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<mods:title id="E0FC2415B2032DEAD8CF58FA838F1935">Eels of the genus Bathyuroconger in the northwestern Pacific, with descriptions of four new species (Anguilliformes: Congridae)</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="8BD336F4FFA9D21DFF44FAC2F17DFABB" blockId="1.[151,601,1333,1359]" box="[151,601,1333,1359]" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">
<heading id="D09B8198FFA9D21DFF44FAC2F17DFABB" bold="true" box="[151,601,1333,1359]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFA9D21DFF44FAC2F17DFABB" bold="true" box="[151,601,1333,1359]" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D77FFA9D21DFF3DFAC2F17DFABB" ID-CoL="38SH" ID-ENA="391201" authority="Fowler, 1934" authorityName="Fowler" authorityYear="1934" box="[238,601,1333,1359]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Congridae" genus="Bathyuroconger" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFA9D21DFF3DFAC2F297FABB" bold="true" box="[238,435,1333,1359]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">Bathyuroconger</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B05FFA9D21DFE69FAC2F17DFABB" box="[442,601,1333,1359]" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" refId="ref11774" refString="Fowler, H. W. (1934) Descriptions of new fishes obtained 1907 to 1910, chiefly in the Philippine Islands and adjacent seas. ProceedingS of the Academy of Natural ScienceS of Philadelphia, 85, 233 - 367." type="journal article">Fowler, 1934</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C376657FFFA9D21DFF44FA8BF79FF974" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BD336F4FFA9D21DFF44FA8BF284FA44" blockId="1.[151,1435,1404,1487]" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D77FFA9D21DFF44FA8BF21FFA66" ID-CoL="38SH" authorityName="Fowler" authorityYear="1934" box="[151,315,1404,1426]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Congridae" genus="Bathyuroconger" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFA9D21DFF44FA8BF21FFA66" box="[151,315,1404,1426]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">Bathyuroconger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(subgenus of
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D77FFA9D21DFE1FFA8AF11EFA66" ID-CoL="857H" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1856" box="[460,570,1405,1426]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Congridae" genus="Uroconger" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFA9D21DFE1FFA8AF11EFA66" box="[460,570,1405,1426]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">Uroconger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
<treatmentCitation id="0ACD10E5FFA9D21DFD99FA8BF1DAFA66" author="" box="[586,766,1404,1426]" page="273" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B05FFA9D21DFD99FA8BF1F7FA66" box="[586,723,1404,1426]" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" refId="ref11774" refString="Fowler, H. W. (1934) Descriptions of new fishes obtained 1907 to 1910, chiefly in the Philippine Islands and adjacent seas. ProceedingS of the Academy of Natural ScienceS of Philadelphia, 85, 233 - 367." type="journal article">Fowler, 1934</bibRefCitation>
:273
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(type species
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D77FFA9D21DFC42FA8AF653FA66" ID-CoL="7DTH9" authority="Weber &amp; de Beaufort, 1916" authorityName="Weber &amp; de Beaufort" authorityYear="1916" box="[913,1399,1404,1426]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Congridae" genus="Uroconger" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="braueri">
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFA9D21DFC42FA8AF776FA66" box="[913,1106,1404,1426]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">Uroconger braueri</emphasis>
Weber &amp; de
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B05FFA9D21DFB0FFA8BF653FA66" box="[1244,1399,1404,1426]" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" refId="ref12623" refString="Weber, M. &amp; de Beaufort, L. F. (1916) The fiSheS of the Indo-AuStralian Archipelago. III. OStariophySi: II. Cyprinoidea, ApodeS, Synbranchi, E. J. Brill, Leiden, 455 pp." type="book">Beaufort, 1916</bibRefCitation>
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, by original designation).
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD336F4FFA9D21DFF44FA4EF62EFA3B" blockId="1.[151,1435,1404,1487]" box="[151,1290,1465,1487]" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7C11DAFFA9D21DFF44FA4EF62EFA3B" box="[151,1290,1465,1487]" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D77FFA9D21DFF44FA4EF2E3FA3B" authority="Fowler, 1934: 274" authorityName="Fowler" authorityPageNumber="274" authorityYear="1934" box="[151,455,1465,1487]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Congridae" genus="Silvesterina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFA9D21DFF44FA4EF22BFA3B" box="[151,271,1465,1487]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">SilveSterina</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0ACD10E5FFA9D21DFEC7FA4EF2E3FA3B" author="" box="[276,455,1465,1487]" page="274" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B05FFA9D21DFEC7FA4EF2B8FA3B" box="[276,412,1465,1487]" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" refId="ref11774" refString="Fowler, H. W. (1934) Descriptions of new fishes obtained 1907 to 1910, chiefly in the Philippine Islands and adjacent seas. ProceedingS of the Academy of Natural ScienceS of Philadelphia, 85, 233 - 367." type="journal article">Fowler, 1934</bibRefCitation>
:274
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</taxonomicName>
(type species
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D77FFA9D21DFD8BFA4EF72FFA3B" ID-CoL="6Z27V" authorityName="Fowler" authorityYear="1934" box="[600,1035,1465,1487]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Congridae" genus="Silvesterina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parvibranchialis">
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFA9D21DFD8BFA4EF05AFA3B" box="[600,894,1465,1487]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">SilveSterina parvibranchialiS</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B05FFA9D21DFC57FA4EF72FFA3B" box="[900,1035,1465,1487]" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" refId="ref11774" refString="Fowler, H. W. (1934) Descriptions of new fishes obtained 1907 to 1910, chiefly in the Philippine Islands and adjacent seas. ProceedingS of the Academy of Natural ScienceS of Philadelphia, 85, 233 - 367." type="journal article">Fowler, 1934</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
by original designation).
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD336F4FFA9D21DFF44FA0BF79FF974" blockId="1.[151,1437,1532,2026]" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFA9D21DFF44FA0BF200F9E1" bold="true" box="[151,292,1532,1557]" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">Characters.</emphasis>
Body moderately elongate, preanal length 3342% TL, tail slender and attenuate; rather delicate in composition, remaining quite limp in preservative; skin thin, slimy, rather transparent and loosely attached. Dorsal fin beginning over or slightly behind base of pectoral fin. Gill opening variable, from semi-circular, moderate in size, with upper corner touching base of pectoral fin to a small pore widely separated from fin.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C376657FFFA9D21EFF14F97BF0EDFECC" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="149" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BD336F4FFA9D21DFF14F97BF2A5F8E4" blockId="1.[151,1437,1532,2026]" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">Head large and robust in comparison to body; mouth terminal, jaws nearly equal or upper jaw slightly projecting; fleshy part of snout not projecting beyond intermaxillary teeth; labial flange absent from both jaws. Anterior nostril in a short tube, near tip of snout, directed anterolaterally; posterior nostril small, round, in front of eye at mid-eye level.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD336F4FFA9D21DFF02F8D5F2A5F838" blockId="1.[151,1437,1532,2026]" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">
Lateral line complete. Head pores moderate to large in size, not greatly enlarged or slit-like (
<figureCitation id="13572A71FFA9D21DFB0EF8D5F63BF8CF" box="[1245,1311,1826,1851]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,789,811]" captionTargetBox="[377,1224,406,749]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[367,1224,399,764]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Demonstration of head pores of Bathyuroconger species. GO, gill opening; IO, infraorbital pores; LL, lateral-line pores; M, mandibular pores; POP, preopercular pores; SO, supraorbital pores; ST, supratemporal pore (indicated by arrow). From B. parvibranchialiS, ASIZP 63789." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1446586/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
); supraorbital with 3 pores (rarely 4), all at tip of snout; infraorbital with 5 pores, first pore (adnasal) above anterior nostril, three pores along upper jaw and 1 behind rictus; no pores behind or between eyes; mandibular with 7 pores (rarely 6 or 8), 6 pores along lower jaw and 1 behind rictus; preopercular with 3 pores; 1 single pore on supratemporal canal.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD336F4FFA9D21EFF14F826F7ABFF07" blockId="1.[151,1437,1532,2026]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,151,672]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="149" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">
Teeth strong, fang-like (
<figureCitation id="13572A71FFA9D21DFE01F826F133F81E" box="[466,535,2001,2026]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1772,1794]" captionTargetBox="[342,1230,936,1720]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[307,1271,929,1740]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Demonstration of tooth pattern of Bathyuroconger species. A. upper jaw, arrow indicates first SO pore on each side. B. lower jaw. From B. albuS sp. nov., NMMB-P11157, paratype." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1446588/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
). Intermaxillary teeth enlarged, in two transverse rows, separated from maxillary and vomerine teeth. Vomerine teeth few, usually 1 or 2 enlarged median teeth, with a few small teeth around and behind them; the vomerine tooth patch relatively short. Maxillary teeth in narrow bands, wider anteriorly, the outer teeth largest. Dentary teeth in two or three irregular rows, the anterior outer teeth enlarged.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD336F4FFAAD21EFF14FF0BF0EDFECC" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,672]" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">Color variable, from dark brown to light gray. Smaller specimens often with two or three rows of small melanophores along the body, presumably the remains of larval pigment.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C376657FFFAAD21EFF14FEB3F29DFD54" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BD336F4FFAAD21EFF14FEB3F29DFD54" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,672]" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFAAD21EFF14FEB3F21FFEA9" bold="true" box="[199,315,324,349]" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">Remarks.</emphasis>
Although it has been commonly compared and confused with
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D77FFAAD21EFBFCFEB2F78CFEA8" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1856" box="[1071,1192,325,348]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Congridae" genus="Uroconger" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFAAD21EFBFCFEB2F78CFEA8" box="[1071,1192,325,348]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">Uroconger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the relationships of
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D77FFAAD21EFF44FE9FF268FE74" authorityName="Fowler" authorityYear="1934" box="[151,332,360,384]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Congridae" genus="Bathyuroconger" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFAAD21EFF44FE9FF268FE74" box="[151,332,360,384]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">Bathyuroconger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
clearly lie with
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D77FFAAD21EFDCEFE9FF19DFE74" baseAuthorityName="Castle" baseAuthorityYear="1969" box="[541,697,360,384]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Congridae" genus="Bathycongrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFAAD21EFDCEFE9FF19DFE74" box="[541,697,360,384]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">Bathycongrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D77FFAAD21EFD1DFE9EF06CFE74" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1856" box="[718,840,361,384]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Congridae" genus="Uroconger" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFAAD21EFD1DFE9EF06CFE74" box="[718,840,361,384]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">Uroconger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is easily distinguished by its long single row of vomerine teeth, which extends nearly the entire length of the upper jaw.
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D77FFAAD21EFC34FE7BF7B8FE50" authorityName="Fowler" authorityYear="1934" box="[999,1180,396,420]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Congridae" genus="Bathyuroconger" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFAAD21EFC34FE7BF7B8FE50" box="[999,1180,396,420]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">Bathyuroconger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D77FFAAD21EFB0AFE7BF651FE50" baseAuthorityName="Castle" baseAuthorityYear="1969" box="[1241,1397,396,420]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Congridae" genus="Bathycongrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFAAD21EFB0AFE7BF651FE50" box="[1241,1397,396,420]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">Bathycongrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, in contrast, have a short vomerine tooth patch restricted to the anterior end of the mouth, commonly with one or a few enlarged teeth with smaller teeth around them. The remains of the larval pigmentation, commonly seen in small specimens, consists of three irregular longitudinal rows above, on, and below the mid-line, similar to the pattern seen in larvae of
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D77FFAAD21EFEB3FDEBF18DFDC1" authority="(Castle, 1969)" baseAuthorityName="Castle" baseAuthorityYear="1969" box="[352,681,540,565]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Congridae" genus="Bathycongrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFAAD21EFEB3FDEBF2D8FDC0" box="[352,508,540,564]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">Bathycongrus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B05FFAAD21EFDDEFDEBF185FDC1" box="[525,673,540,565]" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" refId="ref11683" refString="Castle, P. H. J. (1969) The eel genera Congrina and Coloconger off southern Mozambique and their larval forms. Special Publication J. L. B, Smith InStitute of Ichthyology RhodeS UniverSity, GrahamStown, 6, 1 - 10." type="journal article">Castle, 1969</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Larval
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D77FFAAD21EFCD9FDEAF0A0FDC0" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1856" box="[778,900,541,564]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Congridae" genus="Uroconger" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFAAD21EFCD9FDEAF0A0FDC0" box="[778,900,541,564]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">Uroconger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have a single midlateral row of melanophores (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B05FFAAD21EFF4DFDC8F23FFDAC" box="[158,283,575,600]" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" refId="ref12076" refString="Nair, R. V., (1946) On the leptocephalus of Uroconger lepturuS (Richardson) from the Madras plankton. Current Science, 15, 318 - 319." type="journal article">Nair, 1946</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B05FFAAD21EFEF4FDC8F11EFDAC" box="[295,570,575,600]" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" refId="ref12109" refString="Nair, R. V. &amp; Mohamed, K. H. (1960) Studies on the leptocephali of Bombay waters, 3: the metamorphosing stages of Uroconger lepturuS (Richardson). ProceedingS of the Indian Academy of ScienceS, 52 B (5), 182 - 190." type="journal article">Nair &amp; Mohamed, 1960</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B05FFAAD21EFD95FDC8F1C7FDAC" box="[582,739,575,600]" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" refId="ref12449" refString="Smith, D. G. (1989 b) Family Congridae: Leptocephali. In: Bohlke, E. B. (Ed.), Fishes of the Western North Atlantic. MemoirS of the SearS Foundation for Marine ReSearch, 1 (Part 9), pp. 723 - 763." type="journal article">Smith, 1989b</bibRefCitation>
:751).
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D77FFAAD21EFCFBFDB7F0F9FDAC" authorityName="Fowler" authorityYear="1934" box="[808,989,576,600]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Congridae" genus="Bathyuroconger" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFAAD21EFCFBFDB7F0F9FDAC" box="[808,989,576,600]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">Bathyuroconger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D77FFAAD21EFBA0FDB7F62BFDAC" baseAuthorityName="Castle" baseAuthorityYear="1969" box="[1139,1295,576,600]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Congridae" genus="Bathycongrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFAAD21EFBA0FDB7F62BFDAC" box="[1139,1295,576,600]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">Bathycongrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
primarily in the relatively large and deep head, larger teeth, the equal length of the upper and lower jaws, and the more delicate and easily damaged body.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>