320 lines
36 KiB
XML
320 lines
36 KiB
XML
<document id="A0743133A104A1983D7B909F7EFB23BB" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.180883" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1ee405b6-83e1-4586-8ad0-5d36a840e026" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="180883" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459818752024" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Arnold, Nicholas & Bour, Roger" docDate="2008" docId="03926D37795AFFE95580224BFB7D9CFB" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01705p050.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1705" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Leiolopisma ceciliae Arnold & Bour, 2008, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="45" masterDocId="FFAB154F7959FFEC55172161FFBF9B1C" masterDocTitle="A new Nactus gecko (Gekkonidae) and a new Leiolopisma skink (Scincidae) from La Réunion, Indian Ocean, based on recent fossil remains and ancient DNA sequence" masterLastPageNumber="50" masterPageNumber="40" pageNumber="43" updateTime="1698221684583" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="74085774E421941AC2F20947180894C9" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="527879DCAA7D4DE1A0D14BB836E2F6EC">
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<mods:title id="1B455FEDF223B14A4FE1A27DE7F198AE">A new Nactus gecko (Gekkonidae) and a new Leiolopisma skink (Scincidae) from La Réunion, Indian Ocean, based on recent fossil remains and ancient DNA sequence</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="4FDB073C51F81AF204F6F59DD1B0361A" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="9612CD2CAFC5CE33441DC986679894EC">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="C87E7A4751674F945DA332714F767FCF">Arnold, Nicholas</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="D8F55E89E822A752A7BEC7E1393E6295" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="ED27F390FD2B850B5CD77DC62F44DBDD">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="698B2C03198316406682178C000947A0">Bour, Roger</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="E2D5FBF93B3C054EC9CCD06FA79A4AC8">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="977E9A44F5D504A6F16062C1BD016859">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="77D1825E02B409EC5A080287B8FE993D">
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<mods:date id="06CD8F4D9A3F1BE3041105516EF5899C">2008</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="7A7AF10BFDF0BB1C87E3387D33BF3EF4" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="6568EAF61756D122E701D9E5E0D90B4E">1705</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="592071B445CD7F6E317BEA970FB08141">40</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="1449273B55B0C346B16D5772270E4756">50</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="5BB32621D08587B4A90C5C2A8DB8B1B0">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="FF6A8F8BF4EF33BBA7C1429176D160DF" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.180883</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="8A95B8F4F2C3F3585A81DAFFACA1B3EF" type="GBIF-Dataset">1ee405b6-83e1-4586-8ad0-5d36a840e026</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="C1E701D2BCA4559C97457F39ADE8EB28" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="287D283D6E5421A72DFC6788EAFD644A" type="Zenodo-Dep">180883</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03926D37795AFFE95580224BFB7D9CFB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6228593" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119355280" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6228593" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03926D37795AFFE95580224BFB7D9CFB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03926D37795AFFE95580224BFB7D9CFB" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">
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<subSubSection id="C3218FAA795AFFEF5580224BFE689858" box="[151,471,810,836]" pageId="3" pageNumber="43" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B84DC21795AFFEF5580224BFE689858" blockId="3.[151,471,810,836]" box="[151,471,810,836]" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">
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<heading id="D0CC6B4D795AFFEF5580224BFE689858" bold="true" box="[151,471,810,836]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="43" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B94F0033795AFFEF5580224BFE689858" bold="true" box="[151,471,810,836]" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3BA7A2795AFFEF5580224BFE329858" box="[151,397,810,836]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Leiolopisma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ceciliae" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B94F0033795AFFEF5580224BFE329858" bold="true" box="[151,397,810,836]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">Leiolopisma ceciliae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27CBD48795AFFEF5483224BFE689858" box="[404,471,810,836]" pageId="3" pageNumber="43" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3218FAA795AFFEF55802214FBAB9F1B" pageId="3" pageNumber="43" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8B84DC21795AFFEF55802214FBAB9F1B" blockId="3.[151,1437,885,1991]" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">
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<emphasis id="B94F0033795AFFEF55802214FE9C9893" bold="true" box="[151,291,885,911]" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">Etymology.</emphasis>
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Named after Cécile Mourer-Chauviré, celebrated specialist on fossil birds, who took part in excavations for subfossil remains on
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<collectingCountry id="F32C9CB1795AFFEF570422FCFD2398AB" box="[531,668,925,951]" name="Réunion" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">La Réunion</collectingCountry>
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between
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<date id="FF85FAE1795AFFEF561B22FCFC1798AB" box="[780,936,925,951]" pageId="3" pageNumber="43" value="1987" valueMax="2001">1987 to 2001</date>
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, identifying half a dozen of new species of birds. She also proposed the hypothesis of a ‘great extinction’ on the island, associated with cataclysmic volcanic eruptions, 180,000–230,000 years ago (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAAA1D0795AFFEF57BD228CFBB89F1B" author="Mourer-Chauvire" box="[682,1031,1005,1031]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" refString="Mourer-Chauvire, C., Bour, R., Ribes, S. & Moutou, F. (1999) The avifauna of Reunion Island (Mascarene Islands) at the time of the arrival of the first Europeans. In Olson, S. L. (ed.) Avian paleontology at the close of the 20 th century: Proceedings of the 4 th International Meeting of the Society of Avian Paleontology and Evolution, Washington, D. C., 4 - 7 June 1996. Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology, 89,1 - 38." type="journal article" year="1999">Mourer-Chauviré et al., 1999</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3218FAA795AFFEF55D12574FBBE9F33" box="[198,1025,1045,1071]" pageId="3" pageNumber="43" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8B84DC21795AFFEF55D12574FBBE9F33" blockId="3.[151,1437,885,1991]" box="[198,1025,1045,1071]" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">
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<emphasis id="B94F0033795AFFEF55D12574FED89F33" bold="true" box="[198,359,1045,1071]" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Known only from
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<collectingCountry id="F32C9CB1795AFFEF57502574FD6C9F33" box="[583,723,1045,1071]" name="Réunion" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">La Réunion</collectingCountry>
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, southwest Indian Ocean.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3218FAA795AFFEF55D1255CFCC09D43" pageId="3" pageNumber="43" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B84DC21795AFFEF55D1255CFD9E9E73" blockId="3.[151,1437,885,1991]" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">
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<emphasis id="B94F0033795AFFEF55D1255CFE8B9F4B" bold="true" box="[198,308,1085,1111]" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">Material</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="1300C0A4795AFFEF5452255CFE0C9F4B" box="[325,435,1085,1111]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 4" captionStart-1="FIGURE 5" captionStart-2="FIGURE 6" captionStartId-0="7.[151,255,740,764]" captionStartId-1="7.[151,255,1624,1648]" captionStartId-2="8.[151,255,1299,1323]" captionTargetBox-0="[264,1322,188,723]" captionTargetBox-1="[264,1322,837,1608]" captionTargetBox-2="[264,1323,186,1274]" captionTargetId-0="figure@7.[264,1323,188,724]" captionTargetId-1="figure@7.[264,1323,815,1609]" captionTargetId-2="figure@8.[264,1323,186,1274]" captionTargetPageId-0="7" captionTargetPageId-1="7" captionTargetPageId-2="8" captionText-0="FIGURE 4. Leiolopisma ceciliae n. sp., material from Grotte au Sable, St-Gilles, La Réunion. Holotype. Dentary (lateral and medial views). Scale in mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 5. Leiolopisma ceciliae n. sp., material from Grotte au Sable, St-Gilles, La Réunion. Selected paratypes, from individuals of various sizes. Top row: left mandible (lateral view), right maxilla (lateral view), fused left postfrontal and postorbital bone (dorsal view), left quadrate (posterior view). Middle row: right dentary (medial view), posterior left mandible (lateral view). Bottom row: Left humerus, left pelvis (lateral view), sacrum (dorsal view), presacral vertebrae (lateral and ventral views), right femur, tibia. Scale in mm." captionText-2="FIGURE 6. Leiolopisma ceciliae n. sp., material from Grotte au Sable, St-Gilles, La Réunion. Paratype. Frontal of juvenile animal (ventral and dorsal views, anterior upwards). Scale in mm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/180888/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/180889/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/180890/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">Figs 4–6</figureCitation>
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).
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<typeStatus id="54806283795AFFEF54DD255CFD839F4B" box="[458,572,1085,1111]" pageId="3" pageNumber="43" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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: Grotte au Sable, St-Gilles,
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<collectingCountry id="F32C9CB1795AFFEF569A255CFBA29F4B" box="[909,1053,1085,1111]" name="Réunion" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">La Réunion</collectingCountry>
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; right dentary;
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<collectionCode id="ED2A44E4795AFFEF51C1255CFA919F4B" box="[1238,1326,1085,1111]" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">BMNH</collectionCode>
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R16538.
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<typeStatus id="54806283795AFFEF55802504FEB19F63" box="[151,270,1125,1151]" pageId="3" pageNumber="43" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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: Grotte au Sable, St-Gilles,
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<collectingCountry id="F32C9CB1795AFFEF57762504FD4E9F63" box="[609,753,1125,1151]" name="Réunion" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">La Réunion</collectingCountry>
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;
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<specimenCount id="9D3D17A8795AFFEF57E82504FCC99F63" box="[767,886,1125,1151]" pageId="3" pageNumber="43" type="juvenile">1 juvenile</specimenCount>
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frontal, 1 fused postorbital and postfrontal, 2 right maxillae*, 2 quadrates*, 1 left pterygoid, 4 left and 5 right dentaries*, 2 right posterior mandibles*, 6 presacral vertebrae*, 3 left and 3 right humeri*, 1 sacrum, 2 left and 3 right pelves*, 1 left and 1 right femora*, 1 right tibia;
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<collectionCode id="ED2A44E4795AFFEF546625BCFE769FEB" box="[369,457,1245,1271]" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">BMNH</collectionCode>
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R16539-16564. Grottes des Premiers Français, St-Paul,
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<collectingCountry id="F32C9CB1795AFFEF517225BCFB509FEB" box="[1125,1263,1245,1271]" name="Réunion" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">La Réunion</collectingCountry>
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; 1 right quadrate, 1 right posterior mandible, 1 right humerus;
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<collectionCode id="ED2A44E4795AFFEF57E42464FCF49E03" box="[755,843,1285,1311]" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">BMNH</collectionCode>
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16565-16567. Cave near St-Paul,
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<collectingCountry id="F32C9CB1795AFFEF51F92464FAC09E03" box="[1262,1407,1285,1311]" name="Réunion" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">La Réunion</collectingCountry>
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; 1 right dentary, 1 partial right humerus, 1 right tibia;
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<collectionCode id="ED2A44E4795AFFEF5617244CFCE79E5B" box="[768,856,1325,1351]" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">BMNH</collectionCode>
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1977.881-883 (material previously reported and tibia illustrated by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAAA1D0795AFFEF54642434FDAB9E73" author="Arnold" box="[371,532,1365,1391]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" refString="Arnold, E. N. (1980) Recently extinct reptile populations from Mauritius and Reunion, Indian Ocean. Journal of Zoology, London, 191, 33 - 47." type="journal article" year="1980">Arnold, 1980</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B84DC21795AFFEF55D1241CFB149EFB" blockId="3.[151,1437,885,1991]" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">
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Most
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<typeStatus id="54806283795AFFEF541D241CFED09E8B" box="[266,367,1405,1431]" pageId="3" pageNumber="43" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
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material of
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<taxonomicName id="4C3BA7A2795AFFEF54E8241CFD4D9E8A" box="[511,754,1405,1430]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Leiolopisma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ceciliae">
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<emphasis id="B94F0033795AFFEF54E8241CFD4D9E8A" box="[511,754,1405,1430]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">Leiolopisma ceciliae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is deposited in the reptile collection of the Department of Palaeontology, Natural History Museum, London. An asterisk indicates that examples of the elements concerned have also been placed in the Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle, St-Denis,
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<collectingCountry id="F32C9CB1795AFFEF510E24ACFB199EFB" box="[1049,1190,1485,1511]" name="Réunion" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">La Réunion</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B84DC21795AFFEF55D12494FCC09D43" blockId="3.[151,1437,885,1991]" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">
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<collectionCode id="ED2A44E4795AFFEF55D12494FEB99D13" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15536" box="[198,262,1525,1551]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15536" name="Department of Natural Resources, Environment, The Arts and Sport" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">DNA</collectionCode>
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sequence. Grotte au Sable, St-Gilles,
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<collectingCountry id="F32C9CB1795AFFEF57A82494FCF39D13" box="[703,844,1525,1551]" name="Réunion" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">La Réunion</collectingCountry>
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. 683 bp of mitochondrial
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<collectionCode id="ED2A44E4795AFFEF516F2494FB079D13" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15536" box="[1144,1208,1525,1551]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15536" name="Department of Natural Resources, Environment, The Arts and Sport" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">DNA</collectionCode>
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sequence extracted from a left dentary, comprising 307 bp of cytochrome b and 376 bp of 12S rRNA genes (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAAA1D0795AFFEF51A0277CFCCD9D43" author="Austin" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" refString="Austin, J. J. & Arnold, E. N. (2006) Using ancient and recent DNA to explore relationships of extinct and endangered Leiolopisma skinks (Reptilia: Scincidae) in the Mascarene islands. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 39, 503 - 511." type="journal article" year="2006">
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Austin and Arnold, 2006—GenBank accession numbers:
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<accessionNumber id="946841C2795AFFEF57462724FD649D43" box="[593,731,1605,1631]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/AY818748" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">AY 818748</accessionNumber>
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,
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<accessionNumber id="946841C2795AFFEF57F12724FCCD9D43" box="[742,882,1605,1631]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/AY818818" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">AY 818818</accessionNumber>
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</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3218FAA795AFFEF55D1270CFBFD9CDB" pageId="3" pageNumber="43" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8B84DC21795AFFEF55D1270CFDBB9C6B" blockId="3.[151,1437,885,1991]" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">
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<emphasis id="B94F0033795AFFEF55D1270CFE809D9B" bold="true" box="[198,319,1645,1671]" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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. A
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<taxonomicName id="4C3BA7A2795AFFEF547D270CFE449D9A" box="[362,507,1645,1670]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Leiolopisma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94F0033795AFFEF547D270CFE449D9A" box="[362,507,1645,1670]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">Leiolopisma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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intermediate in adult size and robustness between the two Mauritian species of the genus,
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<taxonomicName id="4C3BA7A2795AFFEF540E27F4FE2D9DB2" box="[281,402,1685,1710]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Leiolopisma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="telfairii">
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<emphasis id="B94F0033795AFFEF540E27F4FE2D9DB2" box="[281,402,1685,1710]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">L. telfairii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and the giant
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<taxonomicName id="4C3BA7A2795AFFEF572827F4FD5D9DB2" box="[575,738,1685,1710]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Leiolopisma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mauritiana">
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<emphasis id="B94F0033795AFFEF572827F4FD5D9DB2" box="[575,738,1685,1710]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">L. mauritiana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Most similar to
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<taxonomicName id="4C3BA7A2795AFFEF56A527F4FB949DB2" box="[946,1067,1685,1710]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Leiolopisma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="telfairii">
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<emphasis id="B94F0033795AFFEF56A527F4FB949DB2" box="[946,1067,1685,1710]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">L. telfairii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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but differs in larger maximum size, coarser dentition, frontal bone narrower anteriorly at least in young animals, the fused postorbital and postfrontal bones with shorter posterior section and less prominent lateral spur, and quadrate more expanded lateromedially.
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<taxonomicName id="4C3BA7A2795AFFEF5446266CFE499C3A" box="[337,502,1805,1830]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Leiolopisma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mauritiana">
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<emphasis id="B94F0033795AFFEF5446266CFE499C3A" box="[337,502,1805,1830]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">L. mauritiana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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grows much larger than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3BA7A2795AFFEF5627266CFC119C3A" box="[816,942,1805,1830]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Leiolopisma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ceciliae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94F0033795AFFEF5627266CFC119C3A" box="[816,942,1805,1830]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">L. ceciliae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and has coarser dentition.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3BA7A2795AFFEF51E9266CFAC39C3A" box="[1278,1404,1805,1830]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Leiolopisma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ceciliae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94F0033795AFFEF51E9266CFAC39C3A" box="[1278,1404,1805,1830]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">L. ceciliae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is also separated from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3BA7A2795AFFEF54942654FE459C52" box="[387,506,1845,1870]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Leiolopisma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="telfairii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94F0033795AFFEF54942654FE459C52" box="[387,506,1845,1870]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">L. telfairii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3BA7A2795AFFEF57252654FD6C9C52" box="[562,723,1845,1870]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Leiolopisma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mauritiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94F0033795AFFEF57252654FD6C9C52" box="[562,723,1845,1870]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">L. mauritiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by distinctive mitochondrial DNA sequence (12S rRNA and cytochrome b gene fragments).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B84DC21795AFFEF55D126E4FBFD9CDB" blockId="3.[151,1437,885,1991]" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">
|
||
Fossil remains distinguished from those of the sympatric skink
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3BA7A2795AFFEF56D326E4FACA9C82" box="[964,1397,1925,1950]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Gongylomorphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="bojerii" subSpecies="borbonicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94F0033795AFFEF56D326E4FACA9C82" box="[964,1397,1925,1950]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">Gongylomorphus bojerii borbonicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by larger size, fused frontal bones and absence of a Meckel’s groove in the dentary.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF448CA9795DFFE85580262AFADF9C99" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/180885/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="44" targetBox="[264,1322,194,1842]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B84DC21795DFFE85580262AFADF9C99" blockId="4.[151,1436,1867,1925]" pageId="4" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94F0033795DFFE85580262AFEEE9C7F" bold="true" box="[151,337,1867,1891]" pageId="4" pageNumber="44">FIGURE 2a, 2b.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3BA7A2795DFFE8544E262DFE4F9C7F" box="[345,496,1868,1891]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Nactus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="soniae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94F0033795DFFE8544E262DFE4F9C7F" box="[345,496,1868,1891]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="44">Nactus soniae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27CBD48795DFFE854E0262AFD8C9C7F" box="[503,563,1867,1891]" pageId="4" pageNumber="44" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94F0033795DFFE854E0262AFD8C9C7F" bold="true" box="[503,563,1867,1891]" pageId="4" pageNumber="44">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, material from Grotte au Sable, St-Gilles, La Réunion. a. Holotype. Frontal bone (dorsal and ventral views). Scale in mm. b. Paratypes. Left maxilla and right dentary (lateral views). Scales in mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF448CA9795CFFE955802295FDD59F32" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/180886/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="45" targetBox="[264,1323,179,987]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B84DC21795CFFE955802295FDD59F32" blockId="5.[151,1436,1012,1070]" pageId="5" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94F0033795CFFE955802295FEA59F10" bold="true" box="[151,282,1012,1036]" pageId="5" pageNumber="45">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3BA7A2795CFFE954352294FE069F10" box="[290,441,1013,1036]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Nactus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="soniae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94F0033795CFFE954352294FE069F10" box="[290,441,1013,1036]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="45">Nactus soniae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27CBD48795CFFE954D52295FE409F10" box="[450,511,1012,1036]" pageId="5" pageNumber="45" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94F0033795CFFE954D52295FE409F10" bold="true" box="[450,511,1012,1036]" pageId="5" pageNumber="45">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, material from Grotte au Sable, St-Gilles, La Réunion. c. Paratypes. Left maxilla and right dentary (medial views). Scales in mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3218FAA795CFFE955D1253DFB7D9CFB" pageId="5" pageNumber="45" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B84DC21795CFFE955D1253DFC589D1B" blockId="5.[151,1437,1116,2023]" pageId="5" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94F0033795CFFE955D1253DFEE19F6A" bold="true" box="[198,350,1116,1142]" pageId="5" pageNumber="45">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Available material is fragmentary, but seven cranial and six postcranial elements are represented. Comparison with material of living
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3BA7A2795CFFE957A325E4FC9C9F82" box="[692,803,1157,1182]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Leiolopisma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="telfairii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94F0033795CFFE957A325E4FC9C9F82" box="[692,803,1157,1182]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="45">L.telfairii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
indicates a maximum snout-vent length of at least
|
||
<quantity id="4CC371C4795CFFE9558025CCFF4B9FDB" box="[151,244,1197,1223]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" pageId="5" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="175.0">175mm</quantity>
|
||
. Frontal bones fused from an early stage of development as in other lygosomine skinks, narrower anteriorly than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3BA7A2795CFFE9547D25B4FE5D9FF2" box="[362,482,1237,1262]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Leiolopisma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="telfairii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94F0033795CFFE9547D25B4FE5D9FF2" box="[362,482,1237,1262]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="45">L. telfairii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at least in young animals. Fused postfrontal and postorbital bones with a shorter posterior section than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3BA7A2795CFFE954A9259CFD899E0A" box="[446,566,1277,1302]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Leiolopisma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="telfairii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94F0033795CFFE954A9259CFD899E0A" box="[446,566,1277,1302]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="45">L. telfairii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and with a less prominent lateral spur that is less obviously directed forwards. Dentaries with a closed Meckel’s groove and sometimes more robust than in equivalent sized
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3BA7A2795CFFE95580242CFEB09E7A" box="[151,271,1357,1382]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Leiolopisma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="telfairii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94F0033795CFFE95580242CFEB09E7A" box="[151,271,1357,1382]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="45">L. telfairii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from mainland of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32C9CB1795CFFE954F8242CFDDE9E7B" box="[495,609,1357,1383]" name="Mauritius" pageId="5" pageNumber="45">Mauritius</collectingCountry>
|
||
(described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAA1D0795CFFE95606242CFC0D9E7B" author="Arnold" box="[785,946,1357,1383]" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" refString="Arnold, E. N. (1980) Recently extinct reptile populations from Mauritius and Reunion, Indian Ocean. Journal of Zoology, London, 191, 33 - 47." type="journal article" year="1980">Arnold, 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but less so than in
|
||
<emphasis id="B94F0033795CFFE951B1242CFAED9E7A" box="[1190,1362,1357,1382]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3BA7A2795CFFE951B1242CFAF39E7A" box="[1190,1356,1357,1382]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Leiolopisma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mauritiana">L. mauritiana</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
about six foramina in a horizontal line on anterior lateral surface. Dentition of maxillae and dentary bones coarser than in equivalent-sized
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3BA7A2795CFFE954A824FCFD869EAA" box="[447,569,1437,1462]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Leiolopisma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="telfairii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94F0033795CFFE954A824FCFD869EAA" box="[447,569,1437,1462]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="45">L. telfairii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and finer than in
|
||
<emphasis id="B94F0033795CFFE9560124FCFC7B9EAA" box="[790,964,1437,1462]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3BA7A2795CFFE9560124FCFC019EAA" box="[790,958,1437,1462]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Leiolopisma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mauritiana">L. mauritiana</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
this is reflected in differences in tooth number for animals of similar size (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1300C0A4795CFFE9572A24A4FD3C9EC3" box="[573,643,1477,1503]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1876,1900]" captionTargetBox="[294,1297,185,1833]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[264,1323,170,1844]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Variation in number of teeth with size of maxillae (above) and dentary bones (below) in different species of the Mascarene skink genus Leiolopisma. Stars: L. ceciliae n. sp. from La Réunion. Assemblage to left: L. telfairii from Mauritius (triangles: living animals from Round Island, dots: subfossil material from mainland of Mauritius). Assemblage to right: subfossil L. mauritiana from mainland of Mauritius. Some symbols indicate more than one specimen." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/180891/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="45">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
) and in robustness of the teeth. Quadrate more expanded lateromedially than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3BA7A2795CFFE9542E248CFE0F9D1A" box="[313,432,1517,1542]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Leiolopisma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="telfairii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94F0033795CFFE9542E248CFE0F9D1A" box="[313,432,1517,1542]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="45">L. telfairii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and tibia with a more prominent lower tubercle.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B84DC21795CFFE955D12775FE0E9D63" blockId="5.[151,1437,1116,2023]" pageId="5" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94F0033795CFFE955D12775FD9D9D32" bold="true" box="[198,546,1556,1582]" pageId="5" pageNumber="45">
|
||
Distinctive features of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54806283795CFFE954F22775FDA29D32" box="[485,541,1556,1582]" pageId="5" pageNumber="45">type</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Robust dentary originally with 25 teeth (numbers 2,3,4,9,14 and 22 missing), the last three teeth decreasing in size; a roughly horizontal line of six foramina present on the anterior lateral surface of the bone.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B84DC21795CFFE955D127EDFA239DEB" blockId="5.[151,1437,1116,2023]" pageId="5" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94F0033795CFFE955D127EDFE389DBA" bold="true" box="[198,391,1676,1702]" pageId="5" pageNumber="45">DNA sequence.</emphasis>
|
||
DNA of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3BA7A2795CFFE954EB27ECFDC79DBA" box="[508,632,1677,1702]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Leiolopisma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ceciliae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94F0033795CFFE954EB27ECFDC79DBA" box="[508,632,1677,1702]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="45">L. ceciliae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from equivalent regions of the genome of living
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3BA7A2795CFFE9503427ECFA239DBA" box="[1315,1436,1677,1702]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Leiolopisma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="telfairii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94F0033795CFFE9503427ECFA239DBA" box="[1315,1436,1677,1702]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="45">L. telfairii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Round island, north of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32C9CB1795CFFE954FA27D4FDDD9DD3" box="[493,610,1717,1743]" name="Mauritius" pageId="5" pageNumber="45">Mauritius</collectingCountry>
|
||
, in 39 nucleotide substitutions (5.7% of uncorrected divergence), and from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3BA7A2795CFFE955C127BCFEC89DEA" box="[214,375,1757,1782]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Leiolopisma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mauritiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94F0033795CFFE955C127BCFEC89DEA" box="[214,375,1757,1782]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="45">L. mauritiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by 29 nucleotide substitutions (4.2% uncorrected divergence) –
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAA1D0795CFFE9517027BCFA269DEB" author="Austin" box="[1127,1433,1757,1783]" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" refString="Austin, J. J. & Arnold, E. N. (2006) Using ancient and recent DNA to explore relationships of extinct and endangered Leiolopisma skinks (Reptilia: Scincidae) in the Mascarene islands. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 39, 503 - 511." type="journal article" year="2006">Austin and Arnold (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B84DC21795CFFE955D12665FB7D9CFB" blockId="5.[151,1437,1116,2023]" pageId="5" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94F0033795CFFE955D12665FEC89C02" bold="true" box="[198,375,1796,1822]" pageId="5" pageNumber="45">Relationships.</emphasis>
|
||
A phylogeny of 42 species of skinks based on mitochondrial DNA associates
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3BA7A2795CFFE950372664FA239C02" box="[1312,1436,1797,1822]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Leiolopisma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ceciliae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94F0033795CFFE950372664FA239C02" box="[1312,1436,1797,1822]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="45">L. ceciliae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with the other two species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3BA7A2795CFFE954EA264CFD319C5A" box="[509,654,1837,1862]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Leiolopisma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94F0033795CFFE954EA264CFD319C5A" box="[509,654,1837,1862]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="45">Leiolopisma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, corroborating the clade status of this genus (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAA1D0795CFFE951A3264CFF689C73" author="Austin" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" refString="Austin, J. J. & Arnold, E. N. (2006) Using ancient and recent DNA to explore relationships of extinct and endangered Leiolopisma skinks (Reptilia: Scincidae) in the Mascarene islands. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 39, 503 - 511." type="journal article" year="2006">Austin and Arnold, 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). DNA sequence confirms that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3BA7A2795CFFE957502634FD679C72" box="[583,728,1877,1902]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Leiolopisma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94F0033795CFFE957502634FD679C72" box="[583,728,1877,1902]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="45">Leiolopisma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is part of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3BA7A2795CFFE9566C2634FBA39C73" box="[891,1052,1877,1903]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Lygosominae">Lygosominae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, something also supported by its fused frontal bones, and within this subfamily belongs to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3BA7A2795CFFE9566B261CFBB99C8A" box="[892,1030,1917,1942]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Eugongylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94F0033795CFFE9566B261CFBB99C8A" box="[892,1030,1917,1942]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="45">Eugongylus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group of genera. It also indicates that, of the two Mauritian species in the genus,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3BA7A2795CFFE957D626C4FC859CA2" box="[705,826,1957,1982]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Leiolopisma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ceciliae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94F0033795CFFE957D626C4FC859CA2" box="[705,826,1957,1982]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="45">L. ceciliae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may be more closely related to the giant
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3BA7A2795CFFE9500A26C4FF7C9CFA" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Leiolopisma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mauritiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94F0033795CFFE9500A26C4FF7C9CFA" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="45">L. mauritiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, rather than to the morphologically more similar
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3BA7A2795CFFE9561226ACFB019CFB" authority="Austin and Arnold, 2006" authorityName="Austin and Arnold" authorityYear="2006" box="[773,1214,1997,2023]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Leiolopisma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="telfairii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94F0033795CFFE9561226ACFCC39CFA" box="[773,892,1997,2022]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="45">L. telfairii</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAA1D0795CFFE9569C26ACFB099CFB" author="Austin" box="[907,1206,1997,2023]" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" refString="Austin, J. J. & Arnold, E. N. (2006) Using ancient and recent DNA to explore relationships of extinct and endangered Leiolopisma skinks (Reptilia: Scincidae) in the Mascarene islands. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 39, 503 - 511." type="journal article" year="2006">Austin and Arnold, 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |