treatments-xml/data/03/90/87/039087DF927A2B64F000F9F9FC75CB20.xml

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<mods:title id="07F77BF8015091DABF4993ECBDE899F0">Gnathostomulida from the Otago Peninsula, southern New Zealand</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2550F656D94DCECB88F7F4F19CEE4E41">Sterrer, Wolfgang</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="039087DF927A2B64F000F9F9FC75CB20" ID-GBIF-Taxon="156788876" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039087DF927A2B64F000F9F9FC75CB20" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039087DF927A2B64F000F9F9FC75CB20" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<subSubSection id="C3236542927A2B7AF000F9F9FE62CCE9" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8636C9927A2B7AF000F9F9FD27CC0A" blockId="12.[264,748,1626,1687]" box="[264,748,1626,1652]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<heading id="D0CE81A5927A2B7AF000F9F9FD27CC0A" bold="true" box="[264,748,1626,1652]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C394D4A927A2B7AF000F9F9FD27CC0A" ID-CoL="3GLZP" authority="Sterrer, 1991" authorityName="Sterrer" authorityYear="1991" box="[264,748,1626,1652]" family="Gnathostomulidae" genus="Gnathostomula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bursovaginoidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Gnathostomulida" rank="species" species="salotae">
<emphasis id="B94DEADB927A2B7AF000F9F9FD27CC0A" bold="true" box="[264,748,1626,1652]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B94DEADB927A2B7AF000F9F9FE08CC0A" bold="true" box="[264,451,1626,1652]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Gnathostomula</emphasis>
cf. 
<emphasis id="B94DEADB927A2B7AF0F8F9F9FD8ECC0A" bold="true" box="[496,581,1626,1652]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">salotae</emphasis>
Sterrer, 1991
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636C9927A2B7AF000F9DEFE62CCE9" blockId="12.[264,748,1626,1687]" box="[264,425,1661,1687]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">(Fig. 7.1–7.8)</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3236542927A2B7AF000F960FC7ECD7A" box="[264,949,1731,1796]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8636C9927A2B7AF000F960FC7ECD7A" blockId="12.[264,949,1731,1796]" box="[264,949,1731,1796]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B94DEADB927A2B7AF000F960FEA4CCA2" box="[264,367,1731,1756]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Material</emphasis>
Six adults, one juvenile from samples SI 10 and SI 16.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3236542927A2B7BF000F893FE14CB80" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B8636C9927A2B7BF000F893FE59CB4B" blockId="12.[264,576,1840,1906]" lastBlockId="13.[264,1325,284,510]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B94DEADB927A2B7AF000F893FE5CCD37" box="[264,407,1840,1865]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Distribution</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F32E7659927A2B7AF030F8FBFE4ACD0C" box="[312,385,1880,1906]" name="Tonga" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Tonga</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B38927A2B7AF087F8FBFDF8CD0C" author="Sterrer, W." box="[399,563,1880,1906]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="107 - 128" refId="ref5410" refString="Sterrer, W. (1991 a) Gnathostomulida from Fiji, Tonga and New Zealand. Zoologica Scripta, 20 (2), 107 - 128." type="journal article" year="1991">Sterrer 1991a</bibRefCitation>
). 
<emphasis id="B94DEADB927B2B7BF000FEBFFE59CB4B" box="[264,402,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636C9927B2B7BF030FEE7FE14CB80" blockId="13.[264,1325,284,510]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B94DEADB927B2B7BF030FEE7FDB7CB23" box="[312,636,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Organization and behavior.</emphasis>
Adults are small and plump, ranging from 
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(mean 
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) in length, and 
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in width (
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) at U 53.08 (body index 5.43). There is a short tail region. Rostrum 
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long and 
<quantity id="4CC19B2C927B2B7BF2FDFE37FBACCBD0" box="[1013,1127,404,430]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.25" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="52.5">52.50 µm</quantity>
wide at U 11.46 (index 0.99). Of the sensorium, apicalia were to 
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long, frontalia to 
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, and lateralia to 
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.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF466641927B2B7BF000FB3DFB1FCE85" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2645667/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" startId="13.[264,368,1182,1206]" targetBox="[329,1246,575,1144]" targetPageId="13">
<paragraph id="8B8636C9927B2B7BF000FB3DFB1FCE85" blockId="13.[264,1324,1182,1275]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B94DEADB927B2B7BF000FB3DFE40CEC8" bold="true" box="[264,395,1182,1206]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C394D4A927B2B7BF09CFB3CFD78CEC8" authorityName="Sterrer" authorityYear="1991" box="[404,691,1183,1206]" family="Gnathostomulidae" genus="Gnathostomula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bursovaginoidea" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Gnathostomulida" rank="species" species="salotae">
<emphasis id="B94DEADB927B2B7BF09CFB3CFDF3CEC8" box="[404,568,1183,1206]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Gnathostomula</emphasis>
cf. 
<emphasis id="B94DEADB927B2B7BF36BFB3CFD78CEC8" box="[611,691,1183,1206]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">salotae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94DEADB927B2B7BF3BBFB3CFD7CCEC8" box="[691,695,1183,1206]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">.</emphasis>
7.1 Habitus; 7.2 Bursa; 7.3–7.4 Male copulatory organ of two specimens; 7.5–7.6 Two aspects of sperm squeezed from the testes; 7.7–7.8 Basal plates and jaws of two specimens (7.8 also shows the jugum, top). 7.5–7.8 to the same scale as Fig. 1.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C3236542927B2B7BF030FAF4FEBBCD57" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8636C9927B2B7BF030FAF4FCCDCC6F" blockId="13.[264,1325,1367,1833]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B94DEADB927B2B7BF030FAF4FE24CF0E" box="[312,495,1367,1392]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Digestive tract.</emphasis>
The basal plate is 
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long and 20.00 µm wide (index 0.37). Its medio­rostral margin is finely dentate, with a stronger, medially pointing tooth at the anterior tip. The lateral wings may be curved rostrally. Jaws are 
<quantity id="4CC19B2C927B2B7BF512FA04FB45CFBF" box="[1050,1166,1447,1473]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.56" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="15.6">15.60 µm</quantity>
long, with 6 teeth in the dorsal, 
<quantity id="4CC19B2C927B2B7BF0E7FA6CFDD5CF97" box="[495,542,1487,1513]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.032" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="in" value="8.0">8 in</quantity>
the median, and 11 teeth in the ventral row. The crescent­shaped jugum is 
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long and 16.00 µm wide.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636C9927B2B7BF030F9BCFDA6CCCF" blockId="13.[264,1325,1367,1833]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B94DEADB927B2B7BF030F9BCFE18CC46" box="[312,467,1567,1592]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<collectingRegion id="49FDF82B927B2B7BF030F9BCFEBFCC46" box="[312,372,1567,1592]" country="Maldives" name="Maale" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Male</collectingRegion>
system.
</emphasis>
The paired, follicular testes extend from U 56.67 to U 80.42. The penis extends from U 66.46 to U 82.53. It is 
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(
<quantity id="4CC19B2C927B2B7BF26AF9E4FC1CCC1F" box="[866,983,1607,1633]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.06" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="50.6">50.60 µm</quantity>
) long but only 
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wide. Sperm is tiny, 
<quantity id="4CC19B2C927B2B7BF0B5F9CCFE34CCF7" box="[445,511,1647,1673]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 µm</quantity>
in diameter, with a round to bean­shaped dense core that is often surrounded by a lucid coating.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636C9927B2B7BF030F91CFEBBCD57" blockId="13.[264,1325,1367,1833]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B94DEADB927B2B7BF030F91CFE24CCA6" box="[312,495,1727,1752]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Female system.</emphasis>
The largest egg, about 
<quantity id="4CC19B2C927B2B7BF202F91CFC93CCA7" box="[778,856,1727,1753]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="50.0">50 µm</quantity>
in diameter, extends from U 41.7 to U 56.7. The bursa copulatrix is immediately behind it, measuring 
<quantity id="4CC19B2C927B2B7BF2E5F944FBF2CD7F" box="[1005,1081,1767,1793]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="35.0">35 µm</quantity>
in length and 
<quantity id="4CC19B2C927B2B7BF5D7F944FAE0CD7F" box="[1247,1323,1767,1793]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 µm</quantity>
in width.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<paragraph id="8B8636C992782B78F3A5FEFCFACBC9E6" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<table id="F939C4699278D489F004FEFCFACBC9E6" box="[268,1280,351,920]" colsContinueFrom="12.[267,1281,351,762]" colsContinueIn="16.[270,1278,1282,1806]" gridcols="6" gridrows="13" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<tr id="3509348B9278D489F004FEFCFACBCB08" box="[268,1280,351,374]" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="76D85DF79278D489F3AFFEFCFD3BCB08" box="[679,752,351,374]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Mean</th>
<th id="76D85DF79278D489F237FEFCFCB0CB08" box="[831,891,351,374]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">SD</th>
<th id="76D85DF79278D489F2DFFEFCFBC3CB08" box="[983,1032,351,374]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Max</th>
<th id="76D85DF79278D489F56AFEFCFB5ACB08" box="[1122,1169,351,374]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Min</th>
<th id="76D85DF79278D489F5FBFEFCFACBCB08" box="[1267,1280,351,374]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">n</th>
</tr>
<tr id="3509348B9278D489F004FE2FFACBCBDD" box="[268,1280,396,419]" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<th id="76D85DF79278D489F004FE2FFDC6CBDD" box="[268,525,396,419]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Body length of adults</th>
<td id="76D85DF79278D489F3AFFE2FFD3BCBDD" box="[679,752,396,419]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">352.50</td>
<td id="76D85DF79278D489F237FE2FFCB0CBDD" box="[831,891,396,419]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">49.92</td>
<td id="76D85DF79278D489F2DFFE2FFBC3CBDD" box="[983,1032,396,419]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">400</td>
<td id="76D85DF79278D489F56AFE2FFB5ACBDD" box="[1122,1169,396,419]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">300</td>
<td id="76D85DF79278D489F5FBFE2FFACBCBDD" box="[1267,1280,396,419]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3509348B9278D489F004FE19FACBCBAF" box="[268,1280,442,465]" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<th id="76D85DF79278D489F004FE19FDC6CBAF" box="[268,525,442,465]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Body width of adults</th>
<td id="76D85DF79278D489F3AFFE19FD3BCBAF" box="[679,752,442,465]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">66.25</td>
<td id="76D85DF79278D489F237FE19FCB0CBAF" box="[831,891,442,465]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">7.50</td>
<td id="76D85DF79278D489F2DFFE19FBC3CBAF" box="[983,1032,442,465]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">70</td>
<td id="76D85DF79278D489F56AFE19FB5ACBAF" box="[1122,1169,442,465]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">55</td>
<td id="76D85DF79278D489F5FBFE19FACBCBAF" box="[1267,1280,442,465]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3509348B9278D489F004FE4BFACBCB81" box="[268,1280,488,511]" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<th id="76D85DF79278D489F004FE4BFDC6CB81" box="[268,525,488,511]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Body index of adults</th>
<td id="76D85DF79278D489F3AFFE4BFD3BCB81" box="[679,752,488,511]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">5.43</td>
<td id="76D85DF79278D489F237FE4BFCB0CB81" box="[831,891,488,511]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1.35</td>
<td id="76D85DF79278D489F2DFFE4BFBC3CB81" box="[983,1032,488,511]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">7.27</td>
<td id="76D85DF79278D489F56AFE4BFB5ACB81" box="[1122,1169,488,511]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">4.29</td>
<td id="76D85DF79278D489F5FBFE4BFACBCB81" box="[1267,1280,488,511]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3509348B9278D489F004FDB6FACBC852" box="[268,1280,533,556]" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<th id="76D85DF79278D489F004FDB6FDC6C852" box="[268,525,533,556]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Rostrum index of adults</th>
<td id="76D85DF79278D489F3AFFDB6FD3BC852" box="[679,752,533,556]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">0.99</td>
<td id="76D85DF79278D489F237FDB6FCB0C852" box="[831,891,533,556]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">0.18</td>
<td id="76D85DF79278D489F2DFFDB6FBC3C852" box="[983,1032,533,556]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1.24</td>
<td id="76D85DF79278D489F56AFDB6FB5AC852" box="[1122,1169,533,556]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">0.83</td>
<td id="76D85DF79278D489F5FBFDB6FACBC852" box="[1267,1280,533,556]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3509348B9278D489F004FDE0FACBC824" box="[268,1280,579,602]" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<th id="76D85DF79278D489F004FDE0FDC6C824" box="[268,525,579,602]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Jaw length</th>
<td id="76D85DF79278D489F3AFFDE0FD3BC824" box="[679,752,579,602]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">15.60</td>
<td id="76D85DF79278D489F237FDE0FCB0C824" box="[831,891,579,602]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">0.89</td>
<td id="76D85DF79278D489F2DFFDE0FBC3C824" box="[983,1032,579,602]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">17</td>
<td id="76D85DF79278D489F56AFDE0FB5AC824" box="[1122,1169,579,602]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">15</td>
<td id="76D85DF79278D489F5FBFDE0FACBC824" box="[1267,1280,579,602]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3509348B9278D489F004FDD3FACBC8F9" box="[268,1280,624,647]" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<th id="76D85DF79278D489F004FDD3FDC6C8F9" box="[268,525,624,647]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Basal plate length</th>
<td id="76D85DF79278D489F3AFFDD3FD3BC8F9" box="[679,752,624,647]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">7.33</td>
<td id="76D85DF79278D489F237FDD3FCB0C8F9" box="[831,891,624,647]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">0.58</td>
<td id="76D85DF79278D489F2DFFDD3FBC3C8F9" box="[983,1032,624,647]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">8</td>
<td id="76D85DF79278D489F56AFDD3FB5AC8F9" box="[1122,1169,624,647]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">7</td>
<td id="76D85DF79278D489F5FBFDD3FACBC8F9" box="[1267,1280,624,647]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3509348B9278D489F004FD3DFACBC8CB" box="[268,1280,670,693]" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<th id="76D85DF79278D489F004FD3DFDC6C8CB" box="[268,525,670,693]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Basal plate width</th>
<td id="76D85DF79278D489F3AFFD3DFD3BC8CB" box="[679,752,670,693]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">20.00</td>
<td id="76D85DF79278D489F237FD3DFCB0C8CB" box="[831,891,670,693]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">2.00</td>
<td id="76D85DF79278D489F2DFFD3DFBC3C8CB" box="[983,1032,670,693]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">22</td>
<td id="76D85DF79278D489F56AFD3DFB5AC8CB" box="[1122,1169,670,693]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">18</td>
<td id="76D85DF79278D489F5FBFD3DFACBC8CB" box="[1267,1280,670,693]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3509348B9278D489F004FD68FACBC89C" box="[268,1280,715,738]" gridrow="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<th id="76D85DF79278D489F004FD68FDC6C89C" box="[268,525,715,738]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Basal plate index</th>
<td id="76D85DF79278D489F3AFFD68FD3BC89C" box="[679,752,715,738]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">0.37</td>
<td id="76D85DF79278D489F237FD68FCB0C89C" box="[831,891,715,738]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">0.04</td>
<td id="76D85DF79278D489F2DFFD68FBC3C89C" box="[983,1032,715,738]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">0.40</td>
<td id="76D85DF79278D489F56AFD68FB5AC89C" box="[1122,1169,715,738]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">0.32</td>
<td id="76D85DF79278D489F5FBFD68FACBC89C" box="[1267,1280,715,738]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3509348B9278D489F004FD5AFACBC96E" box="[268,1280,761,784]" gridrow="9" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<th id="76D85DF79278D489F004FD5AFDC6C96E" box="[268,525,761,784]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Penis stylet length</th>
<td id="76D85DF79278D489F3AFFD5AFD3BC96E" box="[679,752,761,784]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">50.60</td>
<td id="76D85DF79278D489F237FD5AFCB0C96E" box="[831,891,761,784]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">8.32</td>
<td id="76D85DF79278D489F2DFFD5AFBC3C96E" box="[983,1032,761,784]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">60</td>
<td id="76D85DF79278D489F56AFD5AFB5AC96E" box="[1122,1169,761,784]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">39</td>
<td id="76D85DF79278D489F5FBFD5AFACBC96E" box="[1267,1280,761,784]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3509348B9278D489F004FC85FACBC943" box="[268,1280,806,829]" gridrow="10" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<th id="76D85DF79278D489F004FC85FDC6C943" box="[268,525,806,829]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Sperm length</th>
<td id="76D85DF79278D489F3AFFC85FD3BC943" box="[679,752,806,829]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">2.00</td>
<td id="76D85DF79278D489F237FC85FCB0C943" box="[831,891,806,829]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">0.00</td>
<td id="76D85DF79278D489F2DFFC85FBC3C943" box="[983,1032,806,829]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">2</td>
<td id="76D85DF79278D489F56AFC85FB5AC943" box="[1122,1169,806,829]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">2</td>
<td id="76D85DF79278D489F5FBFC85FACBC943" box="[1267,1280,806,829]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3509348B9278D489F004FCF7FACBC915" box="[268,1280,852,875]" gridrow="11" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<th id="76D85DF79278D489F004FCF7FDC6C915" box="[268,525,852,875]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Sperm width</th>
<td id="76D85DF79278D489F3AFFCF7FD3BC915" box="[679,752,852,875]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">2.00</td>
<td id="76D85DF79278D489F237FCF7FCB0C915" box="[831,891,852,875]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">0.00</td>
<td id="76D85DF79278D489F2DFFCF7FBC3C915" box="[983,1032,852,875]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">2</td>
<td id="76D85DF79278D489F56AFCF7FB5AC915" box="[1122,1169,852,875]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">2</td>
<td id="76D85DF79278D489F5FBFCF7FACBC915" box="[1267,1280,852,875]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3509348B9278D489F004FC22FACBC9E6" box="[268,1280,897,920]" gridrow="12" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<th id="76D85DF79278D489F004FC22FDC6C9E6" box="[268,525,897,920]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Sperm index</th>
<td id="76D85DF79278D489F3AFFC22FD3BC9E6" box="[679,752,897,920]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1.00</td>
<td id="76D85DF79278D489F237FC22FCB0C9E6" box="[831,891,897,920]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">0.00</td>
<td id="76D85DF79278D489F2DFFC22FBC3C9E6" box="[983,1032,897,920]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1.00</td>
<td id="76D85DF79278D489F56AFC22FB5AC9E6" box="[1122,1169,897,920]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1.00</td>
<td id="76D85DF79278D489F5FBFC22FACBC9E6" box="[1267,1280,897,920]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">3</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="C323654292782B78F000FC5AFE42CE6C" box="[264,393,1017,1042]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8636C992782B78F000FC5AFE42CE6C" blockId="14.[264,1323,1017,1723]" box="[264,393,1017,1042]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="B94DEADB92782B78F000FC5AFE42CE6C" box="[264,393,1017,1042]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Discussion</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C323654292782B79F030FB82FD11CB4B" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B8636C992782B78F030FB82FD77CCC5" blockId="14.[264,1323,1017,1723]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="4C394D4A92782B78F030FB82FE26CE44" ID-CoL="84NTC" authorityName="Ax" authorityYear="1956" box="[312,493,1057,1082]" family="Gnathostomulidae" genus="Gnathostomula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bursovaginoidea" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Gnathostomulida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94DEADB92782B78F030FB82FE26CE44" box="[312,493,1057,1082]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Gnathostomula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the most widespread and eurytopic of all genera, occurring from arctic to tropical waters, and from the intertidal to 400 meters depth. It is also taxonomically the most elusive genus, combining a paucity of species­specific characters (of which most ­ such as jaw teeth — are at the lower limit of light microscopy) with high intra­specific variability (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B3892782B78F339FB62FD0ECEA5" author="Sterrer, W." box="[561,709,1217,1243]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="363 - 395" refId="ref5549" refString="Sterrer, W. (2001) Gnathostomulida from Australia and Papua New Guinea. Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 42, 363 - 395." type="journal article" year="2001">Sterrer 2001</bibRefCitation>
) — each specimen looks just a little different. Of 20 currently valid species (plus several unidentified spp., 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B3892782B78F2A6FB4AFB83CF7D" author="Sterrer, W." box="[942,1096,1257,1283]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="363 - 395" refId="ref5549" refString="Sterrer, W. (2001) Gnathostomulida from Australia and Papua New Guinea. Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 42, 363 - 395." type="journal article" year="2001">Sterrer 2001</bibRefCitation>
), one (
<taxonomicName id="4C394D4A92782B78F5ABFB4AFE6BCF55" ID-CoL="6KNHB" authority="Sterrer, 1991" authorityName="Sterrer" authorityYear="1991" family="Gnathostomulidae" genus="Gnathostomula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bursovaginoidea" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Gnathostomulida" rank="species" species="maorica">
<emphasis id="B94DEADB92782B78F5ABFB4AFAECCF7C" box="[1187,1319,1257,1282]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">G. maorica</emphasis>
Sterrer, 1991
</taxonomicName>
) was described from 
<collectingCountry id="F32E765992782B78F395FAB2FCF6CF55" box="[669,829,1297,1323]" name="New Zealand" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
, but differs from Portobello specimens by its much greater body length (
<quantity id="4CC19B2C92782B78F37EFA9AFCD9CF2D" box="[630,786,1337,1363]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.9" metricValueMax="7.3" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="590.0" valueMax="730.0" valueMin="450.0">450–730 µm</quantity>
) and much shorter penis stylet (
<quantity id="4CC19B2C92782B78F592FA9AFAD0CF2D" box="[1178,1307,1337,1363]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.95" metricValueMax="3.3" metricValueMin="2.6" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="29.5" valueMax="33.0" valueMin="26.0">26–33 µm</quantity>
). Penis stylet length also rules out 
<taxonomicName id="4C394D4A92782B78F38FFAC2FC41CF05" ID-CoL="3GLZ7" authority="Riedl, 1971" authorityName="Riedl" authorityYear="1971" box="[647,906,1377,1403]" family="Gnathostomulidae" genus="Gnathostomula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bursovaginoidea" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Gnathostomulida" rank="species" species="armata">
<emphasis id="B94DEADB92782B78F38FFAC2FD3CCF04" box="[647,759,1377,1402]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">G. armata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B3892782B78F20AFAC2FC41CF05" author="Riedl, R. J." box="[770,906,1377,1403]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="385 - 496" refId="ref5182" refString="Riedl, R. J. (1971) On the genus Gnathostomula (Gnathostomulida). Internationale Revue der gesamten Hydrobiologie, 56, 385 - 496." type="journal article" year="1971">Riedl, 1971</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<quantity id="4CC19B2C92782B78F291FAC2FC21CF05" box="[921,1002,1377,1403]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="65.0">65 µm</quantity>
), 
<taxonomicName id="4C394D4A92782B78F2F6FAC2FB36CF05" ID-CoL="3GLZ8" authority="Kirsteuer, 1964" authorityName="Kirsteuer" authorityYear="1964" box="[1022,1277,1377,1403]" family="Gnathostomulidae" genus="Gnathostomula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bursovaginoidea" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Gnathostomulida" rank="species" species="axi">
<emphasis id="B94DEADB92782B78F2F6FAC2FBF6CF04" box="[1022,1085,1377,1402]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">G. axi</emphasis>
Kirsteuer, 1964
</taxonomicName>
(
<quantity id="4CC19B2C92782B78F404FAC2FEF8CFDD" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="65.0">65 µm</quantity>
), 
<taxonomicName id="4C394D4A92782B78F041FA2AFDBACFDD" ID-CoL="3GLZ9" authority="Riedl, 1971" authorityName="Riedl" authorityYear="1971" box="[329,625,1417,1443]" family="Gnathostomulidae" genus="Gnathostomula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bursovaginoidea" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Gnathostomulida" rank="species" species="brunidens">
<emphasis id="B94DEADB92782B78F041FA2AFE14CFDC" box="[329,479,1417,1442]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">G. brunidens</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B3892782B78F0EFFA2AFDBACFDD" author="Riedl, R. J." box="[487,625,1417,1443]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="385 - 496" refId="ref5182" refString="Riedl, R. J. (1971) On the genus Gnathostomula (Gnathostomulida). Internationale Revue der gesamten Hydrobiologie, 56, 385 - 496." type="journal article" year="1971">Riedl, 1971</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<quantity id="4CC19B2C92782B78F389FA2AFD34CFDD" box="[641,767,1417,1443]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.45" metricValueMax="6.8" metricValueMin="6.1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="64.5" valueMax="68.0" valueMin="61.0">61–68 µm</quantity>
), 
<taxonomicName id="4C394D4A92782B78F21DFA2AFB51CFDD" ID-CoL="6KNHF" authority="Ehlers &amp; Ehlers, 1973" authorityName="Ehlers &amp; Ehlers" authorityYear="1973" box="[789,1178,1417,1443]" family="Gnathostomulidae" genus="Gnathostomula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bursovaginoidea" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Gnathostomulida" rank="species" species="costata">
<emphasis id="B94DEADB92782B78F21DFA2AFC4DCFDC" box="[789,902,1417,1442]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">G. costata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B3892782B78F29BFA2AFB51CFDD" author="Ehlers, B. &amp; Ehlers, U." box="[915,1178,1417,1443]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="173 - 199" refId="ref4997" refString="Ehlers, B. &amp; Ehlers, U. (1973) Interstitielle Fauna von Galapagos. II. Gnathostomulida. Mikrofauna des Meeresbodens, 22, 173 - 199." type="journal article" year="1973">Ehlers &amp; Ehlers, 1973</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<quantity id="4CC19B2C92782B78F5A3FA2AFB37CFDD" box="[1195,1276,1417,1443]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="17.0">17 µm</quantity>
), 
<taxonomicName id="4C394D4A92782B78F41AFA2AFE21CFB5" ID-CoL="3GLZB" authority="Riedl, 1971" authorityName="Riedl" authorityYear="1971" family="Gnathostomulidae" genus="Gnathostomula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bursovaginoidea" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Gnathostomulida" rank="species" species="jenneri">
<emphasis id="B94DEADB92782B78F41AFA2AFE90CFB4" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">G. jenneri</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B3892782B78F06AFA12FE21CFB5" author="Riedl, R. J." box="[354,490,1457,1483]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="385 - 496" refId="ref5182" refString="Riedl, R. J. (1971) On the genus Gnathostomula (Gnathostomulida). Internationale Revue der gesamten Hydrobiologie, 56, 385 - 496." type="journal article" year="1971">Riedl, 1971</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(( 
<quantity id="4CC19B2C92782B78F30CFA12FDB4CFB5" box="[516,639,1457,1483]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.45" metricValueMax="6.8" metricValueMin="6.1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="64.5" valueMax="68.0" valueMin="61.0">61–68 µm</quantity>
), G. 
<emphasis id="B94DEADB92782B78F3BBFA12FCDBCFB4" box="[691,784,1457,1482]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">karlingi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B3892782B78F21FFA12FC54CFB5" author="Riedl, R. J." box="[791,927,1457,1483]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="385 - 496" refId="ref5182" refString="Riedl, R. J. (1971) On the genus Gnathostomula (Gnathostomulida). Internationale Revue der gesamten Hydrobiologie, 56, 385 - 496." type="journal article" year="1971">Riedl, 1971</bibRefCitation>
(
<quantity id="4CC19B2C92782B78F2A6FA12FC35CFB5" box="[942,1022,1457,1483]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="32.0">32 µm</quantity>
), 
<taxonomicName id="4C394D4A92782B78F51BFA12FE88CF8D" ID-CoL="3GLZD" authority="Gerlach, 1958" authorityName="Gerlach" authorityYear="1958" family="Gnathostomulidae" genus="Gnathostomula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bursovaginoidea" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Gnathostomulida" rank="species" species="maldivarum">
<emphasis id="B94DEADB92782B78F51BFA12FB74CFB4" box="[1043,1215,1457,1482]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">G. maldivarum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B3892782B78F5CEFA12FE88CF8D" author="Gerlach, S. A." pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="175 - 176" refId="ref5028" refString="Gerlach, S. A. (1958) Ein neuer Vertreter der Gnathostomulida (Turbellaria?) aus dem Meeressand der Malediven. Kieler Meeresforschungen, 14, 175 - 176." type="journal article" year="1958">Gerlach, 1958</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<quantity id="4CC19B2C92782B78F05FFA7AFE61CF8D" box="[343,426,1497,1523]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="18.0">18 µm</quantity>
), 
<taxonomicName id="4C394D4A92782B78F0CCFA7AFCEBCF8D" ID-CoL="3GLZF" authority="Riedl, 1971" authorityName="Riedl" authorityYear="1971" box="[452,800,1497,1523]" family="Gnathostomulidae" genus="Gnathostomula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bursovaginoidea" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Gnathostomulida" rank="species" species="mediocristata">
<emphasis id="B94DEADB92782B78F0CCFA7AFD42CF8C" box="[452,649,1497,1522]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">G. mediocristata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B3892782B78F39CFA7AFCEBCF8D" author="Riedl, R. J." box="[660,800,1497,1523]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="385 - 496" refId="ref5182" refString="Riedl, R. J. (1971) On the genus Gnathostomula (Gnathostomulida). Internationale Revue der gesamten Hydrobiologie, 56, 385 - 496." type="journal article" year="1971">Riedl, 1971</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<quantity id="4CC19B2C92782B78F23CFA7AFCB6CF8D" box="[820,893,1497,1523]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="80.0">80µm</quantity>
), 
<taxonomicName id="4C394D4A92782B78F29EFA7AFB06CF8D" ID-CoL="3GLZH" authority="Riedl, 1971" authorityName="Riedl" authorityYear="1971" box="[918,1229,1497,1523]" family="Gnathostomulidae" genus="Gnathostomula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bursovaginoidea" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Gnathostomulida" rank="species" species="microstyla">
<emphasis id="B94DEADB92782B78F29EFA7AFBFFCF8C" box="[918,1076,1497,1522]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">G. microstyla</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B3892782B78F548FA7AFB06CF8D" author="Riedl, R. J." box="[1088,1229,1497,1523]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="385 - 496" refId="ref5182" refString="Riedl, R. J. (1971) On the genus Gnathostomula (Gnathostomulida). Internationale Revue der gesamten Hydrobiologie, 56, 385 - 496." type="journal article" year="1971">Riedl, 1971</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<quantity id="4CC19B2C92782B78F5E8FA7AFEF8CC65" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.65" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="26.5" valueMax="35.0" valueMin="18.0">18–35 µm</quantity>
), 
<taxonomicName id="4C394D4A92782B78F041F9A2FD7ECC65" ID-CoL="3GLZJ" authority="Mamkaev, 1961" authorityName="Mamkaev" authorityYear="1961" box="[329,693,1537,1563]" family="Gnathostomulidae" genus="Gnathostomula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bursovaginoidea" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Gnathostomulida" rank="species" species="murmanica">
<emphasis id="B94DEADB92782B78F041F9A2FE24CC64" box="[329,495,1537,1562]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">G. murmanica</emphasis>
Mamkaev, 1961
</taxonomicName>
(
<quantity id="4CC19B2C92782B78F3CDF9A2FC88CC65" box="[709,835,1537,1563]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.4" metricValueMax="9.6" metricValueMin="9.2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="94.0" valueMax="96.0" valueMin="92.0">92–96 µm</quantity>
), 
<taxonomicName id="4C394D4A92782B78F251F9A2FB5BCC65" ID-CoL="3GLZK" authority="Riedl, 1971" authorityName="Riedl" authorityYear="1971" box="[857,1168,1537,1563]" family="Gnathostomulidae" genus="Gnathostomula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bursovaginoidea" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Gnathostomulida" rank="species" species="nigrostoma">
<emphasis id="B94DEADB92782B78F251F9A2FC35CC64" box="[857,1022,1537,1562]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">G. nigrostoma</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B3892782B78F50EF9A2FB5BCC65" author="Riedl, R. J." box="[1030,1168,1537,1563]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="385 - 496" refId="ref5182" refString="Riedl, R. J. (1971) On the genus Gnathostomula (Gnathostomulida). Internationale Revue der gesamten Hydrobiologie, 56, 385 - 496." type="journal article" year="1971">Riedl, 1971</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<quantity id="4CC19B2C92782B78F5A8F9A2FB3BCC65" box="[1184,1264,1537,1563]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="37.0">37 µm</quantity>
) and 
<taxonomicName id="4C394D4A92782B78F000F98AFDF0CC3D" ID-CoL="3GLZR" authority="Sterrer, 1998" authorityName="Sterrer" authorityYear="1998" box="[264,571,1577,1603]" family="Gnathostomulidae" genus="Gnathostomula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bursovaginoidea" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Gnathostomulida" rank="species" species="uncinata">
<emphasis id="B94DEADB92782B78F000F98AFE59CC3C" box="[264,402,1577,1602]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">G. uncinata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B3892782B78F097F98AFDF0CC3D" author="Sterrer, W." box="[415,571,1577,1603]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 178" refId="ref5516" refString="Sterrer, W. (1998) Gnathostomulida from the (sub) tropical northwestern Atlantic. Studies on the Natural History of the Caribbean Region, 74, 1 - 178." type="journal article" year="1998">Sterrer, 1998</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<quantity id="4CC19B2C92782B78F347F98AFD6ECC3D" box="[591,677,1577,1603]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="35.0">35 µm</quantity>
). Of the remaining species, 
<taxonomicName id="4C394D4A92782B78F50AF98AFBB7CC3C" ID-CoL="3GLZP" authorityName="Sterrer" authorityYear="1991" box="[1026,1148,1577,1602]" family="Gnathostomulidae" genus="Gnathostomula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bursovaginoidea" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Gnathostomulida" rank="species" species="salotae">
<emphasis id="B94DEADB92782B78F50AF98AFBB7CC3C" box="[1026,1148,1577,1602]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">G. salotae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(described by Sterrer 1991 from 
<collectingCountry id="F32E765992782B78F0FEF9F2FD8ACC15" box="[502,577,1617,1643]" name="Tonga" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Tonga</collectingCountry>
) is in best agreement with most features of the Portobello specimens, with one exception: the round sperm, which are otherwise only reliably reported from 
<taxonomicName id="4C394D4A92782B78F0B9F902FD73CCC5" ID-CoL="3GLZB" authority="Riedl, 1991" authorityName="Riedl" authorityYear="1991" box="[433,696,1697,1723]" family="Gnathostomulidae" genus="Gnathostomula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bursovaginoidea" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Gnathostomulida" rank="species" species="jenneri">
<emphasis id="B94DEADB92782B78F0B9F902FDEECCC4" box="[433,549,1697,1722]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">G. jenneri</emphasis>
Riedl, 1991
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636C992792B79F000FEB8FD11CB4B" blockId="15.[264,744,283,379]" box="[264,730,283,309]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B94DEADB92792B79F000FEB8FD11CB4B" bold="true" box="[264,730,283,309]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Suborder Conophoralia 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B3892792B79F332FEB8FD11CB4B" author="Sterrer, W." box="[570,730,283,309]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="151 - 173" refId="ref5356" refString="Sterrer, W. (1972) Systematics and evolution within the Gnathostomulida. Systematic Zoology, 21 (2), 151 - 173." type="journal article" year="1972">Sterrer, 1972</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C323654292792B79F000FEC2FDC3CB9D" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8636C992792B79F000FEC2FD23CB05" blockId="15.[264,744,283,379]" box="[264,744,353,379]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B94DEADB92792B79F000FEC2FD23CB05" bold="true" box="[264,744,353,379]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Family 
<taxonomicName id="4C394D4A92792B79F06FFEC2FD23CB05" authority="Sterrer, 1971" authorityName="Sterrer" authorityYear="1971" box="[359,744,353,379]" family="Austrognathiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bursovaginoidea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Gnathostomulida" rank="family">Austrognathiidae Sterrer, 1971</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636C992792B79F000FE05FD41CBBE" blockId="15.[264,650,422,483]" box="[264,650,422,448]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B94DEADB92792B79F000FE05FD41CBBE" bold="true" box="[264,650,422,448]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName id="4C394D4A92792B79F000FE05FDF4CBBE" authority="Sterrer, 2006" authorityName="Sterrer" authorityYear="2006" box="[264,575,422,448]" family="Austrognathiidae" genus="Austrognatharia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bursovaginoidea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Gnathostomulida" rank="species" species="australis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94DEADB92792B79F000FE05FDF4CBBE" bold="true" box="[264,575,422,448]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Austrognatharia australis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27E57A092792B79F34FFE05FD41CBBE" box="[583,650,422,448]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636C992792B79F000FE6AFDC3CB9D" blockId="15.[264,650,422,483]" box="[264,520,457,483]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">(Fig.8.1–8.7, 9.1–9.4)</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C323654292792B79F000FDBAFC67C8FD" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8636C992792B79F000FDBAFC67C8FD" blockId="15.[264,1246,537,643]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B94DEADB92792B79F000FDBAFE62C84C" box="[264,425,537,562]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Type material</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B513C9492792B79F030FDE2FC67C8FD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2236572638" collectionCode="NZNM" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="5482886B92792B79F030FDE2FE6EC825" box="[312,421,577,603]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
one adult from sample SI 16, in squeeze preparation, 
<collectionCode id="ED28AE0C92792B79F515FDE2FBB8C825" box="[1053,1139,577,603]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">NZNM</collectionCode>
W.1536. Further material: One juvenile from the same sample.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C323654292792B79F000FD1AFC9AC885" box="[264,849,697,763]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B8636C992792B79F000FD1AFC9AC885" blockId="15.[264,849,697,763]" box="[264,849,697,763]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B94DEADB92792B79F000FD1AFE4EC8AC" box="[264,389,697,722]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Etymology</emphasis>
This is the southernmost species of the genus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C323654292792B79F000FC92FCFDCE6D" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B8636C992792B79F000FC92FEB4C934" blockId="15.[264,1325,817,1043]" box="[264,383,817,842]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B94DEADB92792B79F000FC92FEB4C934" box="[264,383,817,842]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636C992792B79F030FCFAFCFDCE6D" blockId="15.[264,1325,817,1043]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Slender 
<taxonomicName id="4C394D4A92792B79F094FCFAFD96C90C" authorityName="Sterrer" authorityYear="1970" box="[412,605,857,882]" family="Austrognathiidae" genus="Austrognatharia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bursovaginoidea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Gnathostomulida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94DEADB92792B79F094FCFAFD96C90C" box="[412,605,857,882]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Austrognatharia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(body index 13.63) with slender rostrum (index 1.15) and abundant adhesive papillae in the tail region. Basal plate 7.00 µm long, 26.00 µm wide (index 0.27). Jaws 
<quantity id="4CC19B2C92792B79F0E2FC0AFD96C9BD" box="[490,605,937,963]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.65" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="26.5">26.50 µm</quantity>
long, with one tooth in dorsal and 3.00 teeth in ventral row. Conuli to 
<quantity id="4CC19B2C92792B79F076FC72FE07C995" box="[382,460,977,1003]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="23.0">23 µm</quantity>
long and 
<quantity id="4CC19B2C92792B79F349FC72FD4BC995" box="[577,640,977,1003]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 µm</quantity>
wide (index 3.54), with inconspicuous cingulum; hat flat, taking up less than 20% of total conulus length.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C323654292792B66F000FBEAFE1ACBF8" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8636C992792B79F000FBEAFE50CE1D" blockId="15.[264,1324,1097,1883]" box="[264,411,1097,1123]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B94DEADB92792B79F000FBEAFE59CE1C" box="[264,402,1097,1122]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Description</emphasis>
:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636C992792B79F030FBD2FCD3CF2D" blockId="15.[264,1324,1097,1883]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B94DEADB92792B79F030FBD2FD48CEF4" box="[312,643,1137,1162]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Organization and behavior.</emphasis>
The single adult had a slender body (length 
<quantity id="4CC19B2C92792B79F5BCFBD2FAEFCEF5" box="[1204,1316,1137,1163]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.09" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="1090.0">1090 µm</quantity>
, width 
<quantity id="4CC19B2C92792B79F05DFB3AFE6FCECD" box="[341,420,1177,1203]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="80.0">80 µm</quantity>
at U 32.1; body index 13.63). The rostrum is slender (
<quantity id="4CC19B2C92792B79F534FB3AFB46CECD" box="[1084,1165,1177,1203]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.8" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="78.0">78 µm</quantity>
long, 
<quantity id="4CC19B2C92792B79F5D4FB3AFAE0CECD" box="[1244,1323,1177,1203]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.8" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="68.0">68 µm</quantity>
wide at U 4.3; rostrum index 1.15). The tail region ends in a blunt cone which contains many adhesive papillae composed of bundles of rhabdoids. Of the sensorium, apicalia 1 were 
<quantity id="4CC19B2C92792B79F046FAB2FE6ACF55" box="[334,417,1297,1323]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 µm</quantity>
long, frontalia 
<quantity id="4CC19B2C92792B79F361FAB2FD75CF55" box="[617,702,1297,1323]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="51.0">51 µm</quantity>
, and ventralia 
<quantity id="4CC19B2C92792B79F274FAB2FC19CF55" box="[892,978,1297,1323]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="45.0">45 µm</quantity>
. Animals glide slowly, and occasionally perform peristaltic contractions.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636C992792B79F030FAC2FDEFCC15" blockId="15.[264,1324,1097,1883]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B94DEADB92792B79F030FAC2FE26CF04" box="[312,493,1377,1402]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Digestive tract.</emphasis>
The elongated mouth opening is surrounded by prepharyngeal glands. The somewhat goggle­shaped basal plate is 7.00 µm long and 26.00 µm wide (index 0.27). Its rostral edge lacks a median lobe whereas the lateral lobes are comparatively prominent. There are 11 caudo­dorsally pointing teeth of which the median tooth and the lateral­most pair are much larger than the rest. Jaws are 
<quantity id="4CC19B2C92792B79F202F9A2FCB7CC65" box="[778,892,1537,1563]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.65" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="26.5">26.50 µm</quantity>
long, with a strong terminal tooth, a single, thin but broadly based dorsal tooth, and 3 delicate, equal teeth in the ventral row. The cauda is 
<quantity id="4CC19B2C92792B79F0ABF9F2FE29CC15" box="[419,482,1617,1643]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 µm</quantity>
long.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636C992792B79F030F9DAFC98CD25" blockId="15.[264,1324,1097,1883]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B94DEADB92792B79F030F9DAFE1DCCEC" box="[312,470,1657,1682]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<collectingRegion id="49FDF82B92792B79F030F9DAFEBFCCEC" box="[312,372,1657,1682]" country="Maldives" name="Maale" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Male</collectingRegion>
system.
</emphasis>
The unpaired, dorsal testis extends from U 80.7 to U 87.2 where it empties into a glandular penis. The male pore is located ventrally at U 95. The testis contained 17 conuli of which two had twin cones. The largest conuli 
<quantity id="4CC19B2C92792B79F526F96AFBB1CC9D" box="[1070,1146,1737,1763]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="23.0">23 µm</quantity>
long and 
<quantity id="4CC19B2C92792B79F5E5F96AFAE0CC9D" box="[1261,1323,1737,1763]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 µm</quantity>
wide (conulus index 3.54). Conuli are slender, with a flat hat that takes up no more than 20% of total conulus length, and is no wider than the cone. The cingulum beneath the hat is inconspicuous, and sometimes curved upwards.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636C992662B66F030FEBFFE1ACBF8" blockId="16.[264,1323,284,390]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="B94DEADB92662B66F030FEBFFE24CB4B" box="[312,495,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Female system.</emphasis>
The single specimen did not have a mature egg. Located between U 75.2 and U 80.7, the soft, globular bursa contained three fused conuli, with their cones in a grainy condition.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF46664192662B66F000FBB2FBB0CE10" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2645669/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" startId="16.[264,368,1041,1065]" targetBox="[333,1249,456,1010]" targetPageId="16">
<paragraph id="8B8636C992662B66F000FBB2FBB0CE10" blockId="16.[264,1322,1041,1134]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="B94DEADB92662B66F000FBB2FE47CE57" bold="true" box="[264,396,1041,1065]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C394D4A92662B66F09CFBB1FD62CE57" authority="Sterrer, 2006" authorityName="Sterrer" authorityYear="2006" box="[404,681,1042,1065]" family="Austrognathiidae" genus="Austrognatharia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bursovaginoidea" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Gnathostomulida" rank="species" species="australis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94DEADB92662B66F09CFBB1FD62CE57" box="[404,681,1042,1065]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Austrognatharia australis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27E57A092662B66F3B8FBB2FCD7CE56" box="[688,796,1041,1064]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species">nov. spec.</taxonomicNameLabel>
8.1 Head region; 8.2 Posterior body region with bursa and male organs! 8.3–8.4 Basal plate and jaws of two specimens; 8.5 Mature conulus; 8.6 Twin conulus; 8.7 Fused conuli from the bursa. 8.3–8.7 to the same scale as Fig. 1.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF46664192662B66F000FB61FC5DCEA7" box="[264,918,1218,1242]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" targetBox="[270,1278,1282,1806]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="16">
<paragraph id="8B8636C992662B66F000FB61FC5DCEA7" blockId="16.[264,918,1218,1242]" box="[264,918,1218,1242]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="B94DEADB92662B66F000FB61FEB7CEA4" bold="true" box="[264,380,1218,1242]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">TABLE 8.</emphasis>
Morphometric data for 
<taxonomicName id="4C394D4A92662B66F373FB61FC59CEA7" authorityName="Sterrer" authorityYear="2006" box="[635,914,1218,1241]" family="Austrognathiidae" genus="Austrognatharia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bursovaginoidea" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Gnathostomulida" rank="species" species="australis">Austrognatharia australis</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8636C992662B66F3A5FAA1FB35CD70" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<table id="F939C4699266D489F006FAA1FB35CD70" box="[270,1278,1282,1806]" colsContinueFrom="14.[268,1280,351,920]" gridcols="6" gridrows="12" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<tr id="3509348B9266D489F006FAA1FB35CF67" box="[270,1278,1282,1305]" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="76D85DF79266D489F3A8FAA1FD3CCF67" box="[672,759,1282,1305]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Mean</th>
<th id="76D85DF79266D489F24EFAA1FCBECF67" box="[838,885,1282,1305]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">SD</th>
<th id="76D85DF79266D489F2DEFAA1FBCCCF67" box="[982,1031,1282,1305]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Max</th>
<th id="76D85DF79266D489F568FAA1FB44CF67" box="[1120,1167,1282,1305]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Min</th>
<th id="76D85DF79266D489F5F9FAA1FB35CF67" box="[1265,1278,1282,1305]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">n</th>
</tr>
<tr id="3509348B9266D489F006FA93FB35CF39" box="[270,1278,1328,1351]" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="76D85DF79266D489F006FA93FDC4CF39" box="[270,527,1328,1351]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Body length of adults</th>
<td id="76D85DF79266D489F3A8FA93FD3CCF39" box="[672,759,1328,1351]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">1090.00</td>
<td id="76D85DF79266D489F5F9FA93FB35CF39" box="[1265,1278,1328,1351]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3509348B9266D489F006FAFEFB35CF0A" box="[270,1278,1373,1396]" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="76D85DF79266D489F006FAFEFDC4CF0A" box="[270,527,1373,1396]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Body width of adults</th>
<td id="76D85DF79266D489F3A8FAFEFD3CCF0A" box="[672,759,1373,1396]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">80.00</td>
<td id="76D85DF79266D489F5F9FAFEFB35CF0A" box="[1265,1278,1373,1396]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3509348B9266D489F006FA28FB35CFDC" box="[270,1278,1419,1442]" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="76D85DF79266D489F006FA28FDC4CFDC" box="[270,527,1419,1442]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Body index of adults</th>
<td id="76D85DF79266D489F3A8FA28FD3CCFDC" box="[672,759,1419,1442]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">13.63</td>
<td id="76D85DF79266D489F5F9FA28FB35CFDC" box="[1265,1278,1419,1442]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3509348B9266D489F006FA1BFB35CFB1" box="[270,1278,1464,1487]" gridrow="4" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="76D85DF79266D489F006FA1BFDC4CFB1" box="[270,527,1464,1487]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Rostrum index of adults</th>
<td id="76D85DF79266D489F3A8FA1BFD3CCFB1" box="[672,759,1464,1487]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">1.15</td>
<td id="76D85DF79266D489F5F9FA1BFB35CFB1" box="[1265,1278,1464,1487]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3509348B9266D489F006FA45FB35CF83" box="[270,1278,1510,1533]" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<th id="76D85DF79266D489F006FA45FDC4CF83" box="[270,527,1510,1533]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Jaw length</th>
<td id="76D85DF79266D489F3A8FA45FD3CCF83" box="[672,759,1510,1533]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">26.50</td>
<td id="76D85DF79266D489F24EFA45FCBECF83" box="[838,885,1510,1533]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.71</td>
<td id="76D85DF79266D489F2DEFA45FBCCCF83" box="[982,1031,1510,1533]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">27</td>
<td id="76D85DF79266D489F568FA45FB44CF83" box="[1120,1167,1510,1533]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">26</td>
<td id="76D85DF79266D489F5F9FA45FB35CF83" box="[1265,1278,1510,1533]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3509348B9266D489F006F9B0FB35CC54" box="[270,1278,1555,1578]" gridrow="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<th id="76D85DF79266D489F006F9B0FDC4CC54" box="[270,527,1555,1578]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Basal plate length</th>
<td id="76D85DF79266D489F3A8F9B0FD3CCC54" box="[672,759,1555,1578]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">7.00</td>
<td id="76D85DF79266D489F24EF9B0FCBECC54" box="[838,885,1555,1578]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.00</td>
<td id="76D85DF79266D489F2DEF9B0FBCCCC54" box="[982,1031,1555,1578]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">7</td>
<td id="76D85DF79266D489F568F9B0FB44CC54" box="[1120,1167,1555,1578]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">7</td>
<td id="76D85DF79266D489F5F9F9B0FB35CC54" box="[1265,1278,1555,1578]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3509348B9266D489F006F9E2FB35CC26" box="[270,1278,1601,1624]" gridrow="7" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<th id="76D85DF79266D489F006F9E2FDC4CC26" box="[270,527,1601,1624]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Basal plate width</th>
<td id="76D85DF79266D489F3A8F9E2FD3CCC26" box="[672,759,1601,1624]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">26.00</td>
<td id="76D85DF79266D489F24EF9E2FCBECC26" box="[838,885,1601,1624]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.00</td>
<td id="76D85DF79266D489F2DEF9E2FBCCCC26" box="[982,1031,1601,1624]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">26</td>
<td id="76D85DF79266D489F568F9E2FB44CC26" box="[1120,1167,1601,1624]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">26</td>
<td id="76D85DF79266D489F5F9F9E2FB35CC26" box="[1265,1278,1601,1624]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3509348B9266D489F006F9CDFB35CCFB" box="[270,1278,1646,1669]" gridrow="8" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<th id="76D85DF79266D489F006F9CDFDC4CCFB" box="[270,527,1646,1669]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Basal plate index</th>
<td id="76D85DF79266D489F3A8F9CDFD3CCCFB" box="[672,759,1646,1669]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.27</td>
<td id="76D85DF79266D489F24EF9CDFCBECCFB" box="[838,885,1646,1669]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.00</td>
<td id="76D85DF79266D489F2DEF9CDFBCCCCFB" box="[982,1031,1646,1669]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.27</td>
<td id="76D85DF79266D489F568F9CDFB44CCFB" box="[1120,1167,1646,1669]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.27</td>
<td id="76D85DF79266D489F5F9F9CDFB35CCFB" box="[1265,1278,1646,1669]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3509348B9266D489F006F93FFB35CCCD" box="[270,1278,1692,1715]" gridrow="9" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<th id="76D85DF79266D489F006F93FFDC4CCCD" box="[270,527,1692,1715]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Sperm length</th>
<td id="76D85DF79266D489F3A8F93FFD3CCCCD" box="[672,759,1692,1715]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">22.00</td>
<td id="76D85DF79266D489F24EF93FFCBECCCD" box="[838,885,1692,1715]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">1.00</td>
<td id="76D85DF79266D489F2DEF93FFBCCCCCD" box="[982,1031,1692,1715]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">23</td>
<td id="76D85DF79266D489F568F93FFB44CCCD" box="[1120,1167,1692,1715]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">21</td>
<td id="76D85DF79266D489F5F9F93FFB35CCCD" box="[1265,1278,1692,1715]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3509348B9266D489F006F96AFB35CC9E" box="[270,1278,1737,1760]" gridrow="10" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<th id="76D85DF79266D489F006F96AFDC4CC9E" box="[270,527,1737,1760]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Sperm width</th>
<td id="76D85DF79266D489F3A8F96AFD3CCC9E" box="[672,759,1737,1760]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">6.33</td>
<td id="76D85DF79266D489F24EF96AFCBECC9E" box="[838,885,1737,1760]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">1.15</td>
<td id="76D85DF79266D489F2DEF96AFBCCCC9E" box="[982,1031,1737,1760]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">7</td>
<td id="76D85DF79266D489F568F96AFB44CC9E" box="[1120,1167,1737,1760]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">5</td>
<td id="76D85DF79266D489F5F9F96AFB35CC9E" box="[1265,1278,1737,1760]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3509348B9266D489F006F954FB35CD70" box="[270,1278,1783,1806]" gridrow="11" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<th id="76D85DF79266D489F006F954FDC4CD70" box="[270,527,1783,1806]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Sperm index</th>
<td id="76D85DF79266D489F3A8F954FD3CCD70" box="[672,759,1783,1806]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">3.54</td>
<td id="76D85DF79266D489F24EF954FCBECD70" box="[838,885,1783,1806]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.57</td>
<td id="76D85DF79266D489F2DEF954FBCCCD70" box="[982,1031,1783,1806]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">4.20</td>
<td id="76D85DF79266D489F568F954FB44CD70" box="[1120,1167,1783,1806]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">3.14</td>
<td id="76D85DF79266D489F5F9F954FB35CD70" box="[1265,1278,1783,1806]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">3</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF46664192672B67F000FB82FB62CE25" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2645673/files/figure.svg" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" startId="17.[264,368,1057,1081]" targetBox="[94,1323,286,1041]" targetPageId="17">
<paragraph id="8B8636C992672B67F000FB82FB62CE25" blockId="17.[264,1322,1057,1115]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="B94DEADB92672B67F000FB82FE5BCE47" bold="true" box="[264,400,1057,1081]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C394D4A92672B67F094FB82FD7ECE46" authority="Sterrer, 2006" authorityName="Sterrer" authorityYear="2006" box="[412,693,1057,1080]" family="Austrognathiidae" genus="Austrognatharia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bursovaginoidea" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Gnathostomulida" rank="species" species="australis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94DEADB92672B67F094FB82FD7ECE46" box="[412,693,1057,1080]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Austrognatharia australis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27E57A092672B67F3C9FB82FCFBCE46" box="[705,816,1057,1080]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" rank="species">nov. spec.</taxonomicNameLabel>
9.1 Anterior; 9.2 Posterior body region; 9.3 Conuli in the testis; 9.4 Mature conulus. Phase contrast micrographs of live specimens.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C323654292672B64F000FB2CFC75CB20" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8636C992672B67F000FB2CFE42CED6" blockId="17.[264,1323,1167,1672]" box="[264,393,1167,1192]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="B94DEADB92672B67F000FB2CFE42CED6" box="[264,393,1167,1192]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Discussion</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636C992672B67F030FB15FC88CCF6" blockId="17.[264,1323,1167,1672]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
Jaws with only 1–2 teeth in the dorsal row, and a basal plate with flat to non­existing rostral lobes characterize the genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C394D4A92672B67F3B8FB7CFBD9CE86" authority="Sterrer, 1970" authorityName="Sterrer" authorityYear="1970" box="[688,1042,1246,1272]" family="Austrognathiidae" genus="Austrognatharia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bursovaginoidea" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Gnathostomulida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94DEADB92672B67F3B8FB7CFCBACE86" box="[688,881,1247,1272]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Austrognatharia</emphasis>
Sterrer, 1970
</taxonomicName>
(emend. Sterrer, 1991). Of 10 species known in this genus, the following can be excluded from further comparison because of their greatly differing conuli dimensions and proportions: 
<taxonomicName id="4C394D4A92672B67F538FA8CFE84CF0E" authority="(Kirsteuer, 1969)" baseAuthorityName="Kirsteuer" baseAuthorityYear="1969" family="Austrognathiidae" genus="Austrognatharia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bursovaginoidea" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Gnathostomulida" rank="species" species="sterreri">
<emphasis id="B94DEADB92672B67F538FA8CFB6CCF36" box="[1072,1191,1327,1352]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">A. sterreri</emphasis>
(Kirsteuer, 1969)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C394D4A92672B67F053FAF4FDADCF0E" authority="Farris, 1973" authorityName="Farris" authorityYear="1973" box="[347,614,1366,1392]" family="Austrognathiidae" genus="Austrognatharia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bursovaginoidea" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Gnathostomulida" rank="species" species="strunki">
<emphasis id="B94DEADB92672B67F053FAF4FE06CF0E" box="[347,461,1367,1392]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">A. strunki</emphasis>
Farris, 1973
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C394D4A92672B67F37AFAF4FBD8CF0E" authority="Ehlers &amp; Ehlers, 1973" authorityName="Ehlers &amp; Ehlers" authorityYear="1973" box="[626,1043,1366,1392]" family="Austrognathiidae" genus="Austrognatharia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bursovaginoidea" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Gnathostomulida" rank="species" species="atraclava">
<emphasis id="B94DEADB92672B67F37AFAF4FCC8CF0E" box="[626,771,1367,1392]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">A. atraclava</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B3892672B67F203FAF5FBD8CF0E" author="Ehlers, B. &amp; Ehlers, U." box="[779,1043,1366,1392]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="173 - 199" refId="ref4997" refString="Ehlers, B. &amp; Ehlers, U. (1973) Interstitielle Fauna von Galapagos. II. Gnathostomulida. Mikrofauna des Meeresbodens, 22, 173 - 199." type="journal article" year="1973">Ehlers &amp; Ehlers, 1973</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C394D4A92672B67F517FAF4FE8DCFE6" authority="Sterrer, 1991" authorityName="Sterrer" authorityYear="1991" family="Austrognathiidae" genus="Austrognatharia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bursovaginoidea" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Gnathostomulida" rank="species" species="homunculus">
<emphasis id="B94DEADB92672B67F517FAF4FB05CF0E" box="[1055,1230,1367,1392]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">A. homunculus</emphasis>
Sterrer, 1991
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C394D4A92672B67F05AFADCFD95CFE6" authority="Sterrer, 1991" authorityName="Sterrer" authorityYear="1991" box="[338,606,1406,1432]" family="Austrognathiidae" genus="Austrognatharia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bursovaginoidea" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Gnathostomulida" rank="species" species="pecten">
<emphasis id="B94DEADB92672B67F05AFADCFE75CFE6" box="[338,446,1407,1432]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">A. pecten</emphasis>
Sterrer, 1991
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C394D4A92672B67F362FADCFC64CFE6" authority="Sterrer, 1991" authorityName="Sterrer" authorityYear="1991" box="[618,943,1406,1432]" family="Austrognathiidae" genus="Austrognatharia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bursovaginoidea" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Gnathostomulida" rank="species" species="mooreensis">
<emphasis id="B94DEADB92672B67F362FADCFCC5CFE6" box="[618,782,1407,1432]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">A. mooreensis</emphasis>
Sterrer, 1991
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C394D4A92672B67F2B3FADCFB1ECFE6" authority="Sterrer, 1998" authorityName="Sterrer" authorityYear="1998" box="[955,1237,1406,1432]" family="Austrognathiidae" genus="Austrognatharia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bursovaginoidea" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Gnathostomulida" rank="species" species="stirialis">
<emphasis id="B94DEADB92672B67F2B3FADCFBFECFE6" box="[955,1077,1407,1432]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">A. stirialis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B3892672B67F533FADDFB1ECFE6" author="Sterrer, W." box="[1083,1237,1406,1432]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1 - 178" refId="ref5516" refString="Sterrer, W. (1998) Gnathostomulida from the (sub) tropical northwestern Atlantic. Studies on the Natural History of the Caribbean Region, 74, 1 - 178." type="journal article" year="1998">Sterrer, 1998</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; and 
<taxonomicName id="4C394D4A92672B67F419FADCFDFFCFBE" authority="Sterrer, 1998" authorityName="Sterrer" authorityYear="1998" family="Austrognathiidae" genus="Austrognatharia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bursovaginoidea" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Gnathostomulida" rank="species" species="medusifera">
<emphasis id="B94DEADB92672B67F419FADCFE41CFBE" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">A. medusifera</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B3892672B67F09EFA05FDFFCFBE" author="Sterrer, W." box="[406,564,1446,1472]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1 - 178" refId="ref5516" refString="Sterrer, W. (1998) Gnathostomulida from the (sub) tropical northwestern Atlantic. Studies on the Natural History of the Caribbean Region, 74, 1 - 178." type="journal article" year="1998">Sterrer, 1998</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Of the remaining two species, 
<taxonomicName id="4C394D4A92672B67F2B5FA04FB33CFBE" authority="Sterrer, 1970" authorityName="Sterrer" authorityYear="1970" box="[957,1272,1446,1472]" family="Austrognathiidae" genus="Austrognatharia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bursovaginoidea" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Gnathostomulida" rank="species" species="kirsteueri">
<emphasis id="B94DEADB92672B67F2B5FA04FB9ACFBE" box="[957,1105,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">A. kirsteueri</emphasis>
Sterrer, 1970
</taxonomicName>
has considerably shorter jaws (
<quantity id="4CC19B2C92672B67F34AFA6DFD6CCF96" box="[578,679,1486,1512]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.17" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="21.7">21.7 µm</quantity>
) and a smaller basal plate (
<quantity id="4CC19B2C92672B67F2EDFA6DFBF0CF96" box="[997,1083,1486,1512]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="6.4">6.4 µm</quantity>
by 
<quantity id="4CC19B2C92672B67F56EFA6DFB02CF96" box="[1126,1225,1486,1512]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.01" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="20.1">20.1 µm</quantity>
) as well as shorter (
<quantity id="4CC19B2C92672B67F081FA55FE36CC6E" box="[393,509,1526,1552]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.825" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="18.25">18.25 µm</quantity>
) and plumper conuli (index 2.36) than 
<taxonomicName id="4C394D4A92672B67F2C2FA54FB99CC6E" authority="Sterrer, 2006" authorityName="Sterrer" authorityYear="2006" box="[970,1106,1527,1552]" family="Austrognathiidae" genus="Austrognatharia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bursovaginoidea" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Gnathostomulida" rank="species" species="australis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94DEADB92672B67F2C2FA54FB99CC6E" box="[970,1106,1527,1552]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">A. australis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27E57A092672B67F551FA55FB53CC6E" box="[1113,1176,1526,1552]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Conversely, these dimensions are much greater in 
<taxonomicName id="4C394D4A92672B67F3D4F9BCFBCDCC46" authority="Sterrer, 1971" authorityName="Sterrer" authorityYear="1971" box="[732,1030,1566,1592]" family="Austrognathiidae" genus="Austrognatharia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bursovaginoidea" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Gnathostomulida" rank="species" species="boadeni">
<emphasis id="B94DEADB92672B67F3D4F9BCFCABCC46" box="[732,864,1567,1592]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">A. boadeni</emphasis>
Sterrer, 1971
</taxonomicName>
(jaw length 
<quantity id="4CC19B2C92672B67F5ADF9BDFAEECC46" box="[1189,1317,1566,1592]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.05" metricValueMax="3.1" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="30.5" valueMax="31.0" valueMin="30.0">30–31 µm</quantity>
; basal plate 
<quantity id="4CC19B2C92672B67F085F9E5FE21CC1E" box="[397,490,1606,1632]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="8.5" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="8.0">8–9 µm</quantity>
long by 
<quantity id="4CC19B2C92672B67F35CF9E5FD06CC1E" box="[596,717,1606,1632]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.8" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="29.0" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="28.0">28–30 µm</quantity>
wide), which has also longer (to 
<quantity id="4CC19B2C92672B67F552F9E5FB62CC1E" box="[1114,1193,1606,1632]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="38.0">38 µm</quantity>
) and more slender conuli (index 4.5) than 
<taxonomicName id="4C394D4A92672B67F37EF9CCFD36CCF6" authority="Sterrer, 2006" authorityName="Sterrer" authorityYear="2006" box="[630,765,1647,1672]" family="Austrognathiidae" genus="Austrognatharia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bursovaginoidea" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Gnathostomulida" rank="species" species="australis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94DEADB92672B67F37EF9CCFD36CCF6" box="[630,765,1647,1672]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">A. australis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27E57A092672B67F20DF9CDFC88CCF6" box="[773,835,1646,1672]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636C992672B67F000F945FE26CD7E" blockId="17.[264,493,1766,1792]" box="[264,493,1766,1792]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="B94DEADB92672B67F000F945FE26CD7E" bold="true" box="[264,493,1766,1792]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Acknowledgments</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636C992672B64F000F88FFC75CB20" blockId="17.[264,1323,1836,1902]" lastBlockId="18.[264,1323,284,350]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
I am grateful to my friends John and Marge Wells for their hospitality in 
<collectingRegion id="49FDF82B92672B67F589F88FFACDCD38" box="[1153,1286,1836,1862]" country="New Zealand" name="Wellington" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Wellington</collectingRegion>
, to Bev Dickson for making our stay at the Portobello Marine Laboratory so pleasant and productive, and to Susan K. Young for help with sample collecting. This paper has been prepared with support from NSF Grant No. DEB­0118804.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>