299 lines
39 KiB
XML
299 lines
39 KiB
XML
<document id="B055F0E33855BC6F5507D34F9628E945" ID-CLB-Dataset="29039" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4459.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9acf71bc-6414-4878-8af0-a64d3ec1fea6" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1458302" ID-ZooBank="633A9498-FCC6-4439-BE33-A45B9E51B550" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1539287574730" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Grandinete, Yuri Campanholo, Noll, Fernando Barbosa & Carpenter, James" docDate="2018" docId="03C5878FFFF4F308FF3095CBD221F8F7" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4459.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4459 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Eumenes bequaerti Grandinete & Noll & Carpenter 2018" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="9" masterDocId="FFFCFFF7FFF3F300FFA79155D339FFDF" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic Review of Eumenes Latreille, 1802 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae) from the New World" masterLastPageNumber="52" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="8" updateTime="1698577660185" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="52B77C027A4A61F147387C281A68F21B" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="E4F64EF23A61357CBC874A3D3399DDAC">
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<mods:title id="6D5E3683B4DCA744F4DEACDE82CA5B73">Taxonomic Review of Eumenes Latreille, 1802 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae) from the New World</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="0FD1710BBA1B08A9276425FD8DDF7423" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="EF5724AC8EB3267ED222296D9B26E63D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="9CB4B8C4B493327B94E68D7516CD9697">Grandinete, Yuri Campanholo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="DD696BDFC400D062D6F420218C46F7FA">Noll, Fernando Barbosa</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C757CB2C3F935CFFAABAFEA0A1280D7D">Carpenter, James</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="5220581BDD921E487DEC08CE12491D5E">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="C364C7B536927F6F297D6D795E36D4B3">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="5F69475DAE2D51931127FCCC696411DE">
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<mods:date id="569E3E193BEBB81A3A06FDD7EA31F2DF">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="1F6C7ED9BA10E656BE9D9AC01B980C7C">2018-08-14</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="3EEAF2E8FDEA979141A6E34DFC248561" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="C6B7CD01A853651BDA6C54D997AB11A7">4459</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="77546DD8EE43531432458B9084DE961E" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4459.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03C5878FFFF4F308FF3095CBD221F8F7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5986366" ID-GBIF-Taxon="148692481" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5986366" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C5878FFFF4F308FF3095CBD221F8F7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C5878FFFF4F308FF3095CBD221F8F7" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<subSubSection id="C3766512FFF4F307FF3095CBD04AFB67" box="[151,883,1182,1208]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph id="8BD33699FFF4F307FF3095CBD04AFB67" blockId="7.[151,883,1182,1208]" box="[151,883,1182,1208]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<heading id="D09B81F5FFF4F307FF3095CBD04AFB67" bold="true" box="[151,883,1182,1208]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFF4F307FF3095CBD04AFB67" bold="true" box="[151,883,1182,1208]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D1AFFF4F307FF3095CBD186FB67" ID-CoL="3CDDZ" authority="Grandinete & Carpenter" authorityName="Grandinete & Noll & Carpenter" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,703,1182,1208]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bequaerti">
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<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFF4F307FF3095CBD2B9FB67" bold="true" box="[151,384,1182,1208]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Eumenes bequaerti</emphasis>
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Grandinete & Carpenter
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</taxonomicName>
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, NEW NAME
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3766512FFF4F307FF3095B3D610FB24" box="[151,1321,1253,1275]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BD33699FFF4F307FF3095B3D610FB24" blockId="7.[151,1321,1253,1490]" box="[151,1321,1253,1275]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D1AFFF4F307FF3095B3D2E0FB24" ID-CoL="6H8PT" authority="Isely, 1917" authorityName="Isely" authorityYear="1917" box="[151,473,1253,1275]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunneus">
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<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFF4F307FF3095B3D2E0FB24" bold="true" box="[151,473,1253,1275]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFF4F307FF3095B3D25BFB24" bold="true" box="[151,354,1253,1275]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Eumenes brunneus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B68FFF4F307FECF95B0D2E0FB24" box="[360,473,1253,1275]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref43377" refString="Isely, D. (1917) A synopsis of the petiolate wasps of the family Eumenidae (Hymenoptera), found in America North of Mexico. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 10 (4), 345 - 366. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 10.4.345" type="journal article">Isely, 1917</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, 10: 346 (key), 348 [junior primary homonym of
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D1AFFF4F307FC7695B3D627FB24" authority="Spinola, 1851" authorityName="Spinola" authorityYear="1851" box="[977,1310,1253,1275]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunnea">
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<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFF4F307FC7695B3D7BEFB24" box="[977,1159,1253,1275]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Eumenes brunnea</emphasis>
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Spinola, 1851
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</taxonomicName>
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].
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3766512FFF4F307FF609451D28DFA6C" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BD33699FFF4F307FF609451D00CFAC5" blockId="7.[151,1321,1253,1490]" box="[199,821,1284,1306]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFF4F307FF609451D203FAC5" bold="true" box="[199,314,1284,1306]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Type data:</emphasis>
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Holotype male at USNM (n° 21337)
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<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFF4F307FD119451D016FAC5" bold="true" box="[694,815,1284,1306]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">(examined)</emphasis>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD33699FFF4F307FF609477D11CFAE7" blockId="7.[151,1321,1253,1490]" box="[199,549,1314,1336]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<materialsCitation id="3B043CC4FFF4F307FF609477D11CFAE7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1917355211" box="[199,549,1314,1336]" country="United States of America" location="Colorado" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Colorado" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFF4F307FF609477D263FAE7" bold="true" box="[199,346,1314,1336]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<typeStatus id="54D7883BFFF4F307FF609477D3C5FAE7" box="[199,252,1314,1336]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Type</typeStatus>
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locality:
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</emphasis>
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“
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<collectingRegion id="49A8F87BFFF4F307FECE9477D2F3FAE7" box="[361,458,1314,1336]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Colorado</collectingRegion>
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” (
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<collectingCountry id="F37B7609FFF4F307FE459477D123FAE7" box="[482,538,1314,1336]" name="United States of America" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">USA</collectingCountry>
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).
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD33699FFF4F307FF609417D156FA88" blockId="7.[151,1321,1253,1490]" box="[199,623,1345,1367]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B68FFF4F307FF609417D25DFA88" box="[199,356,1345,1367]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref42258" refString="Bequaert, J. (1938) The three Eumenes of Canada and the Northeastern United States; with notes on other North American species (Hymenoptera; Vespidae). Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society, 33 (2), 59 - 70." type="journal article">Bequaert, 1938</bibRefCitation>
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, 33: 65, 68 (note on
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<typeStatus id="54D7883BFFF4F307FD939417D15DFA88" box="[564,612,1346,1367]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">type</typeStatus>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD33699FFF4F307FF609435D2BCFAA9" blockId="7.[151,1321,1253,1490]" box="[199,389,1376,1398]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Bohart, 1951: 885.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD33699FFF4F307FF60942BD16CFA4B" blockId="7.[151,1321,1253,1490]" box="[199,597,1406,1428]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Bohart and Menke, 1974, 47: 459, 461.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD33699FFF4F307FF6094C8D28DFA6C" blockId="7.[151,1321,1253,1490]" box="[199,436,1437,1459]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Krombein, 1979: 1508.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3766512FFF4F307FF6094E9D2F4FA0D" box="[199,461,1468,1490]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8BD33699FFF4F307FF6094E9D2F4FA0D" blockId="7.[151,1321,1253,1490]" box="[199,461,1468,1490]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFF4F307FF6094E9D26AFA0D" bold="true" box="[199,339,1468,1490]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Distribution:</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="F37B7609FFF4F307FEFE94E9D2B5FA0D" box="[345,396,1468,1490]" name="United States of America" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">USA</collectingCountry>
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(CO).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3766512FFF4F307FF3094ABD667F834" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BD33699FFF4F307FF3094ABD0EDF8A1" blockId="7.[151,1437,1534,2027]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFF4F307FF3094ABD2F2F9C8" bold="true" box="[151,459,1534,1559]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Comments and diagnosis:</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D1AFFF4F307FE7594AAD012F9C8" authority="Isely, 1917" authorityName="Isely" authorityYear="1917" box="[466,811,1534,1559]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunneus">
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<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFF4F307FE7594AAD19CF9C9" box="[466,677,1534,1558]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Eumenes brunneus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B68FFF4F307FD0A94ABD012F9C8" box="[685,811,1534,1559]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref43377" refString="Isely, D. (1917) A synopsis of the petiolate wasps of the family Eumenidae (Hymenoptera), found in America North of Mexico. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 10 (4), 345 - 366. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 10.4.345" type="journal article">Isely, 1917</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, was considered as a synonym of
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D1AFFF4F307FB0194AAD644F9C9" authorityName="Cresson" authorityYear="1872" box="[1190,1405,1534,1558]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="smithii" subSpecies="belfragei">
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<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFF4F307FB0194AAD644F9C9" box="[1190,1405,1534,1558]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">E. smithii belfragei</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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or
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D1AFFF4F307FF309776D2A8F9E5" authorityName="de Saussure" authorityYear="1852" box="[151,401,1571,1595]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="smithii" subSpecies="americanus">
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<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFF4F307FF309776D2A8F9E5" box="[151,401,1571,1595]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">E. smithii americanus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, which currently are treated as different species (
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D1AFFF4F307FC689776D705F9E4" authorityName="de Saussure" authorityYear="1852" box="[975,1084,1571,1595]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smithii">
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<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFF4F307FC689776D705F9E4" box="[975,1084,1571,1595]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">E. smithii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D1AFFF4F307FBDF9776D624F9E5" authorityName="de Saussure" authorityYear="1852" box="[1144,1309,1571,1594]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="americanus">
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<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFF4F307FBDF9776D624F9E5" box="[1144,1309,1571,1594]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">E. americanus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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).
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D1AFFF4F307FA909776D23AF981" authorityName="Grandinete & Noll & Carpenter" authorityYear="2018" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bequaerti">
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<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFF4F307FA909776D23AF981" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Eumenes bequaerti</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is known only from the
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<typeStatus id="54D7883BFFF4F307FDB29712D17CF980" box="[533,581,1607,1631]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">type</typeStatus>
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specimen and the morphology of the male genitalia is clearly different from both
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D1AFFF4F307FF68973ED203F95C" authorityName="de Saussure" authorityYear="1852" box="[207,314,1643,1667]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smithii">
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<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFF4F307FF68973ED203F95C" box="[207,314,1643,1667]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">E. smithii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D1AFFF4F307FED7973ED12BF95D" authorityName="de Saussure" authorityYear="1852" box="[368,530,1643,1666]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="americanus">
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<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFF4F307FED7973ED12BF95D" box="[368,530,1643,1666]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">E. americanus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Although the aedeagus has dorsal projections as in both species, they are distant from each other (while close in
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D1AFFF4F307FDA397DAD148F979" authorityName="de Saussure" authorityYear="1852" box="[516,625,1678,1702]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smithii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFF4F307FDA397DAD148F979" box="[516,625,1678,1702]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">E. smithii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D1AFFF4F307FD0D97DAD077F979" authorityName="de Saussure" authorityYear="1852" box="[682,846,1679,1702]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="americanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFF4F307FD0D97DAD077F979" box="[682,846,1679,1702]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">E. americanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13572A1CFFF4F307FCC097DBD0FDF978" box="[871,964,1678,1703]" captionStart="FIGURES 93–101" captionStartId="49.[151,264,1500,1522]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1478]" captionTargetId="figure@49.[151,1436,193,1478]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURES 93–101. Male genitalia: a, b) aedeagus (lateral and ventral view, respectively); c) paramere, internal view. 93) Eumenes americanus; 94) E. bequaerti; 95) E. bollii; 96) E. consobrinus; 97) E. coyotae; 98) E. crucifera; 99) E. cubensis; 100) E. flavitinctus; 101) E. fraternus. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1458320/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig 94b</figureCitation>
|
||
), as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D1AFFF4F307FBB097DAD7A1F979" authorityName="Cresson" authorityYear="1865" box="[1047,1176,1678,1702]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cubensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFF4F307FBB097DAD7A1F979" box="[1047,1176,1678,1702]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">E. cubensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D1AFFF4F307FB7597DAD60CF979" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1857" box="[1234,1333,1679,1702]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pictus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFF4F307FB7597DAD60CF979" box="[1234,1333,1679,1702]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">E. pictus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Besides that, the apical projection is rounded, while in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D1AFFF4F307FD6597E6D051F915" authorityName="de Saussure" authorityYear="1852" box="[706,872,1715,1738]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="americanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFF4F307FD6597E6D051F915" box="[706,872,1715,1738]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">E. americanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D1AFFF4F307FC0097E6D72EF914" authorityName="de Saussure" authorityYear="1852" box="[935,1047,1715,1739]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smithii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFF4F307FC0097E6D72EF914" box="[935,1047,1715,1739]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">E. smithii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
it is strongly concave or weakly concave or truncate, respectively. The paramere is clearly different as well (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13572A1CFFF4F307FBA19783D75AF930" box="[1030,1123,1750,1775]" captionStart="FIGURES 93–101" captionStartId="49.[151,264,1500,1522]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1478]" captionTargetId="figure@49.[151,1436,193,1478]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURES 93–101. Male genitalia: a, b) aedeagus (lateral and ventral view, respectively); c) paramere, internal view. 93) Eumenes americanus; 94) E. bequaerti; 95) E. bollii; 96) E. consobrinus; 97) E. coyotae; 98) E. crucifera; 99) E. cubensis; 100) E. flavitinctus; 101) E. fraternus. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1458320/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig 94c</figureCitation>
|
||
), with the distal lobe more developed, with a rounded protuberance on apex covered with microscopic bristles. Besides that, males from these species may be separated by the following features:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D1AFFF4F307FD5B964AD0B3F8E9" authorityName="Grandinete & Noll & Carpenter" authorityYear="2018" box="[764,906,1822,1846]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bequaerti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFF4F307FD5B964AD0B3F8E9" box="[764,906,1822,1846]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">E. bequaerti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has the posterior face of the propodeum less concave and punctation of T1 and T2 weak (mostly on T2), while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D1AFFF4F307FC239616D71EF885" authorityName="de Saussure" authorityYear="1852" box="[900,1063,1859,1882]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="americanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFF4F307FC239616D71EF885" box="[900,1063,1859,1882]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">E. americanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D1AFFF4F307FBF99616D7F3F884" authorityName="de Saussure" authorityYear="1852" box="[1118,1226,1859,1883]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smithii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFF4F307FBF99616D7F3F884" box="[1118,1226,1859,1883]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">E. smithii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have the posterior face of propodeum strongly concave and punctation of T1 and T2 coarser.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD33699FFF4F307FF6096DFD667F834" blockId="7.[151,1437,1534,2027]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
This pattern of the external morphology and genitalia may resemble
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D1AFFF4F307FC6796DED707F87C" authorityName="Cresson" authorityYear="1865" box="[960,1086,1931,1955]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cubensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFF4F307FC6796DED707F87C" box="[960,1086,1931,1955]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">E. cubensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but these taxa can be separated by the following features: clypeus with coarser and more evident punctures; F11 longer and less broad laterally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13572A1CFFF4F307FF399687D3D5F834" box="[158,236,2002,2027]" captionStart="FIGURES 77–92" captionStartId="48.[151,264,1946,1968]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1925]" captionTargetId="figure@48.[151,1436,193,1925]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURES 77–92. First tergum, dorsal view. 77) Eumenes americanus; 78) E. bequaerti; 79) E. bollii; 80) E. consobrinus; 81) E. coyotae; 82) E. crucifera; 83) E. cubensis; 84) E. flavitinctus; 85) E. fraternus; 86) E. pictus; 87) E. sculleni; 88) E. smithii; 89) E. verticalis; 90) E. filiformis; 91) E. rufomaculactus; 92) E. versicolor. Scale bar = 1mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1458318/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig 78</figureCitation>
|
||
); ventral margin of aedeagus less projecting (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13572A1CFFF4F307FD4E9687D07BF834" box="[745,834,2002,2027]" captionStart="FIGURES 93–101" captionStartId="49.[151,264,1500,1522]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1478]" captionTargetId="figure@49.[151,1436,193,1478]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURES 93–101. Male genitalia: a, b) aedeagus (lateral and ventral view, respectively); c) paramere, internal view. 93) Eumenes americanus; 94) E. bequaerti; 95) E. bollii; 96) E. consobrinus; 97) E. coyotae; 98) E. crucifera; 99) E. cubensis; 100) E. flavitinctus; 101) E. fraternus. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1458320/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig 94a</figureCitation>
|
||
); volsella with bristles longer and more evident.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3766512FFFBF308FF6091C2D29DF947" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD33699FFFBF308FF6091C2D074FD77" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1832]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFFBF308FF6091C2D12BFF6F" bold="true" box="[199,530,151,176]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
Male (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13572A1CFFFBF308FEB091C2D25BFF6F" box="[279,354,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–12" captionStartId="41.[151,264,1386,1408]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1341]" captionTargetId="figure@41.[151,1436,193,1341]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURES 1–12. Eumenes species, lateral view. 1) Eumenes americanus de Saussure (female); 2) E. belfragei aureus Isely, 1917 (Holotype, female); 3) E. bollii Cresson, 1872 (Lectotype, female); 4) E. bollii oregonensis Bequaert, 1938 (Holotype, female); 5); E. bequaerti Isely, 1917 (Holotype, male); 6) E. iturbide (= E. consobrinus; Holotype, female); 7) E. coyotae Bohart, 1948 (Holotype, male); 8) E. crucifera Provancher, 1888 (Holotype, female). 9) E. bolliformis Viereck, 1908 (Lectotype, female); 10) E. crucifera var. nearcticus Bequaert, 1944 (female); 11) E. crucifera stricklandi Bequaert, 1944 (Holotype, female); 12) E. cruciferoides Giordani Soika, 1978 (Holotype, female). Scale bar = 1mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1458304/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). Color, head:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Predominantly yellow, except for the following regions. Black marks: frons, vertex, surrounding the ocelli, and occipital region. Scape yellow with brownish marks; pedicel brownish; F1 and F2 brownish; F3–F8 with blackish marks and F9–F10 predominantly yellow.
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFFBF308FB86918AD790FF27" bold="true" box="[1057,1193,223,248]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Mesosoma:</emphasis>
|
||
Pronotum brownish, except for a broad stripe along the anterior region; mesoscutum with black marks on anterior and posterior regions, while the center region has a broad brownish mark with a small yellow spot on each side of it; tegula yellow with a brownish spot on center region; parategula yellow; scutellum half yellow (anterior) half brownish (posterior); metanotum yellow; posterior face of propodeum brownish with small yellow spot on each side of the upper half (adjacent to the metanotum) and broad yellow marks on each side of the basal half; posterior half of the lateral surface of propodeum brownish and anterior half black; mesepisternum black with broad yellow mark on center region and a brownish mark adjacent to it. Coxae black; distal region of trochanters with yellow marks; femora black with wide yellow marks; tibiae and tarsi yellow.
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFFBF308FD5E90AAD047FDC7" bold="true" box="[761,894,511,536]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Metasoma:</emphasis>
|
||
T1 black with a broad yellow stripe on apex; S1 yellow; T2 predominantly brownish, with the basal region black, small yellow spots on each lateral surface and a broad yellow stripe on apex; S2 brownish with a black mark on center region and a broad yellow stripe on apex; T3–T7 and S3–S7 brownish with yellow stripe on the apex of each segment.
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFFBF308FBA89339D75DFD5A" bold="true" box="[1039,1124,620,645]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Wings:</emphasis>
|
||
Hyaline, with pterostigma, costal, medial and submedial cells yellowish. Veins brownish.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD33699FFFBF308FF6093E1D2DEFC83" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1832]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFFBF308FF6093E1D29AFD12" bold="true" box="[199,419,692,717]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Pubescence, head:</emphasis>
|
||
Clypeus and gena with short and whitish pubescence. Frons and vertex with longer and golden pubescence. Scape with very short golden pubescence.
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFFBF308FCD89382D73FFD2F" bold="true" box="[895,1030,727,752]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Mesosoma:</emphasis>
|
||
Covered with golden pubescence, although on lateral surface and posterior surface of propodeum it appears whitish in oblique view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFFBF308FAB193A9D6A5FCCA" bold="true" box="[1302,1436,764,789]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Metasoma:</emphasis>
|
||
Covered with short (shorter than on frons and mesosoma) and golden pubescence, except for long and erect bristles on apex of T2–T7 and S2–S7.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD33699FFFBF308FF609232D647FB88" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1832]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFFBF308FF609232D169FC5F" bold="true" box="[199,592,871,896]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Surface of the integument, head:</emphasis>
|
||
Coarse and sparse punctation on clypeus. Coarse and denser punctures on frons and vertex. Gena covered with superficial punctures.
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFFBF308FC9F92D9D086FC7A" bold="true" box="[824,959,908,933]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Mesosoma:</emphasis>
|
||
covered with coarse punctation, dense on lateral surface and denser on dorsal surface and posterior face of propodeum, forming carinae between the punctures.
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFFBF308FEB39281D2A0FC32" bold="true" box="[276,409,980,1005]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Metasoma:</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal surface of T1 with coarse and dense punctation on apical half and basal half with scattered punctures; lateral half with some punctures on apex and ventral surface without punctation; dorsal surface of T2 with weak punctures, denser apex; lateral surface of T2 with superficial and sparse punctures; S2 with weak and sparse punctures, mostly on lateral margins; T3–T7 with weak punctures; S3–S7 without evident punctures.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD33699FFFBF308FF609531D637FA43" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1832]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFFBF308FF609531D2B5FBA2" bold="true" box="[199,396,1124,1149]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Structure, head:</emphasis>
|
||
Clypeus convex, longer than wide; apex of clypeus strongly concave, forming two apical projections with carinae on each projection; inter-antennal region longitudinally cariniform, narrower than the antennal socket; lateral ocelli closer to the compound eyes than to each other; occipital carina complete, weakly angled on middle region of gena; F11 short and broad at the base, with the apex pointed and reaching the apical edge of F8 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13572A1CFFFBF308FE8195A1D24EFAD3" box="[294,375,1268,1293]" captionStart="FIGURES 77–92" captionStartId="48.[151,264,1946,1968]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1925]" captionTargetId="figure@48.[151,1436,193,1925]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURES 77–92. First tergum, dorsal view. 77) Eumenes americanus; 78) E. bequaerti; 79) E. bollii; 80) E. consobrinus; 81) E. coyotae; 82) E. crucifera; 83) E. cubensis; 84) E. flavitinctus; 85) E. fraternus; 86) E. pictus; 87) E. sculleni; 88) E. smithii; 89) E. verticalis; 90) E. filiformis; 91) E. rufomaculactus; 92) E. versicolor. Scale bar = 1mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1458318/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig 78</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFFBF308FE2A95A1D12DFAD2" bold="true" box="[397,532,1268,1293]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Mesosoma:</emphasis>
|
||
Pronotal fovea present; pronotal carina complete, less developed dorsally and more developed laterally; posterior projection of tegula weakly developed, rounded; parategula flattened laterally, rounded on apex; posterior face of propodeum weakly concave.
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFFBF308FCCC9469D0C9FA8A" bold="true" box="[875,1008,1340,1365]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Metasoma:</emphasis>
|
||
T1 long and slender, about 3 times as long as wide (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13572A1CFFFBF308FE9B940AD2AAFAA7" box="[316,403,1375,1400]" captionStart="FIGURES 27–42" captionStartId="43.[151,264,1902,1924]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1881]" captionTargetId="figure@43.[151,1436,193,1881]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURES 27–42. First tergum, dorsal view. 27) Eumenes americanus; 28) E. bequaerti; 29) E. bollii; 30) E. consobrinus; 31) E. coyotae; 32) E. crucifera; 33) E. cubensis; 34) E. flavitinctus; 35) E. fraternus; 36) E. pictus; 37) E. sculleni; 38) E. smithii; 39) E. verticalis; 40) E. filiformis; 41) E. rufomaculactus; 42) E. versicolor. Scale bar = 1mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1458308/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
|
||
), with apical margins subparallel; T2 longer than wide, with an apical lamella, becoming reduced towards lateral margins; basal angle of T2, in lateral view, rising up abruptly; S7 flat on apex.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD33699FFFBF308FF6094F2D74EF9AA" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1832]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFFBF308FF6094F2D244FA1F" bold="true" box="[199,381,1447,1472]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Male genitalia:</emphasis>
|
||
Aedeagus as in figure 94a, b. Dorsal projections of aedeagus distant from each other (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13572A1CFFFBF308FAC894F2D3FDFA3A" captionStart="FIGURES 93–101" captionStartId="49.[151,264,1500,1522]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1478]" captionTargetId="figure@49.[151,1436,193,1478]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURES 93–101. Male genitalia: a, b) aedeagus (lateral and ventral view, respectively); c) paramere, internal view. 93) Eumenes americanus; 94) E. bequaerti; 95) E. bollii; 96) E. consobrinus; 97) E. coyotae; 98) E. crucifera; 99) E. cubensis; 100) E. flavitinctus; 101) E. fraternus. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1458320/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 94b</figureCitation>
|
||
), as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D1AFFFBF308FEB29498D2ACFA3B" authorityName="Cresson" authorityYear="1865" box="[277,405,1484,1508]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cubensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFFBF308FEB29498D2ACFA3B" box="[277,405,1484,1508]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">E. cubensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D1AFFFBF308FE6A9498D109FA3B" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1857" box="[461,560,1485,1508]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pictus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFFBF308FE6A9498D109FA3B" box="[461,560,1485,1508]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">E. pictus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, while the apical projection is rounded as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D1AFFFBF308FB8B9498D795FA3B" authorityName="Cresson" authorityYear="1865" box="[1068,1196,1484,1508]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cubensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFFBF308FB8B9498D795FA3B" box="[1068,1196,1484,1508]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">E. cubensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Paramere (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13572A1CFFFBF308FA929499D6ADFA3B" box="[1333,1428,1484,1509]" captionStart="FIGURES 93–101" captionStartId="49.[151,264,1500,1522]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1478]" captionTargetId="figure@49.[151,1436,193,1478]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURES 93–101. Male genitalia: a, b) aedeagus (lateral and ventral view, respectively); c) paramere, internal view. 93) Eumenes americanus; 94) E. bequaerti; 95) E. bollii; 96) E. consobrinus; 97) E. coyotae; 98) E. crucifera; 99) E. cubensis; 100) E. flavitinctus; 101) E. fraternus. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1458320/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 94c</figureCitation>
|
||
) with long bristles on middle region of gonostyle; digitus broad at the base, becoming narrow towards apex with short bristles; cuspis with dense and long bristles along the edge; volsella covered with short bristles; distal lobe strongly projecting, reaching the middle region of gonostyle; apex of distal lobe with a rounded protuberance covered with microscopic bristles and some long bristles (as on cuspis) on the edge of it.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD33699FFFBF308FF60972AD29DF947" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1832]" box="[199,420,1663,1688]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFFBF308FF60972AD21EF947" bold="true" box="[199,295,1663,1688]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Female:</emphasis>
|
||
Unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3766512FFFBF308FF6097F1D221F8F7" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD33699FFFBF308FF6097F1D221F8F7" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1832]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFFBF308FF6097F1D240F962" bold="true" box="[199,377,1700,1725]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Type material:</emphasis>
|
||
The holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D1AFFFBF308FDE797F0D02FF963" authorityName="Isely" authorityYear="1917" box="[576,790,1700,1724]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunneus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFFBF308FDE797F0D02FF963" box="[576,790,1700,1724]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Eumenes brunneus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is in good condition, except for the right antenna which has only the scape, pedicel and F1: ‘Colorado’ ‘10’ ‘37’ ‘[Red Label] Type \ No. 21377 \ U.S.N.M.’ ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D1AFFFBF308FA81979CD6B2F93F" box="[1318,1419,1737,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFFBF308FA81979CD6B2F93F" box="[1318,1419,1737,1760]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Eumenes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
\
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D1AFFFBF308FF3097B9D3C5F8DB" authorityName="Cresson" authorityYear="1872" box="[151,252,1772,1796]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="belfragei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFFBF308FF3097B9D3C5F8DB" box="[151,252,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">belfragei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
\ Isely’ ‘DO NOT REMOVE \ SI DB reference \ Not a property tag \ T. Schulz, NMHN \\ USNM ENT \ 00537176’.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |