226AC61FF70949FFD37FE67" box="[589,723,404,431]" degrees="122" direction="east" minutes="35.5" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" precision="92" value="122.59167">
|
||
122
|
||
<superScript id="07A1E87CD226AC61FF4A949EFD9BFE6A" attach="left" box="[631,639,404,418]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">o</superScript>
|
||
35.5’E
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<quantity id="372CE8D1D226AC61FFD5949EFCD4FE67" box="[744,816,404,431]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.05" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" unit="m" value="805.0">805 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="C2A09926D226AC61FE06949FFC5DFE66" box="[827,953,405,430]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Musorstom</emphasis>
|
||
2, station 39, (
|
||
<collectionCode id="96C5DDF1D226AC61F963949FFB51FE67" box="[1118,1205,405,431]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
4243,
|
||
<collectionCode id="96C5DDF1D226AC61F83C949FFAB3FE67" box="[1281,1367,405,431]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
4244,
|
||
<collectionCode id="96C5DDF1D226AC61FDAA94B3FF09FE1B" box="[151,237,441,467]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
4245). East
|
||
<collectingCountry id="88C305A4D226AC61FC4094B2FE24FE1A" box="[381,448,440,466]" name="China" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
Sea, off southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="88C305A4D226AC61FFAD94B3FD30FE1B" box="[656,724,441,467]" name="Japan" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="E6D28EBDD226AC61FFDD94B3FC8FFE1A" box="[736,875,440,467]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" type="generic">3 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="95E023F3D226AC61FE4794B3FC11FE1B" box="[890,1013,440,467]" degrees="30" direction="north" minutes="45.8" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" precision="92" value="30.763332">
|
||
30
|
||
<superScript id="07A1E87CD226AC61FEA594B2FC44FE0E" attach="left" box="[920,928,440,454]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">o</superScript>
|
||
45.8’N
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="95E023F3D226AC61F93F94B3FB62FE1B" box="[1026,1158,440,467]" degrees="128" direction="east" minutes="04.8" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" precision="92" value="128.08">
|
||
128
|
||
<superScript id="07A1E87CD226AC61F91194B2FBD0FE0E" attach="left" box="[1068,1076,440,454]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">o</superScript>
|
||
04.8’E
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
) 499–
|
||
<quantity id="372CE8D1D226AC61F9F394B3FAFCFE1B" box="[1230,1304,441,467]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.92" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" unit="m" value="492.0">492 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="846A63F4D226AC61F81894B2FA73FE1B" box="[1317,1431,440,467]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" value="1955-11-01">1/11/1955</date>
|
||
, RV
|
||
<emphasis id="C2A09926D226AC61FDFF94D7FEE5FE3E" box="[194,257,477,502]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Vitiaz</emphasis>
|
||
22, station 3540, (
|
||
<collectionCode id="96C5DDF1D226AC61FCEC94D7FDC3FE3F" box="[465,551,477,503]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">IORAS</collectionCode>
|
||
<date id="846A63F4D226AC61FF1394D6FD71FE3F" box="[558,661,476,503]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" value="1329-02-05">5/2/1329</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="96C5DDF1D226AC61FF9D94D7FD10FE3F" box="[672,756,477,503]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">IORAS</collectionCode>
|
||
5/2/sp4112; ZINRAS sp2218). Off
|
||
<collectingCountry id="88C305A4D226AC61F9BB94D6FAEDFE3E" box="[1158,1289,476,502]" name="Philippines" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="E6D28EBDD226AC61F82E94D7FA79FE3E" box="[1299,1437,476,503]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="95E023F3D226AC61FD9D970BFF13FDD3" box="[160,247,512,539]" degrees="8" direction="north" minutes="40" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" precision="925" value="8.666667">
|
||
8
|
||
<superScript id="07A1E87CD226AC61FD92970AFF53FDC6" attach="left" box="[175,183,512,526]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">o</superScript>
|
||
40’N
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="95E023F3D226AC61FC3F970BFE94FDD3" box="[258,368,512,539]" degrees="119" direction="east" minutes="48" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" precision="925" value="119.8">
|
||
119
|
||
<superScript id="07A1E87CD226AC61FC16970AFED7FDC6" attach="left" box="[299,307,512,526]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">o</superScript>
|
||
48’E
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<quantity id="372CE8D1D226AC61FCB8970AFE2AFDD3" box="[389,462,512,539]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" unit="m" value="850.0">850 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="846A63F4D226AC61FCE7970AFDA4FDD3" box="[474,576,512,539]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" value="1975-01-03">3/1/1975</date>
|
||
, RV
|
||
<emphasis id="C2A09926D226AC61FF4A970BFD52FDD2" box="[631,694,513,538]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Vitiaz</emphasis>
|
||
57, station 7242 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="96C5DDF1D226AC61FE42970BFC31FDD3" box="[895,981,513,539]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">IORAS</collectionCode>
|
||
5/2/sp3320).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F06B4534D226AC61FDFA972EFCC5FD07" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,719]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<emphasis id="C2A09926D226AC61FDFA972EFE47FDF7" bold="true" box="[199,419,548,575]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Description. Body,</emphasis>
|
||
<figureCitation id="68EF59B1D226AC61FC97972EFDEEFDF7" box="[426,522,548,575]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1716,1741]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,733,1697]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,733,1697]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pheronema raphanus WAMZ98331 external morphology (scale 60 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3383500/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||
. The specimens are conical and taper to a narrow base; the atrial cavity (osculum) is shallow or nearly absent (≤
|
||
<quantity id="372CE8D1D226AC61FCDC9743FDCBFDAB" box="[481,559,585,611]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
|
||
deep). The WA specimens are from
|
||
<quantity id="372CE8D1D226AC61FEF89742FBDAFDAB" box="[965,1086,584,611]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.75" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="57.5" valueMax="80.0" valueMin="35.0">35–80 mm</quantity>
|
||
high and
|
||
<quantity id="372CE8D1D226AC61F9919742FAC0FDAB" box="[1196,1316,584,611]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.85" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="28.5" valueMax="45.0" valueMin="12.0">12–45 mm</quantity>
|
||
maximum diameter. The osculum is ≤
|
||
<quantity id="372CE8D1D226AC61FCF59767FDF2FD4F" box="[456,534,621,647]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
|
||
diameter. Prostalia lateralia appear as several tufts around the sponge maximum circumference (
|
||
<figureCitation id="68EF59B1D226AC61FC7B979AFE4CFD63" box="[326,424,656,683]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1716,1741]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,733,1697]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,733,1697]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pheronema raphanus WAMZ98331 external morphology (scale 60 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3383500/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||
), they extend outwards to
|
||
<quantity id="372CE8D1D226AC61FFEF979BFCC5FD63" box="[722,801,657,683]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
|
||
from the surface. Prostalia basalia are presented by tufts at the lower part of the body up to
|
||
<quantity id="372CE8D1D226AC61FF2697BFFD8EFD07" box="[539,618,693,719]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="40.0">40 mm</quantity>
|
||
long (
|
||
<figureCitation id="68EF59B1D226AC61FF8C97BEFCF0FD07" box="[689,788,692,719]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1716,1741]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,733,1697]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,733,1697]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pheronema raphanus WAMZ98331 external morphology (scale 60 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3383500/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="A4AB15BCD226AC61FDAA93BEFC1AF905" box="[151,1022,1716,1741]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3383500/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" startId="3.[151,250,1716,1741]" targetBox="[151,1436,733,1697]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="F06B4534D226AC61FDAA93BEFC1AF905" blockId="3.[151,1022,1716,1741]" box="[151,1022,1716,1741]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<emphasis id="C2A09926D226AC61FDAA93BEFEF7F905" bold="true" box="[151,275,1716,1741]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="37D43EB7D226AC61FC2493BFFE10F905" authorityName="Schulze" authorityYear="1895" box="[281,500,1717,1741]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Pheronematidae" genus="Pheronema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="raphanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C2A09926D226AC61FC2493BFFE10F905" box="[281,500,1717,1741]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Pheronema raphanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
WAMZ98331 external morphology (scale 60 mm).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="F06B4534D226AC67FDFA93F0FBE6FE1B" blockId="3.[151,1437,1786,2029]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,153,1655]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<emphasis id="C2A09926D226AC61FDFA93F0FE29F8DD" bold="true" box="[199,461,1786,1813]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Spicules. Megascleres</emphasis>
|
||
<figureCitation id="68EF59B1D226AC61FCEB93F1FDDDF8DD" box="[470,569,1787,1813]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1824,1849]" captionTargetBox="[158,1374,176,1787]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1394,166,1804]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Spicules of Pheronema raphanus. WAMZ35337. A, prostalia lateralia diactine. B–C, choanosomal pentactins. D–F, prostalia basalia anchors. G–H, uncinates. I, hexactinic precursor of uncinate. J, dermal pinular pentactine. K atrial pinular pentactin L. hexactin. M–N, tangential rays of dermal pinular pentactins. O, abnormal dermal spicule with a distal pinular ray. P, canalaria hexactin. Q–V, macramphidiscs. W–AA, micramphidiscs: W, hemidisc; X, tylodiactine; Y, normal micramphidisc; Z, paradisc; AA, tylodisc. AB–AC, microxyhexactins." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3383502/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
, Table 3. Choanosomal spicules are pentactins with rays often of different lengths and outer ends conically pointed or rarely rounded; the rays are 0.08–1.90/
|
||
<quantity id="372CE8D1D226AC61F91A9215FB02F8F1" box="[1063,1254,1823,1849]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.65" metricValueMax="14.399999999999999" metricValueMin="0.8999999999999999" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="0.0765" valueMax="0.144" valueMin="0.009">
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="95E023F3D226AC61F91A9215FB82F8F1" box="[1063,1126,1823,1849]" degrees="0.009" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" precision="55" value="0.009">0.009</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="95E023F3D226AC61F95B9215FB50F8F1" box="[1126,1204,1823,1849]" degrees="0.144" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" precision="55" value="-0.144">–0.144</geoCoordinate>
|
||
mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="68EF59B1D226AC61F9CE9215FAB6F8F1" box="[1267,1362,1823,1849]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1824,1849]" captionTargetBox="[158,1374,176,1787]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1394,166,1804]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Spicules of Pheronema raphanus. WAMZ35337. A, prostalia lateralia diactine. B–C, choanosomal pentactins. D–F, prostalia basalia anchors. G–H, uncinates. I, hexactinic precursor of uncinate. J, dermal pinular pentactine. K atrial pinular pentactin L. hexactin. M–N, tangential rays of dermal pinular pentactins. O, abnormal dermal spicule with a distal pinular ray. P, canalaria hexactin. Q–V, macramphidiscs. W–AA, micramphidiscs: W, hemidisc; X, tylodiactine; Y, normal micramphidisc; Z, paradisc; AA, tylodisc. AB–AC, microxyhexactins." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3383502/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
B–C). Uncinates are of two
|
||
<typeStatus id="2F6FFB96D226AC61FCB29249FE2AF895" box="[399,462,1859,1885]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">types</typeStatus>
|
||
: normal form which have identical conically pointed outer ends 0.6–2.3/
|
||
<quantity id="372CE8D1D226AC61F8329249FF21F849" metricMagnitude="-6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.499999999999999" metricValueMax="7" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="0.0055" valueMax="0.007" valueMin="0.004">
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="95E023F3D226AC61F8329249FAABF895" box="[1295,1359,1859,1885]" degrees="0.004" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" precision="55" value="0.004">0.004</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="95E023F3D226AC61F8729249FA78F895" box="[1359,1436,1859,1885]" degrees="0.007" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" precision="55" value="-0.007">–0.007</geoCoordinate>
|
||
mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, and those with one outer end conically pointed and the other rounded 0.5–0.8/
|
||
<quantity id="372CE8D1D226AC61F904926CFB4FF849" box="[1081,1195,1894,1921]" metricMagnitude="-6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="0.005">0.005 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="68EF59B1D226AC61F984926DFAFDF849" box="[1209,1305,1895,1921]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1824,1849]" captionTargetBox="[158,1374,176,1787]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1394,166,1804]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Spicules of Pheronema raphanus. WAMZ35337. A, prostalia lateralia diactine. B–C, choanosomal pentactins. D–F, prostalia basalia anchors. G–H, uncinates. I, hexactinic precursor of uncinate. J, dermal pinular pentactine. K atrial pinular pentactin L. hexactin. M–N, tangential rays of dermal pinular pentactins. O, abnormal dermal spicule with a distal pinular ray. P, canalaria hexactin. Q–V, macramphidiscs. W–AA, micramphidiscs: W, hemidisc; X, tylodiactine; Y, normal micramphidisc; Z, paradisc; AA, tylodisc. AB–AC, microxyhexactins." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3383502/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
G–H). One specimen has a potential precursor of uncinates – hexactinic spicules with rays covered by harpoon–like spines, in these spicules some of the rays are short and rudimentary, rays are 0.045–0.30/
|
||
<quantity id="372CE8D1D226AC61FEC692A4FB88F801" box="[1019,1132,1966,1993]" metricMagnitude="-6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="0.005">0.005 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="68EF59B1D226AC61F94492A5FB0CF801" box="[1145,1256,1967,1993]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1824,1849]" captionTargetBox="[158,1374,176,1787]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1394,166,1804]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Spicules of Pheronema raphanus. WAMZ35337. A, prostalia lateralia diactine. B–C, choanosomal pentactins. D–F, prostalia basalia anchors. G–H, uncinates. I, hexactinic precursor of uncinate. J, dermal pinular pentactine. K atrial pinular pentactin L. hexactin. M–N, tangential rays of dermal pinular pentactins. O, abnormal dermal spicule with a distal pinular ray. P, canalaria hexactin. Q–V, macramphidiscs. W–AA, micramphidiscs: W, hemidisc; X, tylodiactine; Y, normal micramphidisc; Z, paradisc; AA, tylodisc. AB–AC, microxyhexactins." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3383502/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">
|
||
Figure
|
||
<date id="846A63F4D226AC61F9F492A5FB0CF801" box="[1225,1256,1967,1993]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">3 I</date>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). Basalia (about 70/
|
||
<quantity id="372CE8D1D226AC61FD8192D8FECCF825" box="[188,296,2002,2029]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="0.015">0.015mm</quantity>
|
||
) are two-toothed anchorate spicules, they rarely have one tooth, their shafts are spiny (
|
||
<figureCitation id="68EF59B1D226AC61F9CE92D9FAB7F825" box="[1267,1363,2003,2029]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1824,1849]" captionTargetBox="[158,1374,176,1787]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1394,166,1804]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Spicules of Pheronema raphanus. WAMZ35337. A, prostalia lateralia diactine. B–C, choanosomal pentactins. D–F, prostalia basalia anchors. G–H, uncinates. I, hexactinic precursor of uncinate. J, dermal pinular pentactine. K atrial pinular pentactin L. hexactin. M–N, tangential rays of dermal pinular pentactins. O, abnormal dermal spicule with a distal pinular ray. P, canalaria hexactin. Q–V, macramphidiscs. W–AA, micramphidiscs: W, hemidisc; X, tylodiactine; Y, normal micramphidisc; Z, paradisc; AA, tylodisc. AB–AC, microxyhexactins." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3383502/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
D–F). Prostalia lateralia (about 40/
|
||
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||
) are diactins with conically pointed outer ends, their shafts are partly smooth and partly rough (
|
||
<figureCitation id="68EF59B1D220AC67FC6395B7FE3FFF1F" box="[350,475,189,215]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1824,1849]" captionTargetBox="[158,1374,176,1787]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1394,166,1804]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Spicules of Pheronema raphanus. WAMZ35337. A, prostalia lateralia diactine. B–C, choanosomal pentactins. D–F, prostalia basalia anchors. G–H, uncinates. I, hexactinic precursor of uncinate. J, dermal pinular pentactine. K atrial pinular pentactin L. hexactin. M–N, tangential rays of dermal pinular pentactins. O, abnormal dermal spicule with a distal pinular ray. P, canalaria hexactin. Q–V, macramphidiscs. W–AA, micramphidiscs: W, hemidisc; X, tylodiactine; Y, normal micramphidisc; Z, paradisc; AA, tylodisc. AB–AC, microxyhexactins." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3383502/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">Figure 3 A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Dermal and atrial spicules are pinular pentactins and some hexactins, occasionally it is possible to find their derivatives only by the tangential rays or the pinular ray (
|
||
<figureCitation id="68EF59B1D220AC67F91595EBFB6CFF33" box="[1064,1160,225,251]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1824,1849]" captionTargetBox="[158,1374,176,1787]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1394,166,1804]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Spicules of Pheronema raphanus. WAMZ35337. A, prostalia lateralia diactine. B–C, choanosomal pentactins. D–F, prostalia basalia anchors. G–H, uncinates. I, hexactinic precursor of uncinate. J, dermal pinular pentactine. K atrial pinular pentactin L. hexactin. M–N, tangential rays of dermal pinular pentactins. O, abnormal dermal spicule with a distal pinular ray. P, canalaria hexactin. Q–V, macramphidiscs. W–AA, micramphidiscs: W, hemidisc; X, tylodiactine; Y, normal micramphidisc; Z, paradisc; AA, tylodisc. AB–AC, microxyhexactins." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3383502/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
J–O). The pinular ray is ovoid in shape, tangential rays are conically pointed, stout or lanceolate, often spiny or rarely smooth. In tangential plane the rays have the shape of a regular cross or sometimes an x-shape (
|
||
<figureCitation id="68EF59B1D220AC67FEE99423FBD0FE8B" box="[980,1076,297,323]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1824,1849]" captionTargetBox="[158,1374,176,1787]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1394,166,1804]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Spicules of Pheronema raphanus. WAMZ35337. A, prostalia lateralia diactine. B–C, choanosomal pentactins. D–F, prostalia basalia anchors. G–H, uncinates. I, hexactinic precursor of uncinate. J, dermal pinular pentactine. K atrial pinular pentactin L. hexactin. M–N, tangential rays of dermal pinular pentactins. O, abnormal dermal spicule with a distal pinular ray. P, canalaria hexactin. Q–V, macramphidiscs. W–AA, micramphidiscs: W, hemidisc; X, tylodiactine; Y, normal micramphidisc; Z, paradisc; AA, tylodisc. AB–AC, microxyhexactins." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3383502/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
M–N). A peculiar feature of the dermal and atrial pinular pentactins is the presence of spines situated at the site of the reduced ray (
|
||
<figureCitation id="68EF59B1D220AC67F9CA9447FAB3FEAF" box="[1271,1367,333,359]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1824,1849]" captionTargetBox="[158,1374,176,1787]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1394,166,1804]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Spicules of Pheronema raphanus. WAMZ35337. A, prostalia lateralia diactine. B–C, choanosomal pentactins. D–F, prostalia basalia anchors. G–H, uncinates. I, hexactinic precursor of uncinate. J, dermal pinular pentactine. K atrial pinular pentactin L. hexactin. M–N, tangential rays of dermal pinular pentactins. O, abnormal dermal spicule with a distal pinular ray. P, canalaria hexactin. Q–V, macramphidiscs. W–AA, micramphidiscs: W, hemidisc; X, tylodiactine; Y, normal micramphidisc; Z, paradisc; AA, tylodisc. AB–AC, microxyhexactins." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3383502/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
J–K). The pinular ray of the dermal pentactin is
|
||
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mm
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||
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long, tangential rays are
|
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<geoCoordinate id="95E023F3D220AC67F9B1947BFB3CFE43" box="[1164,1240,369,395]" degrees="0.063" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" precision="55" value="-0.063">–0.063</geoCoordinate>
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mm
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</quantity>
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long, the diameter of these rays is
|
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<geoCoordinate id="95E023F3D220AC67FCE5949EFDC1FE67" box="[472,549,404,431]" degrees="0.005" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" precision="55" value="-0.005">–0.005</geoCoordinate>
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mm
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</quantity>
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. The pinular ray of the atrial pentactin is
|
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<geoCoordinate id="95E023F3D220AC67F95A949FFB50FE67" box="[1127,1204,405,431]" degrees="0.100" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" precision="55" value="-0.1">–0.100</geoCoordinate>
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mm long, tangential rays are
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<geoCoordinate id="95E023F3D220AC67FC0894B2FE66FE1B" box="[309,386,440,467]" degrees="0.059" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" precision="55" value="-0.059">–0.059</geoCoordinate>
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mm
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</quantity>
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long, the diameter of these rays is
|
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<quantity id="372CE8D1D220AC67FE0194B2FC1AFE1B" box="[828,1022,440,467]" metricMagnitude="-6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="0.0035" valueMax="0.005" valueMin="0.002">
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<geoCoordinate id="95E023F3D220AC67FE0194B2FC9FFE1B" box="[828,891,440,467]" degrees="0.002" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" precision="55" value="0.002">0.002</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="95E023F3D220AC67FE4694B2FC23FE1B" box="[891,967,440,467]" degrees="0.005" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" precision="55" value="-0.005">–0.005</geoCoordinate>
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mm
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</quantity>
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.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<caption id="A4AB15BCD221AC66FDAA922AFD58F801" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3383502/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" startId="4.[151,250,1824,1849]" targetBox="[158,1374,176,1787]" targetPageId="4">
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<paragraph id="F06B4534D221AC66FDAA922AFD58F801" blockId="4.[151,1437,1824,1993]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis id="C2A09926D221AC66FDAA922AFEF2F8F1" bold="true" box="[151,278,1824,1849]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Spicules of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="37D43EB7D221AC66FCA0922AFD9EF8F0" authorityName="Schulze" authorityYear="1895" box="[413,634,1824,1848]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Pheronematidae" genus="Pheronema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="raphanus">
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||
<emphasis id="C2A09926D221AC66FCA0922AFD9EF8F0" box="[413,634,1824,1848]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">Pheronema raphanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. WAMZ35337. A, prostalia lateralia diactine. B–C, choanosomal pentactins. D–F, prostalia basalia anchors. G–H, uncinates. I, hexactinic precursor of uncinate. J, dermal pinular pentactine. K atrial pinular pentactin L. hexactin. M–N, tangential rays of dermal pinular pentactins. O, abnormal dermal spicule with a distal pinular ray. P, canalaria hexactin. Q–V, macramphidiscs. W–AA, micramphidiscs: W, hemidisc; X, tylodiactine; Y, normal micramphidisc; Z, paradisc; AA, tylodisc. AB–AC, microxyhexactins.
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</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="F06B4534D220AC67FDFA94D6FB59FC97" blockId="5.[151,1437,153,1655]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">
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<emphasis id="C2A09926D220AC67FDFA94D6FE81FE3F" bold="true" box="[199,357,476,503]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">Microscleres,</emphasis>
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<figureCitation id="68EF59B1D220AC67FC5194D7FE2FFE3F" box="[364,459,477,503]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1824,1849]" captionTargetBox="[158,1374,176,1787]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1394,166,1804]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Spicules of Pheronema raphanus. WAMZ35337. A, prostalia lateralia diactine. B–C, choanosomal pentactins. D–F, prostalia basalia anchors. G–H, uncinates. I, hexactinic precursor of uncinate. J, dermal pinular pentactine. K atrial pinular pentactin L. hexactin. M–N, tangential rays of dermal pinular pentactins. O, abnormal dermal spicule with a distal pinular ray. P, canalaria hexactin. Q–V, macramphidiscs. W–AA, micramphidiscs: W, hemidisc; X, tylodiactine; Y, normal micramphidisc; Z, paradisc; AA, tylodisc. AB–AC, microxyhexactins." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3383502/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">Figure 3</figureCitation>
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||
, Table 3. Amphidiscs are of two
|
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<typeStatus id="2F6FFB96D220AC67FE0094D7FC98FE3F" box="[829,892,477,503]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">types</typeStatus>
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: macramphidiscs and micramphidiscs. The macramphidiscs are
|
||
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mm
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</quantity>
|
||
long, the umbel length is
|
||
<quantity id="372CE8D1D220AC67FE1D970BFC39FDD3" box="[800,989,513,539]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.75" metricValueMax="7.6" metricValueMin="1.9" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="0.0475" valueMax="0.076" valueMin="0.019">
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mm
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</quantity>
|
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long, the umbel diameter is
|
||
<quantity id="372CE8D1D220AC67F82D970BFF27FDF7" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.85" metricValueMax="7.8" metricValueMin="1.9" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="0.0485" valueMax="0.078" valueMin="0.019">
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<geoCoordinate id="95E023F3D220AC67F872970BFA79FDD3" box="[1359,1437,513,539]" degrees="0.078" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" precision="55" value="-0.078">–0.078</geoCoordinate>
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mm
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</quantity>
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(
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<figureCitation id="68EF59B1D220AC67FDED972FFECBFDF7" box="[208,303,549,575]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1824,1849]" captionTargetBox="[158,1374,176,1787]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1394,166,1804]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Spicules of Pheronema raphanus. WAMZ35337. A, prostalia lateralia diactine. B–C, choanosomal pentactins. D–F, prostalia basalia anchors. G–H, uncinates. I, hexactinic precursor of uncinate. J, dermal pinular pentactine. K atrial pinular pentactin L. hexactin. M–N, tangential rays of dermal pinular pentactins. O, abnormal dermal spicule with a distal pinular ray. P, canalaria hexactin. Q–V, macramphidiscs. W–AA, micramphidiscs: W, hemidisc; X, tylodiactine; Y, normal micramphidisc; Z, paradisc; AA, tylodisc. AB–AC, microxyhexactins." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3383502/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
Q–V). The shafts of the macramphidiscs are tuberculated, the teeth of the umbels are often of different size so sometimes the spicules can be referred to as paradiscs. The micramphidiscs are
|
||
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<geoCoordinate id="95E023F3D220AC67F94F9743FB54FDAB" box="[1138,1200,585,611]" degrees="0.013" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" precision="55" value="0.013">0.013</geoCoordinate>
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mm
|
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</quantity>
|
||
long, the umbel length is
|
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<quantity id="372CE8D1D220AC67FC779767FDEDFD4F" box="[330,521,621,647]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0499999999999998" metricValueMax="1.7999999999999998" metricValueMin="0.3" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="0.010499999999999999" valueMax="0.018" valueMin="0.003">
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<geoCoordinate id="95E023F3D220AC67FC779767FE6DFD4F" box="[330,393,621,647]" degrees="0.003" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" precision="55" value="0.003">0.003</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="95E023F3D220AC67FCB49767FE32FD4F" box="[393,470,621,647]" degrees="0.018" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" precision="55" value="-0.018">–0.018</geoCoordinate>
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mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
long, the umbel diameter is
|
||
<quantity id="372CE8D1D220AC67FE7A9767FBE2FD4F" box="[839,1030,621,647]" metricMagnitude="-6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9" metricValueMax="14" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="0.009" valueMax="0.014" valueMin="0.004">
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<geoCoordinate id="95E023F3D220AC67FE7A9767FC62FD4F" box="[839,902,621,647]" degrees="0.004" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" precision="55" value="0.004">0.004</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="95E023F3D220AC67FEBB9767FC37FD4F" box="[902,979,621,647]" degrees="0.014" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" precision="55" value="-0.014">–0.014</geoCoordinate>
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mm
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(
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<figureCitation id="68EF59B1D220AC67F9299767FB97FD4F" box="[1044,1139,621,647]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1824,1849]" captionTargetBox="[158,1374,176,1787]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1394,166,1804]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Spicules of Pheronema raphanus. WAMZ35337. A, prostalia lateralia diactine. B–C, choanosomal pentactins. D–F, prostalia basalia anchors. G–H, uncinates. I, hexactinic precursor of uncinate. J, dermal pinular pentactine. K atrial pinular pentactin L. hexactin. M–N, tangential rays of dermal pinular pentactins. O, abnormal dermal spicule with a distal pinular ray. P, canalaria hexactin. Q–V, macramphidiscs. W–AA, micramphidiscs: W, hemidisc; X, tylodiactine; Y, normal micramphidisc; Z, paradisc; AA, tylodisc. AB–AC, microxyhexactins." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3383502/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
W–AA). The shafts of the micramphidiscs are tuberculated or rough, the umbels of these spicules are often of different sizes so the spicule can be called a hemidisc. One or two umbels may have spherical widening or no tooth, termed a tylodisc or paraclavule for the former case and tylodiactin for the latter
|
||
<typeStatus id="2F6FFB96D220AC67FF8E97D3FD07FD3B" box="[691,739,729,755]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">type</typeStatus>
|
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of spicule. Some micramphidiscs are paradiscs. Oxyoidal microscleres are hexactins and pentactins, the latter often with a rudimentary ray (
|
||
<figureCitation id="68EF59B1D220AC67F92B97F7FB92FCDF" box="[1046,1142,765,791]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1824,1849]" captionTargetBox="[158,1374,176,1787]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1394,166,1804]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Spicules of Pheronema raphanus. WAMZ35337. A, prostalia lateralia diactine. B–C, choanosomal pentactins. D–F, prostalia basalia anchors. G–H, uncinates. I, hexactinic precursor of uncinate. J, dermal pinular pentactine. K atrial pinular pentactin L. hexactin. M–N, tangential rays of dermal pinular pentactins. O, abnormal dermal spicule with a distal pinular ray. P, canalaria hexactin. Q–V, macramphidiscs. W–AA, micramphidiscs: W, hemidisc; X, tylodiactine; Y, normal micramphidisc; Z, paradisc; AA, tylodisc. AB–AC, microxyhexactins." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3383502/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
AB–AC). Sometimes one ray of these microscleres has several long spines, usually this ray is longer, and it may be that such spicules should be considered as canalaria hexactins. The ray of the oxyoidal microscleres is
|
||
<quantity id="372CE8D1D220AC67FECA964FFB5DFC97" box="[1015,1209,837,863]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.25" metricValueMax="6.7" metricValueMin="1.7999999999999998" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="0.0425" valueMax="0.067" valueMin="0.018">
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||
<geoCoordinate id="95E023F3D220AC67FECA964FFBD2FC97" box="[1015,1078,837,863]" degrees="0.018" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" precision="55" value="0.018">0.018</geoCoordinate>
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||
<geoCoordinate id="95E023F3D220AC67F908964FFB67FC97" box="[1077,1155,837,863]" degrees="0.067" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" precision="55" value="-0.067">–0.067</geoCoordinate>
|
||
mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F06B4534D220AC67FDFA9663FBCCFB6B" blockId="5.[151,1437,153,1655]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis id="C2A09926D220AC67FDFA9663FEDFFC4B" bold="true" box="[199,315,873,899]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
This species was previously known to be distributed in the central and western Indian Ocean (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="944538C5D220AC67F86F9663FF1CFC6F" author="Schulze, F. E." pageId="5" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 60" refId="ref15062" refString="Schulze, F. E. (1894) Hexactinelliden des indischen Oceanes. I. Die Hyalonematiden. Physikalische Abhandlungen der Koniglichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 2, 1 - 60." type="journal article" year="1894">Schulze, 1894</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="944538C5D220AC67FC3E9687FED8FC6F" author="Schulze, F. E." box="[259,316,909,935]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 266" refId="ref15097" refString="Schulze, F. E. (1904) Hexactinellida. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf der Dampfer ' Valdivia' 1898 - 1899, 4, 1 - 266. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 85181" type="journal article" year="1904">1904</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="88C305A4D220AC67FC9D9687FDFAFC6F" box="[416,542,909,935]" name="Philippines" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="944538C5D220AC67FF119687FCF5FC6F" author="Levi, C. & Levi, P." box="[556,785,909,935]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" pagination="25 - 103" refId="ref13992" refString="Levi, C. & Levi, P. (1989) Spongiaires (MUSORSTOM 1 & 2). In: Forest, J. (Ed.), Resultats des Campagnes MUSORSTOM, Vol. 4. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, A (Zoologie), 143, pp. 25 - 103." type="journal article" year="1989">Lévi and Lévi, 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This new record from the eastern Indian Ocean fills a gap in a previously disjunct species distribution. The newly found representatives are attributed to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="37D43EB7D220AC67F99196BBFA78FC03" authorityName="Schulze" authorityYear="1895" box="[1196,1436,945,971]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Pheronematidae" genus="Pheronema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="raphanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C2A09926D220AC67F99196BBFA78FC03" box="[1196,1436,945,971]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">Pheronema raphanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
due to the body shape with a shallow atrial cavity and tapering body, and general similarity of the spicules, specifically the shape and size of the pinular pentactins and two
|
||
<typeStatus id="2F6FFB96D220AC67FE1696F3FC82FBDB" box="[811,870,1017,1043]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of amphidiscs. There are also a number of differences in the spiculation of the eastern Indian Ocean specimens compared to previous descriptions. These differences are: two
|
||
<typeStatus id="2F6FFB96D220AC67FDC1914BFED3FB93" box="[252,311,1089,1115]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of uncinates, irregular size of the tooth of macramphidiscs with tuberculated shafts, different sizes of umbels in some micramphidiscs, sizes of the pinular spicules and both
|
||
<typeStatus id="2F6FFB96D220AC67FEF1916FFBE3FBB7" box="[972,1031,1125,1151]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of amphidiscs. Pinular pentactins in these specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="37D43EB7D220AC67FC4F9180FE13FB6B" authorityName="Schulze" authorityYear="1895" box="[370,503,1161,1187]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Pheronematidae" genus="Pheronema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="raphanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C2A09926D220AC67FC4F9180FE13FB6B" box="[370,503,1161,1187]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">P. raphanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have spines situated at the site of the reduced ray.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F06B4534D220AC67FDFA91A7FBDCF9C3" blockId="5.[151,1437,153,1655]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">
|
||
The reinvestigation of previously described specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="37D43EB7D220AC67FE7391A4FC30FB0F" authorityName="Schulze" authorityYear="1895" box="[846,980,1197,1223]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Pheronematidae" genus="Pheronema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="raphanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C2A09926D220AC67FE7391A4FC30FB0F" box="[846,980,1197,1223]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">P. raphanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
showed that those collected off the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="88C305A4D220AC67F85B91A7FF0CFB23" name="Philippines" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
and described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="944538C5D220AC67FC8A91DBFD72FB23" author="Levi, C. & Levi, P." box="[439,662,1233,1259]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" pagination="25 - 103" refId="ref13992" refString="Levi, C. & Levi, P. (1989) Spongiaires (MUSORSTOM 1 & 2). In: Forest, J. (Ed.), Resultats des Campagnes MUSORSTOM, Vol. 4. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, A (Zoologie), 143, pp. 25 - 103." type="journal article" year="1989">Lévi & Lévi (1989)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and those from the East
|
||
<collectingCountry id="88C305A4D220AC67FE8F91DBFC11FB23" box="[946,1013,1233,1259]" name="China" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
Sea also have some differences from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="2F6FFB96D220AC67FDFE91FFFF17FAC7" box="[195,243,1269,1295]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens (off Andaman Island) and the specimens from the eastern Indian Ocean (Table 4). The East
|
||
<collectingCountry id="88C305A4D220AC67FDAA9013FF3EFAFB" box="[151,218,1305,1331]" name="China" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
Sea specimens have larger dermal and atrial pentactins and larger macramphidiscs. Some of the largest dermal and atrial pentactins have a pinular ray with spines situated approximately two thirds along the ray in the basal part (similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="37D43EB7D220AC67FC799068FDDCFAB3" authority="Ijima, 1927" authorityName="Ijima" authorityYear="1927" box="[324,568,1377,1403]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Pheronematidae" genus="Pheronema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="weberi">
|
||
<emphasis id="C2A09926D220AC67FC799068FE48FAB3" box="[324,428,1377,1403]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">P. weberi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="944538C5D220AC67FC8E906BFDDCFAB3" author="Ijima, I." box="[435,568,1377,1403]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 383" refId="ref13742" refString="Ijima, I. (1927) The Hexactinellida of the Siboga Expedition. In: Weber, M. (Ed.), Siboga-Expeditie. Uitkomsten op zoologisch, botanisch, oceanographisch en geologisch gebied verzameld in Nederlandsch Oost-lndie 1899 - 1900 aan boord H. M. ' Siboga' onder commando van Luitenant ter zee 1 e kl. G. F. Tydeman. 106 (Monographie VI). E. J. Brill, Leiden, pp. i-viii + 1 - 383." type="book chapter" year="1927">Ijima, 1927</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The specimens off the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="88C305A4D220AC67FE74906BFC23FAB3" box="[841,967,1377,1403]" name="Philippines" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
have stout macramphidiscs with a central whorl of tubercles, the specimens from the East
|
||
<collectingCountry id="88C305A4D220AC67FFFC908FFCE0FA57" box="[705,772,1413,1439]" name="China" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
Sea have similar tuberculated macramphidiscs to those in the specimens from off Western Australia. A specimen
|
||
<collectionCode id="96C5DDF1D220AC67FFC790A3FCAAFA0B" box="[762,846,1449,1475]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">IORAS</collectionCode>
|
||
5/2/sp3320 has an additional unique feature with the atrial pentactins notably larger than the dermal ones. It is likely that subspecies status for these geographically and morphologically different specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="37D43EB7D220AC67FF6590F8FD0FF9C3" box="[600,747,1521,1547]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Pheronematidae" genus="Pheronema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="rhaphanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C2A09926D220AC67FF6590F8FD0FF9C3" box="[600,747,1521,1547]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">P. rhaphanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may be appropriate in future.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F06B4534D220AC67FDFA931EFED1F9BF" blockId="5.[151,1437,153,1655]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis id="C2A09926D220AC67FDFA931EFE85F9E7" bold="true" box="[199,353,1556,1583]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
This species was first recorded from off the Andaman and Nicobar Islands and has also been reported from the Eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="88C305A4D220AC67FC819333FDDAF99B" box="[444,574,1593,1619]" name="Philippines" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
. This record from the Perth Canyon extends the distribution southward in the Indian Ocean.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |