381 lines
46 KiB
XML
381 lines
46 KiB
XML
<document id="5A76B6F2B8BB7FF1CC16169E9AC9760D" ID-CLB-Dataset="7746" ID-DOI="10.5252/geodiversitas2021v43a5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e42658a2-0e15-4e90-9bc5-0d00cbcbd781" ID-ISSN="1638-9395" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4605963" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:697FC553-E37B-4EF9-97A4-950E4DEE246C" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1615828395930" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Zouhri, Samir, Gingerich, Philip D., Khalloufi, Bouziane, Bourdon, Estelle, Adnet, Sylvain, Jouve, Stéphane, Elboudali, Najia, Amane, Ayoub, Rage, Jean-Claude & Tabuce, Rodolphe" docDate="2021" docId="03923C45FF97FF903175FAACFECD14FE" docLanguage="en" docName="Geodiversitas.43.5.121-150.pdf" docOrigin="Geodiversitas 43 (5)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F830B10FF475E64C1F1601E3B32DDC00.4:Geodiversitas.2018-.journal_article" docStyleId="F830B10FF475E64C1F1601E3B32DDC00" docStyleName="Geodiversitas.2018-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Barytherium sp. Andrews 1901" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="143" masterDocId="FFAB443DFF81FF883018FFDFFF95166E" masterDocTitle="Middle Eocene vertebrate fauna from the Aridal Formation, Sabkha of Gueran, southwestern Morocco" masterLastPageNumber="150" masterPageNumber="121" pageNumber="141" updateTime="1698933443279" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="807E7884B020682C021A5C7A19D947CA">
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<mods:title id="3E519359E2F90374CF4FD66BB003F103">Middle Eocene vertebrate fauna from the Aridal Formation, Sabkha of Gueran, southwestern Morocco</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6047A20DB3650FF7710A685AAC935C45">Zouhri, Samir</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2E0A9092548BD0DE5F2FDF9528C83894">Gingerich, Philip D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="8AEC1D13A9A7028D9FCC0B3B137DC9FE">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="5661B095352B2A84213BAF888563F35C">Khalloufi, Bouziane</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="ED2F45FD6FE73F65E479AC67CA0B39B2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="5A8C8C7E512AF3960B3F7D7755F51EA2">Bourdon, Estelle</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="BD0C12F6AB652E47863FE1021F31BA8E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="21CBB52D192BEDA9400AC854E81E20B4">Adnet, Sylvain</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="19F098BD2F276ECA105329ABEFC0A4E0">Jouve, Stéphane</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="64E0E24A780C3C1136E4AF80D83E4D20">Elboudali, Najia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9322E2AC0253153271C3CF303AB324D0">Amane, Ayoub</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6B68823F4199710FF85C7153F92F545E">Rage, Jean-Claude</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3F1A3BA41F3FEB4C4EAA96A27EEE95FE">Tabuce, Rodolphe</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="654FBE8EFB07EF28AA78C7CF24ED7E62">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="4BDD9F805FFDE2DFF56515D5A594EB59">Geodiversitas</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="A8F155E087A94E66CCF42726A5B3F763">
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<mods:date id="0A4325B83CB751A1EB84C2F0F1A4082E">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="AA22E140DE80C9A17727F285BF671443">2021-03-11</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="0EEDAE38987B2D294F7A4A80F914F622" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="F41C2F269ECB47C595B7BA08BBDF100E">43</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="D44E402ECBD5B3DD8BDA98649BFDF444" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="48A8ECDC1B04A4E35298CD1146864669">5</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="25A28B61B4B12B72B18FDD409ECA40E2">121</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="B14901B0F54C2FF2B968B2DEBBA40BB7">150</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="751185969FEB3EFF419AEB7BB127A606">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="885F94538C1AC01967977CA5C68F0358" type="CLB-Dataset">7746</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="5A244AADBD280E6C5D47AB9590CB8ABB" type="DOI">10.5252/geodiversitas2021v43a5</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="E1EA703618A41529A8721485A971C060" type="GBIF-Dataset">e42658a2-0e15-4e90-9bc5-0d00cbcbd781</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="7160EDC1BB5A89E95D705B52EAD0FF91" type="ISSN">1638-9395</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="8CEA53C35F6EECBE5A687437F36213AF" type="Zenodo-Dep">4605963</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="B9002B993F6215BB4376ADDB0013E325" type="ZooBank">urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:697FC553-E37B-4EF9-97A4-950E4DEE246C</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03923C45FF97FF903175FAACFECD14FE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4606655" ID-GBIF-Taxon="180569440" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4606655" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03923C45FF97FF903175FAACFECD14FE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03923C45FF97FF903175FAACFECD14FE" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="143" pageId="22" pageNumber="141">
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<subSubSection id="C321DED8FF97FF9E3175FAACFD8A13E0" box="[365,543,1395,1422]" pageId="22" pageNumber="141" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B848D53FF97FF9E3175FAACFD8A13E0" blockId="22.[365,543,1395,1422]" box="[365,543,1395,1422]" pageId="22" pageNumber="141">
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<heading id="D0CC3A3FFF97FF9E3175FAACFD8A13E0" box="[365,543,1395,1422]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="22" pageNumber="141" reason="2">
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?
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<taxonomicName id="4C3BF6D0FF97FF9E316EFAACFE6C13E3" authorityName="Andrews" authorityYear="1901" box="[374,505,1395,1421]" class="Mammalia" family="Barytheriidae" genus="Barytherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proboscidea" pageId="22" pageNumber="141" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sp.">
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<emphasis id="B94F5141FF97FF9E316EFAACFE6C13E3" box="[374,505,1395,1421]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="141">Barytherium</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp.
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C321DED8FF97FF9E309CFA72FF7E13B0" pageId="22" pageNumber="141" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B848D53FF97FF9E309CFA72FF7E13B0" blockId="22.[131,774,1452,1502]" pageId="22" pageNumber="141">
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EXAMINED MATERIAL. —
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<materialsCitation id="3B53870EFF97FF9E316FFA73FF7E13B0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3053068304" pageId="22" pageNumber="141">FSAC Bouj-380a, 380b, and 380c, dental fragments.</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C321DED8FF97FF90309CF9CCFECD14FE" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="143" pageId="22" pageNumber="141" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8B848D53FF97FF9E309CF9CCFF7D1045" blockId="22.[130,777,1555,2028]" box="[132,232,1555,1581]" pageId="22" pageNumber="141">REMARKS</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B848D53FF97FF9E309CF9EDFC56173F" blockId="22.[130,777,1555,2028]" lastBlockId="22.[810,1458,215,2028]" pageId="22" pageNumber="141">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAAF0A2FF97FF9E309CF9EDFEC71023" author="ZOUHRI S. & GINGERICH P. D. & ADNET S. & BOURDON B. & JOUVE S. & KHALLOUFI B. & AMANE A. & ELBOUDALI N. S. & RAGE J. - C. & PARENT DE BROIN F. DE & KAOUKAYA A. & SEBTI S." box="[132,338,1586,1613]" pageId="22" pageNumber="141" pagination="310 - 318" refId="ref26520" refString="ZOUHRI S., GINGERICH P. D., ADNET S., BOURDON B., JOUVE S., KHALLOUFI B., AMANE A., ELBOUDALI N. S., RAGE J. - C., LAP- PARENT DE BROIN F. DE, KAOUKAYA A. & SEBTI S. 2018. - Middle Eocene vertebrates from the sabkha of Gueran, Atlantic coastal basin, Saharan Morocco, and their peri-African correlations, Comptes Rendus Geosciences 350: 310 - 318. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. crte. 2018.06.006" type="journal article" year="2018">
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Zouhri
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<emphasis id="B94F5141FF97FF9E30CCF9ECFE901022" box="[212,261,1586,1612]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="141">et al.</emphasis>
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(2018)
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</bibRefCitation>
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mentioned fragmentary dental remains of undetermined proboscideans in Gueran fauna (Laazri locality). Combining light and SEM microscopy, we here studied these dental fragments (FSAC Bouj-380a, 380b, and 380c) to describe the enamel microstructure and propose a systematic assignment. Following the protocol detailed in
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAAF0A2FF97FF9E3267F90DFF451162" author="TABUCE R. & SEIFFERT E. R. & GHEERBRANT E. & SEGUIER L. & KOENIGSWALD W. V." pageId="22" pageNumber="141" pagination="91 - 110" refId="ref25947" refString="TABUCE R., SEIFFERT E. R., GHEERBRANT E., ALLOING- SEGUIER L. & KOENIGSWALD W. V. 2017. - Tooth enamel microstructure of living and extinct hyracoids reveals unique enamel types among mammals. Journal of Mammalian Evolution 24 (1): 91 - 110. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10914 - 015 - 9317 - 6" type="journal article" year="2017">
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Tabuce
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<emphasis id="B94F5141FF97FF9E32CCF90CFC921082" box="[724,775,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="141">et al.</emphasis>
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(2017)
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</bibRefCitation>
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, we realized and analyzed a vertical section for the three specimens, which reveal a similar enamel microstructure. From the enamel dentine junction (EDJ) to the outer enamel surface (OES), the specimens present a one-layered Schmelzmuster [the three-dimensional arrangement of the different enamel
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<typeStatus id="548033F1FF97FF9E3123F84DFEE711C2" box="[315,370,1938,1964]" pageId="22" pageNumber="141">types</typeStatus>
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in one tooth (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAAF0A2FF97FF9E3212F84EFF2A11A5" author="KOENIGSWALD W. V. & SANDER P. M." pageId="22" pageNumber="141" pagination="259 - 266" refId="ref22455" refString="KOENIGSWALD W. V. & SANDER P. M. 1997. - Schmelzmuster differentiation in leading and trailing edges, a specific biomechanical adaptation in rodents, in KOENIGSWALD W. V. & SANDER P. M. (eds), Tooth Enamel Microstructure. Balkema, Rotterdam: 259 - 266." type="book chapter" year="1997">Koenigswald & Sander, 1997</bibRefCitation>
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)] formed by thick bundles of prisms that decussate in all directions; this enamel
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<typeStatus id="548033F1FF97FF9E31BEF80DFE411182" box="[422,468,2002,2028]" pageId="22" pageNumber="141">type</typeStatus>
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is the so-called 3D enamel, a structure known only in proboscideans. In some zones of the outer part of the enamel layer, the vertical component of the decussation is attenuated, evoking Hunter-Schreger bands (HSB).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B848D53FF97FF9E335BFE88FA3B14BE" blockId="22.[810,1458,215,2028]" pageId="22" pageNumber="141">
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3D enamel is documented in several Paleogene proboscidean species:
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<taxonomicName id="4C3BF6D0FF97FF9E33B6FEA8FAD217FF" authority="Jaeger, 1986" authorityName="Jaeger" authorityYear="1986" box="[942,1351,375,401]" class="Mammalia" family="Numidotheriidae" genus="Numidotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proboscidea" pageId="22" pageNumber="141" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="koholense">
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<emphasis id="B94F5141FF97FF9E33B6FEA8FB2817FF" box="[942,1213,375,401]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="141">Numidotherium koholense</emphasis>
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Jaeger, 1986
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</taxonomicName>
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(sampled from the early Eocene of El Kohol,
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<collectingCountry id="F32CCDC3FF97FF9E34ACFE49FA9617DE" box="[1204,1283,406,432]" name="Algeria" pageId="22" pageNumber="141">Algeria</collectingCountry>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAAF0A2FF97FF9E3509FE49FA2517DF" author="BERTRAND P." box="[1297,1456,406,433]" pageId="22" pageNumber="141" refId="ref19638" refString="BERTRAND P. 1988. - Evolution de la structure de l'email chez les Proboscidea primitifs: Aspects phylogenetique et fonctionnel, in RUSSELL D. E., SANTORO J. P. & SIGOGNEAU- RUSSELL D. (eds), Teeth Revisited: Proceedings of the 7 th International Symposium on Dental Morphology. Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris: 109 - 124 (Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Ser. C - Sciences de la Terre; 53)." type="journal volume" year="1988">Bertrand 1988</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAAF0A2FF97FF9E3343FE69FBB617BF" author="TABUCE R. & DELMER C. & GHEERBRANT E." box="[859,1059,438,465]" pageId="22" pageNumber="141" pagination="611 - 628" refId="ref25796" refString="TABUCE R., DELMER C. & GHEERBRANT E. 2007. - Evolution of the tooth enamel microstructure in the earliest proboscideans (Mammalia). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 149 (4): 611 - 628. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2007.00272. x" type="journal article" year="2007">
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Tabuce
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<emphasis id="B94F5141FF97FF9E33A8FE68FC7117BE" box="[944,996,438,464]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="141">et al.</emphasis>
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2007
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</bibRefCitation>
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),
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<taxonomicName id="4C3BF6D0FF97FF9E3423FE69FB7117BE" authorityName="Jaeger" authorityYear="1986" box="[1083,1252,438,464]" class="Mammalia" family="Numidotheriidae" genus="Numidotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proboscidea" pageId="22" pageNumber="141" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94F5141FF97FF9E3423FE69FB7117BE" box="[1083,1252,438,464]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="141">Numidotherium</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. (sampled from the late Eocene of Ad-Dakhla,
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<collectingCountry id="F32CCDC3FF97FF9E3460FE08FB49179F" box="[1144,1244,471,497]" name="Morocco" pageId="22" pageNumber="141">Morocco</collectingCountry>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAAF0A2FF97FF9E34FDFE09FA0A179E" author="ADNET S. & CAPPETTA H. & TABUCE R." box="[1253,1439,470,496]" pageId="22" pageNumber="141" pagination="860 - 870" refId="ref18939" refString="ADNET S., CAPPETTA H. & TABUCE R. 2010. - A middle-late Eocene vertebrate fauna (marine fish and mammals) from southwestern Morocco preliminary report: age and palaeobiogeographical implications. Geological Magazine 147: 860 - 870. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / s 0016756810000348" type="journal article" year="2010">
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Adnet
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<emphasis id="B94F5141FF97FF9E3536FE08FAF4179E" box="[1326,1377,470,496]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="141">et al.</emphasis>
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2010
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</bibRefCitation>
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),
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<taxonomicName id="4C3BF6D0FF97FF9E3335FE29FB2D147F" authority="(Court, 1995)" baseAuthorityName="Court" baseAuthorityYear="1995" box="[813,1208,502,529]" class="Mammalia" family="Numidotheriidae" genus="Arcanotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proboscidea" pageId="22" pageNumber="141" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="savagei">
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<emphasis id="B94F5141FF97FF9E3335FE29FB82147E" box="[813,1047,502,528]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="141">Arcanotherium savagei</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAAF0A2FF97FF9E343EFE29FB25147F" author="COURT N." box="[1062,1200,502,529]" pageId="22" pageNumber="141" pagination="650 - 671" refId="ref20592" refString="COURT N. 1995. - A new species of Numidotherium (Mammalia: Proboscidea) from the Eocene of Libya and the early phylogeny of the Proboscidea. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 15: 650 - 671. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 02724634.1995.10011254" type="journal article" year="1995">Court, 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
|
)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAF0A2FF97FF9E34D0FE29FADD147F" author="COURT N." box="[1224,1352,502,529]" pageId="22" pageNumber="141" pagination="650 - 671" refId="ref20592" refString="COURT N. 1995. - A new species of Numidotherium (Mammalia: Proboscidea) from the Eocene of Libya and the early phylogeny of the Proboscidea. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 15: 650 - 671. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 02724634.1995.10011254" type="journal article" year="1995">Court 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
|
; sampled from the?late Eocene of Dur At-Talah Escarpment,
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F32CCDC3FF97FF9E3574FDC9FA3E145E" box="[1388,1451,534,560]" name="Libya" pageId="22" pageNumber="141">Libya</collectingCountry>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAF0A2FF97FF9E3336FDE9FC71143E" author="TABUCE R. & DELMER C. & GHEERBRANT E." box="[814,996,566,592]" pageId="22" pageNumber="141" pagination="611 - 628" refId="ref25796" refString="TABUCE R., DELMER C. & GHEERBRANT E. 2007. - Evolution of the tooth enamel microstructure in the earliest proboscideans (Mammalia). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 149 (4): 611 - 628. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2007.00272. x" type="journal article" year="2007">
|
|
Tabuce
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5141FF97FF9E3363FDE8FC3E143E" box="[891,939,566,592]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="141">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2007
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
),
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3BF6D0FF97FF9E33E0FDE9FAD8143E" authority="Andrews, 1901" authorityName="Andrews" authorityYear="1901" box="[1016,1357,566,592]" class="Mammalia" family="Barytheriidae" genus="Barytherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proboscidea" pageId="22" pageNumber="141" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grave">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5141FF97FF9E33E0FDE9FB38143E" box="[1016,1197,566,592]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="141">Barytherium grave</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAF0A2FF97FF9E34A9FDE9FAD8143E" author="ANDREWS C. W." box="[1201,1357,566,592]" pageId="22" pageNumber="141" pagination="436 - 444" refId="ref18994" refString="ANDREWS C. W. 1901. - Preliminary note on some recently discovered extinct vertebrates from Egypt. Geological Magazine 4: 436 - 444. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0016756800179750" type="journal article" year="1901">Andrews, 1901</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(sampled from Dur At-Talah Escarpment,
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F32CCDC3FF97FF9E3493FD89FB5F141E" box="[1163,1226,598,624]" name="Libya" pageId="22" pageNumber="141">Libya</collectingCountry>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAF0A2FF97FF9E34CBFD89FAE5141E" author="BERTRAND P." box="[1235,1392,598,624]" pageId="22" pageNumber="141" refId="ref19638" refString="BERTRAND P. 1988. - Evolution de la structure de l'email chez les Proboscidea primitifs: Aspects phylogenetique et fonctionnel, in RUSSELL D. E., SANTORO J. P. & SIGOGNEAU- RUSSELL D. (eds), Teeth Revisited: Proceedings of the 7 th International Symposium on Dental Morphology. Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris: 109 - 124 (Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Ser. C - Sciences de la Terre; 53)." type="journal volume" year="1988">Bertrand 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
|
), and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3BF6D0FF97FF9E3333FDA9FB0D14DE" authority="Seiffert, Nasir, Al-Harthy, Groenke, Kraatz, Stevens & Al-Sayigh, 2012" authorityName="Seiffert, Nasir, Al-Harthy, Groenke, Kraatz, Stevens & Al-Sayigh" authorityYear="2012" class="Mammalia" family="Barytheriidae" genus="Omanitherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proboscidea" pageId="22" pageNumber="141" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dhofarensis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5141FF97FF9E3333FDA9FBAD14FE" box="[811,1080,630,656]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="141">Omanitherium dhofarensis</emphasis>
|
|
Seiffert, Nasir, Al-Harthy, Groenke, Kraatz, Stevens & Al-Sayigh, 2012
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(sampled from the earliest Oligocene of Thaytiniti 2,
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F32CCDC3FF97FF9E345AFD69FB1E14BE" box="[1090,1163,694,720]" name="Oman" pageId="22" pageNumber="141">Oman</collectingCountry>
|
|
; Tabuce unpublished data).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B848D53FF97FF9E335BFD09FAC61200" blockId="22.[810,1458,215,2028]" pageId="22" pageNumber="141">
|
|
Among these five species, only
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3BF6D0FF97FF9E348EFD0AFA141481" baseAuthorityName="Court" baseAuthorityYear="1995" box="[1174,1409,725,751]" class="Mammalia" family="Numidotheriidae" genus="Arcanotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proboscidea" pageId="22" pageNumber="141" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="savagei">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5141FF97FF9E348EFD0AFA141481" box="[1174,1409,725,751]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="141">Arcanotherium savagei</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
differs from the proboscidean from Laazri by a three-layered Schmelzmuster with 3D enamel only limited to the inner zone, overlain by HSB then radial enamel in the outer zone. Such a complex Schmelzmuster also characterizes all Neogene elephantoids (mammutids, gomphotheres, stegodonts, and elephants) and in a lesser degree
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3BF6D0FF97FF9E34B8FC4AFC5815A1" authority="Andrews, 1901" authorityName="Andrews" authorityYear="1901" class="Mammalia" family="Gomphotheriidae" genus="Palaeomastodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proboscidea" pageId="22" pageNumber="141" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beadnelli">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5141FF97FF9E34B8FC4AFA2415C1" box="[1184,1457,917,943]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="141">Palaeomastodon beadnelli</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAF0A2FF97FF9E3335FC6AFC5815A1" author="ANDREWS C. W." box="[813,973,949,975]" pageId="22" pageNumber="141" pagination="436 - 444" refId="ref18994" refString="ANDREWS C. W. 1901. - Preliminary note on some recently discovered extinct vertebrates from Egypt. Geological Magazine 4: 436 - 444. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0016756800179750" type="journal article" year="1901">Andrews, 1901</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
which developed slightly irregular HSB in the inner zone, evoking 3D enamel (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAF0A2FF97FF9E349CFC0BFA151581" author="KOENIGSWALD W. V. & MARTIN T. & PFRETZSCHNER H. U." box="[1156,1408,980,1007]" pageId="22" pageNumber="141" pagination="303 - 314" refId="ref22389" refString="KOENIGSWALD W. V., MARTIN T. & PFRETZSCHNER H. U. 1993. - Phylogenetic interpretation of enamel structures in mammalian teeth: possibilities and problems, in SZALAY F. S., NOVACEK M. J., MCKENNA M. C. (eds), Mammal Phylogeny Placentals. Springer-Verlag, New York: 303 - 314." type="book chapter" year="1993">
|
|
Koenigswald
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5141FF97FF9E350AFC0AFAD61580" box="[1298,1347,980,1006]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="141">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
1993
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). As a result, similar to the proboscidean from Laazri, only
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3BF6D0FF97FF9E357FFC2AFB901240" authorityName="Jaeger" authorityYear="1986" class="Mammalia" family="Numidotheriidae" genus="Numidotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proboscidea" pageId="22" pageNumber="141" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="koholense">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5141FF97FF9E357FFC2AFB901240" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="141">Numidotherium koholense</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3BF6D0FF97FF9E340CFBCBFB551240" authorityName="Jaeger" authorityYear="1986" box="[1044,1216,1044,1070]" class="Mammalia" family="Numidotheriidae" genus="Numidotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proboscidea" pageId="22" pageNumber="141" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5141FF97FF9E340CFBCBFB551240" box="[1044,1216,1044,1070]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="141">Numidotherium</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. from Ad-Dakhla,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3BF6D0FF97FF9E3336FBEBFC781220" authorityName="Andrews" authorityYear="1901" box="[814,1005,1076,1102]" class="Mammalia" family="Barytheriidae" genus="Barytherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proboscidea" pageId="22" pageNumber="141" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grave">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5141FF97FF9E3336FBEBFC781220" box="[814,1005,1076,1102]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="141">Barytherium grave</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3BF6D0FF97FF9E3428FBEBFAD21220" authorityName="Seiffert, Nasir, Al-Harthy, Groenke, Kraatz, Stevens & Al-Sayigh" authorityYear="2012" box="[1072,1351,1076,1102]" class="Mammalia" family="Barytheriidae" genus="Omanitherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proboscidea" pageId="22" pageNumber="141" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dhofarensis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5141FF97FF9E3428FBEBFAD21220" box="[1072,1351,1076,1102]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="141">Omanitherium dhofarensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
present a one-layered Schmelzmuster formed by 3D enamel.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B848D53FF97FF9E335BFBAAFBEE1042" blockId="22.[810,1458,215,2028]" pageId="22" pageNumber="141">
|
|
In addition, the HSB-like structures that occur in places in the outer part of the enamel the proboscidean from Laazri were only mentioned in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3BF6D0FF97FF9E348DFB6BFA2712A0" authorityName="Jaeger" authorityYear="1986" box="[1173,1458,1204,1230]" class="Mammalia" family="Numidotheriidae" genus="Numidotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proboscidea" pageId="22" pageNumber="141" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="koholense">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5141FF97FF9E348DFB6BFA2712A0" box="[1173,1458,1204,1230]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="141">Numidotherium koholense</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3BF6D0FF97FF9E3379FB0BFB811280" authorityName="Jaeger" authorityYear="1986" box="[865,1044,1236,1262]" class="Mammalia" family="Numidotheriidae" genus="Numidotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proboscidea" pageId="22" pageNumber="141" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5141FF97FF9E3379FB0BFB811280" box="[865,1044,1236,1262]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="141">Numidotherium</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. from Ad-Dakhla (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAF0A2FF97FF9E3503FB0BFCF31360" author="TABUCE R. & DELMER C. & GHEERBRANT E." pageId="22" pageNumber="141" pagination="611 - 628" refId="ref25796" refString="TABUCE R., DELMER C. & GHEERBRANT E. 2007. - Evolution of the tooth enamel microstructure in the earliest proboscideans (Mammalia). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 149 (4): 611 - 628. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2007.00272. x" type="journal article" year="2007">
|
|
Tabuce
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5141FF97FF9E356FFB0BFA251280" box="[1399,1456,1236,1262]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="141">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2007
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAF0A2FF97FF9E336EFB2CFBAE1360" author="ADNET S. & CAPPETTA H. & TABUCE R." box="[886,1083,1267,1294]" pageId="22" pageNumber="141" pagination="860 - 870" refId="ref18939" refString="ADNET S., CAPPETTA H. & TABUCE R. 2010. - A middle-late Eocene vertebrate fauna (marine fish and mammals) from southwestern Morocco preliminary report: age and palaeobiogeographical implications. Geological Magazine 147: 860 - 870. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / s 0016756810000348" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
|
Adnet
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5141FF97FF9E33DBFB2BFC6F1363" box="[963,1018,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="141">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2010
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). However, the supposed lack of such HSB-like structures in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3BF6D0FF97FF9E3462FACCFADC1343" authorityName="Andrews" authorityYear="1901" box="[1146,1353,1299,1325]" class="Mammalia" family="Barytheriidae" genus="Barytherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proboscidea" pageId="22" pageNumber="141" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grave">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5141FF97FF9E3462FACCFADC1343" box="[1146,1353,1299,1325]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="141">Barytherium grave</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
must be taken with caution due to the unique published macroscopic analysis (no SEM data available) for this species (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAF0A2FF97FF9E332EFAACFC4E13E3" author="BERTRAND P." box="[822,987,1395,1421]" pageId="22" pageNumber="141" refId="ref19638" refString="BERTRAND P. 1988. - Evolution de la structure de l'email chez les Proboscidea primitifs: Aspects phylogenetique et fonctionnel, in RUSSELL D. E., SANTORO J. P. & SIGOGNEAU- RUSSELL D. (eds), Teeth Revisited: Proceedings of the 7 th International Symposium on Dental Morphology. Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris: 109 - 124 (Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Ser. C - Sciences de la Terre; 53)." type="journal volume" year="1988">Bertrand 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). Interestingly, in his unpublished Ph.D. thesis,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAF0A2FF97FF9E336FFA4CFBB413C3" author="BERTRAND P." box="[887,1057,1427,1453]" pageId="22" pageNumber="141" refId="ref19725" refString="BERTRAND P. 1989. - Structure de l'email dentaire et phylogenie chez les tethytheres. Unpublished PhD thesis, Universite Paris 6, 524 p." type="book" year="1989">Bertrand (1989</bibRefCitation>
|
|
: pl. 18D) figured a view of the outer part of the enamel of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3BF6D0FF97FF9E340DFA6CFB4F13A3" authorityName="Andrews" authorityYear="1901" box="[1045,1242,1459,1485]" class="Mammalia" family="Barytheriidae" genus="Barytherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proboscidea" pageId="22" pageNumber="141" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grave">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5141FF97FF9E340DFA6CFB4F13A3" box="[1045,1242,1459,1485]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="141">Barytherium grave</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
in which HSB-like structures are clearly visible. To conclude,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3BF6D0FF97FF9E34E0FA0CFAEA1383" authorityName="Andrews" authorityYear="1901" box="[1272,1407,1491,1517]" class="Mammalia" family="Barytheriidae" genus="Barytherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proboscidea" pageId="22" pageNumber="141" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5141FF97FF9E34E0FA0CFAEA1383" box="[1272,1407,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="141">Barytherium</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3BF6D0FF97FF9E3333FA2CFC4C1063" authorityName="Jaeger" authorityYear="1986" box="[811,985,1523,1549]" class="Mammalia" family="Numidotheriidae" genus="Numidotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proboscidea" pageId="22" pageNumber="141" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5141FF97FF9E3333FA2CFC4C1063" box="[811,985,1523,1549]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="141">Numidotherium</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
present the same enamel microstructure as the proboscidean from Laazri.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B848D53FF97FF9E335BF9ECFA351182" blockId="22.[810,1458,215,2028]" pageId="22" pageNumber="141">
|
|
To complete the observations, we measured the molar enamel thickness in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3BF6D0FF97FF9E33A4F98DFB611002" authority="Andrews, 1901" authorityName="Andrews" authorityYear="1901" box="[956,1268,1618,1644]" class="Mammalia" family="Barytheriidae" genus="Barytherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proboscidea" pageId="22" pageNumber="141" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5141FF97FF9E33A4F98DFBD71002" box="[956,1090,1618,1644]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="141">Barytherium</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAF0A2FF97FF9E3451F98DFB611002" author="ANDREWS C. W." box="[1097,1268,1618,1644]" pageId="22" pageNumber="141" pagination="436 - 444" refId="ref18994" refString="ANDREWS C. W. 1901. - Preliminary note on some recently discovered extinct vertebrates from Egypt. Geological Magazine 4: 436 - 444. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0016756800179750" type="journal article" year="1901">Andrews, 1901</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3BF6D0FF97FF9E351DF98DFC2010E2" authority="Jaeger, 1986" authorityName="Jaeger" authorityYear="1986" class="Mammalia" family="Numidotheriidae" genus="Numidotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proboscidea" pageId="22" pageNumber="141" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5141FF97FF9E351DF98DFA241002" box="[1285,1457,1618,1644]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="141">Numidotherium</emphasis>
|
|
Jaeger, 1986
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3BF6D0FF97FF9E33EBF9ADFA8D10C2" authority="Seiffert, Nasir, Al-Harthy, Groenke, Kraatz, Stevens, Al-Sayigh, 2012" authorityName="Seiffert, Nasir, Al-Harthy, Groenke, Kraatz, Stevens, Al-Sayigh" authorityYear="2012" class="Mammalia" family="Barytheriidae" genus="Omanitherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proboscidea" pageId="22" pageNumber="141" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5141FF97FF9E33EBF9ADFB0410E2" box="[1011,1169,1650,1676]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="141">Omanitherium</emphasis>
|
|
Seiffert, Nasir, Al-Harthy, Groenke, Kraatz, Stevens, Al-Sayigh, 2012
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Comparison with the proboscidean remains from Laazri reveals interesting results. The great enamel thickness of FSAC Bouj-380a (±
|
|
<quantity id="4CC320B6FF97FF9E3354F92DFC721163" box="[844,999,1778,1805]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="4.6" metricValueMin="3.4" pageId="22" pageNumber="141" unit="mm" value="4.0" valueMax="4.6" valueMin="3.4">3.4 to 4.6mm</quantity>
|
|
), Bouj-380b (±
|
|
<quantity id="4CC320B6FF97FF9E348DF92DFAA11162" box="[1173,1332,1778,1804]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="2.9" metricValueMin="2.6" pageId="22" pageNumber="141" unit="mm" value="2.75" valueMax="2.9" valueMin="2.6">2.6 to 2.9 mm</quantity>
|
|
) and Bouj- 380c (±
|
|
<quantity id="4CC320B6FF97FF9E339BF8CDFB891142" box="[899,1052,1810,1836]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.65" metricValueMax="4.2" metricValueMin="3.1" pageId="22" pageNumber="141" unit="mm" value="3.65" valueMax="4.2" valueMin="3.1">3.1 to 4.2 mm</quantity>
|
|
) approaches the rare available data for
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3BF6D0FF97FF9E3335F8EEFC701125" authorityName="Andrews" authorityYear="1901" box="[813,997,1841,1867]" class="Mammalia" family="Barytheriidae" genus="Barytherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proboscidea" pageId="22" pageNumber="141" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grave">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5141FF97FF9E3335F8EEFC701125" box="[813,997,1841,1867]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="141">Barytherium grave</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(±
|
|
<quantity id="4CC320B6FF97FF9E341DF8EDFBD31122" box="[1029,1094,1842,1868]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="141" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
|
, ±
|
|
<quantity id="4CC320B6FF97FF9E3479F8EDFB231122" box="[1121,1206,1842,1868]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="22" pageNumber="141" unit="mm" value="3.1">3.1 mm</quantity>
|
|
, ±
|
|
<quantity id="4CC320B6FF97FF9E34C9F8EEFAB31122" box="[1233,1318,1841,1868]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="22" pageNumber="141" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
|
|
; plate 18A-C in
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAF0A2FF97FF9E3350F88EFC711102" author="BERTRAND P." box="[840,996,1873,1900]" pageId="22" pageNumber="141" refId="ref19725" refString="BERTRAND P. 1989. - Structure de l'email dentaire et phylogenie chez les tethytheres. Unpublished PhD thesis, Universite Paris 6, 524 p." type="book" year="1989">Bertrand 1989</bibRefCitation>
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|
). Conversely, molars of
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|
<taxonomicName id="4C3BF6D0FF97FF9E34F9F88EFA1F1105" authorityName="Jaeger" authorityYear="1986" box="[1249,1418,1873,1899]" class="Mammalia" family="Numidotheriidae" genus="Numidotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proboscidea" pageId="22" pageNumber="141" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5141FF97FF9E34F9F88EFA1F1105" box="[1249,1418,1873,1899]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="141">Numidotherium</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
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|
sp. from Ad-Dakhla and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3BF6D0FF97FF9E3407F8AEFAAD11E5" authorityName="Seiffert, Nasir, Al-Harthy, Groenke, Kraatz, Stevens & Al-Sayigh" authorityYear="2012" box="[1055,1336,1905,1931]" class="Mammalia" family="Barytheriidae" genus="Omanitherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proboscidea" pageId="22" pageNumber="141" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dhofarensis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5141FF97FF9E3407F8AEFAAD11E5" box="[1055,1336,1905,1931]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="141">Omanitherium dhofarensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
have thinner enamel thickness (±
|
|
<quantity id="4CC320B6FF97FF9E342BF84EFBE111C2" box="[1075,1140,1937,1964]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="141" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
|
and ±
|
|
<quantity id="4CC320B6FF97FF9E34A7F84EFA8D11C2" box="[1215,1304,1937,1964]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="141" unit="mm" value="0.7">0.7 mm</quantity>
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|
, respectively). Molars of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3BF6D0FF97FF9E338EF86EFB3611A5" authorityName="Jaeger" authorityYear="1986" box="[918,1187,1969,1995]" class="Mammalia" family="Numidotheriidae" genus="Numidotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proboscidea" pageId="22" pageNumber="141" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="koholense">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5141FF97FF9E338EF86EFB3611A5" box="[918,1187,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="141">Numidotherium koholense</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
have also thinner enamel thickness (±
|
|
<quantity id="4CC320B6FF97FF9E33ABF80EFBC51182" box="[947,1104,2001,2028]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="3.1" metricValueMin="2.4" pageId="22" pageNumber="141" unit="mm" value="2.75" valueMax="3.1" valueMin="2.4">2.4 to 3.1 mm</quantity>
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|
for the M3, the largest molar).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="DF44DDDBFF96FF9F309CF875FDA51187" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4605981" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4605981" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4605981/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="142" startId="23.[132,143,1962,1979]" targetBox="[447,1141,215,1930]" targetPageId="23">
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|
<paragraph id="8B848D53FF96FF9F309CF875FDA51187" blockId="23.[132,1456,1962,2025]" pageId="23" pageNumber="142">
|
|
FIG. 8. — Bartonian?
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|
<taxonomicName id="4C3BF6D0FF96FF9F312DF875FE0F11D5" authorityName="Andrews" authorityYear="1901" box="[309,410,1962,1979]" class="Mammalia" family="Barytheriidae" genus="Barytherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proboscidea" pageId="23" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5141FF96FF9F312DF875FE0F11D5" box="[309,410,1962,1979]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="142">Barytherium</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. partial tooth fragment from the Gueran fauna (Laazri locality), FSAC Bouj-380b, vertical enamel section. From the enamel dentine junction (
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5141FF96FF9F310CF81EFEAD11BC" bold="true" box="[276,312,1985,2002]" pageId="23" pageNumber="142">EDJ</emphasis>
|
|
) to the outer enamel surface (
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5141FF96FF9F322BF81EFDCF11BC" bold="true" box="[563,602,1985,2002]" pageId="23" pageNumber="142">OES</emphasis>
|
|
), the specimen presents a one-layered Schmelzmuster formed by 3D enamel (thick bundles of prisms that decussate in all directions). Scale bar: 300 µm.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B848D53FF99FF903083FF07FECD14FE" blockId="24.[131,777,215,657]" pageId="24" pageNumber="143">
|
|
To conclude, enamel microstructure and thickness strongly favor an assignment to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3BF6D0FF99FF903188FF28FD82177F" authorityName="Andrews" authorityYear="1901" box="[400,535,247,273]" class="Mammalia" family="Barytheriidae" genus="Barytherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proboscidea" pageId="24" pageNumber="143" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5141FF99FF903188FF28FD82177F" box="[400,535,247,273]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="143">Barytherium</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
for the proboscidean from Laazri. The presence of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3BF6D0FF99FF9031C4FEC8FDF2175F" authorityName="Andrews" authorityYear="1901" box="[476,615,279,305]" class="Mammalia" family="Barytheriidae" genus="Barytherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proboscidea" pageId="24" pageNumber="143" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5141FF99FF9031C4FEC8FDF2175F" box="[476,615,279,305]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="143">Barytherium</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
in the Aridal Formationat of Gueran, if confirmed, would indicate that this genus occurred as early as the Bartonian. So far, this genus was only known by its
|
|
<typeStatus id="548033F1FF99FF9031A1FEA8FE7217FF" box="[441,487,375,401]" pageId="24" pageNumber="143">type</typeStatus>
|
|
species,
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5141FF99FF903227FEA8FC9317FE" box="[575,774,375,401]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="143">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3BF6D0FF99FF903227FEA8FC9717FE" authorityName="Andrews" authorityYear="1901" box="[575,770,375,401]" class="Mammalia" family="Barytheriidae" genus="Barytherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proboscidea" pageId="24" pageNumber="143" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grave">Barytherium grave</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
originally described from the late Eocene (Priabonian) of the Fayum depression and then from the Dur At-Talah Escarpment, a locality which is still poorly constrained in age between Bartonian to Priabonian (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAF0A2FF99FF90322AFE29FC95147E" author="TABUCE R. & JAEGER J. - J. & MARIVAUX L. & SALEM M. & BILAL A. A. & BENAMMI M. & CHAIMANEE Y. & COSTER P. & MARANDAT B. & ENTIN X. & BRUNET M." box="[562,768,502,528]" pageId="24" pageNumber="143" pagination="945 - 955" refId="ref25855" refString="TABUCE R., JAEGER J. - J., MARIVAUX L., SALEM M., BILAL A. A., BENAMMI M., CHAIMANEE Y., COSTER P., MARANDAT B., VAL- ENTIN X. & BRUNET M. 2012. - New stem elephant-shrews (Mammalia, Macroscelidea) from the Eocene of Dur at-Talah, Libya. Palaeontology 55: 945 - 955. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1475 - 4983.2012.01163. x" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
|
Tabuce
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5141FF99FF903291FE28FD2A147E" box="[649,703,502,528]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="143">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2012
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAF0A2FF99FF90309CFDC9FEEB145E" author="SALLAM H. M. & SEIFFERT E. R." box="[132,382,534,560]" pageId="24" pageNumber="143" pagination="1717" refId="ref25186" refString="SALLAM H. M. & SEIFFERT E. R. 2016. - New phiomorph rodents from the latest Eocene of Egypt, and the impact of Bayesian " clock " based phylogenetic methods on estimates of basal hystricognath relationships and biochronology. PeerJ 4: e 1717. https: // doi. org / 10.7717 / peerj. 1717" type="journal article" year="2016">Sallam & Seiffert 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAF0A2FF99FF903193FDC9FDBA145E" author="LONGRICH N. R." box="[395,559,534,560]" pageId="24" pageNumber="143" pagination="140 - 150" refId="ref22958" refString="LONGRICH N. R. 2017. - A stem lepidosireniform lungfish (Sarcopterygia: Dipnoi) from the upper Eocene of Libya, North Africa and implications for Cenozoic lungfish evolution. Gondwana Research 42: 140 - 150. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. gr. 2016.09.007" type="journal article" year="2017">Longrich 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). Interestingly also,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAF0A2FF99FF90309BFDE9FE47143F" author="GINGERICH P. D. & CAPPETTA H." box="[131,466,566,593]" pageId="24" pageNumber="143" pagination="129" refId="ref21197" refString="GINGERICH P. D. & CAPPETTA H. 2014. - A new archaeocete and other marine mammals (Cetacea and Sirenia) from lower middle Eocene phosphate deposits of Togo. Journal of Paleontology 88, 109 e 129. https: // doi. org / 10.1666 / 13 - 040" type="journal article" year="2014">Gingerich & Cappetta (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
mentioned a possible
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3BF6D0FF99FF9032D5FDE8FF4D141E" authorityName="Andrews" authorityYear="1901" class="Mammalia" family="Barytheriidae" genus="Barytherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proboscidea" pageId="24" pageNumber="143" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94F5141FF99FF9032D5FDE8FF4D141E" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="143">Barytherium</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
-sized proboscidean from the early middle Eocene (Lutetian) of
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F32CCDC3FF99FF903101FDA9FEC114FE" box="[281,340,630,656]" name="Togo" pageId="24" pageNumber="143">Togo</collectingCountry>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |