198 lines
41 KiB
XML
198 lines
41 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="4F0DAFEE786D7B2499E0333D08D2AF15">Evolutionary Morphology Of The Primary Male Reproductive System And Spermatozoa Of Goblin Spiders (Oonopidae; Araneae)</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03E487E0300E217A2E36A228619F7C63" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4632228" ID-GBIF-Taxon="180671192" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4632228" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E487E0300E217A2E36A228619F7C63" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E487E0300E217A2E36A228619F7C63" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<subSubSection id="C357657D300E21762E36A22863DE7FFB" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF236F6300E21762E36A22863DE7FFB" blockId="23.[107,604,1632,1682]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D75300E21762E36A22863DE7FFB" ID-CoL="46W2Q" authority="Grismado and Ramirez, 2013" authorityName="Grismado and Ramirez" authorityYear="2013" class="Arachnida" family="Oonopidae" genus="Neotrops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="waorani">
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<emphasis id="B939EAE4300E21762E36A22863697F1C" box="[107,311,1632,1653]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Neotrops waorani</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B07300E21762F1DA22863DE7FFB" author="Grismado, C. J. & M. J. Ramirez" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 150" refId="ref26769" refString="Grismado, C. J., and M. J. Ramirez. 2013. The New World goblin spiders of the genus Neotrops (Araneae: Oonopidae), part I. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 383: 1 - 150." type="journal article" year="2013">Grismado and Ramírez, 2013</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C357657D300E217A2E27A2E2619F7C63" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BF236F6300E21762E27A2E260357FB6" blockId="23.[93,619,1706,1759]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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SPERM TRANSFER FORM (
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<figureCitation id="13762A73300E21762FE7A2E260537FAB" box="[442,525,1706,1730]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[116,155,1416,1435]" captionTargetBox="[93,1195,207,1393]" captionTargetId="figure-1@21.[93,1195,207,1393]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig. 16. Characteristics of synspermia and spermatozoa of Neotrops waorani. A: Sperm conjugates are surrounded by a distinct secretion sheath and characterized by heterogeneous cytoplasm, a distinct vesicular area, and numerous mitochondria. B: Longitudinal sections through sperm conjugates reveal the mainly oval shape of the synspermia. C: The membrane of the syncytium is constricted in the periphery. D: The subacrosomal space is widened. E: Due to the electron density of the vesicular area, axonemes are hardly visible. F: Within the ejaculatory duct, sperm conjugates further differentiate; this especially includes condensation of cytoplasm while peripheral constrictions recess." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612321" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612321/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">fig. 16</figureCitation>
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): Medium-sized (,9 Mm), oval-shaped synspermia,
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF236F6300E21762CC6A10D61D07FCB" blockId="23.[667,1193,1349,1758]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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comprising four sperm. Within the deferent ducts, numerous mitochondria are visible in the periphery of sperm conjugates; the cytoplasm appears granular (
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<figureCitation id="13762A73300E21762D9AA1D666107CDD" box="[967,1102,1438,1460]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[116,155,1416,1435]" captionTargetBox="[93,1195,207,1393]" captionTargetId="figure-1@21.[93,1195,207,1393]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig. 16. Characteristics of synspermia and spermatozoa of Neotrops waorani. A: Sperm conjugates are surrounded by a distinct secretion sheath and characterized by heterogeneous cytoplasm, a distinct vesicular area, and numerous mitochondria. B: Longitudinal sections through sperm conjugates reveal the mainly oval shape of the synspermia. C: The membrane of the syncytium is constricted in the periphery. D: The subacrosomal space is widened. E: Due to the electron density of the vesicular area, axonemes are hardly visible. F: Within the ejaculatory duct, sperm conjugates further differentiate; this especially includes condensation of cytoplasm while peripheral constrictions recess." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612321" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612321/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">fig. 16A, B</figureCitation>
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). Cross sections of several, fingerlike constrictions of the peripheral cytoplasm are visible (
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<figureCitation id="13762A73300E21762A67A19266C27C99" box="[1082,1180,1498,1520]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[116,155,1416,1435]" captionTargetBox="[93,1195,207,1393]" captionTargetId="figure-1@21.[93,1195,207,1393]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig. 16. Characteristics of synspermia and spermatozoa of Neotrops waorani. A: Sperm conjugates are surrounded by a distinct secretion sheath and characterized by heterogeneous cytoplasm, a distinct vesicular area, and numerous mitochondria. B: Longitudinal sections through sperm conjugates reveal the mainly oval shape of the synspermia. C: The membrane of the syncytium is constricted in the periphery. D: The subacrosomal space is widened. E: Due to the electron density of the vesicular area, axonemes are hardly visible. F: Within the ejaculatory duct, sperm conjugates further differentiate; this especially includes condensation of cytoplasm while peripheral constrictions recess." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612321" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612321/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">fig. 16C</figureCitation>
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). The cytoplasm and constrictions further condense (
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<figureCitation id="13762A73300E21762D4BA25D61247F42" box="[790,890,1557,1579]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[116,155,1416,1435]" captionTargetBox="[93,1195,207,1393]" captionTargetId="figure-1@21.[93,1195,207,1393]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig. 16. Characteristics of synspermia and spermatozoa of Neotrops waorani. A: Sperm conjugates are surrounded by a distinct secretion sheath and characterized by heterogeneous cytoplasm, a distinct vesicular area, and numerous mitochondria. B: Longitudinal sections through sperm conjugates reveal the mainly oval shape of the synspermia. C: The membrane of the syncytium is constricted in the periphery. D: The subacrosomal space is widened. E: Due to the electron density of the vesicular area, axonemes are hardly visible. F: Within the ejaculatory duct, sperm conjugates further differentiate; this especially includes condensation of cytoplasm while peripheral constrictions recess." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612321" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612321/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">fig. 16D</figureCitation>
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), finally a distinct peripheral ring of these cytoplasmic constrictions is formed (
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<figureCitation id="13762A73300E21762CA1A21961037F0E" box="[764,861,1617,1639]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[116,155,1416,1435]" captionTargetBox="[93,1195,207,1393]" captionTargetId="figure-1@21.[93,1195,207,1393]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig. 16. Characteristics of synspermia and spermatozoa of Neotrops waorani. A: Sperm conjugates are surrounded by a distinct secretion sheath and characterized by heterogeneous cytoplasm, a distinct vesicular area, and numerous mitochondria. B: Longitudinal sections through sperm conjugates reveal the mainly oval shape of the synspermia. C: The membrane of the syncytium is constricted in the periphery. D: The subacrosomal space is widened. E: Due to the electron density of the vesicular area, axonemes are hardly visible. F: Within the ejaculatory duct, sperm conjugates further differentiate; this especially includes condensation of cytoplasm while peripheral constrictions recess." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612321" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612321/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">fig. 16E</figureCitation>
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). Synspermia are surrounded by a thick (,
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<quantity id="4CB59B13300E21762D6CA22761D77FED" box="[817,905,1647,1668]" metricMagnitude="-7" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="nm" value="200.0">200 nm</quantity>
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), homogeneous secretion sheath (
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<figureCitation id="13762A73300E21762CA8A2C461DE7FCB" box="[757,896,1676,1698]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[116,155,1416,1435]" captionTargetBox="[93,1195,207,1393]" captionTargetId="figure-1@21.[93,1195,207,1393]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig. 16. Characteristics of synspermia and spermatozoa of Neotrops waorani. A: Sperm conjugates are surrounded by a distinct secretion sheath and characterized by heterogeneous cytoplasm, a distinct vesicular area, and numerous mitochondria. B: Longitudinal sections through sperm conjugates reveal the mainly oval shape of the synspermia. C: The membrane of the syncytium is constricted in the periphery. D: The subacrosomal space is widened. E: Due to the electron density of the vesicular area, axonemes are hardly visible. F: Within the ejaculatory duct, sperm conjugates further differentiate; this especially includes condensation of cytoplasm while peripheral constrictions recess." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612321" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612321/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">figs. 16E, F</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF236F6300E217A2CE5A2E163497D84" blockId="23.[667,1193,1349,1758]" lastBlockId="27.[93,620,1005,1759]" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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SPERMATOZOA (
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<figureCitation id="13762A73300E21762D26A2E1618F7FA8" box="[891,977,1705,1729]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[116,155,1416,1435]" captionTargetBox="[93,1195,207,1393]" captionTargetId="figure-1@21.[93,1195,207,1393]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig. 16. Characteristics of synspermia and spermatozoa of Neotrops waorani. A: Sperm conjugates are surrounded by a distinct secretion sheath and characterized by heterogeneous cytoplasm, a distinct vesicular area, and numerous mitochondria. B: Longitudinal sections through sperm conjugates reveal the mainly oval shape of the synspermia. C: The membrane of the syncytium is constricted in the periphery. D: The subacrosomal space is widened. E: Due to the electron density of the vesicular area, axonemes are hardly visible. F: Within the ejaculatory duct, sperm conjugates further differentiate; this especially includes condensation of cytoplasm while peripheral constrictions recess." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612321" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612321/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">fig. 16</figureCitation>
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):
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<emphasis id="B939EAE4300E21762DB6A2E3608C7FB7" bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Acrosomal complex:</emphasis>
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AV long, conical; wide subacrosomal space (
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<figureCitation id="13762A733002217A2EEDA7A563667D6A" box="[176,312,1005,1027]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[116,155,1416,1435]" captionTargetBox="[93,1195,207,1393]" captionTargetId="figure-1@21.[93,1195,207,1393]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig. 16. Characteristics of synspermia and spermatozoa of Neotrops waorani. A: Sperm conjugates are surrounded by a distinct secretion sheath and characterized by heterogeneous cytoplasm, a distinct vesicular area, and numerous mitochondria. B: Longitudinal sections through sperm conjugates reveal the mainly oval shape of the synspermia. C: The membrane of the syncytium is constricted in the periphery. D: The subacrosomal space is widened. E: Due to the electron density of the vesicular area, axonemes are hardly visible. F: Within the ejaculatory duct, sperm conjugates further differentiate; this especially includes condensation of cytoplasm while peripheral constrictions recess." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612321" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612321/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">fig. 16B, D</figureCitation>
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). AF originates from the subacrosomal space, extends into the nuclear canal, but clearly ends before the base of the axoneme (
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<figureCitation id="13762A733002217A2E84A00D63677D32" box="[217,313,1093,1115]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[116,155,1416,1435]" captionTargetBox="[93,1195,207,1393]" captionTargetId="figure-1@21.[93,1195,207,1393]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig. 16. Characteristics of synspermia and spermatozoa of Neotrops waorani. A: Sperm conjugates are surrounded by a distinct secretion sheath and characterized by heterogeneous cytoplasm, a distinct vesicular area, and numerous mitochondria. B: Longitudinal sections through sperm conjugates reveal the mainly oval shape of the synspermia. C: The membrane of the syncytium is constricted in the periphery. D: The subacrosomal space is widened. E: Due to the electron density of the vesicular area, axonemes are hardly visible. F: Within the ejaculatory duct, sperm conjugates further differentiate; this especially includes condensation of cytoplasm while peripheral constrictions recess." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612321" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612321/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">fig. 16F</figureCitation>
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).
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<emphasis id="B939EAE43002217A2F0FA00D63ED7D33" bold="true" box="[338,435,1093,1114]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Nucleus:</emphasis>
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prcN indented at its anterior pole, irregularly condensed (
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<figureCitation id="13762A733002217A2E38A0C8629D7DFC" box="[101,195,1151,1174]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[116,155,1416,1435]" captionTargetBox="[93,1195,207,1393]" captionTargetId="figure-1@21.[93,1195,207,1393]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig. 16. Characteristics of synspermia and spermatozoa of Neotrops waorani. A: Sperm conjugates are surrounded by a distinct secretion sheath and characterized by heterogeneous cytoplasm, a distinct vesicular area, and numerous mitochondria. B: Longitudinal sections through sperm conjugates reveal the mainly oval shape of the synspermia. C: The membrane of the syncytium is constricted in the periphery. D: The subacrosomal space is widened. E: Due to the electron density of the vesicular area, axonemes are hardly visible. F: Within the ejaculatory duct, sperm conjugates further differentiate; this especially includes condensation of cytoplasm while peripheral constrictions recess." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612321" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612321/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">fig. 16B</figureCitation>
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), compact. peN flattened. NC located in the periphery, but empty for the most part.
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<emphasis id="B939EAE43002217A2E00A0F2628E7DA6" bold="true" box="[93,208,1210,1231]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Axoneme:</emphasis>
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long, 9+3 microtubular pattern (
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<figureCitation id="13762A733002217A2E38A09F63577D84" box="[101,265,1239,1261]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[116,155,1416,1435]" captionTargetBox="[93,1195,207,1393]" captionTargetId="figure-1@21.[93,1195,207,1393]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig. 16. Characteristics of synspermia and spermatozoa of Neotrops waorani. A: Sperm conjugates are surrounded by a distinct secretion sheath and characterized by heterogeneous cytoplasm, a distinct vesicular area, and numerous mitochondria. B: Longitudinal sections through sperm conjugates reveal the mainly oval shape of the synspermia. C: The membrane of the syncytium is constricted in the periphery. D: The subacrosomal space is widened. E: Due to the electron density of the vesicular area, axonemes are hardly visible. F: Within the ejaculatory duct, sperm conjugates further differentiate; this especially includes condensation of cytoplasm while peripheral constrictions recess." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612321" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612321/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">fig. 16A, B, F</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF32667E300121792ECBA1C066497F19" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612332" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4612332" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612332/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" startId="24.[150,188,1416,1435]" targetBox="[128,1230,207,1393]" targetPageId="24">
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<paragraph id="8BF236F6300121792ECBA1C066497F19" blockId="24.[128,1228,1416,1648]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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Fig. 19. Characteristics of synspermia and mature spermatozoa of
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D75300121792D38A1C0662A7CF5" baseAuthorityName="Bristowe" baseAuthorityYear="1938" box="[869,1140,1416,1436]" class="Arachnida" family="Oonopidae" genus="Neoxyphinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="termitophilus">
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<emphasis id="B939EAE4300121792D38A1C0662A7CF5" box="[869,1140,1416,1436]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Neoxyphinus termitophilus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<emphasis id="B939EAE4300121792ADEA1C066C57CF2" bold="true" box="[1155,1179,1416,1435]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">A:</emphasis>
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The large oval-shaped sperm conjugate is surrounded by a very thin secretion sheath that is applied in the ejaculatory duct.
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<emphasis id="B939EAE4300121792F64A1F663177CB8" bold="true" box="[313,329,1470,1489]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">B</emphasis>
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: The periphery of the sperm conjugate is composed of numerous mitochondria and small fingerlike constrictions of the membrane of the syncytium.
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<emphasis id="B939EAE4300121792D41A19061707C82" bold="true" box="[796,814,1496,1515]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">C</emphasis>
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: These constrictions further deepen and surround the sperm conjugate.
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAE4300121792F9CA1BB638A7F6F" bold="true" box="[449,468,1523,1542]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">D</emphasis>
|
||
: At the end of spermiogenesis four spermatids arrange closely attached to each other; they do not fuse, but instead cellular bridges (through which spermatids remain connected during spermiogenesis) widen and encase the spermatids, so that each sperm remains surrounded by its own cell membrane.
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAE4300121792F3DA20B632E7F3F" bold="true" box="[352,368,1603,1622]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">E</emphasis>
|
||
: The chromatin is irregularly condensed and possesses a distinct electron-lucent patch opposed to the NC, which is, although empty for the most part, partly enlarged.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF32667E300021782E29A1CF634B7F06" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4612334" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612334/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" startId="25.[116,153,1415,1434]" targetBox="[93,1195,207,1393]" targetPageId="25">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236F6300021782E29A1CF634B7F06" blockId="25.[93,1194,1415,1647]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
Fig. 20. Characteristics of spermiogenesis of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D75300021782C18A1CF610D7CF2" baseAuthorityName="Bristowe" baseAuthorityYear="1938" box="[581,851,1415,1435]" class="Arachnida" family="Oonopidae" genus="Neoxyphinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="termitophilus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAE4300021782C18A1CF610D7CF2" box="[581,851,1415,1435]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Neoxyphinus termitophilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAE4300021782D3DA1CF612C7CF3" bold="true" box="[864,882,1415,1434]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">A</emphasis>
|
||
: Spermatids are characterized by a small AV. The anterior pole of the nucleus is extended at one side and the anterior pole of the AV is attached to the cell membrane.
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAE4300021782FE5A1F563967CB9" bold="true" box="[440,456,1469,1488]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">B</emphasis>
|
||
: Mitochondria are present within the cytoplasm.
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAE4300021782DB5A1F461A47CA6" bold="true" box="[1000,1018,1468,1487]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">C</emphasis>
|
||
: During further development the chromatin starts condensation and appears fibrillar.
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAE4300021782D1DA19F610D7C83" bold="true" box="[832,851,1495,1514]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">D</emphasis>
|
||
: At the posterior portion of the nucleus an IF, which is filled with numerous mitochondria, is formed.
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAE4300021782D16A1BA61057F6C" bold="true" box="[843,859,1522,1541]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">E</emphasis>
|
||
: While the nucleus enormously elongates the characteristic chromatin-condensation pattern (central electron-lucent patch) is developed (inset).
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAE4300021782EF6A26F62E47F53" bold="true" box="[171,186,1575,1594]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">F</emphasis>
|
||
: The axoneme curls around the nucleus.
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAE4300021782C34A26F60227F53" bold="true" box="[617,636,1575,1594]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">G</emphasis>
|
||
: The two centrioles are arranged in tandem position.
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAE4300021782E00A20A622F7F3C" bold="true" box="[93,113,1602,1621]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">H</emphasis>
|
||
: Besides the two centrioles and numerous mitochondria, a small amount of electron-dense secretions is present in the IF.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF32667E3003217B2ECBA12760477FE5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612338" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4612338" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612338/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" startId="26.[150,188,1391,1410]" targetBox="[128,1230,208,1369]" targetPageId="26">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236F63003217B2ECBA12760477FE5" blockId="26.[128,1228,1390,1676]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
Fig. 21. Characteristics of spermiogenesis and mature spermatozoa of
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAE43003217B2DFBA126663B7CEB" box="[934,1125,1390,1410]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D753003217B2DFBA126663F7CEB" box="[934,1121,1390,1410]" class="Arachnida" family="Oonopidae" genus="Niarchos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scutatus">Niarchos scutatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAE43003217B2A2DA12766DC7CEB" bold="true" box="[1136,1154,1391,1410]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">A</emphasis>
|
||
: Early spermatids already fused entirely, thus all developing spermatids are surrounded by a common membrane.
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAE43003217B2EDDA1EC62CE7CDE" bold="true" box="[128,144,1444,1463]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">B</emphasis>
|
||
: The posterior portion of the elongating AV is sunken into the anterior pole of the nucleus in early spermatids.
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAE43003217B2F5CA1F7634D7CBB" bold="true" box="[257,275,1471,1490]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">C</emphasis>
|
||
: Both centrioles (proximal and distal centriole) arrange in tandem position and migrate toward the posterior pole and thus induce the formation if the very small IF that comprises only the two centrioles (magnification in inset).
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAE43003217B2FA5A1BC60557F6E" bold="true" box="[504,523,1524,1543]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">D</emphasis>
|
||
: The elongated NC is located in the periphery and usually bent toward the nucleus.
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAE43003217B2F00A24763337F4B" bold="true" box="[349,365,1551,1570]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">E</emphasis>
|
||
: The chromatin condenses irregularly and with distinct electron-lucent portions opposed to the portion in which the NC is running.
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAE43003217B2CF4A26160E67F55" bold="true" box="[681,696,1577,1596]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">F</emphasis>
|
||
: At the end of spermiogenesis the four spermatids arrange closely attached to each other in the middle of the large sperm conjugate. The Ax of each spermatid coils within the cell membrane and a small, electron-dense VA that surrounds the main sperm cell components secondarily is formed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF32667E3002217A2E29A72F60867AD9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612340" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4612340" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612340/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" startId="27.[116,155,871,890]" targetBox="[93,1190,211,848]" targetPageId="27">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236F63002217A2E29A72F60867AD9" blockId="27.[93,1193,871,944]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
Fig. 22. Surface reconstruction of sperm transfer form of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D753002217A2C83A72F61757A13" box="[734,811,871,890]" class="Arachnida" family="Oonopidae" genus="Oonops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAE43002217A2C83A72F61757A13" box="[734,811,871,890]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Oonops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (Ibiza) illustrating the shape and arrangement of two fused sperm, as well as the arrangement of an individual sperm. Note the very long AV, which is nearly as long as the prcN and the small peN.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236F63002217A2E27A0BC619F7C63" blockId="27.[93,620,1005,1759]" lastBlockId="27.[667,1193,1005,1290]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
NOTES ON SPERMIOGENESIS (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A733002217A2F81A0BC60717C65" box="[476,559,1268,1292]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[150,188,1416,1435]" captionTargetBox="[128,1230,207,1393]" captionTargetId="figure-1@22.[128,1230,207,1393]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 17. Characteristics of spermiogenesis of Neotrops waorani. A: The posterior portion of AV is already deeply sunken into the anterior pole of the nucleus in early spermatids, the subacrosomal space is widened. B: The AV is surrounded by distinct electron-dense material. C: The chromatin appears fibrillar and shows dense streaks. D: The proximal centriole is enlarged. E: The base of the axoneme is surrounded by electron-dense secretions that arrange in plates. F: The NC runs in the periphery of the nucleus appears stalked because of the irregular chromatin-condensation pattern. G: At the end of spermiogenesis, a distinct electron-dense vesicular area is formed, while the main cell components coil within the cell." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612325" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612325/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
): All stages of spermiogenesis are present in the testis. Spermatids of the same developmental stage are arranged in cysts. The large AV possesses a wide subacrosomal space, is accompanied by a collar of electron-dense secretions and secretion droplets (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A733002217A2FA5A1ED60037CD2" box="[504,605,1445,1467]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[150,188,1416,1435]" captionTargetBox="[128,1230,207,1393]" captionTargetId="figure-1@22.[128,1230,207,1393]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 17. Characteristics of spermiogenesis of Neotrops waorani. A: The posterior portion of AV is already deeply sunken into the anterior pole of the nucleus in early spermatids, the subacrosomal space is widened. B: The AV is surrounded by distinct electron-dense material. C: The chromatin appears fibrillar and shows dense streaks. D: The proximal centriole is enlarged. E: The base of the axoneme is surrounded by electron-dense secretions that arrange in plates. F: The NC runs in the periphery of the nucleus appears stalked because of the irregular chromatin-condensation pattern. G: At the end of spermiogenesis, a distinct electron-dense vesicular area is formed, while the main cell components coil within the cell." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612325" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612325/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">fig. 17A</figureCitation>
|
||
), and is partially sunken into the anterior pole of the nucleus. The AF originates from the subacrosomal space (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A733002217A2FCBA1B463A77F7A" box="[406,505,1532,1555]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[150,188,1416,1435]" captionTargetBox="[128,1230,207,1393]" captionTargetId="figure-1@22.[128,1230,207,1393]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 17. Characteristics of spermiogenesis of Neotrops waorani. A: The posterior portion of AV is already deeply sunken into the anterior pole of the nucleus in early spermatids, the subacrosomal space is widened. B: The AV is surrounded by distinct electron-dense material. C: The chromatin appears fibrillar and shows dense streaks. D: The proximal centriole is enlarged. E: The base of the axoneme is surrounded by electron-dense secretions that arrange in plates. F: The NC runs in the periphery of the nucleus appears stalked because of the irregular chromatin-condensation pattern. G: At the end of spermiogenesis, a distinct electron-dense vesicular area is formed, while the main cell components coil within the cell." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612325" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612325/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">fig. 17A</figureCitation>
|
||
) and extends into the NC (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A733002217A2F1CA25263997F59" box="[321,455,1562,1584]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[150,188,1416,1435]" captionTargetBox="[128,1230,207,1393]" captionTargetId="figure-1@22.[128,1230,207,1393]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 17. Characteristics of spermiogenesis of Neotrops waorani. A: The posterior portion of AV is already deeply sunken into the anterior pole of the nucleus in early spermatids, the subacrosomal space is widened. B: The AV is surrounded by distinct electron-dense material. C: The chromatin appears fibrillar and shows dense streaks. D: The proximal centriole is enlarged. E: The base of the axoneme is surrounded by electron-dense secretions that arrange in plates. F: The NC runs in the periphery of the nucleus appears stalked because of the irregular chromatin-condensation pattern. G: At the end of spermiogenesis, a distinct electron-dense vesicular area is formed, while the main cell components coil within the cell." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612325" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612325/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">fig. 17B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
). The nucleus is surrounded by a manchette of microtubules. The chromatin appears fibrillar in mid spermatids, but condenses irregularly (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A733002217A2E38A2C762947FCC" box="[101,202,1679,1701]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[150,188,1416,1435]" captionTargetBox="[128,1230,207,1393]" captionTargetId="figure-1@22.[128,1230,207,1393]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 17. Characteristics of spermiogenesis of Neotrops waorani. A: The posterior portion of AV is already deeply sunken into the anterior pole of the nucleus in early spermatids, the subacrosomal space is widened. B: The AV is surrounded by distinct electron-dense material. C: The chromatin appears fibrillar and shows dense streaks. D: The proximal centriole is enlarged. E: The base of the axoneme is surrounded by electron-dense secretions that arrange in plates. F: The NC runs in the periphery of the nucleus appears stalked because of the irregular chromatin-condensation pattern. G: At the end of spermiogenesis, a distinct electron-dense vesicular area is formed, while the main cell components coil within the cell." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612325" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612325/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">fig. 17C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Late spermatids retain this condensation pattern (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A733002217A2F05A2E463FB7FAB" box="[344,421,1708,1730]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[150,188,1416,1435]" captionTargetBox="[128,1230,207,1393]" captionTargetId="figure-1@22.[128,1230,207,1393]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 17. Characteristics of spermiogenesis of Neotrops waorani. A: The posterior portion of AV is already deeply sunken into the anterior pole of the nucleus in early spermatids, the subacrosomal space is widened. B: The AV is surrounded by distinct electron-dense material. C: The chromatin appears fibrillar and shows dense streaks. D: The proximal centriole is enlarged. E: The base of the axoneme is surrounded by electron-dense secretions that arrange in plates. F: The NC runs in the periphery of the nucleus appears stalked because of the irregular chromatin-condensation pattern. G: At the end of spermiogenesis, a distinct electron-dense vesicular area is formed, while the main cell components coil within the cell." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612325" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612325/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
E–G). The implantation fossa contains a small amount of spherical secretions (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A733002217A2D9BA7A566737D6A" box="[966,1069,1005,1027]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[150,188,1416,1435]" captionTargetBox="[128,1230,207,1393]" captionTargetId="figure-1@22.[128,1230,207,1393]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 17. Characteristics of spermiogenesis of Neotrops waorani. A: The posterior portion of AV is already deeply sunken into the anterior pole of the nucleus in early spermatids, the subacrosomal space is widened. B: The AV is surrounded by distinct electron-dense material. C: The chromatin appears fibrillar and shows dense streaks. D: The proximal centriole is enlarged. E: The base of the axoneme is surrounded by electron-dense secretions that arrange in plates. F: The NC runs in the periphery of the nucleus appears stalked because of the irregular chromatin-condensation pattern. G: At the end of spermiogenesis, a distinct electron-dense vesicular area is formed, while the main cell components coil within the cell." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612325" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612325/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">fig. 17D</figureCitation>
|
||
), the two centrioles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A733002217A2D7AA04261E57D49" box="[807,955,1034,1056]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[150,188,1416,1435]" captionTargetBox="[128,1230,207,1393]" captionTargetId="figure-1@22.[128,1230,207,1393]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 17. Characteristics of spermiogenesis of Neotrops waorani. A: The posterior portion of AV is already deeply sunken into the anterior pole of the nucleus in early spermatids, the subacrosomal space is widened. B: The AV is surrounded by distinct electron-dense material. C: The chromatin appears fibrillar and shows dense streaks. D: The proximal centriole is enlarged. E: The base of the axoneme is surrounded by electron-dense secretions that arrange in plates. F: The NC runs in the periphery of the nucleus appears stalked because of the irregular chromatin-condensation pattern. G: At the end of spermiogenesis, a distinct electron-dense vesicular area is formed, while the main cell components coil within the cell." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612325" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612325/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">fig. 17C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
), and a collar of electron-dense plates that surround the base of the axoneme (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A733002217A2D2AA00D61857D32" box="[887,987,1093,1115]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[150,188,1416,1435]" captionTargetBox="[128,1230,207,1393]" captionTargetId="figure-1@22.[128,1230,207,1393]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 17. Characteristics of spermiogenesis of Neotrops waorani. A: The posterior portion of AV is already deeply sunken into the anterior pole of the nucleus in early spermatids, the subacrosomal space is widened. B: The AV is surrounded by distinct electron-dense material. C: The chromatin appears fibrillar and shows dense streaks. D: The proximal centriole is enlarged. E: The base of the axoneme is surrounded by electron-dense secretions that arrange in plates. F: The NC runs in the periphery of the nucleus appears stalked because of the irregular chromatin-condensation pattern. G: At the end of spermiogenesis, a distinct electron-dense vesicular area is formed, while the main cell components coil within the cell." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612325" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612325/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">fig. 17E</figureCitation>
|
||
). At the end of spermiogenesis main sperm cell components coil within the cell membrane and a loose vesicular area is formed, surrounding the latter (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A733002217A2CAEA0F261047DB9" box="[755,858,1210,1232]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[150,188,1416,1435]" captionTargetBox="[128,1230,207,1393]" captionTargetId="figure-1@22.[128,1230,207,1393]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 17. Characteristics of spermiogenesis of Neotrops waorani. A: The posterior portion of AV is already deeply sunken into the anterior pole of the nucleus in early spermatids, the subacrosomal space is widened. B: The AV is surrounded by distinct electron-dense material. C: The chromatin appears fibrillar and shows dense streaks. D: The proximal centriole is enlarged. E: The base of the axoneme is surrounded by electron-dense secretions that arrange in plates. F: The NC runs in the periphery of the nucleus appears stalked because of the irregular chromatin-condensation pattern. G: At the end of spermiogenesis, a distinct electron-dense vesicular area is formed, while the main cell components coil within the cell." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612325" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612325/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">fig. 17G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Finally, four spermatids that still remained connected to each other via cellular bridges fuse.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |