128 lines
36 KiB
XML
128 lines
36 KiB
XML
<document id="CBC3F5FDA3552AF020B393A1517A11B6" ID-CLB-Dataset="7643" ID-DOI="10.1206/906.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="15ad630f-eff2-451d-a5f8-22731ff53851" ID-ISSN="0003-0090" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4612269" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1615992761985" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Lipke, Elisabeth & Michalik, Peter" docDate="2015" docId="03E487E0301C21672E94A21763987F59" docLanguage="en" docName="BulAmeMusNatHis.2015.396.1-72.pdf" docOrigin="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2015 (396)" docSource="http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.1206/906.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:C5E2DA72A22EF33813C92A197453A310.5:BulAmeMusNatHis.2011-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="C5E2DA72A22EF33813C92A197453A310" docStyleName="BulAmeMusNatHis.2011-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleVersion="5" docTitle="Cinetomorpha sp. Simon 1892" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="6" masterDocId="FFDDFF98301921612E5DA448625E7969" masterDocTitle="Evolutionary Morphology Of The Primary Male Reproductive System And Spermatozoa Of Goblin Spiders (Oonopidae; Araneae)" masterLastPageNumber="72" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="6" updateTime="1698933598634" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="DD5AC6370D2D7ABB25736E88FC302583">Evolutionary Morphology Of The Primary Male Reproductive System And Spermatozoa Of Goblin Spiders (Oonopidae; Araneae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C7EBA9689B5DF988485CAF8E3E4A8AB3">Lipke, Elisabeth</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="162E7AD7B5D5974B0F251790D33420E1">Michalik, Peter</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="D8088FBA7E14CB7E89587B4F22F62687">Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="E6F963D501E81291EE7057282CFA20DE">2015</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03E487E0301C21672E94A21763987F59" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4628183" ID-GBIF-Taxon="180671186" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4628183" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E487E0301C21672E94A21763987F59" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E487E0301C21672E94A21763987F59" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<subSubSection id="C357657D301C21642E94A21763A17F1C" box="[201,511,1631,1654]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF236F6301C21642E94A21763A17F1C" blockId="5.[201,511,1631,1654]" box="[201,511,1631,1654]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<heading id="D0BA819A301C21642E94A21763A17F1C" box="[201,511,1631,1654]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D75301C21642E94A21763347F1F" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1892" box="[201,362,1631,1654]" class="Arachnida" family="Oonopidae" genus="Cinetomorpha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sp.">
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<emphasis id="B939EAE4301C21642E94A21763347F1F" box="[201,362,1631,1654]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Cinetomorpha</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. (Iguazú)
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C357657D301C21672E27A2C463987F59" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BF236F6301C21642E27A2C460357FB6" blockId="5.[93,619,1676,1759]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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SPERM TRANSFER FORM (
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<figureCitation id="13762A73301C21642F85A2C4606E7FCD" box="[472,560,1676,1700]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[150,188,1216,1235]" captionTargetBox="[131,1227,211,1193]" captionTargetId="figure-194@8.[128,1230,207,1193]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 3. Surface reconstruction of sperm transfer form of Cinetomorpha sp. (Iguazú), illustrating the shape and arrangement of all four fused sperm, as well as the arrangement of an individual sperm. Note the helically contorted nucleus. The axoneme is not shown in this surface reconstruction." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612279" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612279/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">figs. 3</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13762A73301C21642C16A2C460037FCD" box="[587,605,1676,1700]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[116,155,1190,1209]" captionTargetBox="[93,1195,207,1167]" captionTargetId="figure-149@9.[93,1195,207,1167]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 4. Characteristics of synspermia of Cinetomorpha sp. (Iguazú). A: One entire sperm conjugate is rather large (approx. 25 Mm). B, C: The nuclei of the four fused sperm are helically contorted, indicated by curls of the latter which are visible in cross sections. D: The chromatin condenses irregularly, resulting in a very specific chromatin-condensation pattern. E: The AV is conical with a widened subacrosomal space near the anterior pole of the nucleus; it appears spoonlike in cross sections (inset). F: The IF is very small, comprising only the two centrioles. G: The Ax, although hardly visible originates from the distal centriole. Note, a peN is not developed." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612283" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612283/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">4</figureCitation>
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): Large, cone-shaped synspermia (,25 Mm) consisting of four fused spermatozoa (
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<figureCitation id="13762A73301C21642C43A28160027FB6" box="[542,604,1737,1759]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[150,188,1216,1235]" captionTargetBox="[131,1227,211,1193]" captionTargetId="figure-194@8.[128,1230,207,1193]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 3. Surface reconstruction of sperm transfer form of Cinetomorpha sp. (Iguazú), illustrating the shape and arrangement of all four fused sperm, as well as the arrangement of an individual sperm. Note the helically contorted nucleus. The axoneme is not shown in this surface reconstruction." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612279" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612279/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">fig. 3</figureCitation>
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);
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF236F6301C21642CC6A49D66D27B79" blockId="5.[667,1193,213,1759]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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irregular membranes located in the periphery (
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<figureCitation id="13762A73301C21642CFEA4BA60BF7861" box="[675,737,242,264]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[116,155,1190,1209]" captionTargetBox="[93,1195,207,1167]" captionTargetId="figure-149@9.[93,1195,207,1167]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 4. Characteristics of synspermia of Cinetomorpha sp. (Iguazú). A: One entire sperm conjugate is rather large (approx. 25 Mm). B, C: The nuclei of the four fused sperm are helically contorted, indicated by curls of the latter which are visible in cross sections. D: The chromatin condenses irregularly, resulting in a very specific chromatin-condensation pattern. E: The AV is conical with a widened subacrosomal space near the anterior pole of the nucleus; it appears spoonlike in cross sections (inset). F: The IF is very small, comprising only the two centrioles. G: The Ax, although hardly visible originates from the distal centriole. Note, a peN is not developed." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612283" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612283/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">fig. 4</figureCitation>
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A–C). Cytoplasm in sperm conjugate heterogeneous; some dense granules and lamellae occur (
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<figureCitation id="13762A73301C21642D3BA56561FA782B" box="[870,932,301,323]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[116,155,1190,1209]" captionTargetBox="[93,1195,207,1167]" captionTargetId="figure-149@9.[93,1195,207,1167]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 4. Characteristics of synspermia of Cinetomorpha sp. (Iguazú). A: One entire sperm conjugate is rather large (approx. 25 Mm). B, C: The nuclei of the four fused sperm are helically contorted, indicated by curls of the latter which are visible in cross sections. D: The chromatin condenses irregularly, resulting in a very specific chromatin-condensation pattern. E: The AV is conical with a widened subacrosomal space near the anterior pole of the nucleus; it appears spoonlike in cross sections (inset). F: The IF is very small, comprising only the two centrioles. G: The Ax, although hardly visible originates from the distal centriole. Note, a peN is not developed." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612283" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612283/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">fig. 4</figureCitation>
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A–C, G). Nuclei incompletely coiled and helically contorted, chromatin irregularly condensed (
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<figureCitation id="13762A73301C21642A79A52F66C57814" box="[1060,1179,359,381]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[116,155,1190,1209]" captionTargetBox="[93,1195,207,1167]" captionTargetId="figure-149@9.[93,1195,207,1167]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 4. Characteristics of synspermia of Cinetomorpha sp. (Iguazú). A: One entire sperm conjugate is rather large (approx. 25 Mm). B, C: The nuclei of the four fused sperm are helically contorted, indicated by curls of the latter which are visible in cross sections. D: The chromatin condenses irregularly, resulting in a very specific chromatin-condensation pattern. E: The AV is conical with a widened subacrosomal space near the anterior pole of the nucleus; it appears spoonlike in cross sections (inset). F: The IF is very small, comprising only the two centrioles. G: The Ax, although hardly visible originates from the distal centriole. Note, a peN is not developed." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612283" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612283/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">fig. 4D, E</figureCitation>
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). Axonemes hardly visible (
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<figureCitation id="13762A73301C21642D8DA5CC667E78F2" box="[976,1056,388,411]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[116,155,1190,1209]" captionTargetBox="[93,1195,207,1167]" captionTargetId="figure-149@9.[93,1195,207,1167]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 4. Characteristics of synspermia of Cinetomorpha sp. (Iguazú). A: One entire sperm conjugate is rather large (approx. 25 Mm). B, C: The nuclei of the four fused sperm are helically contorted, indicated by curls of the latter which are visible in cross sections. D: The chromatin condenses irregularly, resulting in a very specific chromatin-condensation pattern. E: The AV is conical with a widened subacrosomal space near the anterior pole of the nucleus; it appears spoonlike in cross sections (inset). F: The IF is very small, comprising only the two centrioles. G: The Ax, although hardly visible originates from the distal centriole. Note, a peN is not developed." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612283" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612283/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">fig. 4F</figureCitation>
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) due a low electron density compared to the nonhomogeneous cytoplasm. A thin (,
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<quantity id="4CB59B13301C21642A5BA5F7660A78BD" box="[1030,1108,447,468]" metricMagnitude="-8" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="nm" value="80.0">80 nm</quantity>
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) secretion sheath, developed in the deferent ducts, surrounds each sperm conjugate (
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<figureCitation id="13762A73301C21642A75A5B166217B79" box="[1064,1151,505,528]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[116,155,1190,1209]" captionTargetBox="[93,1195,207,1167]" captionTargetId="figure-149@9.[93,1195,207,1167]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 4. Characteristics of synspermia of Cinetomorpha sp. (Iguazú). A: One entire sperm conjugate is rather large (approx. 25 Mm). B, C: The nuclei of the four fused sperm are helically contorted, indicated by curls of the latter which are visible in cross sections. D: The chromatin condenses irregularly, resulting in a very specific chromatin-condensation pattern. E: The AV is conical with a widened subacrosomal space near the anterior pole of the nucleus; it appears spoonlike in cross sections (inset). F: The IF is very small, comprising only the two centrioles. G: The Ax, although hardly visible originates from the distal centriole. Note, a peN is not developed." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612283" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612283/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">fig. 4G</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF236F6301C21642CE5A65E61C77A8D" blockId="5.[667,1193,213,1759]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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SPERMATOZOA (
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<figureCitation id="13762A73301C21642DD4A65E618E7B47" box="[905,976,534,558]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[116,155,1190,1209]" captionTargetBox="[93,1195,207,1167]" captionTargetId="figure-149@9.[93,1195,207,1167]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 4. Characteristics of synspermia of Cinetomorpha sp. (Iguazú). A: One entire sperm conjugate is rather large (approx. 25 Mm). B, C: The nuclei of the four fused sperm are helically contorted, indicated by curls of the latter which are visible in cross sections. D: The chromatin condenses irregularly, resulting in a very specific chromatin-condensation pattern. E: The AV is conical with a widened subacrosomal space near the anterior pole of the nucleus; it appears spoonlike in cross sections (inset). F: The IF is very small, comprising only the two centrioles. G: The Ax, although hardly visible originates from the distal centriole. Note, a peN is not developed." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612283" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612283/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">fig. 4</figureCitation>
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):
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<emphasis id="B939EAE4301C21642DB6A650608C7B23" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Acrosomal complex:</emphasis>
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AV cylindrical and small (,4.9 Mm); narrow subacrosomal space for the most part, slightly widening posteriorly (
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<figureCitation id="13762A73301C21642A0FA63860E57BCB" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[116,155,1190,1209]" captionTargetBox="[93,1195,207,1167]" captionTargetId="figure-149@9.[93,1195,207,1167]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 4. Characteristics of synspermia of Cinetomorpha sp. (Iguazú). A: One entire sperm conjugate is rather large (approx. 25 Mm). B, C: The nuclei of the four fused sperm are helically contorted, indicated by curls of the latter which are visible in cross sections. D: The chromatin condenses irregularly, resulting in a very specific chromatin-condensation pattern. E: The AV is conical with a widened subacrosomal space near the anterior pole of the nucleus; it appears spoonlike in cross sections (inset). F: The IF is very small, comprising only the two centrioles. G: The Ax, although hardly visible originates from the distal centriole. Note, a peN is not developed." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612283" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612283/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">fig. 4E, 4E</figureCitation>
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inset). AF thin, originates from narrow subacrosomal space in anterior AV and extends into a nuclear canal, but clearly ends before axonemal base.
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<emphasis id="B939EAE4301C21642DEAA6AD66477B93" bold="true" box="[951,1049,741,762]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Nucleus:</emphasis>
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prcN elongated (,66.8 Mm) (
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<figureCitation id="13762A73301C21642D23A74A61E27A71" box="[894,956,770,792]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[116,155,1190,1209]" captionTargetBox="[93,1195,207,1167]" captionTargetId="figure-149@9.[93,1195,207,1167]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 4. Characteristics of synspermia of Cinetomorpha sp. (Iguazú). A: One entire sperm conjugate is rather large (approx. 25 Mm). B, C: The nuclei of the four fused sperm are helically contorted, indicated by curls of the latter which are visible in cross sections. D: The chromatin condenses irregularly, resulting in a very specific chromatin-condensation pattern. E: The AV is conical with a widened subacrosomal space near the anterior pole of the nucleus; it appears spoonlike in cross sections (inset). F: The IF is very small, comprising only the two centrioles. G: The Ax, although hardly visible originates from the distal centriole. Note, a peN is not developed." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612283" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612283/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">fig. 4</figureCitation>
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A–C), helically contorted, and with a conspicuous, irregular chromatin-condensation pattern. The small implantation fossa contains only centrioles (
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<figureCitation id="13762A73301C21642CFEA73F60A77AE4" box="[675,761,887,909]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[116,155,1190,1209]" captionTargetBox="[93,1195,207,1167]" captionTargetId="figure-149@9.[93,1195,207,1167]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 4. Characteristics of synspermia of Cinetomorpha sp. (Iguazú). A: One entire sperm conjugate is rather large (approx. 25 Mm). B, C: The nuclei of the four fused sperm are helically contorted, indicated by curls of the latter which are visible in cross sections. D: The chromatin condenses irregularly, resulting in a very specific chromatin-condensation pattern. E: The AV is conical with a widened subacrosomal space near the anterior pole of the nucleus; it appears spoonlike in cross sections (inset). F: The IF is very small, comprising only the two centrioles. G: The Ax, although hardly visible originates from the distal centriole. Note, a peN is not developed." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612283" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612283/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">fig. 4G</figureCitation>
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); peN absent. NC empty for the most part in mid and late spermatids and no longer visible in mature sperm.
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<emphasis id="B939EAE4301C21642A5BA7F966267AAF" bold="true" box="[1030,1144,945,966]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Axoneme:</emphasis>
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9+3 microtubular pattern.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF236F6301C21672CE5A7A363987F59" blockId="5.[667,1193,213,1759]" lastBlockId="6.[128,653,1532,1584]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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NOTES ON SPERMIOGENESIS (
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<figureCitation id="13762A73301C21642A4DA7A3660E7D6A" box="[1040,1104,1003,1027]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[150,188,1191,1210]" captionTargetBox="[128,1230,207,1168]" captionTargetId="figure-78@10.[128,1230,207,1168]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 5. Characteristics of spermiogenesis of Cinetomorpha sp. (Iguazú). A: Early spermatids are characterized by small AV that appears spotted. B: The two centrioles arrange in a tandem position and migrate toward the posterior pole of the nucleus initiating the formation of the implantation fossa. C: The chromatin condensation is restricted to a small portion of the nucleus that is often associated with the nuclear canal. D: The NC is located in the periphery of the developing nucleus and contains the AF. E: During further spermatid development, the nucleus enormously elongates and the peculiar chromatincondensation pattern is formed. Note, the nuclear canal is empty for the most part in these spermatids. F: The Ax that originates from the distal centriole extends into the flagellar tunnel. G: Although the axoneme possesses the typical 9+3 microtubular pattern, the central tubules are very short and missing for the most part. H: While four spermatids fuse entirely, the manchette of microtubules disintegrates. Numerous constrictions of the membrane of the syncytium border the early sperm conjugate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612285" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612285/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
): Within the testis all stages of spermiogenesis are present. Germ cells of the same developmental stage in conjunction within cyst. The acrosomal vacuole of early spermatids irregularly electron dense, resulting in spotted appearance (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A73301C21642C81A0D5616F7DDA" box="[732,817,1181,1203]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[150,188,1191,1210]" captionTargetBox="[128,1230,207,1168]" captionTargetId="figure-78@10.[128,1230,207,1168]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 5. Characteristics of spermiogenesis of Cinetomorpha sp. (Iguazú). A: Early spermatids are characterized by small AV that appears spotted. B: The two centrioles arrange in a tandem position and migrate toward the posterior pole of the nucleus initiating the formation of the implantation fossa. C: The chromatin condensation is restricted to a small portion of the nucleus that is often associated with the nuclear canal. D: The NC is located in the periphery of the developing nucleus and contains the AF. E: During further spermatid development, the nucleus enormously elongates and the peculiar chromatincondensation pattern is formed. Note, the nuclear canal is empty for the most part in these spermatids. F: The Ax that originates from the distal centriole extends into the flagellar tunnel. G: Although the axoneme possesses the typical 9+3 microtubular pattern, the central tubules are very short and missing for the most part. H: While four spermatids fuse entirely, the manchette of microtubules disintegrates. Numerous constrictions of the membrane of the syncytium border the early sperm conjugate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612285" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612285/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">fig. 5A</figureCitation>
|
||
). It is separated from the anterior pole of the nucleus by a small electron-dense plate. The two centrioles migrate toward posterior pole, where they arrange in a tandem position (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A73301C21642D50A15A61017C41" box="[781,863,1298,1320]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[150,188,1191,1210]" captionTargetBox="[128,1230,207,1168]" captionTargetId="figure-78@10.[128,1230,207,1168]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 5. Characteristics of spermiogenesis of Cinetomorpha sp. (Iguazú). A: Early spermatids are characterized by small AV that appears spotted. B: The two centrioles arrange in a tandem position and migrate toward the posterior pole of the nucleus initiating the formation of the implantation fossa. C: The chromatin condensation is restricted to a small portion of the nucleus that is often associated with the nuclear canal. D: The NC is located in the periphery of the developing nucleus and contains the AF. E: During further spermatid development, the nucleus enormously elongates and the peculiar chromatincondensation pattern is formed. Note, the nuclear canal is empty for the most part in these spermatids. F: The Ax that originates from the distal centriole extends into the flagellar tunnel. G: Although the axoneme possesses the typical 9+3 microtubular pattern, the central tubules are very short and missing for the most part. H: While four spermatids fuse entirely, the manchette of microtubules disintegrates. Numerous constrictions of the membrane of the syncytium border the early sperm conjugate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612285" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612285/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">fig. 5B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Chromatin starts to condense only in a small portion near the nuclear canal that contains the acrosomal filament (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A73301C21642CFEA12261457C16" box="[675,795,1386,1408]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[150,188,1191,1210]" captionTargetBox="[128,1230,207,1168]" captionTargetId="figure-78@10.[128,1230,207,1168]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 5. Characteristics of spermiogenesis of Cinetomorpha sp. (Iguazú). A: Early spermatids are characterized by small AV that appears spotted. B: The two centrioles arrange in a tandem position and migrate toward the posterior pole of the nucleus initiating the formation of the implantation fossa. C: The chromatin condensation is restricted to a small portion of the nucleus that is often associated with the nuclear canal. D: The NC is located in the periphery of the developing nucleus and contains the AF. E: During further spermatid development, the nucleus enormously elongates and the peculiar chromatincondensation pattern is formed. Note, the nuclear canal is empty for the most part in these spermatids. F: The Ax that originates from the distal centriole extends into the flagellar tunnel. G: Although the axoneme possesses the typical 9+3 microtubular pattern, the central tubules are very short and missing for the most part. H: While four spermatids fuse entirely, the manchette of microtubules disintegrates. Numerous constrictions of the membrane of the syncytium border the early sperm conjugate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612285" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612285/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">fig. 5C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
) while the so-called manchette of microtubules (i.e., a ring or ruffle of microtubules) surrounds the entire nuclear material (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A73301C21642CFEA18A617D7CBE" box="[675,803,1473,1496]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[150,188,1191,1210]" captionTargetBox="[128,1230,207,1168]" captionTargetId="figure-78@10.[128,1230,207,1168]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 5. Characteristics of spermiogenesis of Cinetomorpha sp. (Iguazú). A: Early spermatids are characterized by small AV that appears spotted. B: The two centrioles arrange in a tandem position and migrate toward the posterior pole of the nucleus initiating the formation of the implantation fossa. C: The chromatin condensation is restricted to a small portion of the nucleus that is often associated with the nuclear canal. D: The NC is located in the periphery of the developing nucleus and contains the AF. E: During further spermatid development, the nucleus enormously elongates and the peculiar chromatincondensation pattern is formed. Note, the nuclear canal is empty for the most part in these spermatids. F: The Ax that originates from the distal centriole extends into the flagellar tunnel. G: Although the axoneme possesses the typical 9+3 microtubular pattern, the central tubules are very short and missing for the most part. H: While four spermatids fuse entirely, the manchette of microtubules disintegrates. Numerous constrictions of the membrane of the syncytium border the early sperm conjugate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612285" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612285/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">fig. 5C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Further development includes elongation of the nucleus. The chromatin condenses irregularly and appears “folded” (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A73301C21642CFEA25160AC7F46" box="[675,754,1561,1583]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[150,188,1191,1210]" captionTargetBox="[128,1230,207,1168]" captionTargetId="figure-78@10.[128,1230,207,1168]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 5. Characteristics of spermiogenesis of Cinetomorpha sp. (Iguazú). A: Early spermatids are characterized by small AV that appears spotted. B: The two centrioles arrange in a tandem position and migrate toward the posterior pole of the nucleus initiating the formation of the implantation fossa. C: The chromatin condensation is restricted to a small portion of the nucleus that is often associated with the nuclear canal. D: The NC is located in the periphery of the developing nucleus and contains the AF. E: During further spermatid development, the nucleus enormously elongates and the peculiar chromatincondensation pattern is formed. Note, the nuclear canal is empty for the most part in these spermatids. F: The Ax that originates from the distal centriole extends into the flagellar tunnel. G: Although the axoneme possesses the typical 9+3 microtubular pattern, the central tubules are very short and missing for the most part. H: While four spermatids fuse entirely, the manchette of microtubules disintegrates. Numerous constrictions of the membrane of the syncytium border the early sperm conjugate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612285" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612285/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">fig. 5E</figureCitation>
|
||
) with a typical “looped” appearance in cross section (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A73301C21642D32A27F61B27F25" box="[879,1004,1591,1613]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[150,188,1191,1210]" captionTargetBox="[128,1230,207,1168]" captionTargetId="figure-78@10.[128,1230,207,1168]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 5. Characteristics of spermiogenesis of Cinetomorpha sp. (Iguazú). A: Early spermatids are characterized by small AV that appears spotted. B: The two centrioles arrange in a tandem position and migrate toward the posterior pole of the nucleus initiating the formation of the implantation fossa. C: The chromatin condensation is restricted to a small portion of the nucleus that is often associated with the nuclear canal. D: The NC is located in the periphery of the developing nucleus and contains the AF. E: During further spermatid development, the nucleus enormously elongates and the peculiar chromatincondensation pattern is formed. Note, the nuclear canal is empty for the most part in these spermatids. F: The Ax that originates from the distal centriole extends into the flagellar tunnel. G: Although the axoneme possesses the typical 9+3 microtubular pattern, the central tubules are very short and missing for the most part. H: While four spermatids fuse entirely, the manchette of microtubules disintegrates. Numerous constrictions of the membrane of the syncytium border the early sperm conjugate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612285" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612285/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">fig. 5E, H</figureCitation>
|
||
). Although the axoneme has the typical 9+3 microtubular pattern (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A73301C21642D5FA239610D7FEE" box="[770,851,1649,1671]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[150,188,1191,1210]" captionTargetBox="[128,1230,207,1168]" captionTargetId="figure-78@10.[128,1230,207,1168]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 5. Characteristics of spermiogenesis of Cinetomorpha sp. (Iguazú). A: Early spermatids are characterized by small AV that appears spotted. B: The two centrioles arrange in a tandem position and migrate toward the posterior pole of the nucleus initiating the formation of the implantation fossa. C: The chromatin condensation is restricted to a small portion of the nucleus that is often associated with the nuclear canal. D: The NC is located in the periphery of the developing nucleus and contains the AF. E: During further spermatid development, the nucleus enormously elongates and the peculiar chromatincondensation pattern is formed. Note, the nuclear canal is empty for the most part in these spermatids. F: The Ax that originates from the distal centriole extends into the flagellar tunnel. G: Although the axoneme possesses the typical 9+3 microtubular pattern, the central tubules are very short and missing for the most part. H: While four spermatids fuse entirely, the manchette of microtubules disintegrates. Numerous constrictions of the membrane of the syncytium border the early sperm conjugate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612285" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612285/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">fig. 5F</figureCitation>
|
||
), the central tubuli are very short, thus the main part of the axoneme shows 9+0 microtubular pattern (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A73301C21642A1BA2E466C57FAB" box="[1094,1179,1708,1730]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[150,188,1191,1210]" captionTargetBox="[128,1230,207,1168]" captionTargetId="figure-78@10.[128,1230,207,1168]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 5. Characteristics of spermiogenesis of Cinetomorpha sp. (Iguazú). A: Early spermatids are characterized by small AV that appears spotted. B: The two centrioles arrange in a tandem position and migrate toward the posterior pole of the nucleus initiating the formation of the implantation fossa. C: The chromatin condensation is restricted to a small portion of the nucleus that is often associated with the nuclear canal. D: The NC is located in the periphery of the developing nucleus and contains the AF. E: During further spermatid development, the nucleus enormously elongates and the peculiar chromatincondensation pattern is formed. Note, the nuclear canal is empty for the most part in these spermatids. F: The Ax that originates from the distal centriole extends into the flagellar tunnel. G: Although the axoneme possesses the typical 9+3 microtubular pattern, the central tubules are very short and missing for the most part. H: While four spermatids fuse entirely, the manchette of microtubules disintegrates. Numerous constrictions of the membrane of the syncytium border the early sperm conjugate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612285" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612285/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">fig. 5G</figureCitation>
|
||
). While spermatids start to fuse at the end of spermiogenesis, the manchette of microtubules disintegrates (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A73301F21672F3EA25263E77F59" box="[355,441,1562,1584]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[150,188,1191,1210]" captionTargetBox="[128,1230,207,1168]" captionTargetId="figure-78@10.[128,1230,207,1168]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 5. Characteristics of spermiogenesis of Cinetomorpha sp. (Iguazú). A: Early spermatids are characterized by small AV that appears spotted. B: The two centrioles arrange in a tandem position and migrate toward the posterior pole of the nucleus initiating the formation of the implantation fossa. C: The chromatin condensation is restricted to a small portion of the nucleus that is often associated with the nuclear canal. D: The NC is located in the periphery of the developing nucleus and contains the AF. E: During further spermatid development, the nucleus enormously elongates and the peculiar chromatincondensation pattern is formed. Note, the nuclear canal is empty for the most part in these spermatids. F: The Ax that originates from the distal centriole extends into the flagellar tunnel. G: Although the axoneme possesses the typical 9+3 microtubular pattern, the central tubules are very short and missing for the most part. H: While four spermatids fuse entirely, the manchette of microtubules disintegrates. Numerous constrictions of the membrane of the syncytium border the early sperm conjugate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612285" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612285/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">fig. 5H</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |