341 lines
35 KiB
XML
341 lines
35 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac009" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-ZooBank="C288BAB2-A92C-4F13-B04D-D6D4510461F5" approvalRequired="2" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="2" checkinTime="1661767826270" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Smirnoff, Dimitri S., Donohoo, Samantha A. & Gosliner, Terrence M." docDate="2022" docId="03E487E4FFBBFB0BEB94FCBCFBC5FB6D" docLanguage="en" docName="zlac009.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196" docStyle="DocumentStyle:36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8.7:ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-.journal_article" docStyleId="36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Trapania undefined-1" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="305" masterDocId="FFDDFF9CFF98FB2FEB05FFF4FFD8FD72" masterDocTitle="Extra-branchial processes manifest extra diversity: systematics of the genus Trapania (Nudibranchia: Goniodorididae) and nine new species descriptions" masterLastPageNumber="313" masterPageNumber="270" pageNumber="305" updateTime="1661943714021" updateUser="valdenar">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Extra-branchial processes manifest extra diversity: systematics of the genus Trapania (Nudibranchia: Goniodorididae) and nine new species descriptions</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Smirnoff, Dimitri S.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Donohoo, Samantha A.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Gosliner, Terrence M.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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||
</mods:titleInfo>
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||
<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>196</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>270</mods:start>
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<mods:end>313</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac009</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">0024-4082</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">C288BAB2-A92C-4F13-B04D-D6D4510461F5</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E487E4FFBBFB0BEB94FCBCFBC5FB6D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E487E4FFBBFB0BEB94FCBCFBC5FB6D" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="305" pageId="35" pageNumber="305">
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<subSubSection box="[145,583,840,862]" pageId="35" pageNumber="305" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph blockId="35.[145,583,840,862]" box="[145,583,840,862]" pageId="35" pageNumber="305">
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||
<heading box="[145,583,840,862]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="35" pageNumber="305" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName box="[145,310,840,861]" class="Gastropoda" family="Goniodorididae" genus="Trapania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="35" pageNumber="305" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="undefined-1">
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<emphasis box="[145,252,840,861]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="305">Trapania</emphasis>
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sp. 1
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</taxonomicName>
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Pittman & Fiene, 2021.
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="306" pageId="35" pageNumber="305" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="35.[145,760,908,1022]" pageId="35" pageNumber="305">
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<emphasis box="[145,338,908,930]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="305">Type material:</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2012-02-19" collectionCode="CASIZ" collectorName="Cory Pittman." country="United States of America" elevation="15" location="Airport Beach" municipality="Maui" pageId="35" pageNumber="305" specimenCode="CASIZ 189444" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Hawaii" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis box="[367,490,908,929]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="305">
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<typeStatus box="[367,483,908,929]" pageId="35" pageNumber="305">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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</emphasis>
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<specimenCode box="[504,698,908,929]" collectionCode="CASIZ" pageId="35" pageNumber="305">CASIZ 189444</specimenCode>
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,
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<specimenCount pageId="35" pageNumber="305" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
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, dissected and sequenced,
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E487E4FFBBFB0BEB94FCBCFBC5FB6D:8E926029FFBBFB0CE94DFC5EFD2CFEB2" box="[584,756,938,960]" country="United States of America" municipality="Maui" name="Airport Beach" pageId="35" pageNumber="305" stateProvince="Hawaii">Airport Beach</location>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality box="[145,210,969,991]" pageId="35" pageNumber="305">Maui</collectingMunicipality>
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||
,
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<collectingRegion box="[224,322,969,991]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="35" pageNumber="305">Hawaiʻi</collectingRegion>
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||
,
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||
<collectingCountry box="[338,396,969,990]" name="United States of America" pageId="35" pageNumber="305">USA</collectingCountry>
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,
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||
<elevation box="[410,596,969,991]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="35" pageNumber="305" unit="m" value="15.0" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="12.0">
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<quantity box="[410,514,969,991]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="35" pageNumber="305" unit="m" value="15.0" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="12.0">12–18 m</quantity>
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depth
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</elevation>
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||
,
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||
<date pageId="35" pageNumber="305" value="2012-02-19">
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||
<collectingDate pageId="35" pageNumber="305" value="2012-02-19">19 February 2012</collectingDate>
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</date>
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, collected by
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<collectorName box="[351,514,1000,1022]" pageId="35" pageNumber="305">Cory Pittman.</collectorName>
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="35.[145,761,1062,1176]" pageId="35" pageNumber="305">
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<emphasis box="[145,337,1062,1083]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="305">Other material:</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName box="[360,519,1063,1084]" class="Gastropoda" family="Goniodorididae" genus="Trapania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="35" pageNumber="305" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="Undetermined">
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<emphasis box="[360,474,1063,1084]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="305">Trapania</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation box="[485,519,1063,1084]" collectingDate="2014-05-30" collectorName="Cory Pittman." country="United States of America" elevation="11" location="Koloa Landing" pageId="35" pageNumber="305" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Hawaii">sp.</materialsCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName authority=", CASIZ" authorityName="CASIZ" box="[528,760,1062,1084]" class="Gastropoda" family="Goniodorididae" genus="Trapania" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="35" pageNumber="305" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="Kanaloa">
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cf.
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<emphasis box="[565,663,1062,1083]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="305">kanaloa</emphasis>
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, CASIZ
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</taxonomicName>
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199250,
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<specimenCount box="[246,408,1093,1115]" pageId="35" pageNumber="305" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
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||
, sequenced, preserved length
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<quantity box="[146,230,1124,1146]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="35" pageNumber="305" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
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||
,
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E487E4FFBBFB0BEB94FCBCFBC5FB6D:8E926029FFBBFB0CEBF5FB90FE41F908" box="[240,409,1124,1146]" country="United States of America" name="Koloa Landing" pageId="35" pageNumber="305" stateProvince="Hawaii">Koloa Landing</location>
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, Kauaʻi,
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<collectingRegion box="[510,602,1124,1146]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="35" pageNumber="305">Hawaiʻi</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[612,667,1124,1145]" name="United States of America" pageId="35" pageNumber="305">USA</collectingCountry>
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,
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<elevation metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="35" pageNumber="305" unit="m" value="11.0" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="8.0">
|
||
<quantity box="[678,761,1124,1145]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="35" pageNumber="305" unit="m" value="11.0" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="8.0">8–14 m</quantity>
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||
depth
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||
</elevation>
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||
,
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||
<date box="[223,371,1155,1176]" pageId="35" pageNumber="305" value="2014-05-30">
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<collectingDate box="[223,371,1155,1176]" pageId="35" pageNumber="305" value="2014-05-30">30 May 2014</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
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||
, collected by
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<collectorName box="[521,683,1154,1176]" pageId="35" pageNumber="305">Cory Pittman.</collectorName>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph blockId="35.[145,723,1217,1239]" box="[145,723,1217,1239]" pageId="35" pageNumber="305">
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<materialsCitation box="[145,719,1217,1239]" country="United States of America" location="Airport Beach" municipality="Maui" pageId="35" pageNumber="305" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Hawaii" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis box="[145,295,1217,1239]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="305">
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||
<typeStatus box="[145,198,1218,1239]" pageId="35" pageNumber="305">Type</typeStatus>
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locality:
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||
</emphasis>
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||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E487E4FFBBFB0BEB94FCBCFBC5FB6D:8E926029FFBBFB0CEA3CFB35FE03F9A5" box="[313,475,1217,1239]" country="United States of America" municipality="Maui" name="Airport Beach" pageId="35" pageNumber="305" stateProvince="Hawaii">Airport Beach</location>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality box="[486,548,1217,1239]" pageId="35" pageNumber="305">Maui</collectingMunicipality>
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||
,
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<collectingRegion box="[559,650,1217,1239]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="35" pageNumber="305">Hawaiʻi</collectingRegion>
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||
,
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||
<collectingCountry box="[662,719,1217,1238]" name="United States of America" pageId="35" pageNumber="305">USA</collectingCountry>
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph blockId="35.[145,760,1282,1335]" pageId="35" pageNumber="305">
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<emphasis box="[145,473,1282,1303]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="305">Geographical distribution:</emphasis>
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Known only from the Hawaiian Islands.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="35.[145,760,1370,1515]" pageId="35" pageNumber="305">
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<emphasis box="[145,281,1370,1391]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="305">Etymology:</emphasis>
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The Hawaiʻian god Kanaloa is often symbolized by a squid or octopus form. This species is also found in association with beds of the alga
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<taxonomicName authority="Vroom, 2006" authorityName="Vroom" authorityYear="2006" box="[145,536,1462,1484]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Halimedaceae" genus="Halimeda" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="35" pageNumber="305" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="Kanaloana">
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<emphasis box="[145,385,1462,1483]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="305">Halimeda kanaloana</emphasis>
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Vroom, 2006
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</taxonomicName>
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, which is named for the same deity. It is a noun in apposition.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="35.[145,762,1557,1916]" lastBlockId="35.[809,1426,197,710]" pageId="35" pageNumber="305">
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<emphasis box="[145,399,1557,1578]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="305">External morphology:</emphasis>
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The living animal is
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<quantity box="[663,728,1557,1579]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="35" pageNumber="305" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
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in length (
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<figureCitation box="[243,346,1588,1610]" captionStart="Figure12" captionStartId="28.[164,240,1555,1577]" captionTargetBox="[169,1438,197,1515]" captionTargetId="figure-98@28.[167,1438,195,1516]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figure12. Living animals.A, Trapaniatamaraw sp.nov.,holotype,NMP 041334(formerly CASIZ 208391)PuertoGalera,Mindoro Oriental. B, Trapania stegodon sp. nov., holotype NMP 041332 (formerly CASIZ 186206), Anilao Harbor, Batangas, Philippines. C, Trapania sp. ‘Anilao’, preserved specimen, NMP 041329 (formerly CASIZ 182904), Anilao Harbor, Batangas, Philippines. D, Trapania kamagong sp. nov., holotype, NMP 041336 (formerly CASIZ 208585A), Puerto Galera, Mindoro Oriental, Philippines. E, upper photo Trapania kanaloa sp. nov., holotype CASIZ 189444, lower photo, Trapania sp. cf. kanaloa, CASIZ 199250, Koloa Landing, Kaua’i, Hawai’i, photo by Cory Pittman. F, Trapania undulata sp. nov., holotype, NMP 041331 (formerly CASIZ 186132), Ligpo Island, Bauan, Batangas, Philippines." pageId="35" pageNumber="305">Fig. 12E</figureCitation>
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, upper photo). The body is brown coloured with a dense frosting of small, white and darker brown punctations and brown patches. The rhinophores are thick and bulbous with approximately eight lamellae and a white apex. They have the same cream and brown pigment as the rest of the body. The extra-rhinophoral and extra-branchial appendages are thin with a clubshaped apex and are also brown and cream, with fine opaque white punctations. The gill is small consisting of three simply pinnate branches. The posterior end of the foot is short and blunt with brown and whitish mottling.
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<emphasis box="[809,969,197,219]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="305">Buccal mass:</emphasis>
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The buccal mass is muscular with a moderately developed buccal pump on the dorsal surface. Inside the anterior portion of the mass is a pair of well-developed jaws. The jaws contain several rows of acutely pointed, cylindrical jaw elements that are tightly packed together with a few gaps between them (
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<figureCitation box="[885,982,381,403]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="36.[163,241,1143,1165]" captionTargetBox="[163,1443,198,1103]" captionTargetId="figure-428@36.[163,1443,198,1103]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="Figure 18. Trapania kanaloa sp. nov. Scanning electron micrographs of buccal armature of holotype CASIZ 189444. A, jaw. B, entire radula. C, older radular teeth. D, newly formed radular teeth." pageId="35" pageNumber="305">Fig. 18A</figureCitation>
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). The radular formula of the
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<typeStatus box="[1326,1425,381,403]" pageId="35" pageNumber="305">holotype</typeStatus>
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is 19 × 1.0.1 (
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<figureCitation box="[963,1060,412,434]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="36.[163,241,1143,1165]" captionTargetBox="[163,1443,198,1103]" captionTargetId="figure-428@36.[163,1443,198,1103]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="Figure 18. Trapania kanaloa sp. nov. Scanning electron micrographs of buccal armature of holotype CASIZ 189444. A, jaw. B, entire radula. C, older radular teeth. D, newly formed radular teeth." pageId="35" pageNumber="305">Fig. 18B</figureCitation>
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). The older teeth (
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<figureCitation box="[1275,1371,412,434]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="36.[163,241,1143,1165]" captionTargetBox="[163,1443,198,1103]" captionTargetId="figure-428@36.[163,1443,198,1103]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="Figure 18. Trapania kanaloa sp. nov. Scanning electron micrographs of buccal armature of holotype CASIZ 189444. A, jaw. B, entire radula. C, older radular teeth. D, newly formed radular teeth." pageId="35" pageNumber="305">Fig. 18C</figureCitation>
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) are much smaller than the newer ones (
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<figureCitation box="[1224,1321,442,464]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="36.[163,241,1143,1165]" captionTargetBox="[163,1443,198,1103]" captionTargetId="figure-428@36.[163,1443,198,1103]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="Figure 18. Trapania kanaloa sp. nov. Scanning electron micrographs of buccal armature of holotype CASIZ 189444. A, jaw. B, entire radula. C, older radular teeth. D, newly formed radular teeth." pageId="35" pageNumber="305">Fig. 18D</figureCitation>
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) and the radula widens towards the more newly developed teeth. The teeth bear numerous relatively equal-sized denticles with the smallest ones being found on the inner edge of the tooth. There are approximately six to eight denticles on the inner side of the much larger primary cusp, and one to three much smaller denticles on the outer side of the cusp. The older teeth have fewer denticles than the more recently developed ones.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="35.[807,1426,753,1358]" pageId="35" pageNumber="305">
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<emphasis box="[809,1036,753,775]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="305">Reproductive system:</emphasis>
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The mature reproductive system is triaulic (
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<figureCitation box="[900,990,784,806]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="32.[163,243,1172,1194]" captionTargetBox="[226,1378,198,1130]" captionTargetId="figure-349@32.[223,1381,195,1133]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Figure 16. Reproductive systems. A, Trapania sp. ‘Anilao’, NMP 041329 (formerly CASIZ 182904), scale = 0.38 mm. B, Trapania kamagong sp. nov., holotype NMP 041336 (formerly 208585A), scale = 0.25 mm. C, Trapania kanaloa sp. nov., holotype CASIZ 189444, scale = 0.17 mm. D, Trapania undulata sp. nov., holotype NMP 041331 (formerly CASIZ 186132), scale = 0.16 mm. Abbreviations: am, ampulla; bc, bursa copulatrix; fgm, female gland mass; p, penial sac; pr, prostatic portion of vas deferens; rs, receptaculum seminis; ud, uterine duct; v, vagina." pageId="35" pageNumber="305">Fig. 16C</figureCitation>
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). The pre-ampullary duct is narrow and joins the post-ampullary duct distally to the ampulla. The pyriform ampulla narrows to the point where it divides into the short oviduct and elongate vas deferens. The oviduct enters the female gland mass. The vas deferens is initially narrow and widens into a slightly convoluted, glandular prostatic portion and gradually transitions into the wide, muscular ejaculatory portion that abruptly narrows and makes a sharp turn prior to expanding into the wide penial sac. The penial sac terminates at the gonopore adjacent to the vagina. The vagina is equally wide throughout its length. Immediately prior to its entrance into the large spherical bursa copulatrix is a short branch of the receptaculum duct that leads to the smaller, spherical receptaculum seminis. Emerging from the receptaculum duct is a uterine duct that enters the female gland mass. The female gland mass is composed of the large mucous gland and the smaller albumen and membrane glands.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="35.[808,1426,1404,1916]" lastBlockId="36.[827,1444,1238,1567]" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="306" pageId="35" pageNumber="305">
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<emphasis box="[809,912,1404,1425]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="305">Remarks:</emphasis>
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Our molecular phylogeny, the
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<collectionCode box="[1252,1324,1404,1425]" pageId="35" pageNumber="305">ABGD</collectionCode>
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analyses and the bPTP analysis show that
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<taxonomicName box="[1181,1380,1434,1456]" class="Gastropoda" family="Goniodorididae" genus="Trapania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="35" pageNumber="305" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="Kanaloa">
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<emphasis box="[1181,1380,1434,1456]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="305">Trapania kanaloa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is a distinct species separate from its similarly coloured sisterspecies
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Gosliner & Fahey" authorityYear="2008" box="[898,1009,1496,1518]" class="Gastropoda" family="Goniodorididae" genus="Trapania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="35" pageNumber="305" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="Euryeia">
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<emphasis box="[898,1009,1496,1518]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="305">T. euryeia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Externally,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Gosliner & Fahey" authorityYear="2008" box="[1158,1269,1496,1518]" class="Gastropoda" family="Goniodorididae" genus="Trapania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="35" pageNumber="305" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="Euryeia">
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<emphasis box="[1158,1269,1496,1518]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="305">T. euryeia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has a darker body colour than
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1006,1124,1526,1548]" class="Gastropoda" family="Goniodorididae" genus="Trapania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="35" pageNumber="305" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="Kanaloa">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1006,1124,1526,1548]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="305">T. kanaloa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with more brown pigment and much larger, more regular white punctations. In our
|
||
<collectionCode box="[809,883,1588,1609]" pageId="35" pageNumber="305">ABGD</collectionCode>
|
||
and bPTP analyses, the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1171,1268,1588,1610]" pageId="35" pageNumber="305">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1305,1425,1588,1610]" class="Gastropoda" family="Goniodorididae" genus="Trapania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="35" pageNumber="305" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="Kanaloa">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1305,1425,1588,1610]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="305">T. kanaloa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
collected from Maui is potentially distinct from the specimen we call
|
||
<emphasis box="[1004,1021,1650,1671]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="305">
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1004,1021,1650,1671]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="35" pageNumber="305">T</collectionCode>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. sp.
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1071,1191,1649,1671]" class="Gastropoda" family="Goniodorididae" genus="Trapania" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="35" pageNumber="305" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="Kanaloa">
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis box="[1101,1191,1649,1670]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="305">kanaloa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1205,1281,1649,1670]" pageId="35" pageNumber="305">CASIZ</collectionCode>
|
||
199250) due to a high genetic divergence of 4.3% in the mitochondrial gene
|
||
<emphasis box="[868,915,1711,1732]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="305">COI</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation box="[930,1012,1710,1732]" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="8.[164,228,198,219]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Table 3. Pairwise uncorrected p-distances (%) for COI between Trapania spp. excluding Trapania japonica and Trapania tatsulok. Intraspecific values in bold" pageId="35" pageNumber="305">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
) and a genetic divergence of 2.6% in the mitochondrial gene 16S (
|
||
<tableCitation box="[1121,1201,1741,1763]" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="10.[163,227,198,219]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Table 4. Pairwise uncorrected p-distances (%) for 16S between Trapania spp. excluding Trapania circinata and Trapania stegodon. Intraspecific values in bold" pageId="35" pageNumber="305">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
||
). This specimen was collected from Kauaʻi and was previously considered to be a variant of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gosliner & Fahey" authorityYear="2008" box="[973,1080,1803,1824]" class="Gastropoda" family="Goniodorididae" genus="Trapania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="35" pageNumber="305" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="Euryeia">
|
||
<emphasis box="[973,1080,1803,1824]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="305">T. euryeia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by Pittman & Fiene (2021) due to its pale external coloration; however, this specimen is probably immature (preserved length =
|
||
<quantity box="[1244,1327,1864,1886]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="35" pageNumber="305" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
) and the photo of the living animal (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1092,1181,1894,1916]" captionStart="Figure12" captionStartId="28.[164,240,1555,1577]" captionTargetBox="[169,1438,197,1515]" captionTargetId="figure-98@28.[167,1438,195,1516]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figure12. Living animals.A, Trapaniatamaraw sp.nov.,holotype,NMP 041334(formerly CASIZ 208391)PuertoGalera,Mindoro Oriental. B, Trapania stegodon sp. nov., holotype NMP 041332 (formerly CASIZ 186206), Anilao Harbor, Batangas, Philippines. C, Trapania sp. ‘Anilao’, preserved specimen, NMP 041329 (formerly CASIZ 182904), Anilao Harbor, Batangas, Philippines. D, Trapania kamagong sp. nov., holotype, NMP 041336 (formerly CASIZ 208585A), Puerto Galera, Mindoro Oriental, Philippines. E, upper photo Trapania kanaloa sp. nov., holotype CASIZ 189444, lower photo, Trapania sp. cf. kanaloa, CASIZ 199250, Koloa Landing, Kaua’i, Hawai’i, photo by Cory Pittman. F, Trapania undulata sp. nov., holotype, NMP 041331 (formerly CASIZ 186132), Ligpo Island, Bauan, Batangas, Philippines." pageId="35" pageNumber="305">Fig. 12E</figureCitation>
|
||
, lower photo) indicates that it has less concentrated brownish pigment. Owing to its small size we were not able to dissect this specimen to compare its anatomy. In contrast, the interspecific variation between
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[380,500,1330,1352]" class="Gastropoda" family="Goniodorididae" genus="Trapania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="36" pageNumber="306" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="Kanaloa">
|
||
<emphasis box="[380,500,1330,1352]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="306">T. kanaloa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gosliner & Fahey" authorityYear="2008" box="[561,671,1331,1352]" class="Gastropoda" family="Goniodorididae" genus="Trapania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="36" pageNumber="306" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="Euryeia">
|
||
<emphasis box="[561,671,1331,1352]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="306">T. euryeia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[163,290,1361,1383]" name="Philippines" pageId="36" pageNumber="306">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
is 9.3% in the
|
||
<emphasis box="[457,504,1361,1382]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="306">COI</emphasis>
|
||
gene (
|
||
<tableCitation box="[578,659,1361,1383]" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="8.[164,228,198,219]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Table 3. Pairwise uncorrected p-distances (%) for COI between Trapania spp. excluding Trapania japonica and Trapania tatsulok. Intraspecific values in bold" pageId="36" pageNumber="306">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
) and 5.5% in the 16S gene (
|
||
<tableCitation box="[365,451,1392,1414]" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="10.[163,227,198,219]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Table 4. Pairwise uncorrected p-distances (%) for 16S between Trapania spp. excluding Trapania circinata and Trapania stegodon. Intraspecific values in bold" pageId="36" pageNumber="306">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
||
) The interspecific variation between
|
||
<emphasis box="[264,286,1423,1444]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="306">
|
||
<collectionCode box="[264,282,1423,1444]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="36" pageNumber="306">T</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[331,453,1422,1444]" class="Gastropoda" family="Goniodorididae" genus="Trapania" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="36" pageNumber="306" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="Kanaloa">
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis box="[362,453,1422,1443]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="306">kanaloa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gosliner & Fahey" authorityYear="2008" box="[512,621,1423,1444]" class="Gastropoda" family="Goniodorididae" genus="Trapania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="36" pageNumber="306" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="Euryeia">
|
||
<emphasis box="[512,621,1423,1444]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="306">T. euryeia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is similar, i.e. 9.3% in the
|
||
<emphasis box="[292,338,1453,1474]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="306">COI</emphasis>
|
||
gene (
|
||
<tableCitation box="[409,488,1453,1475]" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="8.[164,228,198,219]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Table 3. Pairwise uncorrected p-distances (%) for COI between Trapania spp. excluding Trapania japonica and Trapania tatsulok. Intraspecific values in bold" pageId="36" pageNumber="306">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
) and 5.7% in the 16S gene (
|
||
<tableCitation box="[170,251,1484,1506]" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="10.[163,227,198,219]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Table 4. Pairwise uncorrected p-distances (%) for 16S between Trapania spp. excluding Trapania circinata and Trapania stegodon. Intraspecific values in bold" pageId="36" pageNumber="306">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
||
), indicating that the
|
||
<emphasis box="[486,507,1484,1505]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="306">
|
||
<collectionCode box="[486,504,1484,1505]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="36" pageNumber="306">T</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[550,668,1484,1506]" class="Gastropoda" family="Goniodorididae" genus="Trapania" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="36" pageNumber="306" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="Kanaloa">
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis box="[579,668,1484,1505]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="306">kanaloa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimen is not
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gosliner & Fahey" authorityYear="2008" box="[240,357,1515,1536]" class="Gastropoda" family="Goniodorididae" genus="Trapania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="36" pageNumber="306" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="Euryeia">
|
||
<emphasis box="[240,357,1515,1536]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="306">T. euryeia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Further study of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[583,709,1514,1536]" class="Gastropoda" family="Goniodorididae" genus="Trapania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="36" pageNumber="306" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="Kanaloa">
|
||
<emphasis box="[583,709,1514,1536]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="306">T. kanaloa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with additional representatives from Hawaiʻi, is necessary to determine whether one or two species are present across the Hawaiʻian Archipelago. Similarly, comparisons with additional specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gosliner & Fahey" authorityYear="2008" box="[494,603,1638,1659]" class="Gastropoda" family="Goniodorididae" genus="Trapania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="36" pageNumber="306" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="Euryeia">
|
||
<emphasis box="[494,603,1638,1659]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="306">T. euryeia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from a broader geographical area are necessary to better understand the genetic variation present within and between these two species. Present data indicate that pale specimens from Hawaiʻi should be regarded as
|
||
<emphasis box="[560,682,1760,1781]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="306">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[560,679,1760,1781]" class="Gastropoda" family="Goniodorididae" genus="Trapania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="36" pageNumber="306" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="Kanaloa">T. kanaloa</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Pittman & Fiene (2021) also show a photo of a darker specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gosliner & Fahey" authorityYear="2008" box="[190,300,1822,1843]" class="Gastropoda" family="Goniodorididae" genus="Trapania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="36" pageNumber="306" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="Euryeia">
|
||
<emphasis box="[190,300,1822,1843]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="306">T. euryeia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Hawaiʻi that more closely resembles specimens from elsewhere in the Indo-Pacific, and the question remains as to whether this is conspecific with other specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gosliner & Fahey" authorityYear="2008" box="[1046,1155,1239,1260]" class="Gastropoda" family="Goniodorididae" genus="Trapania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="36" pageNumber="306" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="Euryeia">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1046,1155,1239,1260]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="306">T. euryeia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the western Pacific. The radular teeth previously described for
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gosliner & Fahey" authorityYear="2008" box="[1295,1401,1270,1291]" class="Gastropoda" family="Goniodorididae" genus="Trapania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="36" pageNumber="306" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="Euryeia">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1295,1401,1270,1291]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="306">T. euryeia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are similar to those found here in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1164,1281,1300,1321]" class="Gastropoda" family="Goniodorididae" genus="Trapania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="36" pageNumber="306" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="Kanaloa">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1164,1281,1300,1321]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="306">T. kanaloa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. There appear to be significant differences in the reproductive systems of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[853,970,1361,1383]" class="Gastropoda" family="Goniodorididae" genus="Trapania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="36" pageNumber="306" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="Kanaloa">
|
||
<emphasis box="[853,970,1361,1383]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="306">T. kanaloa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gosliner & Fahey" authorityYear="2008" box="[1024,1131,1362,1383]" class="Gastropoda" family="Goniodorididae" genus="Trapania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="36" pageNumber="306" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="Euryeia">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1024,1131,1362,1383]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="306">T. euryeia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1174,1290,1361,1383]" class="Gastropoda" family="Goniodorididae" genus="Trapania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="36" pageNumber="306" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="Kanaloa">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1174,1290,1361,1383]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="306">T. kanaloa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the prostatic portion of the vas deferens is less convoluted than in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gosliner & Fahey" authorityYear="2008" box="[828,937,1423,1444]" class="Gastropoda" family="Goniodorididae" genus="Trapania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="36" pageNumber="306" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="Euryeia">
|
||
<emphasis box="[828,937,1423,1444]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="306">T. euryeia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Most significantly, the vagina of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1324,1443,1422,1444]" class="Gastropoda" family="Goniodorididae" genus="Trapania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="36" pageNumber="306" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="Kanaloa">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1324,1443,1422,1444]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="306">T. kanaloa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is of uniform diameter throughout its length, whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gosliner & Fahey" authorityYear="2008" box="[828,940,1484,1505]" class="Gastropoda" family="Goniodorididae" genus="Trapania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="36" pageNumber="306" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="Euryeia">
|
||
<emphasis box="[828,940,1484,1505]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="306">T. euryeia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a glandular collar present around the vagina near its junction with the penial sac, which is absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[932,1045,1545,1567]" class="Gastropoda" family="Goniodorididae" genus="Trapania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="36" pageNumber="306" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="Kanaloa">
|
||
<emphasis box="[932,1045,1545,1567]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="306">T. kanaloa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |