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<document id="F647A6EEFC239A24096FB6266A68411E" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.365.2.1" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13704788" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1725583834612" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Martínez-Azorín, Mario, Crespo, Manuel B., Alonso-Vargas, María Ángeles, Dold, Anthony P., Pinter, Michael &amp; Wetschnig, Wolfgang" docDate="2018" docId="3A75CD49FFF9FFF2FF0CFDCEFC34FC91" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.365.2.1.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 365 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.365.2.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.13:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="13" docTitle="Austronea grandiflora Mart., sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="114" masterDocId="C64CB531FFF2FFFFFF84FF9EFF9DFFF4" masterDocTitle="Austronea (Asparagaceae, Scilloideae), a new genus from southern Africa, including the description of seven new species" masterLastPageNumber="129" masterPageNumber="101" pageNumber="112" updateTime="1725595744820" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
<mods:mods id="998906341B70E720D13B876B7BBF8423" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:title id="DA51F50891C7D38726C17D348992C053">Austronea (Asparagaceae, Scilloideae), a new genus from southern Africa, including the description of seven new species</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="4645388970F6572300A286FD5D48D296" type="personal">
<mods:role id="1489FC4F251EDF7B42C25D13F7D0E364">
<mods:roleTerm id="3403B3E02FC7434A879A5F44BEE2D927">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="7230728D09F7A3AF224BB58D31F83A42">Martínez-Azorín, Mario</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="51F3AAEA9EDAE38D5441CEE45E207EF0" type="personal">
<mods:role id="C0EA52E94D2B1A49F931E20E9AAEDEF1">
<mods:roleTerm id="DF93F8C1728B7C999FDB644D70E8D653">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="96B3FDED14082149B03266BCE52FFBDB">Crespo, Manuel B.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="C2D3BEEE8F701B23F1C330C3F448CAE9" type="personal">
<mods:role id="54C1E79761359C617F893AEAFBCCB1C5">
<mods:roleTerm id="E46A950BF3043B57F889E2F6F0D20CBD">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="D9812FC21755FB3D86DBCF1DBC6CB584">Alonso-Vargas, María Ángeles</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="7BC1192E4E8B6F4028FAFBB1D17E75B3" type="personal">
<mods:role id="F2BC61DE32762946838FDBA1140DFA61">
<mods:roleTerm id="7B8DBE326D44A91B6400C999760FDE2A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="E0DED902713D2BD2068244B6424FFE2F">Dold, Anthony P.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="900AF4CEBED30EAD24721907E9FE95CA">Selmar Schonland Herbarium, Department of Botany, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="7C63854EE6DAF3CECA2CA1544DFA8C19" type="personal">
<mods:role id="5FD40C839EFB7A7EF5C0C4EDE8E5F58E">
<mods:roleTerm id="CE670F9F2EBB27D60A193175F3940B24">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="006F695C33941010348A95DA9975BFFB">Pinter, Michael</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="2D5A989E3B0DEBCAFCD3510896F0AD5F">Institute of Biology, Division Plant Sciences, NAWI Graz, Karl-Franzens University Graz, Holteigasse 6, A- 8010 Graz, Austria.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:role id="2ED8901AF6F3EACBD129B46500C714CF">
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="FFA661C1358E28B5CFDDFB5FF1544309">Wetschnig, Wolfgang</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="76533F37E6872424A6A6113FEE5D8E1E">Institute of Biology, Division Plant Sciences, NAWI Graz, Karl-Franzens University Graz, Holteigasse 6, A- 8010 Graz, Austria.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:title id="C1EEBE9D19A7ADF3243A4850DBC6FDEA">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="F0883E281D5DA8FDC91DCCFFC5582753">
<mods:date id="68D6B8EC018FFEF4A1B0B71479E851C2">2018</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="80B2A52EF20BE07CB45D95E54150F5A4" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="1D7382EC787EE14E913BB12D1C3E4D00">2018-08-21</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="6EA73A04B9CFC03206FFDB68BE19B1C3" type="volume">
<mods:number id="AD9CD97555CAAC37DA74E30573F2811B">365</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
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<mods:number id="97774BF50F9363A05D62780E31F2F349">2</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="495F7D77165DBCF8CCF2718B720F6DBA">101</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="B81A7C042848DFA2F92B89AC1ADF2AF1">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.365.2.1</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="46C439C890AD89B04E5DA5237C6EAE27">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="8612215DC0E4BA48DF31E0F29557531E" type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.365.2.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="1238B9AB199D73547D68C0DC33CD63AF" type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="A178541C4FF2ED6F45D9831FF1E6585D" type="Zenodo-Dep">13704788</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="3A75CD49FFF9FFF2FF0CFDCEFC34FC91" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13704800" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13704800" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3A75CD49FFF9FFF2FF0CFDCEFC34FC91" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3A75CD49FFF9FFF2FF0CFDCEFC34FC91" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="114" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">
<subSubSection id="FAC62FD4FFF9FFF4FF0CFDCEFB01FD9D" box="[136,1180,590,617]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="B2637C5FFFF9FFF4FF0CFDCEFB01FD9D" blockId="11.[136,1452,590,831]" box="[136,1180,590,617]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">
<heading id="E92BCB33FFF9FFF4FF0CFDCEFB01FD9D" box="[136,1180,590,617]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" reason="4">
<emphasis id="80A8A04DFFF9FFF4FF0CFDCEFF00FD9D" bold="true" box="[136,157,592,617]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="75DC07DCFFF9FFF4FF20FDD0FE71FD9D" ID-CoL="8WRKW" authority="Mart." authorityName="Mart." box="[164,492,590,617]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Austronea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grandiflora">
<emphasis id="80A8A04DFFF9FFF4FF20FDD0FE3AFD9D" bold="true" box="[164,423,590,617]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">Austronea grandiflora</emphasis>
Mart.
</taxonomicName>
-Azorín, M.B.Crespo, M.Pinter &amp; Wetschnig
<emphasis id="80A8A04DFFF9FFF4FC6EFDD1FBDDFD9D" bold="true" box="[1002,1088,591,617]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9B9B1D36FFF9FFF4FC6EFDD1FBDDFD9D" box="[1002,1088,591,617]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="2AE760DAFFF9FFF4FBD4FDCEFB09FD9D" box="[1104,1172,592,617]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[136,229,1957,1978]" captionTargetBox="[202,1386,190,1932]" captionTargetId="figure-17@12.[202,1386,190,1932]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Austronea grandiflora Mart.-Azorín et al. from NW of Sutherland (type locality), Northern Cape Province, South Africa, in leaf in the wild on 4 September 2011 and in flower in cultivation in Alicante (Spain) on 15 March 2014 corresponding to MMA828. A. Inflorescence; B. Flowers, frontal and dorsal views; C. Dissected flower in lateral view; D. Gynoecia, lateral views; E. Withered leaf at flowering time; F. Bulb and leaves, lateral views; G. Dissected bulb with leaf. Scale bars: A, F–G: 1 cm; B–E: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13704808" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13704808/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
)
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FAC62FD4FFF9FFF4FF0CFDE8FC2DFD27" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" type="description">
<paragraph id="B2637C5FFFF9FFF4FF0CFDE8FC2DFD27" blockId="11.[136,1452,590,831]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">
<emphasis id="80A8A04DFFF9FFF4FF0CFDE8FF3EFD7F" box="[136,163,630,651]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">Ab</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="75DC07DCFFF9FFF4FF23FDE8FE97FD7F" box="[167,266,630,651]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Austronea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Austronea</taxonomicName>
vermiformi
<emphasis id="80A8A04DFFF9FFF4FE07FDE8FCDFFD5B" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">accedens folio unico angustoque, sed hac multo distincta folio parum carnosulo et magis complanato; floribus superne albicantibus vel laeviter roseocoloratis, majoribus, tepalis</emphasis>
<quantity id="7524D1BAFFF9FFF4FCCCFD04FC24FD5B" box="[840,953,666,687]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.1" metricValueMax="8.6" metricValueMin="7.6" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" unit="mm" value="8.1" valueMax="8.6" valueMin="7.6">
7.6–8.6
<emphasis id="80A8A04DFFF9FFF4FC12FD04FC24FD5B" box="[918,953,666,687]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">mm</emphasis>
</quantity>
long. (nec
<quantity id="7524D1BAFFF9FFF4FBA1FD04FBEFFD5B" box="[1061,1138,666,687]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="4.0">
4–5
<emphasis id="80A8A04DFFF9FFF4FBCBFD04FBEFFD5B" box="[1103,1138,666,687]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">mm</emphasis>
</quantity>
long.) ad margines per anthesin longitudinaliter recurvatis, stylo longiore
<quantity id="7524D1BAFFF9FFF4FDD4FD20FD02FD27" box="[592,671,702,723]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3–4 mm</quantity>
<emphasis id="80A8A04DFFF9FFF4FD22FD20FC98FD27" box="[678,773,702,723]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">long. (nec</emphasis>
<quantity id="7524D1BAFFF9FFF4FC88FD20FCF6FD27" box="[780,875,702,723]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" unit="mm" value="1.75" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.5">
1.5–2
<emphasis id="80A8A04DFFF9FFF4FCCCFD20FCF6FD27" box="[840,875,702,723]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">mm</emphasis>
</quantity>
long.).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FAC62FD4FFF9FFF4FF0CFD7CFEF6F9C1" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="B2637C5FFFF9FFF4FF0CFD7CFC3EFCCB" blockId="11.[136,1452,590,831]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">
<emphasis id="80A8A04DFFF9FFF4FF0CFD7CFF27FD03" bold="true" box="[136,186,738,759]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">Type</emphasis>
:—
<materialsCitation id="02B47602FFF9FFF4FF52FD7CFC02FCCB" collectingDate="2014-04-15" collectionCode="AB, M, A, R, GRA, ABH" country="South Africa" county="Sutherland" elevation="1264" location="Bo-Visrivier" municipality="Sutherland-Calvinia" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" specimenCode="R354" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Northern Cape" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry id="CACB3CCFFFF9FFF4FF52FD7CFE16FD03" box="[214,395,738,759]" name="South Africa" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">SOUTH AFRICA</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="7018B2BDFFF9FFF4FE12FD7CFDB4FD03" box="[406,553,738,759]" country="South Africa" name="Northern Cape" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">Northern Cape</collectingRegion>
.
<collectingCounty id="5B0204D3FFF9FFF4FDB0FD7CFD01FD03" box="[564,668,738,759]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">Sutherland</collectingCounty>
(3220):
<locationDeviation id="A3D1657DFFF9FFF4FD77FD7CFC34FD03" box="[755,937,738,759]" location="Sutherland" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">NW of Sutherland</locationDeviation>
,
<quantity id="7524D1BAFFF9FFF4FC31FD7CFC75FD03" box="[949,1000,738,759]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" unit="km" value="2.0">2 km</quantity>
from
<collectingMunicipality id="5207E625FFF9FFF4FBA2FD7CFB7AFD03" box="[1062,1255,738,759]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">Sutherland-Calvinia</collectingMunicipality>
<specimenCode id="E27AD424FFF9FFF4FB74FD7CFAB9FD03" box="[1264,1316,738,759]" collectionCode="R" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">R354</specimenCode>
road, on turn off to
<location id="B7032A84FFF9FFF4FF7DFC98FEECFCEF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3A75CD49FFF9FFF2FF0CFDCEFC34FC91:B7032A84FFF9FFF4FF7DFC98FEECFCEF" box="[249,369,774,795]" country="South Africa" county="Sutherland" municipality="Sutherland-Calvinia" name="Bo-Visrivier" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" stateProvince="Northern Cape">Bo-Visrivier</location>
(-
<collectionCode id="D4CDE49AFFF9FFF4FE03FC98FE31FCEF" box="[391,428,774,795]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">AB</collectionCode>
), elev.
<quantity id="7524D1BAFFF9FFF4FE76FC98FDA3FCEF" box="[498,574,774,795]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.264" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" unit="m" value="1264.0">
<elevation id="39F19B6CFFF9FFF4FE76FC98FDA3FCEF" box="[498,574,774,795]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.264" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" unit="m" value="1264.0">1264 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="C6625A9FFFF9FFF4FDCCFC98FD4DFCEF" box="[584,720,774,795]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" value="2014-04-15">
<collectingDate id="D626A377FFF9FFF4FDCCFC98FD4DFCEF" box="[584,720,774,795]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" value="2014-04-15">
15 April
<quantity id="7524D1BAFFF9FFF4FD24FC98FD4DFCEF" box="[672,720,774,795]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.11556" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" unit="in" value="2014.0">2014</quantity>
</collectingDate>
</date>
in flower ex hort at
<location id="B7032A84FFF9FFF4FC1DFC98FBEDFCEF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3A75CD49FFF9FFF2FF0CFDCEFC34FC91:B7032A84FFF9FFF4FC1DFC98FBEDFCEF" box="[921,1136,774,795]" country="South Africa" county="Sutherland" municipality="Sutherland-Calvinia" name="University of Alicante" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" stateProvince="Northern Cape">University of Alicante</location>
(Spain),
<emphasis id="80A8A04DFFF9FFF4FB4FFC98FDC8FCCB" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">
<collectionCode id="D4CDE49AFFF9FFF4FB4FFC98FB7FFCEF" box="[1227,1250,774,795]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15637" name="Botanische Staatssammlung München" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" type="Herbarium">M</collectionCode>
. Martínez-Azorín,
<collectionCode id="D4CDE49AFFF9FFF4FA13FC98FA34FCEF" box="[1431,1449,774,795]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
. Martínez-Soler &amp;
<collectionCode id="D4CDE49AFFF9FFF4FEE9FCB4FEE3FCCB" box="[365,382,810,831]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">R</collectionCode>
. McKenzie MMA828b
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="6D67C2FDFFF9FFF4FDE5FCB4FD24FCCB" box="[609,697,810,831]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
,
<collectionCode id="D4CDE49AFFF9FFF4FD47FCB4FD60FCCB" box="[707,765,810,831]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14985" name="Albany Museum" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" type="Herbarium">GRA</collectionCode>
!;
<typeStatus id="6D67C2FDFFF9FFF4FC8EFCB4FCCFFCCB" box="[778,850,810,831]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" type="isotype">isotype</typeStatus>
,
<collectionCode id="D4CDE49AFFF9FFF4FCDEFCB4FC08FCCB" box="[858,917,810,831]" country="Spain" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14846" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14846" name="Universidad de Alicante" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" type="Herbarium">ABH</collectionCode>
!)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B2637C5FFFF9FFF4FF0CFCEEFEF6F9C1" blockId="11.[136,1452,880,2093]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">
Herbaceous deciduous geophyte. Bulb hypogeal, solitary, subglobose and usually depressed, 13–21 ×
<quantity id="7524D1BAFFF9FFF4FAACFCEEFA3AFC7D" box="[1320,1447,880,905]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" unit="mm" value="22.5" valueMax="27.0" valueMin="18.0">18–27 mm</quantity>
, extended into a hypogeal neck
<quantity id="7524D1BAFFF9FFF4FE7CFC0AFDD2FC59" box="[504,591,916,941]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" unit="cm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3 cm</quantity>
long, with pale brown membranous outer tunics and white fleshy tightly packed inner tunics. Roots fleshy, white, branched, 5–30 ×
<quantity id="7524D1BAFFF9FFF4FCAAFC26FC38FC25" box="[814,933,952,977]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" unit="mm" value="0.8" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.6">0.6–1 mm</quantity>
. Leaf solitary, withered or almost withered at flowering time, aerial portion 25–52 ×
<quantity id="7524D1BAFFF9FFF4FDC0FC42FD38FC01" box="[580,677,988,1013]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" unit="mm" value="5.0" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="4.0">4–6 mm</quantity>
, lorate-lanceolate, flattened, slightly contracted at ground level, dull dark green, usually showing a dark purplish ring at base, leathery, smooth, margins smooth or with minute papillae, prostrate to suberect, slightly curved, with a white hypogeal leaf portion connecting to the bulb neck. Inflorescence nodding in bud, raceme
<quantity id="7524D1BAFFF9FFF4FE1DFBD6FE6BFB95" box="[409,502,1096,1121]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="2.0">2–5 mm</quantity>
long, capitate or subglobose, with 4–11 flowers; peduncle (2–)
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long, erect or flexuose, glabrous, smooth; pedicels 10–15(–22) mm long at anthesis, suberect to spreading; bracts ovate-lanceolate,
<quantity id="7524D1BAFFF9FFF4FF0CFB0EFF66FB5D" box="[136,251,1168,1193]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" unit="mm" value="1.75" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.5">1.5–2 mm</quantity>
long, clasping the pedicels, spurred, the lowermost with a spur of
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long, membranous, white with a central darker band. Flowers pentacyclic, trimerous, stellate, opening in the afternoon and withering in the evening, up to 5 flowers open at a time, flower buds red. Tepals 6, entire, pinkish white on the adaxial side with a reddish darker longitudinal central band on the abaxial side, glandulous at the apex, biseriate, outer overlapping inner at the base, connate for ca.
<quantity id="7524D1BAFFF9FFF4FEF0FABEFE57FACD" box="[372,458,1312,1337]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
to form a cup, free portions spreading; outer tepals lanceolate-oblong, 7.8–8.5 ×
<quantity id="7524D1BAFFF9FFF4FADCFABEFF2BFAA9" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" unit="mm" value="1.95" valueMax="2.1" valueMin="1.8">1.8–2.1 mm</quantity>
, with margins distinctly longitudinally revolute at anthesis which touch together to form a narrow atenuate distal half; inner tepals lanceolate, 7.6–8.4 ×
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, with margins somewhat revolute at anthesis although not touching together. Stamens 6, suberect, adnate to perigone for ca.
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; filaments white, fleshy, subterete and attenuate to the apex, 6–7 ×
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, smooth; anthers yellow, oblong, ca.
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long before dehiscence, dehiscing by longitudinal slits, with yellow pollen. Ovary reddish, obovoid, somewhat truncate to the style, 2–2.5 ×
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; style white, columnar,
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long, slightly contracted at the base, trigonous in transversal section; stigma small and slightly papillate. Capsule and seeds unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FAC62FD4FFF9FFF4FF39F9DEFC76F8F9" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="B2637C5FFFF9FFF4FF39F9DEFE7DF989" blockId="11.[136,1452,880,2093]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">
<emphasis id="80A8A04DFFF9FFF4FF39F9DEFEA3F9AD" bold="true" box="[189,318,1600,1625]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">Etymology</emphasis>
:—Named after its large flowers when compared to most other species in
<taxonomicName id="75DC07DCFFF9FFF4FBEEF9DEFB41F9AD" box="[1130,1244,1600,1625]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Austronea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="80A8A04DFFF9FFF4FBEEF9DEFB41F9AD" box="[1130,1244,1600,1625]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">Austronea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, only approaching the size of
<taxonomicName id="75DC07DCFFF9FFF4FE86F9FAFE44F989" box="[258,473,1636,1661]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Drimia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fimbrimarginata">
<emphasis id="80A8A04DFFF9FFF4FE86F9FAFE44F989" box="[258,473,1636,1661]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">A. fimbrimarginata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B2637C5FFFF9FFF4FF39F916FD54F931" blockId="11.[136,1452,880,2093]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">
<emphasis id="80A8A04DFFF9FFF4FF39F916FEA4F955" bold="true" box="[189,313,1672,1697]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">Phenology</emphasis>
:—
<taxonomicName id="75DC07DCFFF9FFF4FEDAF916FDC5F955" box="[350,600,1672,1697]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Austronea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grandiflora">
<emphasis id="80A8A04DFFF9FFF4FEDAF916FDC5F955" box="[350,600,1672,1697]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">Austronea grandiflora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
flowers in November-December in the wild. In cultivation at the University of Alicante (
<collectingCountry id="CACB3CCFFFF9FFF4FE97F932FECBF931" box="[275,342,1708,1733]" name="Spain" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">Spain</collectingCountry>
) it flowered from March to May.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B2637C5FFFF9FFF4FF39F94EFC76F8F9" blockId="11.[136,1452,880,2093]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">
<emphasis id="80A8A04DFFF9FFF4FF39F94EFE84F91D" bold="true" box="[189,281,1744,1769]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">Habitat</emphasis>
:—Grows on stony ground on inland plateaus between 1000 and
<quantity id="7524D1BAFFF9FFF4FC6FF94EFBA2F91D" box="[1003,1087,1744,1769]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500 m</quantity>
elevation with scarce vegetation in the Nama Karoo or Succulent Karoo biomes (
<bibRefCitation id="D64D01AEFFF9FFF4FD21F96AFC42F8F9" author="Mucina, L. &amp; Rutherford M. C." box="[677,991,1780,1805]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" refId="ref21872" refString="Mucina, L. &amp; Rutherford M. C. (Eds.) (2006) The vegetation of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, 807 pp." type="book" year="2006">Mucina &amp; Rutherford 2006</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FAC62FD4FFF9FFF2FF39F886FC34FC91" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="114" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="B2637C5FFFF9FFF4FF39F886FAD6F8A1" blockId="11.[136,1452,880,2093]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">
<emphasis id="80A8A04DFFF9FFF4FF39F886FED2F8C5" bold="true" box="[189,335,1816,1841]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">Distribution</emphasis>
:—
<taxonomicName id="75DC07DCFFF9FFF4FEF7F886FDF3F8C5" box="[371,622,1816,1841]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Austronea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grandiflora">
<emphasis id="80A8A04DFFF9FFF4FEF7F886FDF3F8C5" box="[371,622,1816,1841]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">Austronea grandiflora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known from some inland localities in the surroundings of Calvinia and the Roggeveld escarpment in the south western parts of the
<collectingRegion id="7018B2BDFFF9FFF4FCA1F8A2FBABF8A1" box="[805,1078,1852,1877]" country="South Africa" name="Northern Cape" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">Northern Cape Province</collectingRegion>
of
<collectingCountry id="CACB3CCFFFF9FFF4FBDFF8A2FB74F8A1" box="[1115,1257,1852,1877]" name="South Africa" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">South Africa</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="2AE760DAFFF9FFF4FB7CF8A2FAA1F8A1" box="[1272,1340,1852,1877]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[136,229,1320,1341]" captionTargetBox="[178,1425,518,1282]" captionTargetId="figure-156@10.[151,1436,497,1294]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Distribution of Austronea species in southern Africa. A. densiflora Mart.-Azorín et al. (red circle), A. grandiflora Mart.- Azorín et al. (blue square), A. hispidoplicata Mart.-Azorín et al. (yellow triangle) and A. papillosa Mart.-Azorín et al. (green diamond)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13704806" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13704806/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B2637C5FFFF9FFF2FF39F8FEFEDFFD79" blockId="11.[136,1452,880,2093]" lastBlockId="13.[136,1452,160,869]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="114" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">
<emphasis id="80A8A04DFFF9FFF4FF39F8FEFC87F88D" bold="true" box="[189,794,1888,1913]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">Diagnostic characters and taxonomic relationships</emphasis>
:—
<taxonomicName id="75DC07DCFFF9FFF4FCB9F8FEFBA5F88D" box="[829,1080,1888,1913]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Austronea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grandiflora">
<emphasis id="80A8A04DFFF9FFF4FCB9F8FEFBA5F88D" box="[829,1080,1888,1913]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">Austronea grandiflora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is easily identified by the single, flat, lorate-lanceolate leaf, with smooth, not thickened, margin only minutely papillate when dry; the subcorymbose inflorescence with large flowers; tepals
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long, pinkish white on the adaxial side with a reddish band on the abaxial side, with margins distinctly revolute longitudinally at anthesis and style
<quantity id="7524D1BAFFF9FFF4FBECF852FB54F811" box="[1128,1225,1996,2021]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3–4 mm</quantity>
long. Most species of
<taxonomicName id="75DC07DCFFF9FFF4FF2CF86EFE87F7FD" box="[168,282,2032,2057]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Austronea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="80A8A04DFFF9FFF4FF2CF86EFE87F7FD" box="[168,282,2032,2057]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">Austronea</emphasis>
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show smaller tepals, only
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long, except in
<taxonomicName id="75DC07DCFFF9FFF4FCECF86EFBDCF7FD" box="[872,1089,2032,2057]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Drimia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fimbrimarginata">
<emphasis id="80A8A04DFFF9FFF4FCECF86EFBDCF7FD" box="[872,1089,2032,2057]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">A. fimbrimarginata</emphasis>
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up to
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long, but the latter species showing very different leaves and flowers (
<bibRefCitation id="D64D01AEFFF9FFF4FD3FF78AFC74F7D9" author="Snijman, D. A. &amp; Harrower, A. D." box="[699,1001,2068,2093]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" pagination="233 - 237" refId="ref22335" refString="Snijman, D. A. &amp; Harrower, A. D. (2009) A new species of Drimia (Urgineoideae) from the Knersvlakte, Western Cape, South Africa. Bothalia 39: 233 - 237." type="journal article" year="2009">Snijman &amp; Harrower 2009</bibRefCitation>
). The single, elongated leaf of
<taxonomicName id="75DC07DCFFF9FFF2FABDF78AFE92FF4D" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Austronea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="114" order="Asparagales" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grandiflora">
<emphasis id="80A8A04DFFF9FFF2FABDF78AFE92FF4D" italics="true" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="114" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">Austronea grandiflora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to that of
<taxonomicName id="75DC07DCFFFFFFF2FE6FFF3EFD0DFF4D" box="[491,656,160,185]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Drimia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vermiformis">
<emphasis id="80A8A04DFFFFFFF2FE6FFF3EFD0DFF4D" box="[491,656,160,185]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="114">A. vermiformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, the study of plants of the latter species from the
<typeStatus id="6D67C2FDFFFFFFF2FAA5FF3EFACCFF4D" box="[1313,1361,160,185]" pageId="13" pageNumber="114">type</typeStatus>
locality (Martínez-Azorín
<emphasis id="80A8A04DFFFFFFF2FEDCFF5AFD9AFF29" box="[344,519,196,221]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="114">et al. MMA796</emphasis>
, ABH59723!) show more succulent and less flattened leaves, and much smaller flowers, as said before. The original concept of
<taxonomicName id="75DC07DCFFFFFFF2FD2BFF76FB6EFEF5" authority="sensu Manning &amp; Goldblatt (2007)" authorityName="sensu Manning &amp; Goldblatt" authorityYear="2007" box="[687,1267,232,257]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Drimia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vermiformis">
<emphasis id="80A8A04DFFFFFFF2FD2BFF76FC02FEF5" box="[687,927,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="114">A. vermiformis sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D64D01AEFFFFFFF2FC2CFF76FB6EFEF5" author="Manning, J. C. &amp; Goldblatt, P." box="[936,1267,232,257]" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" pagination="183 - 187" refId="ref21151" refString="Manning, J. C. &amp; Goldblatt, P. (2007) New species of Drimia (Hyacinthaceae: Urgineoideae) allied to Drimia marginata from Western and Northern Cape, South Africa. Bothalia 37: 183 - 187. https: // doi. org / 10.4102 / abc. v 37 i 1.313" type="journal article" year="2007">Manning &amp; Goldblatt (2007)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
was very broad and included several populations with narrow elongated leaves and variable width, occurring from the Bushmanland in the
<collectingRegion id="7018B2BDFFFFFFF2FF4AFEAEFEE9FEBD" box="[206,372,304,329]" country="South Africa" name="Northern Cape" pageId="13" pageNumber="114">Northern Cape</collectingRegion>
to the Roggeveld and Nuweberg escarpments, extending to the Doring River and lower Olifants River valleys and as far east as the Little Karoo. Our study shows that this broad concept should be separated into two further species, one
<taxonomicName id="75DC07DCFFFFFFF2FE1AFEE6FDA2FE65" box="[414,575,376,401]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Austronea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grandiflora">
<emphasis id="80A8A04DFFFFFFF2FE1AFEE6FDA2FE65" box="[414,575,376,401]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="114">A. grandiflora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurring on the Roggeveld escarpment and the other
<taxonomicName id="75DC07DCFFFFFFF2FB2FFEE6FABCFE65" box="[1195,1313,376,401]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Austronea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
<emphasis id="80A8A04DFFFFFFF2FB2FFEE6FABCFE65" box="[1195,1313,376,401]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="114">A. linearis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see below) for populations from the Bushmanland to the Little Karoo, therefore restricting
<taxonomicName id="75DC07DCFFFFFFF2FB95FE02FB25FE41" authorityName="sensu Manning &amp; Goldblatt" authorityYear="2007" box="[1041,1208,412,437]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Drimia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vermiformis">
<emphasis id="80A8A04DFFFFFFF2FB95FE02FB25FE41" box="[1041,1208,412,437]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="114">A. vermiformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to the lower Olifants River valley.
<taxonomicName id="75DC07DCFFFFFFF2FE9AFE5EFD96FE2D" box="[286,523,448,473]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Austronea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marginata">
<emphasis id="80A8A04DFFFFFFF2FE9AFE5EFD96FE2D" box="[286,523,448,473]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="114">Austronea marginata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="75DC07DCFFFFFFF2FDC5FE5EFD27FE2D" box="[577,698,448,473]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Austronea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ecklonii">
<emphasis id="80A8A04DFFFFFFF2FDC5FE5EFD27FE2D" box="[577,698,448,473]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="114">A. ecklonii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also share the flat, elongated leaf with
<taxonomicName id="75DC07DCFFFFFFF2FBF5FE5EFA8CFE2D" box="[1137,1297,448,473]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Austronea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grandiflora">
<emphasis id="80A8A04DFFFFFFF2FBF5FE5EFA8CFE2D" box="[1137,1297,448,473]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="114">A. grandiflora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However,
<taxonomicName id="75DC07DCFFFFFFF2FA17FE5EFF61FE09" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Austronea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marginata">
<emphasis id="80A8A04DFFFFFFF2FA17FE5EFF61FE09" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="114">A. marginata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
clearly differs by the shorter and wider leaf, with margins thickened and densely and minutely retrorsely scabridulous, and the pale brown small flowers with tepals only ca.
<quantity id="7524D1BAFFFFFFF2FC0CFD96FC54FDD5" box="[904,969,520,545]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
long (
<bibRefCitation id="D64D01AEFFFFFFF2FB96FD96FAD6FDD5" author="Manning, J. C. &amp; Goldblatt, P." box="[1042,1355,520,545]" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" pagination="183 - 187" refId="ref21151" refString="Manning, J. C. &amp; Goldblatt, P. (2007) New species of Drimia (Hyacinthaceae: Urgineoideae) allied to Drimia marginata from Western and Northern Cape, South Africa. Bothalia 37: 183 - 187. https: // doi. org / 10.4102 / abc. v 37 i 1.313" type="journal article" year="2007">Manning &amp; Goldblatt 2007</bibRefCitation>
), among other characters.
<taxonomicName id="75DC07DCFFFFFFF2FECFFDB2FD82FDB1" box="[331,543,556,581]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Austronea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ecklonii">
<emphasis id="80A8A04DFFFFFFF2FECFFDB2FD82FDB1" box="[331,543,556,581]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="114">Austronea ecklonii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(=
<taxonomicName id="75DC07DCFFFFFFF2FDCDFDB2FD67FDB1" box="[585,762,556,581]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Drimia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ligulata">
<emphasis id="80A8A04DFFFFFFF2FDCDFDB2FD67FDB1" box="[585,762,556,581]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="114">Drimia ligulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) differs by the more numerous (up to 4), usually longer and wider leaves with thickened, papillate or colliculate margins and the small flowers as in
<taxonomicName id="75DC07DCFFFFFFF2FB04FDCEFEA3FD79" authority="(Manning &amp; Goldblatt 2007)" baseAuthorityName="Manning &amp; Goldblatt" baseAuthorityYear="2007" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Austronea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marginata">
<emphasis id="80A8A04DFFFFFFF2FB04FDCEFA88FD9D" box="[1152,1301,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="114">A. marginata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="D64D01AEFFFFFFF2FAA2FDCEFEABFD79" author="Manning, J. C. &amp; Goldblatt, P." pageId="13" pageNumber="114" pagination="183 - 187" refId="ref21151" refString="Manning, J. C. &amp; Goldblatt, P. (2007) New species of Drimia (Hyacinthaceae: Urgineoideae) allied to Drimia marginata from Western and Northern Cape, South Africa. Bothalia 37: 183 - 187. https: // doi. org / 10.4102 / abc. v 37 i 1.313" type="journal article" year="2007">Manning &amp; Goldblatt 2007</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="E6A32CD7FFFEFFF3FF0CF83BFB73F7D2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13704808" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13704808" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13704808/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="113" startId="12.[136,229,1957,1978]" targetBox="[202,1386,190,1932]" targetPageId="12" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="B2637C5FFFFEFFF3FF0CF83BFB73F7D2" blockId="12.[136,1452,1957,2086]" pageId="12" pageNumber="113">
<emphasis id="80A8A04DFFFEFFF3FF0CF83BFF63F84E" bold="true" box="[136,254,1957,1978]" pageId="12" pageNumber="113">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="75DC07DCFFFEFFF3FE80F83BFD8BF84E" authority="Mart." authorityName="Mart." box="[260,534,1957,1978]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Austronea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="12" pageNumber="113" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grandiflora">
<emphasis id="80A8A04DFFFEFFF3FE80F83BFE46F84E" box="[260,475,1957,1978]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="113">Austronea grandiflora</emphasis>
Mart.
</taxonomicName>
-Azorín
<emphasis id="80A8A04DFFFEFFF3FDE2F83BFD05F84E" box="[614,664,1957,1978]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="113">et al.</emphasis>
from NW of Sutherland (type locality), Northern Cape Province, South Africa, in leaf in the wild on 4 September 2011 and in flower in cultivation in Alicante (Spain) on 15 March 2014 corresponding to
<emphasis id="80A8A04DFFFEFFF3FAA8F857FA1AF82A" box="[1324,1415,1993,2014]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="113">MMA828</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="80A8A04DFFFEFFF3FA10F857FA31F82A" bold="true" box="[1428,1452,1993,2014]" pageId="12" pageNumber="113">A.</emphasis>
Inflorescence;
<emphasis id="80A8A04DFFFEFFF3FE93F873FEB0F7F6" bold="true" box="[279,301,2029,2050]" pageId="12" pageNumber="113">B.</emphasis>
Flowers, frontal and dorsal views;
<emphasis id="80A8A04DFFFEFFF3FD01F873FD01F7F6" bold="true" box="[645,668,2029,2050]" pageId="12" pageNumber="113">C.</emphasis>
Dissected flower in lateral view;
<emphasis id="80A8A04DFFFEFFF3FC61F873FC61F7F6" bold="true" box="[997,1020,2029,2050]" pageId="12" pageNumber="113">D.</emphasis>
Gynoecia, lateral views;
<emphasis id="80A8A04DFFFEFFF3FB70F873FA97F7F6" bold="true" box="[1268,1290,2029,2050]" pageId="12" pageNumber="113">E.</emphasis>
Withered leaf at flowering time;
<emphasis id="80A8A04DFFFEFFF3FEA7F78FFEA8F7D2" bold="true" box="[291,309,2065,2086]" pageId="12" pageNumber="113">F.</emphasis>
Bulb and leaves, lateral views;
<emphasis id="80A8A04DFFFEFFF3FDE3F78FFDE7F7D2" bold="true" box="[615,634,2065,2086]" pageId="12" pageNumber="113">G</emphasis>
. Dissected bulb with leaf. Scale bars: A, F–G: 1 cm; B–E: 5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="B2637C5FFFFFFFF2FF39FD06FC34FC91" blockId="13.[136,1452,160,869]" pageId="13" pageNumber="114">
<materialsCitation id="02B47602FFFFFFF2FF39FD06FD90FD0D" collectingDate="1970-12-08" collectingDateMax="1971-07-22" collectingDateMin="1970-12-08" collectionCode="E, AC, M, PRE" country="South Africa" county="Calvinia" location="Thomas" municipality="Calvinia on Brandvlei-Williston" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" specimenCode="NBG118025" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Northern Cape">
<emphasis id="80A8A04DFFFFFFF2FF39FD06FD06FD45" bold="true" box="[189,667,664,689]" pageId="13" pageNumber="114">
<typeStatus id="6D67C2FDFFFFFFF2FF39FD06FE37FD45" box="[189,426,664,689]" isOtherTypeStatus="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="114">Additional material</typeStatus>
studied (
<typeStatus id="6D67C2FDFFFFFFF2FD9EFD06FD09FD45" box="[538,660,664,689]" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
)
</emphasis>
:—
<collectingCountry id="CACB3CCFFFFFFFF2FD38FD06FC10FD45" box="[700,909,664,689]" name="South Africa" pageId="13" pageNumber="114">SOUTH AFRICA</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="7018B2BDFFFFFFF2FC1DFD06FBDEFD45" box="[921,1091,664,689]" country="South Africa" name="Northern Cape" pageId="13" pageNumber="114">Northern Cape</collectingRegion>
.
<collectingCounty id="5B0204D3FFFFFFF2FBCBFD06FB33FD45" box="[1103,1198,664,689]" pageId="13" pageNumber="114">Calvinia</collectingCounty>
(3120):
<quantity id="7524D1BAFFFFFFF2FA95FD06FAEEFD45" box="[1297,1395,664,689]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.218688" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" unit="mi" value="20.0">20 miles</quantity>
<collectionCode id="D4CDE49AFFFFFFF2FAFFFD06FA11FD45" box="[1403,1420,664,689]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15670" name="Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" type="Herbarium">E</collectionCode>
of
<collectingMunicipality id="5207E625FFFFFFF2FF0CFD22FE6AFD21" box="[136,503,700,725]" pageId="13" pageNumber="114">Calvinia on Brandvlei-Williston</collectingMunicipality>
road (-
<collectionCode id="D4CDE49AFFFFFFF2FDC9FD22FDE4FD21" box="[589,633,700,725]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12582" name="Amherst College, Beneski Museum of Natural History" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" type="University or college">AC</collectionCode>
), photos of flowers
<date id="C6625A9FFFFFFFF2FCE2FD22FBABFD21" box="[870,1078,700,725]" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" value="1970-12-08">
<collectingDate id="D626A377FFFFFFF2FCE2FD22FBABFD21" box="[870,1078,700,725]" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" value="1970-12-08">8 December 1970</collectingDate>
</date>
, photo of leaf
<date id="C6625A9FFFFFFFF2FB60FD22FAE3FD21" box="[1252,1406,700,725]" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" value="1971-07-22">
<collectingDate id="D626A377FFFFFFF2FB60FD22FAE3FD21" box="[1252,1406,700,725]" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" value="1971-07-22">22 July 1971</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="80A8A04DFFFFFFF2FA09FD22FE93FD0D" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="114">
<collectionCode id="D4CDE49AFFFFFFF2FA09FD22FA35FD21" box="[1421,1448,700,725]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15637" name="Botanische Staatssammlung München" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" type="Herbarium">M</collectionCode>
.
<location id="B7032A84FFFFFFF2FF0CFD7EFF7CFD0D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3A75CD49FFF9FFF2FF0CFDCEFC34FC91:B7032A84FFFFFFF2FF0CFD7EFF7CFD0D" box="[136,225,736,761]" country="South Africa" county="Calvinia" municipality="Calvinia on Brandvlei-Williston" name="Thomas" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" stateProvince="Northern Cape">Thomas</location>
s.n.
</emphasis>
(
<specimenCode id="E27AD424FFFFFFF2FE99FD7EFE28FD0D" box="[285,437,736,761]" collectionCode="NBG" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15565" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15565" name="South African National Biodiversity Institute" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" type="Herbarium">NBG118025</specimenCode>
!,
<collectionCode id="D4CDE49AFFFFFFF2FE47FD7EFD9DFD0D" box="[451,512,736,761]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15547" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15547" name="South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI)" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" type="Herbarium">PRE</collectionCode>
!)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="02B47602FFFFFFF2FD9CFD7EFDC6FCB5" collectingDate="2011-09-04" collectionCode="AB, M, A, R" country="South Africa" county="Sutherland" elevation="1264" location="Bo-Visrivier" municipality="Sutherland-Calvinia" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" specimenCode="R354, ABH59543" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Northern Cape">
<collectingCounty id="5B0204D3FFFFFFF2FD9CFD7EFD0CFD0D" box="[536,657,736,761]" pageId="13" pageNumber="114">Sutherland</collectingCounty>
(3220):
<locationDeviation id="A3D1657DFFFFFFF2FD75FD7EFC5DFD0D" box="[753,960,736,761]" location="Sutherland" pageId="13" pageNumber="114">NW of Sutherland</locationDeviation>
,
<quantity id="7524D1BAFFFFFFF2FC4FFD7EFB9EFD0D" box="[971,1027,736,761]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" unit="km" value="2.0">2 km</quantity>
from
<collectingMunicipality id="5207E625FFFFFFF2FBC3FD7EFAB4FD0D" box="[1095,1321,736,761]" pageId="13" pageNumber="114">Sutherland-Calvinia</collectingMunicipality>
<specimenCode id="E27AD424FFFFFFF2FAABFD7EFAF1FD0D" box="[1327,1388,736,761]" collectionCode="R" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="13" pageNumber="114">R354</specimenCode>
road, on turn off to
<location id="B7032A84FFFFFFF2FEADFC9AFE28FCE9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3A75CD49FFF9FFF2FF0CFDCEFC34FC91:B7032A84FFFFFFF2FEADFC9AFE28FCE9" box="[297,437,772,797]" country="South Africa" county="Sutherland" municipality="Sutherland-Calvinia" name="Bo-Visrivier" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" stateProvince="Northern Cape">Bo-Visrivier</location>
(-
<collectionCode id="D4CDE49AFFFFFFF2FE4AFC9AFE67FCE9" box="[462,506,772,797]" pageId="13" pageNumber="114">AB</collectionCode>
), elev.
<quantity id="7524D1BAFFFFFFF2FDC8FC9AFD39FCE9" box="[588,676,772,797]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.264" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" unit="m" value="1264.0">
<elevation id="39F19B6CFFFFFFF2FDC8FC9AFD39FCE9" box="[588,676,772,797]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.264" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" unit="m" value="1264.0">1264 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="C6625A9FFFFFFFF2FD36FC9AFCE2FCE9" box="[690,895,772,797]" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" value="2011-09-04">
<collectingDate id="D626A377FFFFFFF2FD36FC9AFCE2FCE9" box="[690,895,772,797]" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" value="2011-09-04">4 September 2011</collectingDate>
</date>
(in leaf),
<emphasis id="80A8A04DFFFFFFF2FC76FC9AFE2EFCB5" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="114">
<collectionCode id="D4CDE49AFFFFFFF2FC76FC9AFB90FCE9" box="[1010,1037,772,797]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15637" name="Botanische Staatssammlung München" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" type="Herbarium">M</collectionCode>
. Martínez-Azorín,
<collectionCode id="D4CDE49AFFFFFFF2FB65FC9AFB68FCE9" box="[1249,1269,772,797]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
. Martínez-Soler &amp;
<collectionCode id="D4CDE49AFFFFFFF2FF21FCB6FF24FCB5" box="[165,185,808,833]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="13" pageNumber="114">R</collectionCode>
. McKenzie MMA828a
</emphasis>
(
<specimenCode id="E27AD424FFFFFFF2FE47FCB6FDD2FCB5" box="[451,591,808,833]" collectionCode="ABH" country="Spain" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14846" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14846" name="Universidad de Alicante" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" type="Herbarium">ABH59543</specimenCode>
!)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="02B47602FFFFFFF2FDE3FCB6FC38FC91" collectingDate="2015-11-05" collectionCode="N, BA, M, ABH" country="South Africa" elevation="1486" location="Sutherland" municipality="Sutherland" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" specimenCode="R354" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Northern Cape">
<collectingMunicipality id="5207E625FFFFFFF2FDE3FCB6FD7DFCB5" box="[615,736,808,833]" pageId="13" pageNumber="114">Sutherland</collectingMunicipality>
(3220): ca.
<quantity id="7524D1BAFFFFFFF2FCECFCB6FC32FCB5" box="[872,943,808,833]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" unit="km" value="24.0">24 km</quantity>
<collectionCode id="D4CDE49AFFFFFFF2FC32FCB6FC57FCB5" box="[950,970,808,833]" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13092" name="Nanjing University" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" type="Herbarium">N</collectionCode>
<location id="B7032A84FFFFFFF2FC56FCB6FBD6FCB5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3A75CD49FFF9FFF2FF0CFDCEFC34FC91:B7032A84FFFFFFF2FC56FCB6FBD6FCB5" box="[978,1099,808,833]" country="South Africa" municipality="Sutherland" name="Sutherland" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" stateProvince="Northern Cape">Sutherland</location>
on
<specimenCode id="E27AD424FFFFFFF2FBF1FCB6FB28FCB5" box="[1141,1205,808,833]" collectionCode="R" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="13" pageNumber="114">R354</specimenCode>
, roadside (-
<collectionCode id="D4CDE49AFFFFFFF2FAB3FCB6FAFEFCB5" box="[1335,1379,808,833]" country="Argentina" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15002" name="Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" type="Herbarium">BA</collectionCode>
), elev.
<quantity id="7524D1BAFFFFFFF2FF0CFCD2FF42FC91" box="[136,223,844,869]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.486" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" unit="m" value="1486.0">
<elevation id="39F19B6CFFFFFFF2FF0CFCD2FF42FC91" box="[136,223,844,869]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.486" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" unit="m" value="1486.0">1486 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="C6625A9FFFFFFFF2FF6FFCD2FE28FC91" box="[235,437,844,869]" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" value="2015-11-05">
<collectingDate id="D626A377FFFFFFF2FF6FFCD2FE28FC91" box="[235,437,844,869]" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" value="2015-11-05">
5 November
<quantity id="7524D1BAFFFFFFF2FEF9FCD2FE28FC91" box="[381,437,844,869]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1181" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" unit="in" value="2015.0">2015</quantity>
</collectingDate>
</date>
in flower,
<emphasis id="80A8A04DFFFFFFF2FDABFCD2FCD9FC91" box="[559,836,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="114">
<collectionCode id="D4CDE49AFFFFFFF2FDABFCD2FDD7FC91" box="[559,586,844,869]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15637" name="Botanische Staatssammlung München" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" type="Herbarium">M</collectionCode>
. Pinter s.n. WW05291
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="D4CDE49AFFFFFFF2FCD7FCD2FC05FC91" box="[851,920,844,869]" country="Spain" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14846" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14846" name="Universidad de Alicante" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" type="Herbarium">ABH</collectionCode>
!)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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