treatments-xml/data/03/92/28/0392282AFFF2FFF1AEC1593B1C5EFE97.xml
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<mods:title id="C2499EC9D006A73C74CE56C21142B8F2">Names of hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) established by Charles McLean Fraser (1872 - 1946), excluding those from Allan Hancock Expeditions</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1635394B8DD59AEE1B6BF2F5C0426925">Calder, Dale R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="796F49EDD72A77D2F1C6F10C81C7FBBC">Choong, Henry H. C.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="0392282AFFF2FFF1AEC1593B1C5EFE97" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5968303" ID-GBIF-Taxon="148685541" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5968303" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0392282AFFF2FFF1AEC1593B1C5EFE97" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0392282AFFF2FFF1AEC1593B1C5EFE97" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<paragraph id="8B84993CFFF2FFF0AEC1593B1B14F997" blockId="20.[151,549,1539,1565]" box="[151,549,1539,1565]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<heading id="D0CC2E50FFF2FFF0AEC1593B1B14F997" bold="true" box="[151,549,1539,1565]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B94F452EFFF2FFF0AEC1593B1B14F997" bold="true" box="[151,549,1539,1565]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Family
<taxonomicName id="4C3BE2BFFFF2FFF0AEA0593B1B14F997" ID-CoL="7NFSM" authority="Fraser, 1924 b" authorityName="Fraser" authorityYear="1924" box="[246,549,1539,1565]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Acaulidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">
Acaulidae
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAE4CDFFF2FFF0AF2D593B1B14F997" box="[379,549,1539,1565]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refId="ref75467" refString="Fraser, C. M. (1924 b) Acaulis primarius Stimpson. Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada, Series 3, Section 5, 18, 167 - 173. [Read May 1924; 1924]" type="journal article">Fraser, 1924b</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B84993CFFF2FFF0AEC1597118F9F9D5" blockId="20.[151,456,1609,1631]" box="[151,456,1609,1631]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Αcaulidae
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAE4CDFFF2FFF0AF52597218A0F9D5" box="[260,401,1609,1631]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refId="ref75467" refString="Fraser, C. M. (1924 b) Acaulis primarius Stimpson. Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada, Series 3, Section 5, 18, 167 - 173. [Read May 1924; 1924]" type="journal article">Fraser, 1924b</bibRefCitation>
: 173.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C321CAB7FFF2FFF0AEC159B418A2F92F" box="[151,403,1676,1701]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B84993CFFF2FFF0AEC159B418A2F92F" blockId="20.[151,1437,1676,2025]" box="[151,403,1676,1701]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="B94F452EFFF2FFF0AEC159B4187DF92F" bold="true" box="[151,332,1676,1701]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Current status.</emphasis>
Valid.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C321CAB7FFF2FFF1AE9159971C5EFE97" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B84993CFFF2FFF0AE9159971D22F84F" blockId="20.[151,1437,1676,2025]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="B94F452EFFF2FFF0AE915997180AF942" bold="true" box="[199,315,1711,1736]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Remarks.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAE4CDFFF2FFF0AF15599718CEF942" box="[323,511,1711,1736]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refId="ref83132" refString="Stimpson, W. (1853) Synopsis of the marine Invertebrata of Grand Manan: or the region about the mouth of the Bay of Fundy, New Brunswick. Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, 6 (5), 1 - 67." type="journal article">Stimpson (1853)</bibRefCitation>
described and illustrated
<taxonomicName id="4C3BE2BFFFF2FFF0AD7259971ADEF942" authorityName="Stimpson" authorityYear="1854" box="[804,1007,1711,1736]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Acaulidae" genus="Acaulis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="primarius">
<emphasis id="B94F452EFFF2FFF0AD7259971ADEF942" box="[804,1007,1711,1736]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Acaulis primarius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a remarkable new genus and species of solitary hydroid from Grand Manan Island,
<collectingRegion id="49FF57DEFFF2FFF0ACF559ED1A6AF967" box="[675,859,1748,1773]" country="Canada" name="New Brunswick" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">New Brunswick</collectingRegion>
, Atlantic
<collectingCountry id="F32CD9ACFFF2FFF0AD9F59EC1D10F967" box="[969,1057,1748,1773]" name="Canada" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Canada</collectingCountry>
. His polyp was unusual in having a very short, spike-shaped hydrocaulus beneath a large hydranth having scattered capitate tentacles and an irregular whorl of filiform tentacles at the base. Some early authors (e.g., Allman 1872) believed Stimpsons hydroid constituted a hydranth that had detached from its stalk. Even though
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAE4CDFFF2FFF0ADF758781D6EF8D2" box="[929,1119,1856,1880]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refId="ref82100" refString="Sars, G. O. (1874) Bidrag til kundskaben om norges hydroider. Forhandlinger i Videnskabs-Selskabet i Christiania, 1873, 91 - 150." type="journal article">G.O. Sars (1874)</bibRefCitation>
subsequently described and accurately illustrated
<taxonomicName id="4C3BE2BFFFF2FFF0AFD1585C1B25F8F6" authorityName="Stimpson" authorityYear="1854" box="[391,532,1892,1916]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Acaulidae" genus="Acaulis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="primarius">
<emphasis id="B94F452EFFF2FFF0AFD1585C1B25F8F6" box="[391,532,1892,1916]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">A. primarius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Lofoten,
<collectingCountry id="F32CD9ACFFF2FFF0ACEB585D1A29F8F7" box="[701,792,1893,1917]" name="Norway" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Norway</collectingCountry>
, uncertainty persisted over the morphological structure of the species (e.g.,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAE4CDFFF2FFF0AF3058BF1B32F82A" box="[358,515,1927,1952]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refId="ref74382" refString="Fewkes, J. W. (1890) Α zoological reconnoissance in Grand Manan. American naturalist, 24, 423 - 438. https: // doi. org / 10.1086 / 275123" type="journal article">Fewkes 1890</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAE4CDFFF2FFF0AC4558BF1B94F82A" box="[531,677,1927,1952]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refId="ref74115" refString="Dendy, Α. (1902) On a free-swimming hydroid, Pelagohydra mirabilis, n. gen. et sp. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, New Series, 46, 1 - 24." type="journal article">Dendy 1902</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAE4CDFFF2FFF0ACE358B01A61F82A" box="[693,848,1928,1952]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refId="ref75187" refString="Fraser, C. M. (1918 c) Hydroids of eastern Canada. Contributions to Canadian Biology, 1917 - 1918, 329 - 367. [1918: dated following Huntsman &amp; Fraser (1922); taken to be 31 December 1918 under ICZN Αrt. 21.3.2]" type="journal article">Fraser 1918c</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAE4CDFFF2FFF0AD3158B01D23F82A" box="[871,1042,1927,1952]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refId="ref75467" refString="Fraser, C. M. (1924 b) Acaulis primarius Stimpson. Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada, Series 3, Section 5, 18, 167 - 173. [Read May 1924; 1924]" type="journal article">Fraser (1924b)</bibRefCitation>
confirmed the morphology of its hydrocaulus, and established the family
<taxonomicName id="4C3BE2BFFFF2FFF0AC0C58941BFAF84F" authorityName="Fraser" authorityYear="1924" box="[602,715,1964,1989]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Acaulidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Acaulidae</taxonomicName>
to accommodate the species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B84993CFFF2FFF1AE9158E81C5EFE97" blockId="20.[151,1437,1676,2025]" lastBlockId="21.[151,1436,151,285]" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
The taxonomy of
<taxonomicName id="4C3BE2BFFFF2FFF0AFC658E91B2CF862" authorityName="Stimpson" authorityYear="1854" box="[400,541,2001,2024]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Acaulidae" genus="Acaulis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="primarius">
<emphasis id="B94F452EFFF2FFF0AFC658E91B2CF862" box="[400,541,2001,2024]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">A. primarius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has recently been reviewed by
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAE4CDFFF2FFF0ADD758E81D77F863" box="[897,1094,2000,2025]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refId="ref82436" refString="Schuchert, P. (2006) The European athecate hydroids and their medusae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria): Capitata Part 1. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 113, 325 - 410. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 80356" type="journal article">Schuchert (2006)</bibRefCitation>
. As noted therein, two species were mistakenly included under that binomen by
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAE4CDFFF3FFF1AC815FAF1AA8FF3A" box="[727,921,151,176]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refId="ref83132" refString="Stimpson, W. (1853) Synopsis of the marine Invertebrata of Grand Manan: or the region about the mouth of the Bay of Fundy, New Brunswick. Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, 6 (5), 1 - 67." type="journal article">Stimpson (1853)</bibRefCitation>
. However, Schuchert concluded that Allman (1872), in effect, had designated a
<typeStatus id="5480279EFFF3FFF1AC4F5F841BB1FF5F" box="[537,640,188,213]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
(ICZN 74.5) by fixing its identity in conformity with that matching the longstanding concept of the species. That concept accords with the only illustration of
<taxonomicName id="4C3BE2BFFFF3FFF1AA2D5FD81C3BFF72" authorityName="Stimpson" authorityYear="1854" box="[1147,1290,224,248]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Acaulidae" genus="Acaulis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="primarius">
<emphasis id="B94F452EFFF3FFF1AA2D5FD81C3BFF72" box="[1147,1290,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">A. primarius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
provided by
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAE4CDFFF3FFF1AEC15E3C18ECFE96" box="[151,477,260,285]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refId="ref83132" refString="Stimpson, W. (1853) Synopsis of the marine Invertebrata of Grand Manan: or the region about the mouth of the Bay of Fundy, New Brunswick. Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, 6 (5), 1 - 67." type="journal article">Stimpson (1853, pl. 1, fig. 4)</bibRefCitation>
.
<typeStatus id="5480279EFFF3FFF1AFBF5E3D1B11FE97" box="[489,544,261,285]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Type</typeStatus>
material of the species exists at the MCZ (Invertebrate Zoology Coel-162).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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