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<document id="101236EF2D32C0D7B0EE3C6B8D29776D" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.365.2.1" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13704788" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1725583834612" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Martínez-Azorín, Mario, Crespo, Manuel B., Alonso-Vargas, María Ángeles, Dold, Anthony P., Pinter, Michael &amp; Wetschnig, Wolfgang" docDate="2018" docId="3A75CD49FFE6FFE9FF0CFA12FEA6FAA9" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.365.2.1.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 365 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.365.2.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.13:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="13" docTitle="Austronea papillosa Mart., sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="123" masterDocId="C64CB531FFF2FFFFFF84FF9EFF9DFFF4" masterDocTitle="Austronea (Asparagaceae, Scilloideae), a new genus from southern Africa, including the description of seven new species" masterLastPageNumber="129" masterPageNumber="101" pageNumber="121" updateTime="1725595744820" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
<mods:mods id="93015DE203D3310E30FE781510606D3F" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="5502788520C11AC5D26B475C49E5A5CA">
<mods:title id="380570F16C619E34FE62ABE1F42D2470">Austronea (Asparagaceae, Scilloideae), a new genus from southern Africa, including the description of seven new species</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="D55EC64C5419F43FFE86DEC39DB4F97E" type="personal">
<mods:role id="AECB8DF745271559FAA999A221F0CA75">
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="D3F6857AA7B48DEBD8C24F43A42212DA">Martínez-Azorín, Mario</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="D883C77FD4CE119CC034C7ADE6E1191B" type="personal">
<mods:role id="8F04691E1B856276B3B3E045E5D0C2E6">
<mods:roleTerm id="7D8D10E86B5E9B5242B07DEDE2268EC9">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="3869624666808BE68420557B42695BC3">Crespo, Manuel B.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="12F2AEF95359C8043CEC8CD3223AC6E7" type="personal">
<mods:role id="F5CBAE06BA3874414A3743557AA2DF58">
<mods:roleTerm id="83D915312EF583BA8ABB565B120A34E5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="DD60BB66F6F425CECD05D3CA5750C4D9">Alonso-Vargas, María Ángeles</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="FF249B98341A560F9A4C11E087AA6FBA" type="personal">
<mods:role id="F173A905FD7CDBB9102750CC034F720E">
<mods:roleTerm id="B96DE6E756ED896F5D6D1FB98114D167">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="450C9EFF48A23921E0E77C54E569CE4A">Dold, Anthony P.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="589CE37D709FD33E5ABCC8F7DD7632A9">Selmar Schonland Herbarium, Department of Botany, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="DABEC2364799ABA61BB44305033FC416" type="personal">
<mods:role id="BA24B02FFB86A1FE9FB298263BFF37DC">
<mods:roleTerm id="0E94BDE6320ABE5D8B0A965B363BC696">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="04E915E83D7176639497B830692DE417">Pinter, Michael</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="9C2620914EEE624580AF7B77BB84AF96">Institute of Biology, Division Plant Sciences, NAWI Graz, Karl-Franzens University Graz, Holteigasse 6, A- 8010 Graz, Austria.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="37C3691BF947EC5BF358064F03A7677C" type="personal">
<mods:role id="91D2093CE72F71298A629B77E7F38B57">
<mods:roleTerm id="A5A9F21000E9590D6245C41141965DB8">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="C21AE2055D06EFF5E2E7E26B0912270D">Wetschnig, Wolfgang</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="107F38FF405022CB73AD1671FF7FF1BB">Institute of Biology, Division Plant Sciences, NAWI Graz, Karl-Franzens University Graz, Holteigasse 6, A- 8010 Graz, Austria.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="841C25052128D5838075F9D2BC17770A">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="D44268907EAA5ADBE190ABBA43EE29A6">
<mods:title id="CE818CD434A949CE6B23BC4A90FE6DCF">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="26002FC276B419E5F93E7B62A739FBD8">
<mods:date id="024D1074FE21B05B66E0BDE2DC79264A">2018</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="77C33C5F24F17F90DBA500849F62A47E" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="106262889F961C0D81F29A17C813793A">2018-08-21</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="7A055F0D65C956710C0ED222A1A66B63" type="volume">
<mods:number id="0DC6D4A419017A86F626314C122F49A2">365</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
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<mods:number id="5AB2495EB1EAB33DE5B96C90F898C556">2</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
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<mods:start id="6FE1E7331166211C39334446C5F49913">101</mods:start>
<mods:end id="E74E0AE396C5E80D061BF8D595B31FD6">129</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
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<mods:url id="9417F3CD9CF0AEDC09FC9B8FE3739849">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.365.2.1</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="1FA1ECF8D003B590BBC3FFA134E8408A">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="C357EDB011B1714278BA36914F3781E5" type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.365.2.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="60B7533D1AC71317A2821197509DF477" type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="93F35F58692BD9C2E25DEE581260D256" type="Zenodo-Dep">13704788</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="3A75CD49FFE6FFE9FF0CFA12FEA6FAA9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13704822" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13704822" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3A75CD49FFE6FFE9FF0CFA12FEA6FAA9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3A75CD49FFE6FFE9FF0CFA12FEA6FAA9" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="123" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">
<subSubSection id="FAC62FD4FFE6FFEBFF0CFA12FB38FA51" box="[136,1189,1418,1445]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="B2637C5FFFE6FFEBFF0CFA12FB38FA51" blockId="20.[136,1452,1418,1695]" box="[136,1189,1418,1445]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">
<heading id="E92BCB33FFE6FFEBFF0CFA12FB38FA51" box="[136,1189,1418,1445]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" reason="4">
<emphasis id="80A8A04DFFE6FFEBFF0CFA12FF00FA51" bold="true" box="[136,157,1420,1445]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="75DC07DCFFE6FFEBFF20FA14FE4DFA51" ID-CoL="8WRL3" authority="Mart." authorityName="Mart." box="[164,464,1418,1445]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Austronea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="papillosa">
<emphasis id="80A8A04DFFE6FFEBFF20FA14FE16FA51" bold="true" box="[164,395,1418,1445]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">Austronea papillosa</emphasis>
Mart.
</taxonomicName>
-Azorín, M.B.Crespo, M.Pinter &amp; M.A.Alonso
<emphasis id="80A8A04DFFE6FFEBFC61FA15FBA6FA51" bold="true" box="[997,1083,1419,1445]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9B9B1D36FFE6FFEBFC61FA15FBA6FA51" box="[997,1083,1419,1445]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="2AE760DAFFE6FFEBFBCFFA12FB00FA51" box="[1099,1181,1420,1445]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="21.[136,229,1957,1978]" captionTargetBox="[202,1386,190,1932]" captionTargetId="figure-14@21.[202,1386,190,1932]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 12. Austronea papillosa Mart.-Azorín et al. from Naib se Berg (type locality), Northern Cape, South Africa, in flower on 28 September 2015 corresponding to MMA1260 and with leaves in cultivation in Alicante (Spain) on 3 February 2018. A. Inflorescence; B. Flower, frontal view; C. Flowers, lateral and dorsal views; D. Dissected flower and gynoecium, lateral views; E. Plants in flower; F. Bulb with withered leaves; G. Detail of withered leaves; H. Bulb with fresh leaves. Scale bars: A–D, G: 5 mm; E–F, H: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13704824" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13704824/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
)
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FAC62FD4FFE6FFEBFF0CFA2CFC89F9C7" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" type="description">
<paragraph id="B2637C5FFFE6FFEBFF0CFA2CFC89F9C7" blockId="20.[136,1452,1418,1695]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">
<emphasis id="80A8A04DFFE6FFEBFF0CFA2CFF3EFA33" box="[136,163,1458,1479]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">Ab</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="75DC07DCFFE6FFEBFF22FA2CFE94FA33" box="[166,265,1458,1479]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Austronea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Austronea</taxonomicName>
virenti
<emphasis id="80A8A04DFFE6FFEBFECBFA2CFA31FA33" box="[335,1452,1458,1479]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">accedens foliis subteretis anguste linearibus suberectibusque, sed hac facile distinguenda foliis saepissime brevioribus</emphasis>
<quantity id="7524D1BAFFE6FFEBFF39FA48FE88FA1F" box="[189,277,1494,1515]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" unit="mm" value="13.0" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="8.0">
8–18
<emphasis id="80A8A04DFFE6FFEBFF76FA48FE88FA1F" box="[242,277,1494,1515]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">mm</emphasis>
</quantity>
long. (nec multo longioribus), minute papillatis (nec laevibus glabrisque), pedunculo inflorescentiae et pedicellis floralibus tamen cum papillis patentibus ca.
<quantity id="7524D1BAFFE6FFEBFD91FA64FDC2F9FB" box="[533,607,1530,1551]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" unit="mm" value="0.1">
0.1
<emphasis id="80A8A04DFFE6FFEBFDB8FA64FDC2F9FB" box="[572,607,1530,1551]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">mm</emphasis>
</quantity>
long. dense obsitis (nec laevibus glabrisque); et ovario aurantiaco vel cinnamomeo, ellipsoideo,
<quantity id="7524D1BAFFE6FFEBFEB7F980FE39F9C7" box="[307,420,1566,1587]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.85" metricValueMax="4.2" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" unit="mm" value="3.85" valueMax="4.2" valueMin="3.5">
3.5–4.2
<emphasis id="80A8A04DFFE6FFEBFE05F980FE39F9C7" box="[385,420,1566,1587]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">mm</emphasis>
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long. (nec ovoideo et multo breviore).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FAC62FD4FFE6FFE9FF0CF9DCFE22FDD5" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="123" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="B2637C5FFFE6FFEBFF0CF9DCFCD9F96B" blockId="20.[136,1452,1418,1695]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">
<emphasis id="80A8A04DFFE6FFEBFF0CF9DCFF27F9A3" bold="true" box="[136,186,1602,1623]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">Type</emphasis>
:—
<materialsCitation id="02B47602FFE6FFEBFF53F9DCFCDDF96B" collectingDate="2015-09-28" collectionCode="AD, M, B, A, GRA" country="South Africa" county="Gamoep" elevation="916" location="Berg" municipality="Naib" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" specimenCode="ABH74112" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Northern Cape" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry id="CACB3CCFFFE6FFEBFF53F9DCFE14F9A3" box="[215,393,1602,1623]" name="South Africa" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">SOUTH AFRICA</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="7018B2BDFFE6FFEBFE16F9DCFDBEF9A3" box="[402,547,1602,1623]" country="South Africa" name="Northern Cape" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">Northern Cape</collectingRegion>
.
<collectingCounty id="5B0204D3FFE6FFEBFDA8F9DCFDE0F9A3" box="[556,637,1602,1623]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">Gamoep</collectingCounty>
(2918):
<collectingMunicipality id="5207E625FFE6FFEBFD54F9DCFD62F9A3" box="[720,767,1602,1623]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">Naib</collectingMunicipality>
se
<location id="B7032A84FFE6FFEBFC9BF9DCFCCDF9A3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3A75CD49FFE6FFE9FF0CFA12FEA6FAA9:B7032A84FFE6FFEBFC9BF9DCFCCDF9A3" box="[799,848,1602,1623]" country="South Africa" county="Gamoep" municipality="Naib" name="Berg" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" stateProvince="Northern Cape">Berg</location>
, central section, on way to south facing entrance of main kloof (-
<collectionCode id="D4CDE49AFFE6FFEBFF48F9F8FF6EF98F" box="[204,243,1638,1659]" country="Australia" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15675" name="State Herbarium of South Australia" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" type="Herbarium">AD</collectionCode>
), elev.
<quantity id="7524D1BAFFE6FFEBFEB3F9F8FEEBF98F" box="[311,374,1638,1659]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.16" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" unit="m" value="916.0">
<elevation id="39F19B6CFFE6FFEBFEB3F9F8FEEBF98F" box="[311,374,1638,1659]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.16" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" unit="m" value="916.0">916 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, lower slopes covered with quartz,
<date id="C6625A9FFFE6FFEBFD4FF9F8FC1BF98F" box="[715,902,1638,1659]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" value="2015-09-28">
<collectingDate id="D626A377FFE6FFEBFD4FF9F8FC1BF98F" box="[715,902,1638,1659]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" value="2015-09-28">28 September 2015</collectingDate>
</date>
(in flower),
<emphasis id="80A8A04DFFE6FFEBFB85F9F8FE27F96B" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">
<collectionCode id="D4CDE49AFFE6FFEBFB85F9F8FB85F98F" box="[1025,1048,1638,1659]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15637" name="Botanische Staatssammlung München" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" type="Herbarium">M</collectionCode>
. Martínez-Azorín,
<collectionCode id="D4CDE49AFFE6FFEBFB48F9F8FB7EF98F" box="[1228,1251,1638,1659]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15637" name="Botanische Staatssammlung München" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" type="Herbarium">M</collectionCode>
. Pinter,
<collectionCode id="D4CDE49AFFE6FFEBFAB6F9F8FAD7F98F" box="[1330,1354,1638,1659]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15637" name="Botanische Staatssammlung München" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" type="Herbarium">M</collectionCode>
.
<collectionCode id="D4CDE49AFFE6FFEBFAC9F9F8FAC0F98F" box="[1357,1373,1638,1659]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15534" name="Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Zentraleinrichtung der Freien Universitaet" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" type="Herbarium">B</collectionCode>
. Crespo &amp;
<collectionCode id="D4CDE49AFFE6FFEBFF52F914FF73F96B" box="[214,238,1674,1695]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15637" name="Botanische Staatssammlung München" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" type="Herbarium">M</collectionCode>
.
<collectionCode id="D4CDE49AFFE6FFEBFF75F914FE9FF96B" box="[241,258,1674,1695]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
. Alonso MMA1260
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="6D67C2FDFFE6FFEBFE42F914FD83F96B" box="[454,542,1674,1695]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
,
<collectionCode id="D4CDE49AFFE6FFEBFDACF914FDFFF96B" box="[552,610,1674,1695]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14985" name="Albany Museum" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" type="Herbarium">GRA</collectionCode>
!;
<typeStatus id="6D67C2FDFFE6FFEBFDEBF914FD2AF96B" box="[623,695,1674,1695]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" type="isotype">isotype</typeStatus>
,
<specimenCode id="E27AD424FFE6FFEBFD3BF914FCABF96B" box="[703,822,1674,1695]" collectionCode="ABH" country="Spain" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14846" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14846" name="Universidad de Alicante" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" type="Herbarium">ABH74112</specimenCode>
!)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B2637C5FFFE6FFE9FF0CF94EFE22FDD5" blockId="20.[136,1459,1744,2093]" lastBlockId="22.[136,1452,160,1373]" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="123" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">
Herbaceous deciduous geophyte. Bulb hypogeal, solitary, ovoid to subglobose, 14–18 ×
<quantity id="7524D1BAFFE6FFEBFBF0F94EFB6CF91D" box="[1140,1265,1744,1769]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" unit="mm" value="14.0" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="13.0">13–15 mm</quantity>
, extended into a short hypogeal neck up to
<quantity id="7524D1BAFFE6FFEBFE38F96AFD97F8F9" box="[444,522,1780,1805]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" unit="cm" value="0.5">0.5 cm</quantity>
long, with pale brown membranous outer tunics and white fleshy tightly packed inner tunics. Roots fleshy, white, branched, 5–15 ×
<quantity id="7524D1BAFFE6FFEBFD40F886FCD0F8C5" box="[708,845,1816,1841]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" unit="mm" value="0.55" valueMax="0.7" valueMin="0.4">0.4–0.7 mm</quantity>
. Leaves 3–9, withered or almost withered at flowering time, aerial portion 8–18 ×
<quantity id="7524D1BAFFE6FFEBFE47F8A2FD9AF8A1" box="[451,519,1852,1877]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
, linear, subterete, slightly flattened on the adaxial side, green, somewhat leathery, with scarce minute papillae, flattened and longitudinally striate when dry. Inflorescence nodding in bud, raceme
<quantity id="7524D1BAFFE6FFEBFA06F8FEFF29F869" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" unit="mm" value="4.0" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="2.0">2–6 mm</quantity>
long, capitate or subcorymbose, with 3–10 flowers; peduncle
<quantity id="7524D1BAFFE6FFEBFCE7F81AFC5EF869" box="[867,963,1924,1949]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" unit="cm" value="11.5" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="9.0">9–14 cm</quantity>
long, erect, flexuouse, covered by elongate, patent papillae ca.
<quantity id="7524D1BAFFE6FFEBFED8F836FE2FF835" box="[348,434,1960,1985]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" unit="mm" value="0.1">0.1 mm</quantity>
long along the whole length; pedicels
<quantity id="7524D1BAFFE6FFEBFCE3F836FC58F835" box="[871,965,1960,1985]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="2.0">2–5 mm</quantity>
long at anthesis, spreading, covered by the same papillae than the peduncle; bracts ovate-lanceolate, ca.
<quantity id="7524D1BAFFE6FFEBFCA1F852FCE4F811" box="[805,889,1996,2021]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" unit="mm" value="0.8">0.8 mm</quantity>
long, clasping the pedicels, spurred, the lowermost with a spur up to
<quantity id="7524D1BAFFE6FFEBFEC3F86EFE01F7FD" box="[327,412,2032,2057]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
long, membranous, white with a central darker band. Flowers pentacyclic, trimerous, stellate, opening in the afternoon and withered in the evening, only 1–2 flowers open at a time, flower buds pale orange; tepals 6, entire, white with pinkish-orange tinge on the adaxial side with a pale orange to cinnamom coloured longitudinal central band on the abaxial side, glandulous at the apex, biseriate, outer overlapping inner at the base, connate for
<quantity id="7524D1BAFFE4FFE9FAE9FF5AFF29FEF5" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="123" unit="mm" value="1.25" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.0">1–1.5 mm</quantity>
to form a cup, free portions spreading; outer tepals oblong, 5–5.2 ×
<quantity id="7524D1BAFFE4FFE9FC3FFF76FBD8FEF5" box="[955,1093,232,257]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="22" pageNumber="123" unit="mm" value="1.7" valueMax="1.8" valueMin="1.6">1.6–1.8 mm</quantity>
; inner tepals oblong-lanceolate, 5–5.5 ×
<quantity id="7524D1BAFFE4FFE9FF62FE92FEECFED1" box="[230,369,268,293]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="22" pageNumber="123" unit="mm" value="1.55" valueMax="1.6" valueMin="1.5">1.5–1.6 mm</quantity>
; both outer and inner with margins slightly revolute at anthesis. Stamens 6, spreading, adnate to perigone for ca.
<quantity id="7524D1BAFFE4FFE9FEC5FEAEFE18FEBD" box="[321,389,304,329]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="123" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
; filaments white, fleshy, subterete or slightly flattened and attenuate to the apex, 3.1–3.3 ×
<quantity id="7524D1BAFFE4FFE9FA0DFEAEFF2BFE99" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="123" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.4 mm</quantity>
, smooth; anthers yellow, oblong, ca.
<quantity id="7524D1BAFFE4FFE9FDE4FECAFD3FFE99" box="[608,674,340,365]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="123" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
long before dehiscence, dehiscing by longitudinal slits, with yellow pollen. Ovary orange to cinnamom colour, narrowly ovoid-lanceolate, distinctly elongated, somewhat truncate to the style, 3.5–4.2 ×
<quantity id="7524D1BAFFE4FFE9FEC5FE02FE51FE41" box="[321,460,412,437]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="22" pageNumber="123" unit="mm" value="1.45" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.4">1.4–1.5 mm</quantity>
; style white, columnar,
<quantity id="7524D1BAFFE4FFE9FD5FFE02FCF9FE41" box="[731,868,412,437]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="22" pageNumber="123" unit="mm" value="1.25" valueMax="1.3" valueMin="1.2">1.2–1.3 mm</quantity>
long, slightly curved or sinuous, slightly thickened at the apex, trigonous in transversal section; stigma small, capitate and slightly papillate. Capsule ovoid-globose, loculicide, valves splitting to the base, with the withered perigone segments circumscissile below and forming an apical cap. Seeds unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="E6A32CD7FFE7FFEAFF0CF83BFA97F7D2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13704824" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13704824" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13704824/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" startId="21.[136,229,1957,1978]" targetBox="[202,1386,190,1932]" targetPageId="21" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="B2637C5FFFE7FFEAFF0CF83BFA97F7D2" blockId="21.[136,1452,1957,2086]" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">
<emphasis id="80A8A04DFFE7FFEAFF0CF83BFE96F84E" bold="true" box="[136,267,1957,1978]" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">FIGURE 12.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="75DC07DCFFE7FFEAFE96F83BFD8CF84E" authority="Mart." authorityName="Mart." box="[274,529,1957,1978]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Austronea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="papillosa">
<emphasis id="80A8A04DFFE7FFEAFE96F83BFE49F84E" box="[274,468,1957,1978]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">Austronea papillosa</emphasis>
Mart.
</taxonomicName>
-Azorín
<emphasis id="80A8A04DFFE7FFEAFDE7F83BFD08F84E" box="[611,661,1957,1978]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">et al.</emphasis>
from Naib se Berg (type locality), Northern Cape, South Africa, in flower on 28 September 2015 corresponding to
<emphasis id="80A8A04DFFE7FFEAFE50F857FDA6F82A" box="[468,571,1993,2014]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">MMA1260</emphasis>
and with leaves in cultivation in Alicante (Spain) on 3 February 2018.
<emphasis id="80A8A04DFFE7FFEAFB6DF857FA9CF82A" bold="true" box="[1257,1281,1993,2014]" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">A.</emphasis>
Inflorescence;
<emphasis id="80A8A04DFFE7FFEAFA11F857FA31F82A" bold="true" box="[1429,1452,1993,2014]" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">B.</emphasis>
Flower, frontal view;
<emphasis id="80A8A04DFFE7FFEAFED3F873FEF5F7F6" bold="true" box="[343,360,2029,2050]" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">C</emphasis>
. Flowers, lateral and dorsal views;
<emphasis id="80A8A04DFFE7FFEAFD38F873FD49F7F6" bold="true" box="[700,724,2029,2050]" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">D.</emphasis>
Dissected flower and gynoecium, lateral views;
<emphasis id="80A8A04DFFE7FFEAFB21F873FB26F7F6" bold="true" box="[1189,1211,2029,2050]" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">E.</emphasis>
Plants in flower;
<emphasis id="80A8A04DFFE7FFEAFAE1F873FAEAF7F6" bold="true" box="[1381,1399,2029,2050]" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">F.</emphasis>
Bulb with withered leaves;
<emphasis id="80A8A04DFFE7FFEAFEDFF78FFEF3F7D2" bold="true" box="[347,366,2065,2086]" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">G</emphasis>
. Detail of withered leaves;
<emphasis id="80A8A04DFFE7FFEAFDF3F78FFD17F7D2" bold="true" box="[631,650,2065,2086]" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">H</emphasis>
. Bulb with fresh leaves. Scale bars: A–D, G: 5 mm; E–F, H: 1 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="FAC62FD4FFE4FFE9FF39FDB2FA87FCB5" pageId="22" pageNumber="123" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="B2637C5FFFE4FFE9FF39FDB2FF4BFD9D" blockId="22.[136,1452,160,1373]" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">
<emphasis id="80A8A04DFFE4FFE9FF39FDB2FEA3FDB1" bold="true" box="[189,318,556,581]" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">Etymology</emphasis>
:—Named after the distinctly papillose peduncle and pedicels together with the scarcely papillose leaves.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B2637C5FFFE4FFE9FF39FDEAFB54FD79" blockId="22.[136,1452,160,1373]" box="[189,1225,628,653]" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">
<emphasis id="80A8A04DFFE4FFE9FF39FDEAFEA4FD79" bold="true" box="[189,313,628,653]" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">Phenology</emphasis>
:—
<taxonomicName id="75DC07DCFFE4FFE9FEDAFDEAFDA2FD79" box="[350,575,628,653]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Austronea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="22" pageNumber="123" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="papillosa">
<emphasis id="80A8A04DFFE4FFE9FEDAFDEAFDA2FD79" box="[350,575,628,653]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">Austronea papillosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
flowers around September in the wild at the
<typeStatus id="6D67C2FDFFE4FFE9FBBCFDEAFBF5FD79" box="[1080,1128,628,653]" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">type</typeStatus>
locality.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B2637C5FFFE4FFE9FF39FD06FA87FCB5" blockId="22.[136,1452,160,1373]" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">
<emphasis id="80A8A04DFFE4FFE9FF39FD06FE84FD45" bold="true" box="[189,281,664,689]" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">Habitat</emphasis>
:—This species grows on gentle, quartz-covered slopes of the SKr18 Bushmanland Inselberg Shrubland and SKr19 Aggeneys Gravel Vygieveld the Bushmanland, and on surface shale rubble of the SKn2 Namaqualand Shale Shrubland in the the Skaap River region, west of Springbok. The area is characterised by winter-rainfall regime, with precipitation peaking between May and August precipitation and MAP (for various vegetation units) ranging from
<quantity id="7524D1BAFFE4FFE9FF0CFCB6FEAEFCB5" box="[136,307,808,833]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="22" pageNumber="123" unit="mm" value="160.0" valueMax="200.0" valueMin="120.0">120 to 200 mm</quantity>
and MAT of 16–17ºC, and with variable incidence of frost (
<bibRefCitation id="D64D01AEFFE4FFE9FC50FCB6FA93FCB5" author="Mucina, L. &amp; Rutherford M. C." box="[980,1294,808,833]" pageId="22" pageNumber="123" refId="ref21872" refString="Mucina, L. &amp; Rutherford M. C. (Eds.) (2006) The vegetation of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, 807 pp." type="book" year="2006">Mucina &amp; Rutherford 2006</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FAC62FD4FFE4FFE9FF39FCD2FEA6FAA9" pageId="22" pageNumber="123" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="B2637C5FFFE4FFE9FF39FCD2FB5FFC7D" blockId="22.[136,1452,160,1373]" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">
<emphasis id="80A8A04DFFE4FFE9FF39FCD2FED2FC91" bold="true" box="[189,335,844,869]" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">Distribution</emphasis>
:—
<taxonomicName id="75DC07DCFFE4FFE9FEF7FCD2FDC4FC91" box="[371,601,844,869]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Austronea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="22" pageNumber="123" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="papillosa">
<emphasis id="80A8A04DFFE4FFE9FEF7FCD2FDC4FC91" box="[371,601,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">Austronea papillosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is only known from the northwestern
<collectingRegion id="7018B2BDFFE4FFE9FBA0FCD2FAA3FC91" box="[1060,1342,844,869]" country="South Africa" name="Northern Cape" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">Northern Cape Province</collectingRegion>
in
<collectingCountry id="CACB3CCFFFE4FFE9FAEEFCD2FF4FFC7D" name="South Africa" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">South Africa</collectingCountry>
, around the Naib se Berge and the Skaap River NW of Nababeep near Springbok (
<figureCitation id="2AE760DAFFE4FFE9FBF4FCEEFB29FC7D" box="[1136,1204,880,905]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[136,229,1320,1341]" captionTargetBox="[178,1425,518,1282]" captionTargetId="figure-156@10.[151,1436,497,1294]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Distribution of Austronea species in southern Africa. A. densiflora Mart.-Azorín et al. (red circle), A. grandiflora Mart.- Azorín et al. (blue square), A. hispidoplicata Mart.-Azorín et al. (yellow triangle) and A. papillosa Mart.-Azorín et al. (green diamond)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13704806" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13704806/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B2637C5FFFE4FFE9FF39FC0AFC87FB05" blockId="22.[136,1452,160,1373]" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">
<emphasis id="80A8A04DFFE4FFE9FF39FC0AFCB4FC59" bold="true" box="[189,809,916,941]" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">Diagnostic characters and taxonomic relationships</emphasis>
:—
<taxonomicName id="75DC07DCFFE4FFE9FCC9FC0AFBAFFC59" box="[845,1074,916,941]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Austronea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="22" pageNumber="123" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="papillosa">
<emphasis id="80A8A04DFFE4FFE9FCC9FC0AFBAFFC59" box="[845,1074,916,941]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">Austronea papillosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shows a unique combination of morphological characters, such as the 3–9, narrowly linear, subterete leaves with scarce minute papillae; the elongated peduncle and pedicels covered by patent papillae ca.
<quantity id="7524D1BAFFE4FFE9FD7FFC42FCC8FC01" box="[763,853,988,1013]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="123" unit="mm" value="0.1">0.1 mm</quantity>
long along the whole length; flowers white with a pinkish-orange tinge; tepals ca.
<quantity id="7524D1BAFFE4FFE9FE6CFB9EFDBAFBED" box="[488,551,1024,1049]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="123" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
long, connate for
<quantity id="7524D1BAFFE4FFE9FD6AFB9EFCC2FBED" box="[750,863,1024,1049]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="123" unit="mm" value="1.25" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.0">1–1.5 mm</quantity>
to form a cup, and spreading free portions; and ovary orange to cinnamon colour, narrowly ovoid-lanceolate, much longer than wide; and a white, short style. This species is unique in the genus in having distinctly papillate penducle and flower pedicels. Moreover, flower and gynoecium morphology is also unique. The narrowly linear, suberect, almost terete leaves approach
<taxonomicName id="75DC07DCFFE4FFE9FBFBFBF2FA98FB71" authorityName="Duthie" authorityYear="1928" box="[1151,1285,1132,1157]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Urginea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="22" pageNumber="123" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pygmaea">
<emphasis id="80A8A04DFFE4FFE9FBFBFBF2FA98FB71" box="[1151,1285,1132,1157]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">A. pygmaea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="75DC07DCFFE4FFE9FAC4FBF2FA39FB71" authorityName="J. C. Manning &amp; Goldblatt" authorityYear="2000" baseAuthorityName="Schlechter" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[1344,1444,1132,1157]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Drimia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="22" pageNumber="123" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virens">
<emphasis id="80A8A04DFFE4FFE9FAC4FBF2FA39FB71" box="[1344,1444,1132,1157]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">A. virens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, although both those species show smooth pedicels and upper portions of penduncle. Furthermore, the latter species usually shows much longer leaves.
<taxonomicName id="75DC07DCFFE4FFE9FD9BFB2AFD62FB39" box="[543,767,1204,1229]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Austronea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="22" pageNumber="123" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pygmaea">
<emphasis id="80A8A04DFFE4FFE9FD9BFB2AFD62FB39" box="[543,767,1204,1229]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">Austronea pygmaea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="75DC07DCFFE4FFE9FCBDFB2AFC00FB39" authorityName="J. C. Manning &amp; Goldblatt" authorityYear="2000" baseAuthorityName="Schlechter" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[825,925,1204,1229]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Drimia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="22" pageNumber="123" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virens">
<emphasis id="80A8A04DFFE4FFE9FCBDFB2AFC00FB39" box="[825,925,1204,1229]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">A. virens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are restricted to the mountains in the western regions of the
<collectingRegion id="7018B2BDFFE4FFE9FEADFB46FDB2FB05" box="[297,559,1240,1265]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">Western Cape Province</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="7018B2BDFFE4FFE9FDE1FB46FD02FB05" box="[613,671,1240,1265]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">Cape</collectingRegion>
Peninsula.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B2637C5FFFE4FFE9FF39FB62FEA6FAA9" blockId="22.[136,1452,160,1373]" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">
<emphasis id="80A8A04DFFE4FFE9FF39FB62FD4DFAE1" bold="true" box="[189,720,1276,1301]" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">
Additional material studied (
<typeStatus id="6D67C2FDFFE4FFE9FDCBFB62FD54FAE1" box="[591,713,1276,1301]" pageId="22" pageNumber="123" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
)
</emphasis>
:—
<collectingCountry id="CACB3CCFFFE4FFE9FD75FB62FC4EFAE1" box="[753,979,1276,1301]" name="South Africa" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">SOUTH AFRICA</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="7018B2BDFFE4FFE9FC75FB62FB30FAE1" box="[1009,1197,1276,1301]" country="South Africa" name="Northern Cape" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">Northern Cape</collectingRegion>
. Springbok (2917): Nababeep, Skaap River, NW of Nababeep (-DA), elev.
<quantity id="7524D1BAFFE4FFE9FC8DFABEFCC8FACD" box="[777,853,1312,1337]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="123" unit="m" value="500.0">500 m</quantity>
,
<date id="C6625A9FFFE4FFE9FCE0FABEFBDCFACD" box="[868,1089,1312,1337]" pageId="22" pageNumber="123" value="2001-11-16">16 November 2001</date>
(in flower),
<emphasis id="80A8A04DFFE4FFE9FB53FABEFA31FACD" box="[1239,1452,1312,1337]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">P.V. Bruyns 8914A</emphasis>
(NBG195966!).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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