treatments-xml/data/03/92/87/039287D5FFE2972A5E121B86FB226D72.xml

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<mods:title id="CF15248CFE6D706FFAE6724486242E1D">Monograph of the western Indian Ocean genus Paracephaelis (Rubiaceae - Pavetteae), with description of thirteen new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8EEB90B7405DDB62B1A838E1A065481B">Block, Petra De</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="B28FD11F98BB016486D3DB5D68C49D5B">Meise Botanic Garden, Nieuwelaan 38, BE- 1860 Meise, Belgium.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="9682B54EAB01F9ECC5F281A6216D77E8">2022</mods:date>
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<treatment id="039287D5FFE2972A5E121B86FB226D72" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6478005" ID-GBIF-Taxon="196732158" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6478005" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039287D5FFE2972A5E121B86FB226D72" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039287D5FFE2972A5E121B86FB226D72" lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<subSubSection id="C3216548FFE297265E121B86FBA66EF3" box="[528,1060,1665,1692]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8436C3FFE297265E121B86FBA66EF3" blockId="37.[528,1060,1665,1764]" box="[528,1060,1665,1692]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<heading id="D0CC81AFFFE297265E121B86FBA66EF3" box="[528,1060,1665,1692]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D40FFE297265E121B86FC406EF4" authority="De Block" authorityName="De Block" authorityYear="2022" box="[528,962,1665,1692]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Paracephaelis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="comorensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFE297265E121B86FCC96EF4" bold="true" box="[528,843,1665,1692]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Paracephaelis comorensis</emphasis>
De Block
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27C57AAFFE297265FCB1B85FBA66EF3" box="[969,1060,1666,1692]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3216548FFE297265E451BA1FCE76E8B" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8436C3FFE297265E451BA1FC6F6EAF" blockId="37.[528,1060,1665,1764]" box="[583,1005,1702,1728]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77260707-1</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8436C3FFE297265ECD1BCDFCE76E8B" blockId="37.[528,1060,1665,1764]" box="[719,869,1738,1764]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<figureCitation id="13002A46FFE297265ECD1BCDFCCB6E8B" box="[719,841,1738,1764]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[189,232,1470,1496]" captionTargetBox="[207,1371,275,1430]" captionTargetId="figure-11@11.[189,1398,265,1433]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 2. Overview of the placentation in Paracephaelis Baill. A–K. Abaxial views of placenta and ovules. A’. Adaxial view of placenta and ovules with zone of attachment of the placenta indicated. A–C. Typical placentation type of Paracephaelis, with many ovules arranged at the periphery of the placenta.D–E. Idem, with fewer ovules. F–H. Idem, but ovules restricted to the top of the placenta. I. Typical placentation type in P. cinerea (A.Rich. ex DC.) De Block, P. comorensis De Block sp. nov. and P. trichantha (Baker) De Block. J–K. Idem, with fewer ovules. Drawn by Mr A. Fernandez. From Perrier de la Bâthie 13452 (P. tiliacea Baill., A, A’); Pervillé 633 (P. tiliacea Baill., B); Capuron 23451-SF (P. longipedicellata De Block sp. nov., C); McPherson et al. 14875A (P. saxatilis (Scott Elliot) De Block, D); Gautier et al. 4188 (P. gautieri De Block sp. nov., E); De Block et al. 1280 (P. bardotiae De Block sp. nov., F); De Block et al. 1048 (P. russata De Block sp. nov., G–H); Capuron 23073-SF (P. cinerea (A.Rich. ex DC.) De Block, I); Barthelat et al. 732 (P. comorensis De Block sp. nov., J); and Labat &amp; Pascal 2887 (P. comorensis De Block sp. nov., K)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6358820" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6358820/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Figs 2J–K</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13002A46FFE297265F541BCDFCE76E8B" box="[854,869,1738,1764]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="39.[189,233,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[219,1364,278,1847]" captionTargetId="figure-12@39.[202,1386,265,1853]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="Fig. 9. Paracephaelis comorensis De Block sp. nov. A. Flowering branch. B. Leaf. C. Domatia and pubescence on midrib. D. Stipule. E. Bracteole, ovary and calyx. F. Corolla, stamens, style and stigma. G. Fruit. H. Pyrene, adaxial view. Drawn by MrA. Fernandez. From Labat &amp; Pascal 2287 (A), Mouly 580 (B–D), Mouly 616 (E–F) and Pignal &amp; Pibot 1166 (G–H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6358834" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6358834/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">9</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3216548FFE297265CBF1A0BFE3A6F86" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B8436C3FFE297265CBF1A0BFEB46F49" blockId="37.[189,310,1804,1830]" box="[189,310,1804,1830]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<heading id="D0CC81AFFFE297265CBF1A0BFEB46F49" bold="true" box="[189,310,1804,1830]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFE297265CBF1A0BFEB46F49" bold="true" box="[189,310,1804,1830]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8436C3FFE297265CBF1A3BFE3A6F86" blockId="37.[187,1399,1852,2025]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
Differing from 
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D40FFE297265D691A3BFD106F39" box="[363,658,1852,1878]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Paracephaelis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="trichantha">
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFE297265D691A3BFD106F39" box="[363,658,1852,1878]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Paracephaelis trichantha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having thinner (papyraceous or subcoriaceous vs coriaceous) and larger leaves (6–23 × (2.5–) 
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vs 2.5–13 × 
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), acuminate leaf tips (vs rounded, obtuse or retuse and mucronate), longer stipular awns (
<quantity id="4CC39B26FFE297265EC31A81FCA36FCF" box="[705,801,1926,1952]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="3.0" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.0">2–4 mm</quantity>
vs 
<quantity id="4CC39B26FFE297265F451A82FC396FCF" box="[839,955,1925,1952]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="1.25" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="0.5">0.5–2 mm</quantity>
long), longer corolla lobes (
<quantity id="4CC39B26FFE2972658FD1A82FAF46FCF" box="[1279,1398,1925,1952]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="3.75" valueMax="4.5" valueMin="3.0">3–4.5 mm</quantity>
vs 
<quantity id="4CC39B26FFE297265CDC1AADFEDA6FAB" box="[222,344,1962,1988]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="1.6" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.2">1.2–2 mm</quantity>
long), longer anthers (
<quantity id="4CC39B26FFE297265E671AADFD5D6FAB" box="[613,735,1962,1989]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="3.25" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="3.0">3–3.5 mm</quantity>
vs 
<quantity id="4CC39B26FFE297265F0B1AADFC156FAB" box="[777,919,1962,1989]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="2.0" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="1.5">1.5–2.5 mm</quantity>
long), and longer filaments (
<quantity id="4CC39B26FFE2972658ED1AADFAF56FAB" box="[1263,1399,1962,1989]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.75" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="7.5" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="0.875" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.75">0.75–1 mm</quantity>
vs 
<quantity id="4CC39B26FFE297265CDC1AC9FEEE6F86" box="[222,364,1998,2025]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="0.15" valueMax="0.2" valueMin="0.1">0.1–0.2 mm</quantity>
long).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3216548FFE197255CBF1C0EFB98693E" box="[189,1050,265,338]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B8436C3FFE197255CBF1C0EFEC6694C" blockId="38.[189,324,265,291]" box="[189,324,265,291]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<heading id="D0CC81AFFFE197255CBF1C0EFEC6694C" bold="true" box="[189,324,265,291]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFE197255CBF1C0EFEC6694C" bold="true" box="[189,324,265,291]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Etymology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8436C3FFE197255CBF1C30FB98693E" blockId="38.[189,1050,311,338]" box="[189,1050,311,338]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">The species epithet is based on the geographic distribution of the species.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3216548FFE197255CBF1C7EFB686C04" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8436C3FFE197255CBF1C7EFEEE69FC" blockId="38.[189,364,377,403]" box="[189,364,377,403]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<heading id="D0CC81AFFFE197255CBF1C7EFEEE69FC" bold="true" box="[189,364,377,403]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFE197255CBF1C7EFEEE69FC" bold="true" box="[189,364,377,403]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<typeStatus id="54808861FFE197255CBF1C7EFF7869FC" box="[189,250,377,403]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Type</typeStatus>
material
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8436C3FFE197255CBF1CAFFAF56989" blockId="38.[189,1399,424,486]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<materialsCitation id="3B533C9EFFE197255CBF1CAFFAF16989" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3856276740" collectingDate="1996-12-07" collectionCode="MAO, MO, WAG" collectorName="Labat &amp; Pascal" country="Comoros" county="Grande Terre" elevation="200" location="Pointe Handrema" municipality="Handrema" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" specimenCode="WAG.1466458" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Mayotte" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry id="F32C7653FFE197255CBF1CAFFE4469AD" box="[189,454,424,450]" name="Comoros" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">COMORO ISLANDS</collectingCountry>
– 
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFE197255DDC1CAFFDC669AD" bold="true" box="[478,580,424,450]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<collectingRegion id="49FFF821FFE197255DDC1CAFFDC669AD" box="[478,580,424,450]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Mayotte</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
• 
<collectingCounty id="62E54E4FFFE197255E591CAFFD7669AD" box="[603,756,424,450]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Grande Terre</collectingCounty>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE0ACB9FFE197255EFC1CAFFCFB69AD" box="[766,889,424,450]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Handrema</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="8EE46018FFE197255F801CAFFBCF69AD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039287D5FFE2972A5E121B86FB226D72:8EE46018FFE197255F801CAFFBCF69AD" box="[898,1101,424,450]" country="Comoros" county="Grande Terre" municipality="Handrema" name="Pointe Handrema" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" stateProvince="Mayotte">Pointe Handrema</location>
; 
<elevation id="0016D1F0FFE1972558551CAFFB5969AD" box="[1111,1243,424,450]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="m" value="200.0">
<quantity id="4CC39B26FFE1972558551CAFFB1C69AD" box="[1111,1182,424,450]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="m" value="200.0">200 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
; 
<date id="FF851003FFE1972558E41CAFFAF069AD" box="[1254,1394,424,450]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="1996-12-07">
<collectingDate id="EFC1E9EBFFE1972558E41CAFFAF069AD" box="[1254,1394,424,450]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="1996-12-07">7 Dec. 1996</collectingDate>
</date>
; fl; 
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFE197255CDE1CCCFE576989" box="[220,469,459,486]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<collectorName id="26CE5315FFE197255CDE1CCCFEA2698A" box="[220,288,459,485]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Labat</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="26CE5315FFE197255D461CCCFE16698A" box="[324,404,459,485]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Pascal</collectorName>
2887
</emphasis>
; 
<typeStatus id="54808861FFE197255DE11CCCFDCC698A" box="[483,590,459,485]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
: P[P00078874]; isotypes: K, MAO n.v., MO, WAG [
<specimenCode id="DB9D9EB8FFE1972558B01CCCFAEE6989" box="[1202,1388,459,486]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">WAG.1466458</specimenCode>
]
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8436C3FFE197255CBF1F0AFE596A48" blockId="38.[189,475,525,551]" box="[189,475,525,551]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<heading id="D0CC81AFFFE197255CBF1F0AFE596A48" bold="true" box="[189,475,525,551]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFE197255CBF1F0AFE596A48" bold="true" box="[189,475,525,551]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Other material studied</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8436C3FFE197255CBF1F3BFB686C04" blockId="38.[187,1399,572,1131]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<materialsCitation id="3B533C9EFFE197255CBF1F3BFD286A16" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3856276351" collectingDate="1957-03-10" collectorName="ignot" country="Comoros" county="Tingui" location="village Hambo" municipality="Hambo" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Anjouan">
<collectingCountry id="F32C7653FFE197255CBF1F3BFE4F6A39" box="[189,461,572,598]" name="Comoros" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">COMORO ISLANDS</collectingCountry>
– 
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<collectingRegion id="49FFF821FFE197255DEC1F3BFDD96A39" box="[494,603,572,598]" country="Comoros" name="Anjouan" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Anjouan</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
• 
<locationDeviation id="9A362FE1FFE197255E771F3BFC236A39" box="[629,929,572,599]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">face NW du mont Tingui</locationDeviation>
, 
<location id="8EE46018FFE197255FAF1F3BFBDD6A39" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039287D5FFE2972A5E121B86FB226D72:8EE46018FFE197255FAF1F3BFBDD6A39" box="[941,1119,572,598]" country="Comoros" county="Tingui" municipality="Hambo" name="village Hambo" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" stateProvince="Anjouan">village Hambo</location>
, 
<location id="8EE46018FFE19725586E1F3AFA8F6A39" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039287D5FFE2972A5E121B86FB226D72:8EE46018FFE19725586E1F3AFA8F6A39" box="[1132,1293,572,599]" country="Comoros" county="Tingui" municipality="Hambo" name="canton Ouani" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" stateProvince="Anjouan">canton Ouani</location>
; 
<date id="FF851003FFE1972559181F3BFF7E6A15" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="1957-03-10">
<collectingDate id="EFC1E9EBFFE1972559181F3BFF7E6A15" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="1957-03-10">10 Mar. 1957</collectingDate>
</date>
; fr; 
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFE197255D331F58FDB66A16" box="[305,564,607,633]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
coll. 
<collectorName id="26CE5315FFE197255D6D1F67FE326A16" box="[367,432,608,633]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">ignot</collectorName>
. 16655-SF
</emphasis>
; P online
</materialsCitation>
• 
<materialsCitation id="3B533C9EFFE197255ECA1F58FBDB6A15" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3856276772" box="[712,1113,607,634]" collectorName="Lavanchie" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" specimenCount="1">
s.loc.; s.dat.; fl; 
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFE197255F8F1F58FBB06A15" box="[909,1074,607,634]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<collectorName id="26CE5315FFE197255F8F1F58FB886A16" box="[909,1034,607,633]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Lavanchie</collectorName>
22
</emphasis>
; P.
</materialsCitation>
– 
<materialsCitation id="3B533C9EFFE1972558791F67FE5D6AAE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3856276556" collectingDate="2001-02-07" collectionCode="MAO, MO" collectorName="Barthelat &amp; M'Changama &amp; Sifary" country="Mayotte" county="Bandrele" location="Hauts de M'tsamoudou" municipality="Choungui Kely" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Anjouan">
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFE1972558791F67FB676A15" bold="true" box="[1147,1253,608,634]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<collectingCountry id="F32C7653FFE1972558791F67FB676A15" box="[1147,1253,608,634]" name="Mayotte" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Mayotte</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
• 
<collectingCounty id="62E54E4FFFE1972559011F58FAF06A16" box="[1283,1394,607,633]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Bandrélé</collectingCounty>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE0ACB9FFE197255CBD1F84FEF66AF2" box="[191,372,643,669]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Choungui Kely</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="8EE46018FFE197255D821F83FD146AF2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039287D5FFE2972A5E121B86FB226D72:8EE46018FFE197255D821F83FD146AF2" box="[384,662,643,670]" country="Mayotte" county="Bandrele" municipality="Choungui Kely" name="Hauts de M'tsamoudou" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" stateProvince="Anjouan">Hauts de M’tsamoudou</location>
; 
<date id="FF851003FFE197255EA01F83FCB26AF2" box="[674,816,643,670]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="2001-02-07">
<collectingDate id="EFC1E9EBFFE197255EA01F83FCB26AF2" box="[674,816,643,670]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="2001-02-07">7 Feb. 2001</collectingDate>
</date>
; fl; 
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFE197255F581F84FA9B6AF2" box="[858,1305,643,669]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<collectorName id="26CE5315FFE197255F581F84FC4E6AF2" box="[858,972,643,669]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Barthelat</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName id="26CE5315FFE197255FDA1F84FBF96AF2" box="[984,1147,643,669]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">M’Changama</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="26CE5315FFE1972558A21F84FB646AF2" box="[1184,1254,643,669]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Sifary</collectorName>
288
</emphasis>
; G n.v., K, MAO n.v., MO n.v., P
</materialsCitation>
• 
<materialsCitation id="3B533C9EFFE197255DF51FA1FEF16A8A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3856276592" collectingDate="2002-03-04" collectionCode="BR, MAO" collectorName="Barthelat &amp; Gomel &amp; Sifari" country="Comoros" location="Mamoudzou" municipality="Ilot Bouzi" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Anjouan">
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE0ACB9FFE197255DF51FA1FDED6AAF" box="[503,623,678,704]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Ilot Bouzi</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="8EE46018FFE197255E781FA1FC906AAF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039287D5FFE2972A5E121B86FB226D72:8EE46018FFE197255E781FA1FC906AAF" box="[634,786,678,704]" country="Comoros" municipality="Ilot Bouzi" name="Mamoudzou" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" stateProvince="Anjouan">Mamoudzou</location>
; 
<date id="FF851003FFE197255F1F1FA0FC2F6AAE" box="[797,941,679,705]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="2002-03-04">
<collectingDate id="EFC1E9EBFFE197255F1F1FA0FC2F6AAE" box="[797,941,679,705]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="2002-03-04">4 Mar. 2002</collectingDate>
</date>
; fl; 
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFE197255FD51FA1FABB6AAE" box="[983,1337,678,705]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<collectorName id="26CE5315FFE197255FD51FA1FBCB6AAF" box="[983,1097,678,704]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Barthelat</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName id="26CE5315FFE1972558561FA1FB206AAF" box="[1108,1186,678,704]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Gomel</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="26CE5315FFE1972558C41FA0FA856AAE" box="[1222,1287,679,705]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Sifari</collectorName>
732
</emphasis>
; BR, K, MAO n.v., P
</materialsCitation>
• 
<materialsCitation id="3B533C9EFFE197255D881FCCFE606B67" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3856276654" collectingDate="2006-07-15" collectionCode="MAO, MO" collectorName="Barthelat &amp; Mchangama &amp; Ali Sifari" country="Comoros" location="Ironi Be" municipality="Tsararano" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Anjouan">
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE0ACB9FFE197255D881FCCFD826A8A" box="[394,512,715,741]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Tsararano</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="8EE46018FFE197255E091FCDFDED6A8B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039287D5FFE2972A5E121B86FB226D72:8EE46018FFE197255E091FCDFDED6A8B" box="[523,623,714,740]" country="Comoros" municipality="Tsararano" name="Ironi Be" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" stateProvince="Anjouan">Ironi Bé</location>
; 
<date id="FF851003FFE197255E791FCDFC8F6A8B" box="[635,781,714,741]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="2006-07-15">
<collectingDate id="EFC1E9EBFFE197255E791FCDFC8F6A8B" box="[635,781,714,741]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="2006-07-15">15 Jul. 2006</collectingDate>
</date>
; fr; 
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFE197255F391FCDFA986A8B" box="[827,1306,714,740]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<collectorName id="26CE5315FFE197255F391FCDFC2F6A8B" box="[827,941,714,740]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Barthelat</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName id="26CE5315FFE197255FBA1FCDFBC96A8B" box="[952,1099,714,740]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Mchangama</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="26CE5315FFE19725586D1FCDFB5A6A8B" box="[1135,1240,714,740]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Ali Sifari</collectorName>
1654
</emphasis>
; G n.v., K, MAO n.v., MO n.v., P
</materialsCitation>
• 
<materialsCitation id="3B533C9EFFE197255DF91FEAFDE06B44" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3856276372" collectingDate="2006-07-20" collectionCode="MAO, MO" collectorName="Barthelat &amp; Mchangama &amp; Ali Sifari" country="Comoros" location="Longoni" municipality="Grande Terre" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Anjouan">
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE0ACB9FFE197255DF91FEAFD1B6B67" box="[507,665,749,776]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Grande Terre</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="8EE46018FFE197255EA61FEAFC896B68" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039287D5FFE2972A5E121B86FB226D72:8EE46018FFE197255EA61FEAFC896B68" box="[676,779,749,775]" country="Comoros" municipality="Grande Terre" name="Longoni" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" stateProvince="Anjouan">Longoni</location>
; 
<date id="FF851003FFE197255F141FE9FC2B6B68" box="[790,937,749,776]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="2006-07-20">
<collectingDate id="EFC1E9EBFFE197255F141FE9FC2B6B68" box="[790,937,749,776]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="2006-07-20">20 Jul. 2006</collectingDate>
</date>
; fr; 
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFE197255FDA1FEAFF7A6B44" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<collectorName id="26CE5315FFE197255FDA1FEAFBC86B68" box="[984,1098,749,775]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Barthelat</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName id="26CE5315FFE1972558571FEAFB6A6B68" box="[1109,1256,749,775]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Mchangama</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="26CE5315FFE19725590E1FEAFAF46B67" box="[1292,1398,749,776]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Ali Sifari</collectorName>
1656
</emphasis>
; MAO n.v., MO n.v., P online
</materialsCitation>
• 
<materialsCitation id="3B533C9EFFE197255E7F1E16FC5D6B43" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3856276751" box="[637,991,785,812]" collectorName="Boivin" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" specimenCount="1">
s.loc.; 1840; fr; 
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFE197255F3E1E15FC3B6B44" box="[828,953,786,811]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<collectorName id="26CE5315FFE197255F3E1E15FC0B6B44" box="[828,905,786,811]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Boivin</collectorName>
s.n.
</emphasis>
; K
</materialsCitation>
• 
<materialsCitation id="3B533C9EFFE197255FF91E16FE866B20" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3856276374" collectorName="Boivin in Drake" country="Comoros" location="Boivin in Drake" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Anjouan">
s.loc.; 1840; fr; 
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFE1972558BB1E15FF676B21" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<collectorName id="26CE5315FFE1972558BB1E15FAF46B44" box="[1209,1398,785,811]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Boivin in Drake</collectorName>
s.n.
</emphasis>
; P
</materialsCitation>
• 
<materialsCitation id="3B533C9EFFE197255D191E33FB926B20" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3856276834" box="[283,1040,820,847]" collectorName="Boivin" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" specimenCount="1">
<locationDeviation id="9A362FE1FFE197255D191E33FDC46B21" box="[283,582,820,847]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">bord de la mer à Pamanzi</locationDeviation>
, côte ouest; 1850; fr; 
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFE197255F431E32FC4D6B20" box="[833,975,821,847]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<collectorName id="26CE5315FFE197255F431E32FC0C6B21" box="[833,910,821,846]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Boivin</collectorName>
3179
</emphasis>
; K, P
</materialsCitation>
• 
<materialsCitation id="3B533C9EFFE19725582A1E33FF4E6B1C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3856276419" collectorName="Boivin" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" specimenCount="1">
s.loc.; 1850; fr; 
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFE1972558E21E32FAED6B20" box="[1248,1391,821,847]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<collectorName id="26CE5315FFE1972558E21E32FAAF6B21" box="[1248,1325,821,846]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Boivin</collectorName>
3180
</emphasis>
; P
</materialsCitation>
• 
<materialsCitation id="3B533C9EFFE197255CE11E5EFA8B6B1C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3856276312" box="[227,1289,856,883]" collectingDate="1975-02-23" collectorName="Floret" country="Comoros" elevation="550" location="Sapere" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Anjouan">
<locationDeviation id="9A362FE1FFE197255CE11E5EFD5C6B1D" box="[227,734,856,883]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">centre NE, près du sommet du mont Sapéré</locationDeviation>
; 
<elevation id="0016D1F0FFE197255EEA1E5FFCF26B1D" box="[744,880,856,883]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="m" value="550.0">
<quantity id="4CC39B26FFE197255EEA1E5FFCB36B1C" box="[744,817,856,883]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="m" value="550.0">550 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
; 
<date id="FF851003FFE197255F7F1E5FFB9A6B1C" box="[893,1048,856,883]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="1975-02-23">
<collectingDate id="EFC1E9EBFFE197255F7F1E5FFB9A6B1C" box="[893,1048,856,883]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="1975-02-23">23 Feb. 1975</collectingDate>
</date>
; fl; 
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFE1972558401E5FFB4A6B1D" box="[1090,1224,856,882]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<collectorName id="26CE5315FFE1972558401E5FFB086B1D" box="[1090,1162,856,882]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Floret</collectorName>
1188
</emphasis>
; K, P
</materialsCitation>
• 
<materialsCitation id="3B533C9EFFE1972559221E5FFDF36BF9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3856276575" collectingDate="1999-06-01" collectorName="Mas" country="Comoros" location="Saziley crete" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Anjouan">
<location id="8EE46018FFE1972559221E5FFF786BF9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039287D5FFE2972A5E121B86FB226D72:8EE46018FFE1972559221E5FFF786BF9" country="Comoros" name="Saziley crete" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" stateProvince="Anjouan">Saziley crête</location>
; 
<date id="FF851003FFE197255D051E7BFE166BF9" box="[263,404,892,918]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="1999-06-01">
<collectingDate id="EFC1E9EBFFE197255D051E7BFE166BF9" box="[263,404,892,918]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="1999-06-01">1 Jun. 1999</collectingDate>
</date>
; fr; 
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFE197255DC41E7BFDAF6BF9" box="[454,557,892,918]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Mas 224</emphasis>
; K, P
</materialsCitation>
• 
<materialsCitation id="3B533C9EFFE197255E8F1E7CFBBE6BD5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3856276360" collectingDate="2007-02-05" collectionCode="BR, MAO, TAN" collectorName="Mouly" country="Comoros" county="Petite Terre" elevation="30" location="Moya" municipality="Moya" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Anjouan">
<collectingCounty id="62E54E4FFFE197255E8F1E7CFC9A6BF9" box="[653,792,891,918]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Petite Terre</collectingCounty>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE0ACB9FFE197255F261E7BFCE96BF9" box="[804,875,892,918]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Moya</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<locationDeviation id="9A362FE1FFE197255F7B1E7CFAF06BF9" box="[889,1394,891,918]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">rocher intermédiaire entre les deux Moyas</locationDeviation>
; 
<elevation id="0016D1F0FFE197255CBF1E98FED46BD6" box="[189,342,927,954]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="m" value="30.0" valueMax="60.0" valueMin="0.0">
<quantity id="4CC39B26FFE197255CBF1E98FE946BD5" box="[189,278,927,954]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="m" value="30.0" valueMax="60.0" valueMin="0.0">0–60 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
; 
<date id="FF851003FFE197255D661E98FE6E6BD6" box="[356,492,927,954]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="2007-02-05">
<collectingDate id="EFC1E9EBFFE197255D661E98FE6E6BD6" box="[356,492,927,954]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="2007-02-05">5 Feb 2007</collectingDate>
</date>
; fl; 
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFE197255E1B1E98FD1A6BD6" box="[537,664,927,953]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<collectorName id="26CE5315FFE197255E1B1E98FDE66BD6" box="[537,612,927,953]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Mouly</collectorName>
554
</emphasis>
; BR, K n.v., MAO n.v., P, TAN n.v
</materialsCitation>
. • 
<materialsCitation id="3B533C9EFFE1972558581E98FC976C6E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3856276472" collectingDate="2007-02-08" collectionCode="BR, MAO" collectorName="Mouly" country="Comoros" county="Grande Terre" elevation="250" location="Mt. Combani" municipality="Combani" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Anjouan">
<collectingCounty id="62E54E4FFFE1972558581E98FB7A6BD5" box="[1114,1272,927,954]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Grande Terre</collectingCounty>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE0ACB9FFE1972559061E98FAF16BD6" box="[1284,1395,927,953]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Combani</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="8EE46018FFE197255CBF1EC4FEDE6BB3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039287D5FFE2972A5E121B86FB226D72:8EE46018FFE197255CBF1EC4FEDE6BB3" box="[189,348,962,989]" country="Comoros" county="Grande Terre" municipality="Combani" name="Mt. Combani" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" stateProvince="Anjouan">Mt. Combani</location>
, 
<locationDeviation id="9A362FE1FFE197255D651EC5FB206BB3" box="[359,1186,962,989]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">bordure de Réserve du Mlima Combani, le long du Grande Randonnée</locationDeviation>
; 
<elevation id="0016D1F0FFE1972558AF1EC4FAF26BB3" box="[1197,1392,962,989]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="m" value="250.0" valueMax="300.0" valueMin="200.0">
<quantity id="4CC39B26FFE1972558AF1EC4FAB36BB2" box="[1197,1329,963,989]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="m" value="250.0" valueMax="300.0" valueMin="200.0">200–300 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
; 
<date id="FF851003FFE197255CBF1EE1FECB6C6F" box="[189,329,998,1024]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="2007-02-08">
<collectingDate id="EFC1E9EBFFE197255CBF1EE1FECB6C6F" box="[189,329,998,1024]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="2007-02-08">8 Feb. 2007</collectingDate>
</date>
; fl; 
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFE197255D701EE1FE6D6C6F" box="[370,495,998,1024]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<collectorName id="26CE5315FFE197255D701EE1FE3F6C6F" box="[370,445,998,1024]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Mouly</collectorName>
580
</emphasis>
; BR, K n.v., MAO n.v., P
</materialsCitation>
• 
<materialsCitation id="3B533C9EFFE197255F291EE1FBDC6C4B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3856276738" collectingDate="2007-02-12" collectionCode="BR, MAO" collectorName="Mouly" country="Comoros" elevation="15" location="Grande Terre" municipality="Grande Terre" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Anjouan">
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE0ACB9FFE197255F291EE1FC4A6C6E" box="[811,968,998,1025]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Grande Terre</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<locationDeviation id="9A362FE1FFE197255FD31EE1FE886C4C" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Sohoa littoral à la base du plateau de Sohon</locationDeviation>
, versant ouest; 
<elevation id="0016D1F0FFE197255DB4190DFDCB6C4C" box="[438,585,1033,1060]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="m" value="15.0" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="0.0">
<quantity id="4CC39B26FFE197255DB4190DFD8F6C4B" box="[438,525,1034,1060]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="m" value="15.0" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="0.0">0–30 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
; 
<date id="FF851003FFE197255E57190DFD6E6C4B" box="[597,748,1033,1060]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="2007-02-12">
<collectingDate id="EFC1E9EBFFE197255E57190DFD6E6C4B" box="[597,748,1033,1060]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="2007-02-12">12 Feb. 2007</collectingDate>
</date>
; fl; 
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFE197255F16190EFC0C6C4C" box="[788,910,1033,1059]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<collectorName id="26CE5315FFE197255F16190EFCDC6C4C" box="[788,862,1033,1059]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Mouly</collectorName>
616
</emphasis>
; 
<collectionCode id="ED2AAE06FFE197255F9E190DFC476C4B" box="[924,965,1034,1060]" country="Brazil" name="Embrapa Agrobiology Diazothrophic Microbial Culture Collection" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">BR</collectionCode>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED2AAE06FFE197255FD2190DFB966C4B" box="[976,1044,1034,1060]" country="Senegal" name="Mircen Afrique Ouest" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">MAO</collectionCode>
n.v., P
</materialsCitation>
• 
<materialsCitation id="3B533C9EFFE197255871190EFBD76C27" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3856276328" collectingDate="1999-04-15" collectionCode="BR, MO" collectorName="Pignal &amp; Pibot" country="Comoros" elevation="221" location="Chissioua Mtsamboro" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Anjouan">
<location id="8EE46018FFE197255871190EFAF06C4C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039287D5FFE2972A5E121B86FB226D72:8EE46018FFE197255871190EFAF06C4C" box="[1139,1394,1033,1059]" country="Comoros" name="Chissioua Mtsamboro" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" stateProvince="Anjouan">Chissioua Mtsamboro</location>
, 
<location id="8EE46018FFE197255CBF192AFEF46C27" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039287D5FFE2972A5E121B86FB226D72:8EE46018FFE197255CBF192AFEF46C27" box="[189,374,1069,1096]" country="Comoros" name="pres du sommet" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" stateProvince="Anjouan">près du sommet</location>
; 
<elevation id="0016D1F0FFE197255D83192AFD8A6C28" box="[385,520,1069,1096]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.21" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="m" value="221.0">
<quantity id="4CC39B26FFE197255D83192AFE486C27" box="[385,458,1069,1096]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.21" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="m" value="221.0">221 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
; 
<date id="FF851003FFE197255E16192AFD2E6C28" box="[532,684,1069,1096]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="1999-04-15">
<collectingDate id="EFC1E9EBFFE197255E16192AFD2E6C28" box="[532,684,1069,1096]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="1999-04-15">15 Apr. 1999</collectingDate>
</date>
; fr; 
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFE197255EDA192AFC476C28" box="[728,965,1069,1096]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<collectorName id="26CE5315FFE197255EDA192AFCA46C28" box="[728,806,1069,1095]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Pignal</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="26CE5315FFE197255F4A192AFC056C28" box="[840,903,1069,1095]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Pibot</collectorName>
1166
</emphasis>
; 
<collectionCode id="ED2AAE06FFE197255FD61929FC7C6C27" box="[980,1022,1070,1096]" country="Brazil" name="Embrapa Agrobiology Diazothrophic Microbial Culture Collection" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">BR</collectionCode>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED2AAE06FFE19725580A192AFBB86C28" box="[1032,1082,1069,1095]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15859" name="Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="Herbarium">MO</collectionCode>
, P
</materialsCitation>
. – 
<materialsCitation id="3B533C9EFFE197255871192BFB646C04" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3856276705" collectingDate="2006-05-26" collectorName="Labat &amp; Yahaya &amp; Abdou" country="Comoros" elevation="87" location="lac de Boundouni" municipality="Hamavouno" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Moheli">
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFE197255871192BFB496C28" bold="true" box="[1139,1227,1068,1095]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<collectingRegion id="49FFF821FFE197255871192BFB496C28" box="[1139,1227,1068,1095]" country="Comoros" name="Moheli" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Mohéli</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
• 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE0ACB9FFE1972558E21929FAF06C27" box="[1248,1394,1070,1096]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Hamavouno</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="8EE46018FFE197255CB91956FE0C6C04" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039287D5FFE2972A5E121B86FB226D72:8EE46018FFE197255CB91956FE0C6C04" box="[187,398,1105,1131]" country="Comoros" municipality="Hamavouno" name="lac de Boundouni" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" stateProvince="Moheli">lac de Boundouni</location>
; 
<elevation id="0016D1F0FFE197255D981956FD976C04" box="[410,533,1105,1131]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.7" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="m" value="87.0">
<quantity id="4CC39B26FFE197255D981956FE546C04" box="[410,470,1105,1131]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.7" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="m" value="87.0">87 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
; 
<date id="FF851003FFE197255E211957FD416C05" box="[547,707,1104,1131]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="2006-05-26">
<collectingDate id="EFC1E9EBFFE197255E211957FD416C05" box="[547,707,1104,1131]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="2006-05-26">26 May 2006</collectingDate>
</date>
; fr; 
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFE197255EF11956FBD26C04" box="[755,1104,1105,1131]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<collectorName id="26CE5315FFE197255EF11956FCB96C04" box="[755,827,1105,1131]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Labat</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName id="26CE5315FFE197255F441956FC196C04" box="[838,923,1105,1131]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Yahaya</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="26CE5315FFE197255FC31956FB8C6C04" box="[961,1038,1105,1131]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Abdou</collectorName>
3704
</emphasis>
; K, P online
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3216548FFE1972B5CBF1995FA836A29" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8436C3FFE197255CBF1995FECC6CC3" blockId="38.[189,334,1170,1196]" box="[189,334,1170,1196]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<heading id="D0CC81AFFFE197255CBF1995FECC6CC3" bold="true" box="[189,334,1170,1196]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFE197255CBF1995FECC6CC3" bold="true" box="[189,334,1170,1196]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8436C3FFE1972B5CBF19C6FA836A29" blockId="38.[188,1400,1217,2025]" lastBlockId="40.[188,1399,265,582]" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
Shrub or tree, to 
<quantity id="4CC39B26FFE197255D8119C6FE326CB3" box="[387,432,1217,1244]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="m" value="8.0">8 m</quantity>
tall, dbh to 
<quantity id="4CC39B26FFE197255E3F19C6FD0B6CB3" box="[573,649,1217,1244]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="cm" value="20.0">20 cm</quantity>
; pubescence whitish or more rarely tawny. Young shoots brown or dark brown, glabrous; older branches corky, greyish or pale brown, glabrous. Petioles 
<quantity id="4CC39B26FFE1972558BB19E3FAB46C90" box="[1209,1334,1252,1279]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="17.5" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="10.0">10–25 mm</quantity>
long, moderately to sparsely covered with long appressed or spreading hairs. Leaf blades ovate or, more rarely, elliptic or broadly obovate, 6–23 × (2.5–) 
<quantity id="4CC39B26FFE197255E99182CFC806D29" box="[667,770,1323,1350]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="13.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="cm" value="8.5" valueMax="13.0" valueMin="4.0">4–13 cm</quantity>
, papyraceous to subcoriaceous, drying brown or more rarely greenish and hardly discolorous, upper surface somewhat glossy, glabrous or with midrib and, more rarely, secondary veins sparsely covered with long appressed hairs, lower surface glabrous or with midrib sparsely to moderately and secondary veins sparsely covered with long appressed hairs; margin sometimes sparsely ciliate; base cuneate or, more rarely, obtuse, rounded or truncate; tip acuminate, acumen 5–15(–25) mm long; hair tuft domatia present; midrib and secondary veins often somewhat paler than blade on the lower surface; (6–)8–12 secondary veins on each side of midrib, somewhat raised below; higher order venation often somewhat discolorous below. Stipules triangular with needle-like awn, keeled, outer surface moderately to sparsely covered with long appressed or spreading hairs at the base or along the keel, inner surface glabrous with row of colleters interspaced with sparse hairs at the base; sheath 
<quantity id="4CC39B26FFE197255D501B88FE456EC6" box="[338,455,1679,1706]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="3.25" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.5">2.5–4 mm</quantity>
long; awn 
<quantity id="4CC39B26FFE197255E451B88FD2A6EC6" box="[583,680,1679,1705]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="3.0" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.0">2–4 mm</quantity>
long. Inflorescences sessile, compact, 2–4.5 × 
<quantity id="4CC39B26FFE1972558CA1B88FABA6EC6" box="[1224,1336,1679,1706]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.25" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="cm" value="5.25" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="3.5">3.5–7 cm</quantity>
, with numerous flowers; inflorescence parts densely covered with appressed or spreading hairs; first order axes 0.3–1.3(–2.5) cm long; higher order bracts with stipular parts reduced or absent, foliar parts triangular and vaulted, 
<quantity id="4CC39B26FFE197255D4D1BFEFE2C6F7B" box="[335,430,1785,1812]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="4.0" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="2.0">2–6 mm</quantity>
long; bracteoles present or absent, if present then on pedicel somewhat below ovary, usually not opposite, stipular parts absent, foliar parts linear, 
<quantity id="4CC39B26FFE197255F791A1AFC7D6F58" box="[891,1023,1821,1848]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.75" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="7.5" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="0.875" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.75">0.75–1 mm</quantity>
long, tips acute. Flowers shortly pedicellate or rarely subsessile, pedicels (0–)1–3(–5) mm long. Calyx densely covered with appressed hairs outside; tube 
<quantity id="4CC39B26FFE197255DA31A63FDAD6F11" box="[417,559,1892,1918]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="0.5" valueMax="0.6" valueMin="0.4">0.4–0.6 mm</quantity>
long, inner surface with ring of long appressed hairs; lobes triangular, 
<quantity id="4CC39B26FFE197255CBF1A80FEC86FCD" box="[189,330,1927,1954]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="0.5" valueMax="0.6" valueMin="0.4">0.4–0.6 mm</quantity>
long, inner surface glabrous or sparsely covered with short appressed hairs, margins ciliate, tips acute. Corolla tube 
<quantity id="4CC39B26FFE197255DD71AACFDB46FAA" box="[469,566,1963,1990]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="6.0" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="5.0">5–7 mm</quantity>
long, inner surface densely covered with long erect hairs in upper half or upper ⅔; lobes 
<quantity id="4CC39B26FFE197255D9A1AC9FD936F86" box="[408,529,1998,2025]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="3.75" valueMax="4.5" valueMin="3.0">3–4.5 mm</quantity>
long, margins ciliate. Anthers 
<quantity id="4CC39B26FFE197255F831AC9FC786F86" box="[897,1018,1998,2025]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="3.25" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="3.0">3–3.5 mm</quantity>
long, completely exserted from corolla tube at anthesis; filaments 
<quantity id="4CC39B26FFEF972B5E5E1C0EFD67694C" box="[604,741,265,292]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.75" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="7.5" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="mm" value="0.875" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.75">0.75–1 mm</quantity>
long. Ovary 
<quantity id="4CC39B26FFEF972B5F851C0EFBA5694C" box="[903,1063,265,292]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.75" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="7.5" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="mm" value="0.975" valueMax="1.2" valueMin="0.75">0.75–1.2 mm</quantity>
long, densely covered with ± short appressed hairs; per locule (1–)3–5 ovules pendulous from small placenta attached to upper half of septum. Style and stigma 
<quantity id="4CC39B26FFEF972B5E141C55FD0B6903" box="[534,649,338,364]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="mm" value="11.5" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="9.0">9–14 mm</quantity>
long, exserted for 
<quantity id="4CC39B26FFEF972B5F6C1C56FC6E6903" box="[878,1004,337,364]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.25" metricValueMax="6.5" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="mm" value="5.25" valueMax="6.5" valueMin="4.0">4–6.5 mm</quantity>
; style densely covered with long erect hairs from 
<quantity id="4CC39B26FFEF972B5D7E1C71FE5F69FF" box="[380,477,374,400]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="mm" value="3.0" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.0">2–4 mm</quantity>
above base to somewhat below papillate zone; stigmatic lobes 
<quantity id="4CC39B26FFEF972B58BC1C71FAB769FF" box="[1214,1333,374,401]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.25" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="mm" value="4.25" valueMax="4.5" valueMin="4.0">4–4.5 mm</quantity>
long, upper 
<quantity id="4CC39B26FFEF972B5D051C9DFEFF69DA" box="[263,381,410,437]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="mm" value="2.25" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="2.0">2–2.5 mm</quantity>
fusiform; papillate grooves running along fusiform part and further down for ca 
<quantity id="4CC39B26FFEF972B592E1C9DFAF069DA" box="[1324,1394,410,437]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
. Fruits spherical, 
<quantity id="4CC39B26FFEF972B5D861CB9FD8B69B6" box="[388,521,446,473]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="cm" value="0.45" valueMax="0.5" valueMin="0.4">0.4–0.5 cm</quantity>
in diam., wrinkled when dried, moderately to densely covered with short appressed hairs; fruit wall thin, with sclerified vascular bundles; pyrenes hemispherical, 
<quantity id="4CC39B26FFEF972B58DC1CE4FAD56992" box="[1246,1367,483,510]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="mm" value="3.75" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.5">3.5–4 mm</quantity>
in diam., membranous adaxially, thinly crustaceous abaxially, with rounded base, shortly acuminate tip and small adaxial opening somewhat below the apex. Seeds (1–)2–4 per fruit, 2–2.5 × 
<quantity id="4CC39B26FFEF972B58801F2CFB7E6A29" box="[1154,1276,555,582]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="mm" value="2.75" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.5">2.5–3 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF44664BFFE097245CBF1A63FCEA6F87" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6358834" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6358834" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6358834/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" startId="39.[189,233,1892,1918]" targetBox="[219,1364,278,1847]" targetPageId="39">
<paragraph id="8B8436C3FFE097245CBF1A63FCEA6F87" blockId="39.[189,1399,1892,2024]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFE097245CBF1A63FE8F6F11" bold="true" box="[189,269,1892,1918]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Fig. 9.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D40FFE097245D151A63FD536F11" authority="De Block" authorityName="De Block" authorityYear="2022" box="[279,721,1892,1919]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Paracephaelis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="comorensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFE097245D151A63FDD16F11" box="[279,595,1892,1918]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Paracephaelis comorensis</emphasis>
De Block
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27C57AAFFE097245ED81A62FCBA6F10" box="[730,824,1893,1919]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFE097245F3C1A63FCD16F11" bold="true" box="[830,851,1892,1918]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">A</emphasis>
. Flowering branch. 
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFE0972458481A62FBDC6F10" bold="true" box="[1098,1118,1893,1919]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">B</emphasis>
. Leaf. 
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFE0972458B71A63FB486F11" bold="true" box="[1205,1226,1892,1918]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">C</emphasis>
. Domatia and pubescence on midrib. 
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFE097245DCF1A8FFE606FCD" bold="true" box="[461,482,1928,1954]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">D</emphasis>
. Stipule. 
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFE097245E501A8FFDE46FCD" bold="true" box="[594,614,1928,1954]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">E</emphasis>
. Bracteole, ovary and calyx. 
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFE097245FBF1A8FFC4D6FCD" bold="true" box="[957,975,1928,1954]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">F</emphasis>
. Corolla, stamens, style and stigma. 
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFE097245CBF1AADFF566FAB" bold="true" box="[189,212,1962,1988]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">G</emphasis>
. Fruit. 
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFE097245D271AACFEBE6FAA" bold="true" box="[293,316,1963,1989]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">H</emphasis>
. Pyrene, adaxial view. Drawn by Mr A. Fernandez. From 
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFE097245FCF1AACFB436FAA" box="[973,1217,1963,1989]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Labat &amp; Pascal 2287</emphasis>
(A), 
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFE0972458F91AACFAF56FAA" box="[1275,1399,1963,1989]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Mouly 580</emphasis>
(B–D), 
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFE097245D151AC9FE176F87" box="[279,405,1998,2024]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Mouly 616</emphasis>
(E–F) and 
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFE097245E181AC9FC8E6F87" box="[538,780,1998,2024]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Pignal &amp; Pibot 1166</emphasis>
(G–H).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C3216548FFEF972B5CBF1F69FAF76AD7" box="[189,1397,622,697]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B8436C3FFEF972B5CBF1F69FED46AE7" blockId="40.[189,342,622,648]" box="[189,342,622,648]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<heading id="D0CC81AFFFEF972B5CBF1F69FED46AE7" bold="true" box="[189,342,622,648]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFEF972B5CBF1F69FED46AE7" bold="true" box="[189,342,622,648]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Distribution</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8436C3FFEF972B5CBF1F99FAF76AD7" blockId="40.[189,1397,670,697]" box="[189,1397,670,697]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
Mostly collected from 
<collectingCountry id="F32C7653FFEF972B5DCB1F99FDAC6AD7" box="[457,558,670,696]" name="Mayotte" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Mayotte</collectingCountry>
, but also occurring on 
<collectingRegion id="49FFF821FFEF972B5F3B1F99FC0C6AD7" box="[825,910,670,696]" country="Comoros" name="Moheli" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Mohéli</collectingRegion>
and 
<collectingRegion id="49FFF821FFEF972B5FC71F99FBA86AD7" box="[965,1066,670,696]" country="Comoros" name="Anjouan" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Anjouan</collectingRegion>
(
<collectingCountry id="F32C7653FFEF972B58381F99FB7A6AD6" box="[1082,1272,670,697]" name="Comoros" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Comoro Islands</collectingCountry>
) (
<figureCitation id="13002A46FFEF972B59121F99FAEA6AD7" box="[1296,1384,670,696]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="89.[189,232,994,1020]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,265,956]" captionTargetId="figure-11@89.[189,1399,265,956]" captionTargetPageId="89" captionText="Fig. 24. Distribution map of Paracephaelis comorensis De Block sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6358870" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6358870/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3216548FFEF972B5CBF1FE7FE7E6B1C" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8B8436C3FFEF972B5CBF1FE7FE5E6A95" blockId="40.[189,476,736,762]" box="[189,476,736,762]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<heading id="D0CC81AFFFEF972B5CBF1FE7FE5E6A95" bold="true" box="[189,476,736,762]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFEF972B5CBF1FE7FE5E6A95" bold="true" box="[189,476,736,762]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Habitat and phenology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8436C3FFEF972B5CBF1E17FE7E6B1C" blockId="40.[189,1399,784,883]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
Dry forest or thicket, mesophyllous (intermediate) forest; on rocks; elev. 
<quantity id="4CC39B26FFEF972B580C1E17FBF56B45" box="[1038,1143,784,811]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="5.5" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="m" value="275.0" valueMax="550.0" valueMin="0.0">
0– 
<specimenCount id="9D3DFD4AFFEF972B58291E17FBF56B45" box="[1067,1143,784,811]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="generic">550 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
. Flowers: December– March; Fruits: March–July. According to 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B32FFEF972B5EAA1E33FCE96B21" author="Barthelat F." box="[680,875,820,846]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refId="ref65174" refString="Barthelat F. 2019. La Flore illustree de Mayotte. Biotope Editions, Meze; Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris." type="book" year="2019">Barthelat (2019)</bibRefCitation>
, flowering continues until May, but this was not observed by the author.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3216548FFEF972B5CBF1E9CFE3E6C65" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="8B8436C3FFEF972B5CBF1E9CFE226BDA" blockId="40.[189,416,923,949]" box="[189,416,923,949]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<heading id="D0CC81AFFFEF972B5CBF1E9CFE226BDA" bold="true" box="[189,416,923,949]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFEF972B5CBF1E9CFE226BDA" bold="true" box="[189,416,923,949]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Vernacular names</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8436C3FFEF972B5CBF1ECCFE3E6C65" blockId="40.[189,1398,971,1034]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
Botinati (
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFEF972B5D311ECCFDBA6B8A" box="[307,568,971,997]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">coll. ignot. 16655-SF</emphasis>
); mora folaka malandy (
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFEF972B5F6D1ECCFBE06B8A" box="[879,1122,971,997]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Barthelat et al. 732</emphasis>
); mora folaka tamtam (
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFEF972B5CC51EE8FE296C66" box="[199,427,1007,1033]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Barthelat et al. 288</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3216548FFEF972A5CBF1936FB226D72" lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8436C3FFEF972B5CBF1936FDAF6C23" blockId="40.[189,557,1073,1100]" box="[189,557,1073,1100]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<heading id="D0CC81AFFFEF972B5CBF1936FDAF6C23" bold="true" box="[189,557,1073,1100]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFEF972B5CBF1936FDAF6C23" bold="true" box="[189,557,1073,1100]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Provisional IUCN assessment</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8436C3FFEF972B5CBF1966FD586F42" blockId="40.[188,1400,1121,1838]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
Vulnerable: VU B1ab(iii) B2ab(iii). This assessment is based on 14 herbarium collections with detailed locality data, collected between 1850 and 2007. The EOO of 
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D40FFEF972B5F9A1981FBB96CF0" authority="Block, 2022" authorityName="De Block" authorityYear="2022" box="[920,1083,1158,1183]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Paracephaelis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="comorensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFEF972B5F9A1981FBB96CF0" box="[920,1083,1158,1183]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">P. comorensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27C57AAFFEF972B58461981FB1D6CCF" box="[1092,1183,1158,1184]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is estimated to be below 
<quantity id="4CC39B26FFEF972B5D0C19ADFEF66CAB" box="[270,372,1194,1220]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.009" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="km" value="1009.0">1009 km</quantity>
<superScript id="7C4E9B8BFFEF972B5D7619AEFEFF6CD8" attach="left" box="[372,381,1193,1207]" fontSize="6" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">2</superScript>
(the sum of the surface areas of 
<collectingCountry id="F32C7653FFEF972B5EFC19ACFCE16CAA" box="[766,867,1195,1221]" name="Mayotte" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Mayotte</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49FFF821FFEF972B5F6C19ADFC546CAB" box="[878,982,1194,1220]" country="Comoros" name="Anjouan" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Anjouan</collectingRegion>
, and 
<collectingRegion id="49FFF821FFEF972B581619ADFBEF6CAA" box="[1044,1133,1194,1221]" country="Comoros" name="Moheli" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Moheli</collectingRegion>
), which complies with the Endangered category under criterion B1. The AOO is estimated to be 
<quantity id="4CC39B26FFEF972B582119C9FBEC6C87" box="[1059,1134,1230,1257]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.6" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="km" value="56.0">56 km</quantity>
<superScript id="7C4E9B8BFFEF972B586C19C9FBF56CB3" attach="left" box="[1134,1143,1230,1244]" fontSize="6" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">2</superScript>
, which also complies with the Endangered category under criterion B2. The species is known from 10 locations, which is the upper limit for the Vulnerable category under subcriterion ‘a’ of criterion B2. In 8 of these 10 locations, the presence of the species was confirmed relatively recently (between 1999 and 2007). The species is present in the Réserve Forestière de Majimbini and was also collected near the border of the Réserve Forestière de Combani. In the 
<collectingCountry id="F32C7653FFEF972B5E111883FD026DF1" box="[531,640,1412,1438]" name="Comoros" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Comoros</collectingCountry>
, 80–90% of the natural vegetation has been destroyed and replaced by fields for subsistence farming, secondary forests of which the understory is planted with, e.g., bananas, as well as plantations, grassland, and very degraded uncultivable areas known as padza (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B32FFEF972B58C118CBFAE86D88" author="Stafford J." box="[1219,1386,1484,1511]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="185 - 190" refId="ref70939" refString="Stafford J. 2001. The Comoros. In: Fishpool L. D. C. &amp; Evans M. I. (eds) Important Bird Areas in Africa and Associated Islands: Priority Sites for Conservation: 185 - 190. Pisces Publications and BirdLife International, Newbury and Cambridge, UK." type="book chapter" year="2001">Stafford 2001</bibRefCitation>
). The 
<collectingCountry id="F32C7653FFEF972B5CF618F6FE376E64" box="[244,437,1521,1547]" name="Comoros" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Comoro islands</collectingCountry>
, e.g., 
<collectingRegion id="49FFF821FFEF972B5DFF18F6FDE56E64" box="[509,615,1521,1547]" country="Comoros" name="Anjouan" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Anjouan</collectingRegion>
, are densely populated and population densities continue to rise, with ca 90% of the inhabitants depending on subsistence farming for their livelihood (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B32FFEF972B58D21B12FF7F6E3B" author="Doulton H. &amp; Mohamed M. &amp; Shepherd G. &amp; Mohamed S. &amp; Ali B. &amp; Maddison N." pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="7 - 11" refId="ref67230" refString="Doulton H., Mohamed M., Shepherd G., Mohamed S., Ali B. &amp; Maddison N. 2015. Competing Land-Use in a Small Island Developing State: Using Landscape Approaches to Manage Sustainable Outcomes in the Comoro Islands. XIV World Forestry Congress, Durban, South Africa, 7 - 11 September 2015. Available from http: // www. fao. org / about / meetings / world-forestry-congress / programme / technical-papers-and-posters / en / [accessed 1 Sep. 2020]." type="proceedings paper" year="2015">
Doulton 
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFEF972B59381B11FAF56E40" box="[1338,1399,1557,1583]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">et al.</emphasis>
2015
</bibRefCitation>
). The islands’ deforestation has been the highest in the world between 2000 and 2010 (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B32FFEF972B59161B3EFEBF6E16" author="Doulton H. &amp; Mohamed M. &amp; Shepherd G. &amp; Mohamed S. &amp; Ali B. &amp; Maddison N." pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="7 - 11" refId="ref67230" refString="Doulton H., Mohamed M., Shepherd G., Mohamed S., Ali B. &amp; Maddison N. 2015. Competing Land-Use in a Small Island Developing State: Using Landscape Approaches to Manage Sustainable Outcomes in the Comoro Islands. XIV World Forestry Congress, Durban, South Africa, 7 - 11 September 2015. Available from http: // www. fao. org / about / meetings / world-forestry-congress / programme / technical-papers-and-posters / en / [accessed 1 Sep. 2020]." type="proceedings paper" year="2015">
Doulton 
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFEF972B5CBD1B58FF7A6E17" box="[191,248,1630,1656]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">et al.</emphasis>
2015
</bibRefCitation>
). Remaining forests are cleared for subsistence farming and the grazing of livestock, targeted for construction wood, firewood, wood for the production of charcoal, and other resources such as, e.g., medicinal plants, with secondary damaging factors being volcanic eruptions, cyclones, and invasive exotic species (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B32FFEF972B5D721BCCFD916E8A" author="Louette M." box="[368,531,1739,1765]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="23 - 51" refId="ref69299" refString="Louette M. 2004. Environnement. In: Louette M., Meirte D. &amp; Jocque R. (eds) La Faune terrestre de l'Archipel des Comores. Studies in Afrotropical Zoology 293: 23 - 51." type="journal article" year="2004">Louette 2004</bibRefCitation>
). Because of these facts, a reduction in the extent and quality of the habitat of 
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D40FFEF972B5CDE1BF7FEFF6F66" authority="Block, 2022" authorityName="De Block" authorityYear="2022" box="[220,381,1776,1801]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Paracephaelis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="comorensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFEF972B5CDE1BF7FEFF6F66" box="[220,381,1776,1801]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">P. comorensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27C57AAFFEF972B5D801BF7FE5E6F65" box="[386,476,1776,1802]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is inferred. This threat, in combination with the low AOO and the 10 locations, qualifies 
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D40FFEF972B5D2A1A13FE486F42" authority="Block, 2022" authorityName="De Block" authorityYear="2022" box="[296,458,1812,1837]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Paracephaelis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="comorensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFEF972B5D2A1A13FE486F42" box="[296,458,1812,1837]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">P. comorensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27C57AAFFEF972B5DD21A13FDA96F41" box="[464,555,1812,1838]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
as Vulnerable.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8436C3FFEF972B5CBF1A51FE816F1F" blockId="40.[189,259,1878,1904]" box="[189,259,1878,1904]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<heading id="D0CC81AFFFEF972B5CBF1A51FE816F1F" bold="true" box="[189,259,1878,1904]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFEF972B5CBF1A51FE816F1F" bold="true" box="[189,259,1878,1904]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Notes</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8436C3FFEF972B5CBF1A81FAFA6F86" blockId="40.[189,1400,1926,2025]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
1. The 
<specimenCount id="9D3DFD4AFFEF972B5D131A81FE4C6FCF" box="[273,462,1926,1952]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="generic">three specimens</specimenCount>
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFEF972B5DDA1A81FDEA6FCF" box="[472,616,1926,1952]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Boivin 3180</emphasis>
(P) bear the name “ 
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D40FFEF972B5F5A1A81FBC46FF0" authorityName="Block" authorityYear="2022" box="[856,1094,1926,1951]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Tarenna" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="comorensis">
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFEF972B5F5A1A81FBC46FF0" box="[856,1094,1926,1951]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Tarenna comorensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” and are placed in a 
<typeStatus id="54808861FFEF972B59461A81FAF56FCF" box="[1348,1399,1926,1952]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">type</typeStatus>
folder in P. But this species name was never published. This historical material is not chosen as 
<typeStatus id="54808861FFEF972B59471AACFAFA6FAA" box="[1349,1400,1963,1989]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">type</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D40FFEF972B5CDD1AC8FE076F87" authority="Block, 2022" authorityName="Block" authorityYear="2022" box="[223,389,1999,2024]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Tarenna" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="comorensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFEF972B5CDD1AC8FE076F87" box="[223,389,1999,2024]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">P. comorensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27C57AAFFEF972B5D931AC8FE6D6F86" box="[401,495,1999,2025]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
because the material is only present in P and one of the three sheaths is a
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8436C3FFEE972A5CBF1C0EFCE16928" blockId="41.[189,1399,265,327]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
mixture of material (the second specimen belongs to 
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D40FFEE972A5F141C0EFAE8694B" authority="Mouly &amp; De Block" authorityName="Mouly &amp; De Block" box="[790,1386,265,292]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Coptosperma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mitochondrioides">
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFEE972A5F141C0EFB01694C" box="[790,1155,265,291]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Coptosperma mitochondrioides</emphasis>
Mouly &amp; De Block
</taxonomicName>
). Furthermore, no flowers and only few fruits are available.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8436C3FFEE972A5CBF1C68FC316A53" blockId="41.[189,1399,367,573]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
2. The 
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D40FFEE972A5D0A1C68FE2D69E6" box="[264,431,367,393]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Paracephaelis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFEE972A5D0A1C68FE2D69E6" box="[264,431,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Paracephaelis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens from the 
<collectingCountry id="F32C7653FFEE972A5E9E1C68FCD169E6" box="[668,851,367,393]" name="Comoros" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Comoro Islands</collectingCountry>
have historically been placed with 
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D40FFEE972A58E01C77FAF769E6" box="[1250,1397,367,393]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Paracephaelis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="trichantha">
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFEE972A58E01C77FAF769E6" box="[1250,1397,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">P. trichantha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(usually as 
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D40FFEE972A5D3E1C93FD9B69C2" box="[316,537,403,429]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Tarenna" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="trichantha">
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFEE972A5D3E1C93FD9B69C2" box="[316,537,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Tarenna trichantha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B32FFEE972A5E2A1C94FD4569C2" author="Fosberg F. R." box="[552,711,403,429]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="347 - 362" refId="ref67843" refString="Fosberg F. R. 1979. The woody Rubiaceae of Aldabra Island (Indian Ocean). Phytologia 41: 347 - 362." type="journal article" year="1979">Fosberg 1979</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B32FFEE972A5ED01C94FB8269C2" author="Fosberg F. R. &amp; Renvoize S. A." box="[722,1024,403,429]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" refId="ref67868" refString="Fosberg F. R. &amp; Renvoize S. A. 1980. The Flora of Aldabra and Neighbouring Islands. H. M. S. O., London." type="book" year="1980">Fosberg &amp; Renvoize 1980</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B32FFEE972A58091C94FB2B69C2" author="Bridson D. M." box="[1035,1193,403,429]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="377 - 402" refId="ref65586" refString="Bridson D. M. 1979. Studies in Tarenna sensu lato (Rubiaceae subfam. Cinchonoideae) for part 2 of ' Flora of Tropical East Africa: Rubiaceae'. Kew Bulletin 34: 377 - 402. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 4110002" type="journal article" year="1979">Bridson 1979</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B32FFEE972A58B11C94FB7269C2" author="Bridson D. M." box="[1203,1264,403,429]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="584 - 603" refId="ref65635" refString="Bridson D. M. 1988. Tarenna. In: Bridson D. M. &amp; Verdcourt B. (eds) Flora of East Tropical Africa, Rubiaceae, Part 2: 584 - 603." type="book chapter" year="1988">1988</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B32FFEE972A58F81C94FABB69C2" author="Bridson D. M." box="[1274,1337,403,429]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="619 - 621" refId="ref65673" refString="Bridson D. M. 2003. Paracephaelis Baill. In: Bridson D. M. &amp; Verdcourt B. (eds) Flora Zambesiaca, Rubiaceae, Part 3: 619 - 621." type="book chapter" year="2003">2003</bibRefCitation>
). The material from the 
<collectingCountry id="F32C7653FFEE972A5D8C1CB0FE7869BE" box="[398,506,439,465]" name="Comoros" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Comoros</collectingCountry>
is similar to 
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D40FFEE972A5E8D1CB0FCA769BE" box="[655,805,439,465]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Tarenna" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="trichantha">
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFEE972A5E8D1CB0FCA769BE" box="[655,805,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">P. trichantha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the densely pubescent, compact inflorescences, the small corolla and calyx, and similar to its glabrous form as regards the pubescence of the vegetative parts. But there are many differences, such as larger, less coriaceous leaves with acuminate tip and longer stipular awns, corolla tubes, corolla lobes, anthers and filaments.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8436C3FFEE972A5CBF1F62FD356ACD" blockId="41.[189,1398,612,675]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
3. In 
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFEE972A5CF81F63FEFA6A10" box="[250,376,612,639]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Mouly 554</emphasis>
, the dense pubescence on the outer surface of the corolla lobes is restricted to the basal halves while the upper halves are glabrous.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8436C3FFEE972A5CBF1FCDFD5C6B3F" blockId="41.[188,1399,714,849]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
4. This species was recognized as new by several botanists who annotated specimens in the P herbarium. Boivin annotated 
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFEE972A5D871FE8FD926B67" box="[389,528,750,776]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Boivin 3179</emphasis>
as ” 
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFEE972A5E401FE8FC0A6B67" box="[578,904,751,776]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Lamprospermum comorense</emphasis>
” and Baillon labeled 
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFEE972A587F1FE8FB6C6B67" box="[1149,1262,751,776]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Boivin s.n</emphasis>
. and 
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFEE972A592B1FE8FF7A6B43" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Boivin 3180</emphasis>
as “ 
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D40FFEE972A5D281E14FD976B43" authorityName="Block" authorityYear="2022" box="[298,533,787,812]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Tarenna" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="comorensis">
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFEE972A5D281E14FD976B43" box="[298,533,787,812]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Tarenna comorensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
”. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B32FFEE972A5E2D1E15FD696B43" author="Homolle A. M." box="[559,747,786,812]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="605 - 609" refId="ref68879" refString="Homolle A. M. 1938. Les genres Tarenna, Enterospermum, Santalina (Rubiacees) a Madagascar. Bulletin de la Societe botanique de France 85: 605 - 609. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00378941.1938.10834138" type="journal article" year="1938">Homolle (1938)</bibRefCitation>
used the name “ 
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFEE972A5FA81E14FB6B6B43" box="[938,1257,787,812]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Enterospermum comorense</emphasis>
” to indicate this species. All these names are nomina nuda.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8436C3FFEE972A5CBF1E7FFB226D72" blockId="41.[188,1399,888,1309]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
5. 
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D40FFEE972A5CDB1E7FFD8C6BFD" authority="Block, 2022" authorityName="De Block" authorityYear="2022" box="[217,526,888,914]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Paracephaelis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="comorensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFEE972A5CDB1E7FFD8C6BFD" box="[217,526,888,914]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Paracephaelis comorensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27C57AAFFEE972A5E111E7EFDEF6BFC" box="[531,621,889,915]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
strongly resembles 
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D40FFEE972A5F571E7EFC4A6BFD" baseAuthorityName="Bojer" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[853,968,889,914]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Pavetta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cinerea">
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFEE972A5F571E7EFC4A6BFD" box="[853,968,889,914]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">P. cinerea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in flower and fruit morphology. This is also the case for 
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D40FFEE972A5D951E9AFDAF6BD9" box="[407,557,924,950]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Tarenna" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="trichantha">
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFEE972A5D951E9AFDAF6BD9" box="[407,557,924,950]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">P. trichantha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, even though in this species the flowers are markedly smaller than in the two other species. In an early stage of the revision process, the author regarded the three species as too morphologically similar to distinguish them at species level. After thorough revision of all 
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D40FFEE972A58CE1EE3FAF76B91" box="[1228,1397,996,1022]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Paracephaelis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFEE972A58CE1EE3FAF76B91" box="[1228,1397,996,1022]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Paracephaelis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
material to evaluate the morphological differences between and within species and taking into account that 1) the three taxa 
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D40FFEE972A5D7F192CFD9E6C29" box="[381,540,1067,1094]" form="separate" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" rank="form">form separate</taxonomicName>
geographic entities that are unlikely to have the opportunity to interbreed, with 
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D40FFEE972A5CFA1957FE1A6C06" authority="Block, 2022" authorityName="De Block" authorityYear="2022" box="[248,408,1104,1129]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Paracephaelis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="comorensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFEE972A5CFA1957FE1A6C06" box="[248,408,1104,1129]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">P. comorensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27C57AAFFEE972A5D9C1957FE756C05" box="[414,503,1104,1130]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
restricted to the 
<collectingCountry id="F32C7653FFEE972A5EBA1948FCF76C06" box="[696,885,1103,1129]" name="Comoros" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Comoro Islands</collectingCountry>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D40FFEE972A5F821957FB946C06" box="[896,1046,1103,1129]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Tarenna" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="trichantha">
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFEE972A5F821957FB946C06" box="[896,1046,1103,1129]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">P. trichantha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to the 
<collectingCountry id="F32C7653FFEE972A58671948FB606C06" box="[1125,1250,1103,1129]" name="Seychelles" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Seychelles</collectingCountry>
and the East African coast and 
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D40FFEE972A5D941973FD896CE2" baseAuthorityName="Bojer" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[406,523,1140,1165]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Pavetta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cinerea">
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFEE972A5D941973FD896CE2" box="[406,523,1140,1165]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">P. cinerea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to 
<collectingCountry id="F32C7653FFEE972A5E331974FD436CE2" box="[561,705,1139,1165]" name="Madagascar" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, 2) the morphological differences between the taxa, and 3) the fact that two taxa already had existing species names, it was decided to recognize them at specific level. The above described process resulted in the annotation of specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D40FFEE972A586C19BBFA936CBA" authority="Block, 2022" authorityName="De Block" authorityYear="2022" box="[1134,1297,1212,1237]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Paracephaelis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="comorensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFEE972A586C19BBFA936CBA" box="[1134,1297,1212,1237]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">P. comorensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27C57AAFFEE972A591919BCFAF56CBA" box="[1307,1399,1211,1237]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
as “ 
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D40FFEE972A5CE819D8FD506C96" box="[234,722,1247,1273]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Paracephaelis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="cinerea" subSpecies="comorensis">
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFEE972A5CE819D8FE716C96" box="[234,499,1247,1273]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Paracephaelis cinerea</emphasis>
subsp. 
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFEE972A5E4C19E7FD506C96" box="[590,722,1248,1273]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">comorensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
”, a name which was never published. Unfortunately, this nomen nudum was picked up in 
<emphasis id="B94FEAD1FFEE972A5E381804FC166D73" box="[570,916,1283,1309]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
La Flore Illustrée de 
<collectingCountry id="F32C7653FFEE972A5F361804FC166D73" box="[820,916,1283,1308]" name="Mayotte" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Mayotte</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B32FFEE972A5FA11804FB116D72" author="Barthelat F." box="[931,1171,1282,1309]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" refId="ref65174" refString="Barthelat F. 2019. La Flore illustree de Mayotte. Biotope Editions, Meze; Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris." type="book" year="2019">Barthelat 2019: 527</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>