916 lines
110 KiB
XML
916 lines
110 KiB
XML
<document id="67510D3FE3820AD8DCDBC9F8CB099D88" ID-CLB-Dataset="24122" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222933.2019.1694716" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b21705d8-f93b-420c-a4b3-13f38a3ba0e7" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3654895" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1581080240063" checkinUser="valdenar" docAuthor="Pronzato, Roberto & Manconi, Renata" docDate="2019" docId="039087DAE76D8D08CCB842042E7FF936" docLanguage="en" docName="JNATHIST.53.35–36.2207–2229.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 53 (35)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:485A7191CD41D6261F41521A3380DC73.9:JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="485A7191CD41D6261F41521A3380DC73" docStyleName="JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Heterorotula kakahuensis" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="2229" masterDocId="FFA9FFA2E7678D1ACD24402D2A19FF89" masterDocTitle="An overview on the freshwater sponge fauna (Demospongiae: Spongillida) of New Zealand and New Caledonia with new insights into Heterorotula from deep thermal vents of the Lake Taupo" masterLastPageNumber="2229" masterPageNumber="2207" pageNumber="2207" updateTime="1698781099751" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="E871AE6DC71C132BF1151088D7C1D2BA">
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<mods:title id="CD01DDB5AA2E14956789C040CB6DD43F">An overview on the freshwater sponge fauna (Demospongiae: Spongillida) of New Zealand and New Caledonia with new insights into Heterorotula from deep thermal vents of the Lake Taupo</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5D4637200D0E483F72F65DB78D3258DE">Pronzato, Roberto</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="583A3CA023CF39B35E72BE5239A846AD">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="10B409E58B9F8DB8D156B41287E01EB7">Manconi, Renata</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="46BE115D5DF681E72DE9E53B8A8A36CE">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="B79E03443CF36D6A8D0801073DD36615">
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<mods:date id="7F811029CCA377BFC0C4F922AB5F9A96">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="AC048853C5A4EC019B8FFA928917B0B3">2019-12-18</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="5D68FBB174DDF867EE439E40FC3018F2">53</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="BE83D5BE6AB8AAE2A19057F7A074DFAB" type="DOI">10.1080/00222933.2019.1694716</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="039087DAE76D8D08CCB842042E7FF936" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3664965" ID-GBIF-Taxon="162054627" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3664965" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039087DAE76D8D08CCB842042E7FF936" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039087DAE76D8D08CCB842042E7FF936" lastPageId="18" pageId="10">
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<subSubSection id="C3236547E76D8D10CCB84204299EFDCA" box="[412,903,553,579]" pageId="10" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8636CCE76D8D10CCB84204299EFDCA" blockId="10.[412,903,553,614]" box="[412,903,553,579]" pageId="10">
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<heading id="D0CE81A0E76D8D10CCB84204299EFDCA" box="[412,903,553,579]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="10" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C394D4FE76D8D10CCB84204299EFDCA" authority="(Traxleri 1896)" baseAuthorityName="Traxleri" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[412,903,553,579]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Heterorotula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="kakahuensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE76D8D10CCB8420428C0FDCA" bold="true" box="[412,729,553,579]" italics="true" pageId="10">Heterorotula kakahuensis</emphasis>
|
||
(Traxlerı 1896)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3236547E76D8D10CF044260291AFDEF" box="[544,771,589,614]" pageId="10" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B8636CCE76D8D10CF044260291AFDEF" blockId="10.[412,903,553,614]" box="[544,771,589,614]" pageId="10">
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<heading id="D0CE81A0E76D8D10CF044260291AFDEF" box="[544,771,589,614]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="10" reason="5">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13022A49E76D8D10CF0C42602896FDEF" box="[552,655,589,614]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="3.[160,225,1586,1609]" captionTargetBox="[164,1152,919,1554]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[163,1153,918,1555]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1. (A) Study area of Spongillida (Porifera, Demospongiae) in insular freshwater of Australasia. (B) New Caledonia Island harbours three endemic species viz. Heterorotula caledonensisı Oncosclera diahoti, and Pachyrotula raceki (genus Pachyrotula is also endemic). Heterorotula multidentata is shared by New Caledonia and Eastern Australia. (C) Geographic range of Heterorotula kakahuensis endemic to New Zealand." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3654899" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3654899/files/figure.png" pageId="10">Figures 1</figureCitation>
|
||
(C)ı 5
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE76D8D10CFF4426028C7FDEF" box="[720,734,589,614]" italics="true" pageId="10">–</emphasis>
|
||
11)
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3236547E76D8D10CD8442AF28FAFD56" pageId="10" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8636CCE76D8D10CD8442AF28FAFD56" blockId="10.[160,1156,642,735]" pageId="10">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2911E2E76D8D10CD8442AF28FAFD56" pageId="10">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D4FE76D8D10CD8442AF2829FD13" authority="Traxleri 1896" authorityName="Traxleri" authorityYear="1896" box="[160,560,642,666]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Ephydatia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="kakahuensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE76D8D10CD8442AF2B80FD13" box="[160,409,642,666]" italics="true" pageId="10">Ephydatia kakahuensis</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A9810DDE76D8D10CC8542AF2829FD13" box="[417,560,642,666]" pageId="10">Traxlerı 1896</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A9810DDE76D8D10CF1942AF28B4FD13" box="[573,685,642,666]" pageId="10">Geeı 1931</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A9810DDE76D8D10CF9D42AF297BFD13" box="[697,866,642,666]" pageId="10">Schröderı 1935</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D4FE76D8D10CE4B42AF2BD7FD34" authority="Penney and Raceki 1968" authorityName="Penney and Raceki" authorityYear="1968" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Heterorotula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="kakahuensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE76D8D10CE4B42AF2E9AFD13" box="[879,1155,642,666]" italics="true" pageId="10">Heterorotula kakahuensis</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A9810DDE76D8D10CDE442882BD7FD34" box="[192,462,677,701]" pageId="10">Penney and Racekı 1968</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A9810DDE76D8D10CCFD42882901FD34" box="[473,792,677,701]" pageId="10">Manconi and Pronzatoı 2002</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D4FE76D8D10CE00428829B5FD34" authorityName="Penney and Raceki" authorityYear="1968" box="[804,940,677,701]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Heterorotula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE76D8D10CE00428829B5FD34" box="[804,940,677,701]" italics="true" pageId="10">Heterorotula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A9810DDE76D8D10CEFC42882AEEFD56" pageId="10">
|
||
de Ronde et al.
|
||
<date id="FF87100CE76D8D10C9A442882AEEFD56" pageId="10" value="2002-01">ı 2002</date>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A9810DDE76D8D10CC2042EA280CFD56" box="[260,533,711,735]" pageId="10">Rota and Manconiı 2004</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A9810DDE76D8D10CF0642EA28FAFD56" box="[546,739,711,735]" pageId="10">
|
||
Jones et al.
|
||
<date id="FF87100CE76D8D10CF8542EA28FAFD56" box="[673,739,711,735]" pageId="10" value="2007-01">ı 2007</date>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3236547E76D8D16CD844334282FF9A6" lastPageId="12" pageId="10" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8636CCE76D8D10CD8443342B7CFCBA" blockId="10.[160,1157,793,888]" box="[160,357,793,819]" pageId="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE76D8D10CD8443342B7CFCBA" bold="true" box="[160,357,793,819]" italics="true" pageId="10">Studied material</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8636CCE76D8D11CD8443132B09FA66" blockId="10.[160,1157,793,888]" lastBlockId="11.[160,1156,1218,1727]" lastPageId="11" pageId="10">
|
||
Two sets of historical material from Lake Taupo have been investigated by LM and
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED28AE09E76D8D10C96A43132E98FCDF" box="[1102,1153,830,854]" pageId="10">SEM</collectionCode>
|
||
. The first set (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13022A49E76D8D10CC16434D2B97FCF1" box="[306,398,864,888]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="11.[160,225,1077,1100]" captionTargetBox="[166,1150,144,1041]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[163,1153,142,1045]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 6. The historical material BMNH 23.10.7.1 previously identified as Ephydatia kakahuensis and presently considered a mix of Heterorotula kakahuensis and a possible Pottsiela taxon." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3654919" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3654919/files/figure.png" pageId="10">Figure 6</figureCitation>
|
||
)ı collected in 1923 and labelled
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED28AE09E76D8D10CFDF434D295BFCF1" box="[763,834,864,888]" pageId="10">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
23.10.7.1 (sampleı slideı and stub
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED28AE09E76C8D11CDF844EF2B2EFB53" box="[220,311,1218,1242]" pageId="11">FW-POR</collectionCode>
|
||
429) was a mixed sample composed mainly of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D4FE76C8D11CE4F44EF2E9AFB53" authorityName="Penney and Raceki" authorityYear="1968" box="[875,1155,1218,1242]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Heterorotula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="11" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="kakahuensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE76C8D11CE4F44EF2E9AFB53" box="[875,1155,1218,1242]" italics="true" pageId="11">Heterorotula kakahuensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13022A49E76C8D11CD8344C82B1CFB74" box="[167,261,1253,1277]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="12.[160,225,1213,1236]" captionTargetBox="[169,1146,147,1178]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[163,1153,142,1182]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 7. Heterorotula kakahuensis (as Ephydatia kakahuensis). Megascleres and gemmules of part of the historical material BMNH 23.10.7.1.(A–B) skeletal megascleres. (C) gemmule with spicular cage.(D) foramen. (E–F) close-up on the distal rotules of gemmuloscleres in the trilayered gemmular theca (FW- POR 428, FW-POR 429)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3654923" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3654923/files/figure.png" pageId="11">Figure 7</figureCitation>
|
||
) and fragments of a problematic Spongillida (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13022A49E76C8D11CE3644C82976FB74" box="[786,879,1253,1277]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="13.[160,225,1235,1258]" captionTargetBox="[170,1145,144,1204]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[163,1153,142,1204]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 8. Morphotraits of Spongillida gen. sp. (cf. Pottsiela; BMNH 23.10.7.1 partim; FW-POR 429). See Figure 6. Microphotographs of gemmules and spicular complement morphotraits.(A) gemmular theca with outer layer armed by spiny oxeas/strongyles/strongyloxeas as tangential gemmuloscleres irregularly arranged. (B) gemmules sharing the outer layer. (C) dense gemmuloscleres tangentially arranged at the outer surface. (D) gemmular theca (cross-section) with multilayered gemmuloscleres (pneumatic layer is absent). (E–G) smooth oxeas as skeletal megascleres (A–D, SEM; E–G, LM)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3654927" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3654927/files/figure.png" pageId="11">Figure 8</figureCitation>
|
||
). These latter fragments preliminarily studied here are characterised by an anisotropicı paucispicular skeleton; scanty spongin; smooth oxeas (195
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE76C8D11CF0B45072825FACB" box="[559,572,1322,1346]" italics="true" pageId="11">–</emphasis>
|
||
321 ×
|
||
<quantity id="4CC19B29E76C8D11CFA2450728F5FACB" box="[646,748,1322,1346]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="11" unit="mm" value="11.5" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="9.0">
|
||
9
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE76C8D11CFB0450728B8FACB" box="[660,673,1322,1346]" italics="true" pageId="11">–</emphasis>
|
||
14 µm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
; n = 25) with tapered tips as megascleresı rare stylesı rare centrotylotes and malformed spicules; shortı thinı smooth oxeas also present; sessile gemmules (
|
||
<quantity id="4CC19B29E76C8D11CF2C4542288FFA0E" box="[520,662,1391,1415]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="9.5" metricValueMin="7.5" pageId="11" unit="mm" value="850.0" valueMax="950.0" valueMin="750.0">
|
||
750
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE76C8D11CF1745422859FA0E" box="[563,576,1391,1415]" italics="true" pageId="11">–</emphasis>
|
||
950 µm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
in diameter) adhering to the basal spongin plate; bilayered gemmular theca; pneumatic layer absent; gemmuloscleres as spiny strongyles to oxeas (70
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE76C8D11CC9145992BDBFA45" box="[437,450,1460,1484]" italics="true" pageId="11">–</emphasis>
|
||
135 ×
|
||
<quantity id="4CC19B29E76C8D11CF324598286AFA44" box="[534,627,1460,1485]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="11" unit="mm" value="8.0" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="7.0">
|
||
7
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE76C8D11CF0745992829FA45" box="[547,560,1460,1484]" italics="true" pageId="11">–</emphasis>
|
||
9 µm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
; n = 25) tangentially arranged in the theca (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13022A49E76C8D11CD8C45FA2B1DFA66" box="[168,260,1495,1519]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="13.[160,225,1235,1258]" captionTargetBox="[170,1145,144,1204]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[163,1153,142,1204]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 8. Morphotraits of Spongillida gen. sp. (cf. Pottsiela; BMNH 23.10.7.1 partim; FW-POR 429). See Figure 6. Microphotographs of gemmules and spicular complement morphotraits.(A) gemmular theca with outer layer armed by spiny oxeas/strongyles/strongyloxeas as tangential gemmuloscleres irregularly arranged. (B) gemmules sharing the outer layer. (C) dense gemmuloscleres tangentially arranged at the outer surface. (D) gemmular theca (cross-section) with multilayered gemmuloscleres (pneumatic layer is absent). (E–G) smooth oxeas as skeletal megascleres (A–D, SEM; E–G, LM)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3654927" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3654927/files/figure.png" pageId="11">Figure 8</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF466644E76D8D10CD8445DD2834F93E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3654915" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3654915" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3654915/files/figure.png" pageId="10" startId="10.[160,225,1520,1543]" targetBox="[167,1151,951,1488]" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8636CCE76D8D10CD8445DD2834F93E" blockId="10.[160,1157,1519,1719]" pageId="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE76D8D10CD8445DD2AE5F98E" bold="true" box="[160,252,1520,1543]" pageId="10">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
||
(A), Morphotraits of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D4FE76D8D10CCF645C228DFF98F" authorityName="Penney and Raceki" authorityYear="1968" box="[466,710,1519,1542]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Heterorotula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="kakahuensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE76D8D10CCF645C228DFF98F" box="[466,710,1519,1542]" italics="true" pageId="10">Heterorotula kakahuensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D4FE76D8D10CFD745C229D7F98F" authorityName="Traxleri" authorityYear="1896" box="[755,974,1519,1542]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Ephydatia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="kakahuensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE76D8D10CFD745C229D7F98F" box="[755,974,1519,1542]" italics="true" pageId="10">Ephydatia kakahuensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, New Zealand) vs
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D4FE76D8D10CD8446202B45F9AD" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeusi" baseAuthorityYear="1759" box="[160,348,1549,1572]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Ephydatia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fluviatilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE76D8D10CD8446202B45F9AD" box="[160,348,1549,1572]" italics="true" pageId="10">Ephydatia fluviatilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(eastern Europe, original plate after
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B3DE76D8D10CFF446202953F9AD" author="Traxler L" box="[720,842,1549,1572]" pageId="10" pagination="102 - 105" refId="ref9421" refString="Traxler L. 1896. Uber einen neuen Susswasserschwamm aus Neu-Seeland. Termeszetraja Fuzetek. 19: 102 - 105 i pl. II." type="journal article" year="1896">Traxler 1896</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D4FE76D8D10CE7B462029F2F9AD" authorityName="Traxleri" authorityYear="1896" box="[863,1003,1549,1572]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Ephydatia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="kakahuensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE76D8D10CE7B462029F2F9AD" box="[863,1003,1549,1572]" italics="true" pageId="10">E. kakahuensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
1
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE76D8D10CEDB46202E15F9AD" box="[1023,1036,1549,1572]" italics="true" pageId="10">–</emphasis>
|
||
2, gemmule and detail of foramen, 5
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE76D8D10CCB046062BB8F9CB" box="[404,417,1579,1602]" italics="true" pageId="10">–</emphasis>
|
||
8, long birotules as gemmuloscleres, 9
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE76D8D10CE0746062929F9CB" box="[803,816,1579,1602]" italics="true" pageId="10">–</emphasis>
|
||
11, spiny oxeas as megascleres.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D4FE76D8D10C95746072AECF9D7" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeusi" baseAuthorityYear="1759" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Ephydatia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fluviatilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE76D8D10C95746072AECF9D7" italics="true" pageId="10">E. fluviatilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
3
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE76D8D10CC2246652B0AF9D6" box="[262,275,1608,1631]" italics="true" pageId="10">–</emphasis>
|
||
4, gemmule and detail of foramen, 12
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE76D8D10CFA746652889F9D6" box="[643,656,1608,1631]" italics="true" pageId="10">–</emphasis>
|
||
14, short birotules as gemmuloscleres. Not to scale. (B)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D4FE76D8D10CDE146482BBAF9F5" authorityName="Traxleri" authorityYear="1896" box="[197,419,1637,1660]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Ephydatia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="kakahuensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE76D8D10CDE146482BBAF9F5" box="[197,419,1637,1660]" italics="true" pageId="10">Ephydatia kakahuensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(modified after
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B3DE76D8D10CF6B464828F8F9F5" author="Schroder K" box="[591,737,1637,1660]" pageId="10" pagination="97 - 106" refId="ref9397" refString="Schroder K. 1935. Spongillidenstudien VII - Susswasserschwamme von Neuseelandi Borneo und Madagaskar. Zool Anz. 109: 97 - 106." type="journal article" year="1935">Schröder 1935</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). (Ba) megascleres. (Bb) gemmuloscleres (lateral view). (Bc) gemmuloscleres (top view); the gemmuloscleres are very similar to those of several other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D4FE76D8D10CC6046B22BBAF93F" authorityName="Lamourouxi" authorityYear="1816" box="[324,419,1695,1718]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Ephydatia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE76D8D10CC6046B22BBAF93F" box="[324,419,1695,1718]" italics="true" pageId="10">Ephydatia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Not to scale.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF466644E76C8D11CD84441829EAFBE0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3654919" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3654919" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3654919/files/figure.png" pageId="11" startId="11.[160,225,1077,1100]" targetBox="[166,1150,144,1041]" targetPageId="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8636CCE76C8D11CD84441829EAFBE0" blockId="11.[160,1155,1076,1129]" pageId="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE76C8D11CD8444182AE2FBC5" bold="true" box="[160,251,1077,1100]" pageId="11">Figure 6.</emphasis>
|
||
The historical material BMNH 23.10.7.1 previously identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D4FE76C8D11CE5E44192E4FFBC2" authorityName="Traxleri" authorityYear="1896" box="[890,1110,1076,1099]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Ephydatia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="11" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="kakahuensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE76C8D11CE5E44192E4FFBC2" box="[890,1110,1076,1099]" italics="true" pageId="11">Ephydatia kakahuensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and presently considered a mix of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D4FE76C8D11CCE8447F28A6FBE0" authorityName="Penney and Raceki" authorityYear="1968" box="[460,703,1106,1129]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Heterorotula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="11" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="kakahuensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE76C8D11CCE8447F28A6FBE0" box="[460,703,1106,1129]" italics="true" pageId="11">Heterorotula kakahuensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and a possible
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D4FE76C8D11CE79447F29B7FBE0" authorityName="Volkmer-Ribeiro, Souza-Machado, Furstenau-Oliveira & Vieira-Soares" authorityYear="2010" box="[861,942,1106,1129]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Pottsiela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="11" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE76C8D11CE79447F29B7FBE0" box="[861,942,1106,1129]" italics="true" pageId="11">Pottsiela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
taxon.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8636CCE76C8D11CDE445D72847F9F3" blockId="11.[160,1156,1218,1727]" pageId="11">
|
||
The second set of sponge fragmentsı
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED28AE09E76C8D11CF5145D728A5F99B" box="[629,700,1530,1554]" pageId="11">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
Dry Box n. 9 without label collected in 1924 (sampleı slideı stub
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED28AE09E76C8D11CC9246302808F9BC" box="[438,529,1565,1589]" pageId="11">FW-POR</collectionCode>
|
||
428ı
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED28AE09E76C8D11CF6F463028BFF9BC" box="[587,678,1565,1589]" pageId="11">FW-POR</collectionCode>
|
||
429) identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D4FE76C8D11CE5446302E9AF9BC" authorityName="Penney and Raceki" authorityYear="1968" box="[880,1155,1565,1589]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Heterorotula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="11" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="kakahuensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE76C8D11CE5446302E9AF9BC" box="[880,1155,1565,1589]" italics="true" pageId="11">Heterorotula kakahuensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was characterised by megascleres as oxeas spiny except at tipsı frequently centrotylote (177
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE76C8D11CDF5464F2AC7F9F3" box="[209,222,1634,1658]" italics="true" pageId="11">–</emphasis>
|
||
246 ×
|
||
<quantity id="4CC19B29E76C8D11CC02464F2B92F9F3" box="[294,395,1634,1658]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="1.9" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="11" unit="mm" value="14.0" valueMax="19.0" valueMin="9.0">
|
||
9
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE76C8D11CC10464F2B58F9F3" box="[308,321,1634,1658]" italics="true" pageId="11">–</emphasis>
|
||
19 µm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
; n = 25) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13022A49E76C8D11CCD1464F284BF9F3" box="[501,594,1634,1658]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="12.[160,225,1213,1236]" captionTargetBox="[169,1146,147,1178]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[163,1153,142,1182]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 7. Heterorotula kakahuensis (as Ephydatia kakahuensis). Megascleres and gemmules of part of the historical material BMNH 23.10.7.1.(A–B) skeletal megascleres. (C) gemmule with spicular cage.(D) foramen. (E–F) close-up on the distal rotules of gemmuloscleres in the trilayered gemmular theca (FW- POR 428, FW-POR 429)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3654923" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3654923/files/figure.png" pageId="11">Figure 7</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8636CCE76C8D16CDE446A8282FF9A6" blockId="11.[160,1156,1218,1727]" lastBlockId="12.[160,1155,1385,1583]" lastPageId="12" pageId="11">
|
||
More recent materials (1998) sampled from the Horomatangi Geothermal System (38° 49
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE76C8D11CD9F468A2AD8F936" bold="true" box="[187,193,1703,1727]" italics="true" pageId="11">ʹ</emphasis>
|
||
39.50
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE76C8D11CDD9468A2B1FF936" box="[253,262,1703,1727]" italics="true" pageId="11">”</emphasis>
|
||
Sı
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0D500BE76C8D11CC05468A2BD1F936" box="[289,456,1703,1727]" degrees="175" direction="east" minutes="59" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" precision="1" seconds="45.88" value="175.99608">
|
||
175°59
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE76C8D11CC49468A2B6AF936" bold="true" box="[365,371,1703,1727]" italics="true" pageId="11">ʹ</emphasis>
|
||
45.88
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE76C8D11CC8B468A2BA1F936" box="[431,440,1703,1727]" italics="true" pageId="11">”</emphasis>
|
||
E
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
) of Lake Taupo at
|
||
<quantity id="4CC19B29E76C8D11CFB3468A290AF936" box="[663,787,1703,1727]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.525" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.25" pageId="11" unit="m" value="152.5" valueMax="180.0" valueMin="125.0">
|
||
125
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE76C8D11CFE4468A28D4F936" box="[704,717,1703,1727]" italics="true" pageId="11">–</emphasis>
|
||
180 m
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
of depth by the submarine Jago together a video (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32E765CE76B8D16CC4C45442BE7FA08" box="[360,510,1385,1409]" name="New Zealand" pageId="12">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE76B8D16CCD945442813FA08" box="[509,522,1385,1409]" italics="true" pageId="12">–</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32E765CE76B8D16CF2F45442868FA08" box="[523,625,1385,1409]" name="Germany" pageId="12">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE76B8D16CF5C45442971FA08" box="[632,872,1385,1409]" italics="true" pageId="12">Taupo ’98 dive project</emphasis>
|
||
) were kindly supplied by Karen Hissman (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED28AE09E76B8D16CC6B45A12BB5FA2D" box="[335,428,1420,1444]" pageId="12">FW-POR</collectionCode>
|
||
564ı
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED28AE09E76B8D16CCC245A12858FA2D" box="[486,577,1420,1444]" pageId="12">FW-POR</collectionCode>
|
||
565ı
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED28AE09E76B8D16CF5E45A128CCFA2D" box="[634,725,1420,1444]" pageId="12">FW-POR</collectionCode>
|
||
566ı
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED28AE09E76B8D16CE2A45A12970FA2D" box="[782,873,1420,1444]" pageId="12">FW-POR</collectionCode>
|
||
567) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13022A49E76B8D16CE8845A12E20FA2D" box="[940,1081,1420,1444]" captionStart-0="Figure 9" captionStart-1="Figure 10" captionStartId-0="14.[160,225,1577,1600]" captionStartId-1="16.[159,224,1252,1275]" captionTargetBox-0="[173,1149,148,1541]" captionTargetBox-1="[164,1147,146,1217]" captionTargetId-0="figure@14.[167,1157,142,1546]" captionTargetId-1="figure@16.[161,1151,144,1220]" captionTargetPageId-0="14" captionTargetPageId-1="16" captionText-0="Figure 9. Heterorotula kakauensis sampled from the Horomatangi Geothermal System of Lake Taupo, New Zealand at 125–180 m depth (by the submarine Jago). (A) ectosomal skeleton at the sponge surface. (B) choanosomal skeleton. (C–E) spiny oxeas as megascleres with rosette–like (verticillate) spinosity. (F) gemmule. (G) top view of the distal rotules of the gemmuloscleres at the gemmular theca surface.(H) gemmulosclere.(I) malformed gemmulosclere.(A–B FW-POR 564, C–E FW-POR 566;F–I FW- POR 565)." captionText-1="Figure 10. Heterorotula kakauensis. (A–F) The sponge population settled in the Horomatangi Geothermal System of Lake Taupo, New Zealand at 125–180 m depth (by the submarine Jago)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3654931" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3654935" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3654931/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3654935/files/figure.png" pageId="12">
|
||
Figures 9
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE76B8D16C93445A12E04FA2D" box="[1040,1053,1420,1444]" italics="true" pageId="12">–</emphasis>
|
||
10
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
) and a few specimens/fragments have been frozen and registered (Belinda Alvarez de Glasbyı
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE76B8D16C94B45822AFBFA60" italics="true" pageId="12">in litteris</emphasis>
|
||
; see also
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B3DE76B8D16CC6D45FC2830FA60" author="de Ronde CEJi Stoffers Pi Garbe-Schonberg Di Christenson BWi Jones Bi Manconi Ri Browne PRLi Hissmann Ki Botz Ri Davy Bi" box="[329,553,1489,1513]" pageId="12" pagination="257 - 275" refId="ref7944" refString="de Ronde CEJi Stoffers Pi Garbe-Schonberg Di Christenson BWi Jones Bi Manconi Ri Browne PRLi Hissmann Ki Botz Ri Davy Bi et al. 2002. Discovery of active hydrothermal venting in Lake Taupoi New Zealand. J Volcanol Geotherm Res. 115: 257 - 275. doi: 10.1016 / S 0377 - 0273 (01) 00332 - 8." type="journal article" year="2002">de Ronde et al. 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). We compared these latter specimens by LM and
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED28AE09E76B8D16C97745FC2E9AFA60" box="[1107,1155,1489,1513]" pageId="12">SEM</collectionCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13022A49E76B8D16CD8C45D92B25F985" box="[168,316,1524,1548]" captionStart-0="Figure 9" captionStart-1="Figure 10" captionStartId-0="14.[160,225,1577,1600]" captionStartId-1="16.[159,224,1252,1275]" captionTargetBox-0="[173,1149,148,1541]" captionTargetBox-1="[164,1147,146,1217]" captionTargetId-0="figure@14.[167,1157,142,1546]" captionTargetId-1="figure@16.[161,1151,144,1220]" captionTargetPageId-0="14" captionTargetPageId-1="16" captionText-0="Figure 9. Heterorotula kakauensis sampled from the Horomatangi Geothermal System of Lake Taupo, New Zealand at 125–180 m depth (by the submarine Jago). (A) ectosomal skeleton at the sponge surface. (B) choanosomal skeleton. (C–E) spiny oxeas as megascleres with rosette–like (verticillate) spinosity. (F) gemmule. (G) top view of the distal rotules of the gemmuloscleres at the gemmular theca surface.(H) gemmulosclere.(I) malformed gemmulosclere.(A–B FW-POR 564, C–E FW-POR 566;F–I FW- POR 565)." captionText-1="Figure 10. Heterorotula kakauensis. (A–F) The sponge population settled in the Horomatangi Geothermal System of Lake Taupo, New Zealand at 125–180 m depth (by the submarine Jago)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3654931" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3654935" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3654931/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3654935/files/figure.png" pageId="12">
|
||
Figures 9
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE76B8D16CC3045D92B38F985" box="[276,289,1524,1548]" italics="true" pageId="12">–</emphasis>
|
||
10
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
) with the previous descriptions and illustrations (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13022A49E76B8D16CEB645D929EDF985" box="[914,1012,1524,1548]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="6.[160,225,1753,1776]" captionTargetBox="[187,1125,144,1720]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[184,1131,142,1722]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 3. Gemmuloscleres with divergent diagnostic morphotraits. Comparison of type specimens of the type species of the genera Ephydatia (A–B, E. fluviatilis), Heterorotula (C–E, H. capewelli), Pachyrotula (F–G, P. raceki) and Oncosclera (H–J, O. jewelli)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3654907" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3654907/files/figure.png" pageId="12">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
) and vs reanalysed
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED28AE09E76B8D16CC2E463A2B48F9A6" box="[266,337,1559,1583]" pageId="12">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
materials (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13022A49E76B8D16CCE9463A2830F9A6" box="[461,553,1559,1583]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="12.[160,225,1213,1236]" captionTargetBox="[169,1146,147,1178]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[163,1153,142,1182]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 7. Heterorotula kakahuensis (as Ephydatia kakahuensis). Megascleres and gemmules of part of the historical material BMNH 23.10.7.1.(A–B) skeletal megascleres. (C) gemmule with spicular cage.(D) foramen. (E–F) close-up on the distal rotules of gemmuloscleres in the trilayered gemmular theca (FW- POR 428, FW-POR 429)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3654923" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3654923/files/figure.png" pageId="12">Figure 7</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF466644E76B8D16CD8444902B91FAA5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3654923" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3654923" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3654923/files/figure.png" pageId="12" startId="12.[160,225,1213,1236]" targetBox="[169,1146,147,1178]" targetPageId="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8636CCE76B8D16CD8444902B91FAA5" blockId="12.[160,1156,1213,1324]" pageId="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE76B8D16CD8444902AE3FB5D" bold="true" box="[160,250,1213,1236]" pageId="12">Figure 7.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D4FE76B8D16CC2644902BEDFB5D" authorityName="Penney and Raceki" authorityYear="1968" box="[258,500,1213,1236]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Heterorotula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="12" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="kakahuensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE76B8D16CC2644902BEDFB5D" box="[258,500,1213,1236]" italics="true" pageId="12">Heterorotula kakahuensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D4FE76B8D16CF3B449028E0FB5D" authorityName="Traxleri" authorityYear="1896" box="[543,761,1213,1236]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Ephydatia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="12" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="kakahuensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE76B8D16CF3B449028E0FB5D" box="[543,761,1213,1236]" italics="true" pageId="12">Ephydatia kakahuensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Megascleres and gemmules of part of the historical material BMNH 23.10.7.1. (A
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE76B8D16CF1644F72826FB78" box="[562,575,1242,1265]" italics="true" pageId="12">–</emphasis>
|
||
B) skeletal megascleres. (C) gemmule with spicular cage. (D) foramen. (E
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE76B8D16CC2B44D52B05FA86" box="[271,284,1272,1295]" italics="true" pageId="12">–</emphasis>
|
||
F) close-up on the distal rotules of gemmuloscleres in the trilayered gemmular theca (FW- POR 428, FW-POR 429).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3236547E76B8D08CD84464D2939FE87" lastPageId="18" pageId="12" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8636CCE76B8D16CD84464D2856F9F3" blockId="12.[160,1156,1632,1727]" box="[160,591,1632,1658]" pageId="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE76B8D16CD84464D2856F9F3" bold="true" box="[160,591,1632,1658]" italics="true" pageId="12">Description (emended from original)</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8636CCE76B8D15CD8446A82977FDAD" blockId="12.[160,1156,1632,1727]" lastBlockId="15.[160,1156,142,548]" lastPageId="15" pageId="12">
|
||
Sponges notably largeı up to 15 ×
|
||
<quantity id="4CC19B29E76B8D16CF4A46A828A4F914" box="[622,701,1669,1693]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="12" unit="cm" value="25.0">25 cm</quantity>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE76B8D16CFEA46A82939F914" box="[718,800,1669,1693]" italics="true" pageId="12">in vivo</emphasis>
|
||
. Growth form ranging from encrusting with ripples and burls to massive with flabellate or lobate surfaceı with single lobes reaching up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CC19B29E76A8D17CCD545F22835FA7E" box="[497,556,1503,1527]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="13" unit="cm" value="3.0">3 cm</quantity>
|
||
in length. Large oscula at the top of some lobes. Colour whiteı sometimes with pinkish and bluish patchesı suggesting a symbiosis with bacteria. Consistency fragile
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE76A8D17CF1446092864F9B5" box="[560,637,1572,1596]" italics="true" pageId="13">in vivo</emphasis>
|
||
ı softı compressible. Skeletal network anisotropic with ascending primary fibres joined by irregular secondaries. Megascleres as spiny oxeas (188
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE76A8D17CC4546442B77F908" box="[353,366,1641,1665]" italics="true" pageId="13">–</emphasis>
|
||
288 × 11
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE76A8D17CCF346442BFDF908" box="[471,484,1641,1665]" italics="true" pageId="13">–</emphasis>
|
||
22 µmı n = 27ı FW-POR 564; 170
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE76A8D17CE4646442976F908" box="[866,879,1641,1665]" italics="true" pageId="13">–</emphasis>
|
||
240 × 8
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE76A8D17CEEE464429CEF908" box="[970,983,1641,1665]" italics="true" pageId="13">–</emphasis>
|
||
12 µmı n = 27ı FW-POR 566); spines with rosette
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE76A8D17CF0F46A12821F92D" box="[555,568,1676,1700]" italics="true" pageId="13">–</emphasis>
|
||
like tips (verticillate). Malformed megascleres and gemmuloscleres also present. Microscleres absent. Brooded larvae in the mesohyl. Gemmules rareı subspherical (
|
||
<quantity id="4CC19B29E7688D15CF26409C288CFF40" box="[514,661,177,201]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="15" unit="mm" value="550.0" valueMax="600.0" valueMin="500.0">
|
||
500
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE7688D15CF0A409C2822FF40" box="[558,571,177,201]" italics="true" pageId="15">–</emphasis>
|
||
600 µm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
in diameter) sometimes within a cage of spiny oxeas. Foramen open (SEM)ı simple (without collar) and with a conspicuous area of gemmular surface smooth (without spicules). Gemmular theca thickı with a not well-defined structureı pneumatic layer irreguları not well developed with minute chambers only in some areas. Gemmuloscleres birotules radially embedded in the gemmular thecaı with proximal rotules closely adhering to the inner layer of compact spongin and distal rotules emerging at its surface. Inner layer sublayered. Birotules with densely spiny/tubercled/granulated rotules; shaft length variable in the same gemmule (38
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE7688D15CC1D41EB2B5FFE57" box="[313,326,454,478]" italics="true" pageId="15">–</emphasis>
|
||
44 × 4
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE7688D15CCB741EB2BB9FE57" box="[403,416,454,478]" italics="true" pageId="15">–</emphasis>
|
||
7 µmı rotule diameter
|
||
<quantity id="4CC19B29E7688D15CF8C41EB2904FE57" box="[680,797,454,478]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.05" metricValueMax="2.6" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="15" unit="mm" value="20.5" valueMax="26.0" valueMin="15.0">
|
||
15
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE7688D15CFE741EB28C9FE57" box="[707,720,454,478]" italics="true" pageId="15">–</emphasis>
|
||
26 µm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
; FW-POR 565). Rotules notably polymorphic within the same gemmuleı flat to curved with toothed marginsı with rays or hooks of variable number and morph (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13022A49E7688D15CFEE42212933FDAD" box="[714,810,524,548]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="14.[160,225,1577,1600]" captionTargetBox="[173,1149,148,1541]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[167,1157,142,1546]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 9. Heterorotula kakauensis sampled from the Horomatangi Geothermal System of Lake Taupo, New Zealand at 125–180 m depth (by the submarine Jago). (A) ectosomal skeleton at the sponge surface. (B) choanosomal skeleton. (C–E) spiny oxeas as megascleres with rosette–like (verticillate) spinosity. (F) gemmule. (G) top view of the distal rotules of the gemmuloscleres at the gemmular theca surface.(H) gemmulosclere.(I) malformed gemmulosclere.(A–B FW-POR 564, C–E FW-POR 566;F–I FW- POR 565)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3654931" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3654931/files/figure.png" pageId="15">Figure 9</figureCitation>
|
||
(G
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE7688D15CE6042262948FDAA" box="[836,849,523,547]" italics="true" pageId="15">–</emphasis>
|
||
I)).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF466644E76A8D17CD8444FE2E5AFAF4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3654927" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3654927" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3654927/files/figure.png" pageId="13" startId="13.[160,225,1235,1258]" targetBox="[170,1145,144,1204]" targetPageId="13">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8636CCE76A8D17CD8444FE2E5AFAF4" blockId="13.[160,1155,1235,1405]" pageId="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE76A8D17CD8444FE2AE3FB63" bold="true" box="[160,250,1235,1258]" pageId="13">Figure 8.</emphasis>
|
||
Morphotraits of Spongillida gen. sp. (cf.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D4FE76A8D17CFAD44FE28C3FB63" authorityName="Volkmer-Ribeiro, Souza-Machado, Furstenau-Oliveira & Vieira-Soares" authorityYear="2010" box="[649,730,1235,1258]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Pottsiela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="13" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE76A8D17CFAD44FE28C3FB63" box="[649,730,1235,1258]" italics="true" pageId="13">Pottsiela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; BMNH 23.10.7.1 partim; FW-POR 429). See Figure 6. Microphotographs of gemmules and spicular complement morphotraits. (A) gemmular theca with outer layer armed by spiny oxeas/strongyles/strongyloxeas as tangential gemmuloscleres irregularly arranged. (B) gemmules sharing the outer layer. (C) dense gemmuloscleres tangentially arranged at the outer surface. (D) gemmular theca (cross-section) with multilayered gemmuloscleres (pneumatic layer is absent). (E
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE76A8D17CCEF454B2BC1FAF4" box="[459,472,1382,1405]" italics="true" pageId="13">–</emphasis>
|
||
G) smooth oxeas as skeletal megascleres (A
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE76A8D17CEA2454B298AFAF4" box="[902,915,1382,1405]" italics="true" pageId="13">–</emphasis>
|
||
D, SEM; E
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE76A8D17CED4454B29E4FAF4" box="[1008,1021,1382,1405]" italics="true" pageId="13">–</emphasis>
|
||
G, LM).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF466644E7698D14CD8446042B18F95A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3654931" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3654931" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3654931/files/figure.png" pageId="14" startId="14.[160,225,1577,1600]" targetBox="[173,1149,148,1541]" targetPageId="14">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8636CCE7698D14CD8446042B18F95A" blockId="14.[160,1165,1577,1747]" pageId="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE7698D14CD8446042AE2F9C9" bold="true" box="[160,251,1577,1600]" pageId="14">Figure 9.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D4FE7698D14CC2646042BF0F9C9" box="[258,489,1577,1600]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Heterorotula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="14" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="kakauensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE7698D14CC2646042BF0F9C9" box="[258,489,1577,1600]" italics="true" pageId="14">Heterorotula kakauensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sampled from the Horomatangi Geothermal System of Lake Taupo, New Zealand at 125
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE7698D14CC4A466A2B62F9D7" box="[366,379,1607,1630]" italics="true" pageId="14">–</emphasis>
|
||
180 m depth (by the submarine Jago). (A) ectosomal skeleton at the sponge surface. (B) choanosomal skeleton. (C
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE7698D14CF3846492830F9F2" box="[540,553,1636,1659]" italics="true" pageId="14">–</emphasis>
|
||
E) spiny oxeas as megascleres with rosette
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE7698D14CEC4464929F4F9F2" box="[992,1005,1636,1659]" italics="true" pageId="14">–</emphasis>
|
||
like (verticillate) spinosity. (F) gemmule. (G) top view of the distal rotules of the gemmuloscleres at the gemmular theca surface. (H) gemmulosclere. (I) malformed gemmulosclere. (A
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE7698D14CFD746B22919F93F" box="[755,768,1695,1718]" italics="true" pageId="14">–</emphasis>
|
||
B FW-POR 564, C
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE7698D14CE8646B229B6F93F" box="[930,943,1695,1718]" italics="true" pageId="14">–</emphasis>
|
||
E FW-POR 566; F
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE7698D14C96A46B22E42F93F" box="[1102,1115,1695,1718]" italics="true" pageId="14">–</emphasis>
|
||
I FW- POR 565).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8636CCE7688D15CD8442622AE0FDE0" blockId="15.[160,1156,591,929]" box="[160,249,591,617]" pageId="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE7688D15CD8442622AE0FDE0" bold="true" box="[160,249,591,617]" italics="true" pageId="15">Habitat</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8636CCE7688D15CD8442592935FC28" blockId="15.[160,1156,591,929]" pageId="15">
|
||
Sponges were found as flourishingı scattered assemblages at two hydrothermal vent fields with gas streaming (Te Hoata and Te Pupu)ı in Lake Taupo at a depth of
|
||
<quantity id="4CC19B29E7688D15C92342BB2E9AFD27" box="[1031,1155,662,686]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.355" metricValueMax="1.45" metricValueMin="1.26" pageId="15" unit="m" value="135.5" valueMax="145.0" valueMin="126.0">
|
||
126
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE7688D15C91442BB2E24FD27" box="[1072,1085,662,686]" italics="true" pageId="15">–</emphasis>
|
||
145 m
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13022A49E7688D15CD8342942B0BFD58" box="[167,274,697,721]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="16.[159,224,1252,1275]" captionTargetBox="[164,1147,146,1217]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[161,1151,144,1220]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 10. Heterorotula kakauensis. (A–F) The sponge population settled in the Horomatangi Geothermal System of Lake Taupo, New Zealand at 125–180 m depth (by the submarine Jago)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3654935" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3654935/files/figure.png" pageId="15">Figure 10</figureCitation>
|
||
). Maximum density was
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D3FFD45E7688D15CF0A429428D4FD58" box="[558,717,697,721]" pageId="15" type="generic">25 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
/m
|
||
<quantity id="4CC19B29E7688D15CFCC429E2909FD58" box="[744,784,691,721]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="15" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
|
||
some areas covering 60
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE7688D15C90242942E2AFD58" box="[1062,1075,697,721]" italics="true" pageId="15">–</emphasis>
|
||
70% of the available substrata (see also
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B3DE7688D15CF0D42F1293EFD7D" author="de Ronde CEJi Stoffers Pi Garbe-Schonberg Di Christenson BWi Jones Bi Manconi Ri Browne PRLi Hissmann Ki Botz Ri Davy Bi" box="[553,807,732,756]" pageId="15" pagination="257 - 275" refId="ref7944" refString="de Ronde CEJi Stoffers Pi Garbe-Schonberg Di Christenson BWi Jones Bi Manconi Ri Browne PRLi Hissmann Ki Botz Ri Davy Bi et al. 2002. Discovery of active hydrothermal venting in Lake Taupoi New Zealand. J Volcanol Geotherm Res. 115: 257 - 275. doi: 10.1016 / S 0377 - 0273 (01) 00332 - 8." type="journal article" year="2002">de Ronde et al. 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)ı which consisted of inactive chimneysı pinnacles and rocky crops (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13022A49E7688D15CF7C42D228DDFC9E" box="[600,708,767,791]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="16.[159,224,1252,1275]" captionTargetBox="[164,1147,146,1217]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[161,1151,144,1220]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 10. Heterorotula kakauensis. (A–F) The sponge population settled in the Horomatangi Geothermal System of Lake Taupo, New Zealand at 125–180 m depth (by the submarine Jago)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3654935" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3654935/files/figure.png" pageId="15">Figure 10</figureCitation>
|
||
). Elevated concentrations of silicaı salt and hydrocarbonsı together with high temperatures (44 °C) characterised the water column at a depth range of
|
||
<quantity id="4CC19B29E7688D15CCF943692843FCD5" box="[477,602,835,860]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4949999999999999" metricValueMax="1.73" metricValueMin="1.26" pageId="15" unit="m" value="149.5" valueMax="173.0" valueMin="126.0">
|
||
126
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE7688D15CF22436E280AFCD2" box="[518,531,835,859]" italics="true" pageId="15">–</emphasis>
|
||
173 m
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
(see also
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B3DE7688D15CFED436929A8FCD5" author="de Ronde CEJi Stoffers Pi Garbe-Schonberg Di Christenson BWi Jones Bi Manconi Ri Browne PRLi Hissmann Ki Botz Ri Davy Bi" box="[713,945,836,860]" pageId="15" pagination="257 - 275" refId="ref7944" refString="de Ronde CEJi Stoffers Pi Garbe-Schonberg Di Christenson BWi Jones Bi Manconi Ri Browne PRLi Hissmann Ki Botz Ri Davy Bi et al. 2002. Discovery of active hydrothermal venting in Lake Taupoi New Zealand. J Volcanol Geotherm Res. 115: 257 - 275. doi: 10.1016 / S 0377 - 0273 (01) 00332 - 8." type="journal article" year="2002">de Ronde et al. 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In these environmental conditionsı dermal membrane notably detached from the underlying choanosome
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE7688D15CDC043A42B35FC28" box="[228,300,905,929]" italics="true" pageId="15">in vivo</emphasis>
|
||
(Jago video) suggests active water pumping.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8636CCE7688D15CD8443E02B15FC6E" blockId="15.[160,1155,973,1068]" box="[160,268,973,999]" pageId="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE7688D15CD8443E02B15FC6E" bold="true" box="[160,268,973,999]" italics="true" pageId="15">Life cycle</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8636CCE7688D15CD8443DC2B20FBA5" blockId="15.[160,1155,973,1068]" pageId="15">The presence of larvae and gemmules (cryptobiosis) indicates sexual and asexual reproduction.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8636CCE7688D15CD8444752BB8FBFB" blockId="15.[160,1155,1112,1415]" box="[160,417,1112,1138]" pageId="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE7688D15CD8444752BB8FBFB" bold="true" box="[160,417,1112,1138]" italics="true" pageId="15">Associated organisms</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8636CCE7688D15CD8444512961FA0E" blockId="15.[160,1155,1112,1415]" pageId="15">
|
||
Protozoansı oligochaetesı nematodesı ostracodsı copepodsı amphipods and other taxa not identified at present were revealed by the dissection of spongesı together with frustules of at least six genera of diatoms densely incorporated into the mesohyl of sponges (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13022A49E7688D15CC3544C92B66FB75" box="[273,383,1252,1276]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="17.[159,224,1215,1238]" captionTargetBox="[164,1136,141,1172]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[161,1151,137,1185]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 11. Diatoms associated to Heterorotula kakahuensis in the Horomatangi Geothermal System of Lake Taupo, New Zealand. (A) Cyclotella stelligera. (B) Aulacoseira cf. granulata. (C) Epithemia sorex. (D) Asterionella formosa. (E) Rhopalodia sp. (F) surirella sp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3654939" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3654939/files/figure.png" pageId="15">Figure 11</figureCitation>
|
||
) (see also
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B3DE7688D15CF2644C92903FB75" author="Rota Ei Manconi R" box="[514,794,1252,1276]" pageId="15" pagination="58 - 67" refId="ref9309" refString="Rota Ei Manconi R. 2004. Taxonomy and ecology of sponge-associate Marionina spp. (Clitellata: Enchytraeidae) from the Horomatangi Geothermal System of Lake Taupo. New Zealand. Int Rev Hydrobiol. 89: 58 - 67. doi: 10.1002 / (ISSN) 1522 - 2632." type="journal article" year="2004">Rota and Manconi 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B3DE7688D15CE0F44C929EAFB75" author="Jones Bi de Ronde CEJi Renaut RWi Owen RB" box="[811,1011,1252,1276]" pageId="15" pagination="227 - 242" refId="ref8369" refString="Jones Bi de Ronde CEJi Renaut RWi Owen RB. 2007. Siliceous sublacustrine spring deposits around hydrothermal vents in Lake Taupoi New Zealand. J Geol Soc. 164 (1): 227 - 242. doi: 10.1144 / 0016 - 76492005 - 102." type="journal article" year="2007">Jones et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Epibenthic macrofauna sharing the same habitat with the sponges includes freshwater crayfish (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D4FE7688D15CD8C45042822FAC8" authority="Whitei 1842" authorityName="Whitei" authorityYear="1842" box="[168,571,1321,1345]" class="Malacostraca" family="Parastacidae" genus="Paranephrops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="planifrons">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE7688D15CD8C45042BA8FAC8" box="[168,433,1321,1345]" italics="true" pageId="15">Paranephrops planifrons</emphasis>
|
||
Whiteı 1842
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and native fishesı
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE7688D15CE2845042930FAC8" box="[780,809,1321,1345]" italics="true" pageId="15">viz</emphasis>
|
||
. the koaro (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D4FE7688D15CE8845042B5CFAED" authority="Guntheri 1866" authorityName="Guntheri" authorityYear="1866" class="Actinopterygii" family="Galaxiidae" genus="Galaxias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osmeriformes" pageId="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevipinnis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE7688D15CE8845042E9AFAC8" box="[940,1155,1321,1345]" italics="true" pageId="15">Galaxias brevipinnis</emphasis>
|
||
Güntherı 1866
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and the common bullyı or toitoi (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D4FE7688D15CFC345612AC1FA0E" authority="McDowalli 1975" authorityName="McDowalli" authorityYear="1975" class="Actinopterygii" family="Eleotridae" genus="Gobiomorphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cotidianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE7688D15CFC345612E1AFAED" box="[743,1027,1356,1380]" italics="true" pageId="15">Gobiomorphus cotidianus</emphasis>
|
||
McDowallı 1975
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B3DE7688D15CDC84542286FFA0E" author="Forsyth DJi Howard-Williams C" box="[236,630,1391,1415]" pageId="15" refId="ref8135" refString="Forsyth DJi Howard-Williams C 1983. Lake Taupo. New Zealand Department of Scientific and Industrial Research DSIR Info. Ser. 158 i 163 pp." type="book" year="1983">Forsyth and Howard-Williams 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B3DE7688D15CFA745422972FA0E" author="de Ronde CEJi Stoffers Pi Garbe-Schonberg Di Christenson BWi Jones Bi Manconi Ri Browne PRLi Hissmann Ki Botz Ri Davy Bi" box="[643,875,1391,1415]" pageId="15" pagination="257 - 275" refId="ref7944" refString="de Ronde CEJi Stoffers Pi Garbe-Schonberg Di Christenson BWi Jones Bi Manconi Ri Browne PRLi Hissmann Ki Botz Ri Davy Bi et al. 2002. Discovery of active hydrothermal venting in Lake Taupoi New Zealand. J Volcanol Geotherm Res. 115: 257 - 275. doi: 10.1016 / S 0377 - 0273 (01) 00332 - 8." type="journal article" year="2002">de Ronde et al. 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8636CCE7688D15CD84459E2B6CFA44" blockId="15.[160,1155,1459,1588]" box="[160,373,1459,1485]" pageId="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE7688D15CD84459E2B6CFA44" bold="true" box="[160,373,1459,1485]" italics="true" pageId="15">Geographic range</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8636CCE7688D15CD8445FA2E17F9BD" blockId="15.[160,1155,1459,1588]" pageId="15">
|
||
Endemic to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32E765CE7688D15CC0745FA2BACFA66" box="[291,437,1495,1519]" name="New Zealand" pageId="15">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
and recorded from Kakahu Riverı Canterburyı South Island; creek near Invercargillı South Island; Rotoiti Lakeı South Island; Lake Taupoı North Islandı coastal area and deep thermal vents; Lake Pupukeı Takapunaı Aucklandı North Island.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8636CCE7688D15CD84464D2B98F9F3" blockId="15.[160,1156,1632,1727]" box="[160,385,1632,1658]" pageId="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE7688D15CD84464D2B98F9F3" bold="true" box="[160,385,1632,1658]" italics="true" pageId="15">Historical accounts</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8636CCE7688D0ACD8446A8298FF9F0" blockId="15.[160,1156,1632,1727]" lastBlockId="16.[160,1155,1390,1726]" lastPageId="16" pageId="15">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B3DE7688D15CD8446A82B59F914" author="Chilton C" box="[160,320,1669,1693]" pageId="15" pagination="183" refId="ref7762" refString="Chilton C. 1883. A New Zealand freshwater sponge. N Z J Sci. 1: 183." type="journal article" year="1883">Chilton (1883)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
collected the first freshwater sponge sample of the Kakahu River in New Zealandı which was green with an encrusting growth form and a smooth surfaceı adhering to submerged stones and sticks in shallow running water (six miles from Temuka;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13022A49E7778D0ACC2345BC2B47FA20" box="[263,350,1425,1449]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="3.[160,225,1586,1609]" captionTargetBox="[164,1152,919,1554]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[163,1153,918,1555]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1. (A) Study area of Spongillida (Porifera, Demospongiae) in insular freshwater of Australasia. (B) New Caledonia Island harbours three endemic species viz. Heterorotula caledonensisı Oncosclera diahoti, and Pachyrotula raceki (genus Pachyrotula is also endemic). Heterorotula multidentata is shared by New Caledonia and Eastern Australia. (C) Geographic range of Heterorotula kakahuensis endemic to New Zealand." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3654899" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3654899/files/figure.png" pageId="16">Figure 1</figureCitation>
|
||
(C)).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B3DE7778D0ACCBC45BC282AFA20" author="Traxler L" box="[408,563,1425,1449]" pageId="16" pagination="102 - 105" refId="ref9421" refString="Traxler L. 1896. Uber einen neuen Susswasserschwamm aus Neu-Seeland. Termeszetraja Fuzetek. 19: 102 - 105 i pl. II." type="journal article" year="1896">Traxler (1896)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
re-examined Chilton
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE7778D0ACE0545BC293FFA20" box="[801,806,1425,1449]" italics="true" pageId="16">’</emphasis>
|
||
s materials andı probablyı new samples from the Kakahu River. His comparative analysis vs
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D4FE7778D0ACE5645992E58FA45" baseAuthorityName="Haswell" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[882,1089,1460,1484]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Ephydatia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="16" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ramsayi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE7778D0ACE5645992E58FA45" box="[882,1089,1460,1484]" italics="true" pageId="16">Ephydatia ramsayi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Australiaı described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B3DE7778D0ACCE145FB286CFA67" author="Haswell WA" box="[453,629,1494,1518]" pageId="16" pagination="208 - 210" refId="ref8210" refString="Haswell WA. 1882. On Australian freshwater sponges. Proc Linn Soc N S W. 7: 208 - 210. doi: 10.5962 / bhl. part. 22748." type="journal article" year="1882">Haswell (1882)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
ı and vs the European
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D4FE7778D0ACE8045FB2B7BF998" authority="(Linnaeusi 1759)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeusi" baseAuthorityYear="1759" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Ephydatia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="16" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fluviatilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE7778D0ACE8045FB2E9AFA67" box="[932,1155,1494,1518]" italics="true" pageId="16">Ephydatia fluviatilis</emphasis>
|
||
(Linnaeusı 1759)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ı as described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B3DE7778D0ACF6645D42910F998" author="Vejdovsky F" box="[578,777,1529,1553]" pageId="16" pagination="1 - 43" refId="ref9539" refString="Vejdovsky F. 1883. Die Susswasser-Schwamme Bohmens. Abh K Boh Ges Wiss. 12: 1 - 43. Pls I - III." type="journal article" year="1883">Vejdovsky (1883)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
ı resulted in the description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D4FE7778D0ACD8446312B83F9BD" authorityName="Traxleri" authorityYear="1896" box="[160,410,1564,1588]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Ephydatia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="16" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="kakahuensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE7778D0ACD8446312B83F9BD" box="[160,410,1564,1588]" italics="true" pageId="16">Ephydatia kakahuensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with details of the spicular complementı gemmules and morphometries (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13022A49E7778D0ACC2546132B45F9DF" box="[257,348,1598,1622]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[160,225,1520,1543]" captionTargetBox="[167,1151,951,1488]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[163,1153,947,1489]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 5. (A), Morphotraits of Heterorotula kakahuensis (as Ephydatia kakahuensis, New Zealand) vs Ephydatia fluviatilis (eastern Europe, original plate after Traxler 1896). E. kakahuensis 1–2, gemmule and detail of foramen, 5–8, long birotules as gemmuloscleres, 9–11, spiny oxeas as megascleres. E. fluviatilis 3–4, gemmule and detail of foramen, 12–14, short birotules as gemmuloscleres. Not to scale. (B) Ephydatia kakahuensis (modified after Schröder 1935). (Ba) megascleres. (Bb) gemmuloscleres (lateral view). (Bc) gemmuloscleres (top view); the gemmuloscleres are very similar to those of several other species of Ephydatia. Not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3654915" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3654915/files/figure.png" pageId="16">Figure 5</figureCitation>
|
||
(A)). The
|
||
<typeStatus id="5482886EE7778D0ACC9946132BF6F9DF" box="[445,495,1598,1622]" pageId="16">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material has apparently been lostı however a cotype (slide) is preserved in the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FDF82EE7778D0ACC5C464C2BA1F9F0" box="[376,440,1633,1657]" country="Germany" name="Berlin" pageId="16">Berlin</collectingRegion>
|
||
Zoological Museum has (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B3DE7778D0ACFFC464C295DF9F0" author="Gee NG" box="[728,836,1633,1657]" pageId="16" pagination="25 - 62" refId="ref8162" refString="Gee NG. 1931. Fresh-water sponges from Australia and New Zealand. Rec Aust Mus. 18: 25 - 62. doi: 10.3853 / j. 0067 - 1975.18.1931.716." type="journal article" year="1931">
|
||
Gee
|
||
<date id="FF87100CE7778D0ACE29464C295DF9F0" box="[781,836,1633,1657]" pageId="16" value="1931-01">1931</date>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
ı p. 49).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF466644E7778D0ACDBB44C92E4BFA91" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3654935" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3654935" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3654935/files/figure.png" pageId="16" startId="16.[159,224,1252,1275]" targetBox="[164,1147,146,1217]" targetPageId="16">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8636CCE7778D0ACDBB44C92E4BFA91" blockId="16.[159,1153,1251,1304]" pageId="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE7778D0ACDBB44C92B14FB72" bold="true" box="[159,269,1252,1275]" pageId="16">Figure 10.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D4FE7778D0ACC3F44CE2810FB73" box="[283,521,1251,1274]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Heterorotula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="16" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="kakauensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE7778D0ACC3F44CE2810FB73" box="[283,521,1251,1274]" italics="true" pageId="16">Heterorotula kakauensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. (A
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE7778D0ACF1544C92827FB72" box="[561,574,1252,1275]" italics="true" pageId="16">–</emphasis>
|
||
F) The sponge population settled in the Horomatangi Geothermal System of Lake Taupo, New Zealand at 125
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE7778D0ACFE3452C28CDFA91" box="[711,724,1281,1304]" italics="true" pageId="16">–</emphasis>
|
||
180 m depth (by the submarine Jago).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8636CCE7778D08CDE446A92939FE87" blockId="16.[160,1155,1390,1726]" lastBlockId="18.[160,1155,142,270]" lastPageId="18" pageId="16">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B3DE7778D0ACDE446A92B9DF915" author="Kirkpatrick R" box="[192,388,1668,1692]" pageId="16" pagination="400 - 401" refId="ref8417" refString="Kirkpatrick R. 1921. Note on a freshwater sponge from New Zealand. Ann Mag Nat Hist. 8: 400 - 401. doi: 10.1080 / 00222932108632599." type="journal article" year="1921">Kirkpatrick (1921)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
studied small specimens (~
|
||
<quantity id="4CC19B29E7778D0ACF9C46A9291EF915" box="[696,775,1668,1692]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="16" unit="cm" value="2.5">2.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter and height) stranded after a gale on the north shore of the Lake Taupo (
|
||
<quantity id="4CC19B29E7778D0ACFE9468B290AF937" box="[717,787,1702,1726]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.56" pageId="16" unit="m" value="356.0">356 m</quantity>
|
||
aslı North Islandı collected by Mr H.H. Hill of Napier;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13022A49E7768D0BCC5A45612BCEFAED" box="[382,471,1356,1380]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="3.[160,225,1586,1609]" captionTargetBox="[164,1152,919,1554]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[163,1153,918,1555]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1. (A) Study area of Spongillida (Porifera, Demospongiae) in insular freshwater of Australasia. (B) New Caledonia Island harbours three endemic species viz. Heterorotula caledonensisı Oncosclera diahoti, and Pachyrotula raceki (genus Pachyrotula is also endemic). Heterorotula multidentata is shared by New Caledonia and Eastern Australia. (C) Geographic range of Heterorotula kakahuensis endemic to New Zealand." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3654899" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3654899/files/figure.png" pageId="17">Figure 1</figureCitation>
|
||
(C)) and registered in the Natural History Museumı London (BMNH 21.11.15.1
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE7768D0BCC4245432B6AFA0F" box="[358,371,1390,1414]" italics="true" pageId="17">–</emphasis>
|
||
2). Growth form ranged from thin flat crusts without visible oscules in some specimensı to conical with a single large osculeı and others again were irregular and meandrine. The texture was fairly firmı and the body permeated by fine sand.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B3DE7768D0BC92F45992E9DFA45" author="Gee NG" box="[1035,1156,1460,1484]" pageId="17" pagination="25 - 62" refId="ref8162" refString="Gee NG. 1931. Fresh-water sponges from Australia and New Zealand. Rec Aust Mus. 18: 25 - 62. doi: 10.3853 / j. 0067 - 1975.18.1931.716." type="journal article" year="1931">Gee (1931)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
studied the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32E765CE7768D0BCC0C45FB2BA5FA67" box="[296,444,1494,1518]" name="New Zealand" pageId="17">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
collection registered in the Australian Museum of Sydney with two specimens labelled
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D4FE7768D0BCC9C45D42804F998" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[440,541,1529,1553]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Spongilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="17" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE7768D0BCC9C45D42804F998" box="[440,541,1529,1553]" italics="true" pageId="17">Spongilla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and a third one
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D4FE7768D0BCFC245D429A4F998" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeusi" baseAuthorityYear="1759" box="[742,957,1529,1553]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Ephydatia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="17" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fluviatilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE7768D0BCFC245D429A4F998" box="[742,957,1529,1553]" italics="true" pageId="17">Ephydatia fluviatilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. He identified all three as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D4FE7768D0BCC2046312BE6F9BD" authorityName="Traxleri" authorityYear="1896" box="[260,511,1564,1588]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Ephydatia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="17" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="kakahuensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE7768D0BCC2046312BE6F9BD" box="[260,511,1564,1588]" italics="true" pageId="17">Ephydatia kakahuensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ı despite the total absence of gemmules in any of themı and summarised previous data in a sort of mini-review.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B3DE7768D0BCE34461329DBF9DF" author="Schroder K" box="[784,962,1598,1622]" pageId="17" pagination="97 - 106" refId="ref9397" refString="Schroder K. 1935. Spongillidenstudien VII - Susswasserschwamme von Neuseelandi Borneo und Madagaskar. Zool Anz. 109: 97 - 106." type="journal article" year="1935">Schröder (1935)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported on four sponges (~
|
||
<quantity id="4CC19B29E7768D0BCC3F464C2B4CF9F0" box="[283,341,1633,1657]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="17" unit="cm" value="2.0">2 cm</quantity>
|
||
in length ×
|
||
<quantity id="4CC19B29E7768D0BCCC7464C2837F9F0" box="[483,558,1633,1657]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="17" unit="cm" value="1.5">1.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
in thickness;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13022A49E7768D0BCFEC464C293CF9F0" box="[712,805,1633,1657]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[160,225,1520,1543]" captionTargetBox="[167,1151,951,1488]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[163,1153,947,1489]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 5. (A), Morphotraits of Heterorotula kakahuensis (as Ephydatia kakahuensis, New Zealand) vs Ephydatia fluviatilis (eastern Europe, original plate after Traxler 1896). E. kakahuensis 1–2, gemmule and detail of foramen, 5–8, long birotules as gemmuloscleres, 9–11, spiny oxeas as megascleres. E. fluviatilis 3–4, gemmule and detail of foramen, 12–14, short birotules as gemmuloscleres. Not to scale. (B) Ephydatia kakahuensis (modified after Schröder 1935). (Ba) megascleres. (Bb) gemmuloscleres (lateral view). (Bc) gemmuloscleres (top view); the gemmuloscleres are very similar to those of several other species of Ephydatia. Not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3654915" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3654915/files/figure.png" pageId="17">Figure 5</figureCitation>
|
||
(B)) associated to the bryozoan
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D4FE7768D0BCD8446A92851F915" authority="Blumenbachi 1779" authorityName="Blumenbachi" authorityYear="1779" box="[160,584,1668,1692]" class="Phylactolaemata" family="Fredericellidae" genus="Fredericella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plumatellida" pageId="17" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="sultana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE7768D0BCD8446A92B6AF915" box="[160,371,1668,1692]" italics="true" pageId="17">Fredericella sultana</emphasis>
|
||
Blumenbachı 1779
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at a depth of
|
||
<quantity id="4CC19B29E7768D0BCFC146A92905F915" box="[741,796,1668,1692]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="17" unit="m" value="40.0">40 m</quantity>
|
||
in Lake Rotoitiı North Island. No further records had emerged for a long time (33 years) when
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B3DE7768D0BCE74468B2E7BF937" author="Penney JTi Racek AA" box="[848,1122,1702,1726]" pageId="17" pagination="1 - 184" refId="ref9194" refString="Penney JTi Racek AA. 1968. Comprehensive revision of a worldwide collection of freshwater sponges (Porifera: Spongillidae). Bull U S Natl Mus. 272: 1 - 184. doi: 10.5479 / si. 03629236.272.1." type="journal article" year="1968">
|
||
Penney and Racek (
|
||
<date id="FF87100CE7768D0BC90F468B2E7BF937" box="[1067,1122,1702,1726]" pageId="17" value="1968-01">1968</date>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
ı p. 103) considered
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE7758D08CC4440A32B7FFF2F" box="[352,358,142,166]" italics="true" pageId="18">‘</emphasis>
|
||
it advisable to include it provisionally in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D4FE7758D08CE9A40A32E5FFF2F" authorityName="Penney and Raceki" authorityYear="1968" box="[958,1094,142,166]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Heterorotula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="18" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE7758D08CE9A40A32E5FFF2F" box="[958,1094,142,166]" italics="true" pageId="18">Heterorotula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
until evidence as to the contrary can be demonstrated
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE7758D08CF9A409C28DAFF40" box="[702,707,177,201]" italics="true" pageId="18">’</emphasis>
|
||
. After 22 yearsı
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B3DE7758D08CE55409C2E08FF40" author="Crowell RM" box="[881,1041,177,201]" pageId="18" pagination="265 - 269" refId="ref7901" refString="Crowell RM. 1990. Unionicola (Pentatax) billieaehonore n. sp. a sponge-associated Hydracarina (Acari: Unionicolidae) from New Zealand. N Z J Zool. 17: 265 - 269. doi: 10.1080 / 03014223.1990.10422601." type="journal article" year="1990">Crowell (1990)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described the new species of water mite
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D4FE7758D08CCD440F92960FF65" authorityName="Crowell" authorityYear="1990" box="[496,889,212,236]" class="Arachnida" family="Unionicolidae" genus="Unionicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="billieaehonore" subGenus="Pentatax">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE7758D08CCD440F9287DFF65" box="[496,612,212,236]" italics="true" pageId="18">Unionicola</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE7758D08CF5640F928CBFF65" box="[626,722,212,236]" italics="true" pageId="18">Pentatax</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE7758D08CFC440F92960FF65" box="[736,889,212,236]" italics="true" pageId="18">billieaehonore</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
associated to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D4FE7758D08C93240F92890FE87" authority="in Lake Rotoiti and Lake Taupo" authorityName="in Lake Rotoiti and Lake Taupo" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Ephydatia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="18" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="kakahuensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE7758D08C93240F92B3CFE87" italics="true" pageId="18">Ephydatia kakahuensis</emphasis>
|
||
in Lake Rotoiti and Lake Taupo
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13022A49E7758D08CFB340DB28F7FE87" box="[663,750,246,270]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="3.[160,225,1586,1609]" captionTargetBox="[164,1152,919,1554]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[163,1153,918,1555]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1. (A) Study area of Spongillida (Porifera, Demospongiae) in insular freshwater of Australasia. (B) New Caledonia Island harbours three endemic species viz. Heterorotula caledonensisı Oncosclera diahoti, and Pachyrotula raceki (genus Pachyrotula is also endemic). Heterorotula multidentata is shared by New Caledonia and Eastern Australia. (C) Geographic range of Heterorotula kakahuensis endemic to New Zealand." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3654899" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3654899/files/figure.png" pageId="18">Figure 1</figureCitation>
|
||
(C)).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF466644E7768D0BCDBB449228AEFA98" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3654939" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3654939" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3654939/files/figure.png" pageId="17" startId="17.[159,224,1215,1238]" targetBox="[164,1136,141,1172]" targetPageId="17">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8636CCE7768D0BCDBB449228AEFA98" blockId="17.[159,1154,1215,1297]" pageId="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE7768D0BCDBB44922B1CFB5F" bold="true" box="[159,261,1215,1238]" pageId="17">Figure 11.</emphasis>
|
||
Diatoms associated to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D4FE7768D0BCCCD449228C2FB5F" authorityName="Penney and Raceki" authorityYear="1968" box="[489,731,1215,1238]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Heterorotula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="17" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="kakahuensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE7768D0BCCCD449228C2FB5F" box="[489,731,1215,1238]" italics="true" pageId="17">Heterorotula kakahuensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Horomatangi Geothermal System of Lake Taupo, New Zealand. (A)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D4FE7768D0BCCEC44F12867FB7A" box="[456,638,1244,1267]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Stephanodiscaceae" genus="Cyclotella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Thalassiosirales" pageId="17" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="stelligera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE7768D0BCCEC44F12867FB7A" box="[456,638,1244,1267]" italics="true" pageId="17">Cyclotella stelligera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. (B)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D4FE7768D0BCF8E44F1290EFB7A" authorityName="G.H.K.Thwaites" authorityYear="1848" box="[682,791,1244,1267]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Aulacoseiraceae" genus="Aulacoseira" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Aulacoseirales" pageId="17" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE7768D0BCF8E44F1290EFB7A" box="[682,791,1244,1267]" italics="true" pageId="17">Aulacoseira</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE7768D0BCE1D44F1298EFB7A" box="[825,919,1244,1267]" italics="true" pageId="17">granulata</emphasis>
|
||
. (C)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D4FE7768D0BCEE744F12E43FB7A" box="[963,1114,1244,1267]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Rhopalodiaceae" genus="Epithemia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rhopalodiales" pageId="17" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="sorex">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE7768D0BCEE744F12E43FB7A" box="[963,1114,1244,1267]" italics="true" pageId="17">Epithemia sorex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. (D)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D4FE7768D0BCDBB44D42B7AFA99" authorityName="A.H.Hassall" authorityYear="1850" box="[159,355,1273,1296]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Asterionella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="17" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="formosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE7768D0BCDBB44D42B7AFA99" box="[159,355,1273,1296]" italics="true" pageId="17">Asterionella formosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. (E)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D4FE7768D0BCCB444D42BE4FA99" authorityName="G.F.O.Muller" authorityYear="1895" box="[400,509,1273,1296]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Rhopalodiaceae" genus="Rhopalodia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rhopalodiales" pageId="17" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE7768D0BCCB444D42BE4FA99" box="[400,509,1273,1296]" italics="true" pageId="17">Rhopalodia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (F)
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE7768D0BCF6244D4288AFA99" box="[582,659,1273,1296]" italics="true" pageId="17">surirella</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3236547E7758D08CD8441162E7FF936" pageId="18" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8636CCE7758D08CD8441162B1FFEDC" blockId="18.[160,1157,315,1727]" box="[160,262,315,341]" pageId="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE7758D08CD8441162B1FFEDC" bold="true" box="[160,262,315,341]" italics="true" pageId="18">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8636CCE7758D08CD8441722960FE34" blockId="18.[160,1157,315,1727]" pageId="18">
|
||
Erroneous identifications of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D4FE7758D08CCF24172286EFEFE" authorityName="Penney and Raceki" authorityYear="1968" box="[470,631,351,375]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Heterorotula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="18" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="kakahuensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE7758D08CCF24172286EFEFE" box="[470,631,351,375]" italics="true" pageId="18">H. kakahuensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have occasionally been reported (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B3DE7758D08CECB41722E67FEFE" author="Chilton C" box="[1007,1150,351,375]" pageId="18" pagination="183" refId="ref7762" refString="Chilton C. 1883. A New Zealand freshwater sponge. N Z J Sci. 1: 183." type="journal article" year="1883">Chilton 1883</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B3DE7758D08CD8441AF2B35FE13" author="Hutton FW" box="[160,300,386,410]" pageId="18" refId="ref8296" refString="Hutton FW. 1904. Index Faunae Novae Zealandiae. London: Dulau and Co. i Ltd.; p. 323." type="journal volume" year="1904">Hutton 1904</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B3DE7758D08CC1241AF2B86FE13" author="Gee NG" box="[310,415,386,410]" pageId="18" pagination="25 - 62" refId="ref8162" refString="Gee NG. 1931. Fresh-water sponges from Australia and New Zealand. Rec Aust Mus. 18: 25 - 62. doi: 10.3853 / j. 0067 - 1975.18.1931.716." type="journal article" year="1931">Gee 1931</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B3DE7758D08CC8D41AF2853FE13" author="Schroder K" box="[425,586,386,410]" pageId="18" pagination="97 - 106" refId="ref9397" refString="Schroder K. 1935. Spongillidenstudien VII - Susswasserschwamme von Neuseelandi Borneo und Madagaskar. Zool Anz. 109: 97 - 106." type="journal article" year="1935">Schröder 1935</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) as
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE7758D08CF5041AF2B19FE34" italics="true" pageId="18">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D4FE7758D08CF5041AF2952FE13" box="[628,843,386,410]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Ephydatia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="18" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fluviatilisi">Ephydatia fluviatilisı</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D4FE7758D08CE7541AF2E00FE13" box="[849,1049,386,410]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Spongilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="18" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lacustrisi">Spongilla lacustrisı</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D4FE7758D08C93A41AF2B19FE34" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1759" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Spongilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="18" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fluviatilis">Spongilla fluviatilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D4FE7758D08CC1E41882BF7FE34" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1851" box="[314,494,421,445]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Spongilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="18" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fragilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE7758D08CC1E41882BF7FE34" box="[314,494,421,445]" italics="true" pageId="18">Spongilla fragilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see details in Historical accounts).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8636CCE7758D08CDE441EA2B1BFD5B" blockId="18.[160,1157,315,1727]" pageId="18">
|
||
Moreover the BMNH 23.10.7.1 set analysed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13022A49E7758D08CF8941EA2911FE56" box="[685,776,455,479]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="11.[160,225,1077,1100]" captionTargetBox="[166,1150,144,1041]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[163,1153,142,1045]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 6. The historical material BMNH 23.10.7.1 previously identified as Ephydatia kakahuensis and presently considered a mix of Heterorotula kakahuensis and a possible Pottsiela taxon." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3654919" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3654919/files/figure.png" pageId="18">Figure 6</figureCitation>
|
||
) resulted in a mix of two taxaı
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE7758D08C94441EA2B53FD8B" italics="true" pageId="18">
|
||
viz.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D4FE7758D08CD8441C72B53FD8B" authorityName="Penney and Raceki" authorityYear="1968" box="[160,330,490,514]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Heterorotula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="18" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="kakahuensis">H. kakahuensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13022A49E7758D08CC7B41C72BDAFD8B" box="[351,451,490,514]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="12.[160,225,1213,1236]" captionTargetBox="[169,1146,147,1178]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[163,1153,142,1182]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 7. Heterorotula kakahuensis (as Ephydatia kakahuensis). Megascleres and gemmules of part of the historical material BMNH 23.10.7.1.(A–B) skeletal megascleres. (C) gemmule with spicular cage.(D) foramen. (E–F) close-up on the distal rotules of gemmuloscleres in the trilayered gemmular theca (FW- POR 428, FW-POR 429)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3654923" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3654923/files/figure.png" pageId="18">Figure 7</figureCitation>
|
||
) and a problematic species of
|
||
<location id="8EE66017E7758D08CE6241C729DDFD8B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039087DAE76D8D08CCB842042E7FF936:8EE66017E7758D08CE6241C729DDFD8B" box="[838,964,490,514]" country="Brazil" name="Spongillida" pageId="18">Spongillida</location>
|
||
(see gemmules
|
||
<figureCitation id="13022A49E7758D08CD8442202AE4FDAC" box="[160,253,525,549]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="13.[160,225,1235,1258]" captionTargetBox="[170,1145,144,1204]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[163,1153,142,1204]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 8. Morphotraits of Spongillida gen. sp. (cf. Pottsiela; BMNH 23.10.7.1 partim; FW-POR 429). See Figure 6. Microphotographs of gemmules and spicular complement morphotraits.(A) gemmular theca with outer layer armed by spiny oxeas/strongyles/strongyloxeas as tangential gemmuloscleres irregularly arranged. (B) gemmules sharing the outer layer. (C) dense gemmuloscleres tangentially arranged at the outer surface. (D) gemmular theca (cross-section) with multilayered gemmuloscleres (pneumatic layer is absent). (E–G) smooth oxeas as skeletal megascleres (A–D, SEM; E–G, LM)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3654927" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3654927/files/figure.png" pageId="18">Figure 8</figureCitation>
|
||
) sharing some traits with the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D4FE7758D08CFBB422028E2FDAC" authorityName="Volkmer-Ribeiro, Souza-Machado, Furstenau-Oliveira & Vieira-Soares" authorityYear="2010" box="[671,763,525,549]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Pottsiela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="18" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE7758D08CFBB422028E2FDAC" box="[671,763,525,549]" italics="true" pageId="18">Pottsiela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
described from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32E765CE7758D08CE92422029EBFDAC" box="[950,1010,525,549]" name="Brazil" pageId="18">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
by Volkmer-
|
||
<collectorName id="26CC531AE7758D08CD8442022AF6FDCE" box="[160,239,559,583]" pageId="18">Ribeiro</collectorName>
|
||
et al. (2010) and presently known from the
|
||
<location id="8EE66017E7758D08CE25420229F6FDCE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039087DAE76D8D08CCB842042E7FF936:8EE66017E7758D08CE25420229F6FDCE" box="[769,1007,559,583]" country="Brazil" municipality="Eastern Palaearctic" name="Neotropicali Nearctic" pageId="18">Neotropicalı Nearctic</location>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE2ACB6E7758D08C91542022B01FDE3" pageId="18">Eastern Palaearctic</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
bioregions (
|
||
<collectorName id="26CC531AE7758D08CC8F427F2814FDE3" box="[427,525,594,618]" pageId="18">Manconi</collectorName>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectorName id="26CC531AE7758D08CF6A427F28ABFDE3" box="[590,690,594,618]" pageId="18">Pronzato</collectorName>
|
||
2016
|
||
<date id="FF87100CE7758D08CFD7427F2922FDE3" box="[755,827,594,618]" pageId="18" value="2019-01">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFC3E9E4E7758D08CFD7427F2922FDE3" box="[755,827,594,618]" pageId="18" value="2019-01">ı 2019</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
a).
|
||
<location id="8EE66017E7758D08CE7B427F2E19FDE3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039087DAE76D8D08CCB842042E7FF936:8EE66017E7758D08CE7B427F2E19FDE3" box="[863,1024,594,618]" country="Brazil" name="Unfortunatelyi" pageId="18">Unfortunatelyı</location>
|
||
the poorly preserved material does not allow any unequivocal identification. Further newly sampled materials and integrative studies could help to allocate it in the appropriate taxonomic position.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8636CCE7758D08CDE442F12E7FF936" blockId="18.[160,1157,315,1727]" pageId="18">
|
||
According to the original description by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B3DE7758D08CFA142F12938FD7D" author="Traxler L" box="[645,801,732,756]" pageId="18" pagination="102 - 105" refId="ref9421" refString="Traxler L. 1896. Uber einen neuen Susswasserschwamm aus Neu-Seeland. Termeszetraja Fuzetek. 19: 102 - 105 i pl. II." type="journal article" year="1896">Traxler (1896)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
ı
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D4FE7758D08CE0F42F129D6FD7D" authorityName="Penney and Raceki" authorityYear="1968" box="[811,975,732,756]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Heterorotula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="18" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="kakahuensis">
|
||
H.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE7758D08CE6342F129D6FD7D" box="[839,975,732,756]" italics="true" pageId="18">kakahuensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is characterised by spiny oxeas as megascleres (203
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE7758D08CF6B42D22845FC9E" box="[591,604,767,791]" italics="true" pageId="18">–</emphasis>
|
||
244 ×
|
||
<quantity id="4CC19B29E7758D08CF8B42D22902FC9E" box="[687,795,767,791]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="18" unit="mm" value="10.0" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="8.0">
|
||
8
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE7758D08CF9942D228D3FC9E" box="[701,714,767,791]" italics="true" pageId="18">–</emphasis>
|
||
12 µm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
); gemmules up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CC19B29E7758D08C92142D22E78FC9E" box="[1029,1121,767,791]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="18" unit="mm" value="600.0">600 µm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter; birotules as gemmuloscleres with spiny shafts (30
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE7758D08CE6B430F2945FCB3" box="[847,860,802,826]" italics="true" pageId="18">–</emphasis>
|
||
45 ×
|
||
<quantity id="4CC19B29E7758D08CEBC430F29F6FCB3" box="[920,1007,802,826]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="18" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">
|
||
2
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE7758D08CE82430F29AAFCB3" box="[934,947,802,826]" italics="true" pageId="18">–</emphasis>
|
||
3 µm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
) with granulated rotules and indented margins (
|
||
<quantity id="4CC19B29E7758D08CF1E436928B2FCD5" box="[570,683,836,860]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="18" unit="mm" value="20.0" valueMax="24.0" valueMin="16.0">
|
||
16
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE7758D08CF734369287DFCD5" box="[599,612,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="18">–</emphasis>
|
||
24 µm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
in diameter). By contrastı
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B3DE7758D08CEF443692E9DFCD5" author="Schroder K" box="[976,1156,836,860]" pageId="18" pagination="97 - 106" refId="ref9397" refString="Schroder K. 1935. Spongillidenstudien VII - Susswasserschwamme von Neuseelandi Borneo und Madagaskar. Zool Anz. 109: 97 - 106." type="journal article" year="1935">Schröder (1935)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described megascleres as spiny oxeası except for the tips (183
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE7758D08CE57434A2999FCF6" box="[883,896,871,895]" italics="true" pageId="18">–</emphasis>
|
||
265 ×
|
||
<quantity id="4CC19B29E7758D08CEE8434A2E2DFCF6" box="[972,1076,871,895]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="18" unit="mm" value="10.5" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="9.0">
|
||
9
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE7758D08CEFE434A29FEFCF6" box="[986,999,871,895]" italics="true" pageId="18">–</emphasis>
|
||
12 µm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
); gemmules from
|
||
<quantity id="4CC19B29E7758D08CC0E43A72BAEFC2B" box="[298,439,906,930]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.9" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="3.8" pageId="18" unit="mm" value="490.0" valueMax="600.0" valueMin="380.0">
|
||
380
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE7758D08CC7743A72B79FC2B" box="[339,352,906,930]" italics="true" pageId="18">–</emphasis>
|
||
600 µm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
in diameter; birotules as gemmuloscleres with irregular shafts (30
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE7758D08CDE043812AC8FC4D" box="[196,209,940,964]" italics="true" pageId="18">–</emphasis>
|
||
42 ×
|
||
<quantity id="4CC19B29E7758D08CC3743812B74FC4D" box="[275,365,940,964]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="18" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">
|
||
3
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE7758D08CC0543812B37FC4D" box="[289,302,940,964]" italics="true" pageId="18">–</emphasis>
|
||
4 µm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
) and rotules (
|
||
<quantity id="4CC19B29E7758D08CF3243812894FC4D" box="[534,653,940,964]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="18" unit="mm" value="19.5" valueMax="22.0" valueMin="17.0">
|
||
17
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE7758D08CF1043812858FC4D" box="[564,577,940,964]" italics="true" pageId="18">–</emphasis>
|
||
22 µm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
in diameter) apparently smooth and with indented margins.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B3DE7758D08CCA443E228B5FC6E" author="Penney JTi Racek AA" box="[384,684,975,999]" pageId="18" pagination="1 - 184" refId="ref9194" refString="Penney JTi Racek AA. 1968. Comprehensive revision of a worldwide collection of freshwater sponges (Porifera: Spongillidae). Bull U S Natl Mus. 272: 1 - 184. doi: 10.5479 / si. 03629236.272.1." type="journal article" year="1968">Penney and Racek (1968)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported slenderı spinyı short oxeas as megascleres (185
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE7758D08CC4D43DF2B6FFB83" box="[361,374,1010,1034]" italics="true" pageId="18">–</emphasis>
|
||
260 ×
|
||
<quantity id="4CC19B29E7758D08CCE243DF2829FB83" box="[454,560,1010,1034]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="18" unit="mm" value="10.5" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="9.0">
|
||
9
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE7758D08CCF043DF2BF8FB83" box="[468,481,1010,1034]" italics="true" pageId="18">–</emphasis>
|
||
12 µm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
); gemmules
|
||
<quantity id="4CC19B29E7758D08CFEC43DF2940FB83" box="[712,857,1010,1034]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" metricValueMax="5.4" metricValueMin="3.8" pageId="18" unit="mm" value="460.0" valueMax="540.0" valueMin="380.0">
|
||
380
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE7758D08CFD643DF28E6FB83" box="[754,767,1010,1034]" italics="true" pageId="18">–</emphasis>
|
||
540 µm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
in diameter; birotules as gemmuloscleres of a single dimensional class (30
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE7758D08CFF4443928C4FBA5" box="[720,733,1044,1068]" italics="true" pageId="18">–</emphasis>
|
||
40 ×
|
||
<quantity id="4CC19B29E7758D08CE3C4439294CFBA5" box="[792,853,1044,1068]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="18" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 µm</quantity>
|
||
)ı with rotules
|
||
<quantity id="4CC19B29E7758D08CED144392E7EFBA5" box="[1013,1127,1044,1068]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="18" unit="mm" value="19.5" valueMax="22.0" valueMin="17.0">
|
||
17
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE7758D08C93544392E07FBA5" box="[1041,1054,1044,1068]" italics="true" pageId="18">–</emphasis>
|
||
22 µm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
in diameter. The
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32E765CE7758D08CC63441A2BC4FBC6" box="[327,477,1079,1103]" name="New Zealand" pageId="18">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
endemic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D4FE7758D08CF75441A28E1FBC6" authorityName="Penney and Raceki" authorityYear="1968" box="[593,760,1079,1103]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Heterorotula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="18" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="kakahuensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE7758D08CF75441A28E1FBC6" box="[593,760,1079,1103]" italics="true" pageId="18">H. kakahuensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was originally assigned by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B3DE7758D08C912441A2AF1FBFB" author="Traxler L" pageId="18" pagination="102 - 105" refId="ref9421" refString="Traxler L. 1896. Uber einen neuen Susswasserschwamm aus Neu-Seeland. Termeszetraja Fuzetek. 19: 102 - 105 i pl. II." type="journal article" year="1896">Traxler (1896)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D4FE7758D08CCB3447728C2FBFB" authority="Lamourouxi 1816" authorityName="Lamourouxi" authorityYear="1816" box="[407,731,1114,1138]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Ephydatia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="18" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE7758D08CCB34477281FFBFB" box="[407,518,1114,1138]" italics="true" pageId="18">Ephydatia</emphasis>
|
||
Lamourouxı 1816
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on the basis of morphological and morphometric comparison with a European specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D4FE7758D08CE1444502E10FB1C" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeusi" baseAuthorityYear="1759" box="[816,1033,1148,1173]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Ephydatia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="18" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fluviatilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE7758D08CE1444502E10FB1C" box="[816,1033,1148,1173]" italics="true" pageId="18">Ephydatia fluviatilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13022A49E7758D08C93C44502E6FFB1C" box="[1048,1142,1149,1173]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="13.[160,225,1235,1258]" captionTargetBox="[170,1145,144,1204]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[163,1153,142,1204]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 8. Morphotraits of Spongillida gen. sp. (cf. Pottsiela; BMNH 23.10.7.1 partim; FW-POR 429). See Figure 6. Microphotographs of gemmules and spicular complement morphotraits.(A) gemmular theca with outer layer armed by spiny oxeas/strongyles/strongyloxeas as tangential gemmuloscleres irregularly arranged. (B) gemmules sharing the outer layer. (C) dense gemmuloscleres tangentially arranged at the outer surface. (D) gemmular theca (cross-section) with multilayered gemmuloscleres (pneumatic layer is absent). (E–G) smooth oxeas as skeletal megascleres (A–D, SEM; E–G, LM)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3654927" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3654927/files/figure.png" pageId="18">Figure 8</figureCitation>
|
||
). All subsequent reports (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B3DE7758D08CCE044B2287DFB3E" author="Haswell WA" box="[452,612,1183,1207]" pageId="18" pagination="208 - 210" refId="ref8210" refString="Haswell WA. 1882. On Australian freshwater sponges. Proc Linn Soc N S W. 7: 208 - 210. doi: 10.5962 / bhl. part. 22748." type="journal article" year="1882">Haswell 1882</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B3DE7758D08CF5C44B2292EFB3E" author="Kirkpatrick R" box="[632,823,1183,1207]" pageId="18" pagination="400 - 401" refId="ref8417" refString="Kirkpatrick R. 1921. Note on a freshwater sponge from New Zealand. Ann Mag Nat Hist. 8: 400 - 401. doi: 10.1080 / 00222932108632599." type="journal article" year="1921">Kirkpatrick 1921</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B3DE7758D08CE6E44B229A5FB3E" author="Gee NG" box="[842,956,1183,1207]" pageId="18" pagination="25 - 62" refId="ref8162" refString="Gee NG. 1931. Fresh-water sponges from Australia and New Zealand. Rec Aust Mus. 18: 25 - 62. doi: 10.3853 / j. 0067 - 1975.18.1931.716." type="journal article" year="1931">Gee 1931</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B3DE7758D08CEF444B22E65FB3E" author="Schroder K" box="[976,1148,1183,1207]" pageId="18" pagination="97 - 106" refId="ref9397" refString="Schroder K. 1935. Spongillidenstudien VII - Susswasserschwamme von Neuseelandi Borneo und Madagaskar. Zool Anz. 109: 97 - 106." type="journal article" year="1935">Schröder 1935</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) indicate the species as an
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D4FE7758D08CCFD44EF2851FB53" authorityName="Lamourouxi" authorityYear="1816" box="[473,584,1218,1242]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Ephydatia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="18" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE7758D08CCFD44EF2851FB53" box="[473,584,1218,1242]" italics="true" pageId="18">Ephydatia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. We agree with
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B3DE7758D08CE2844EF2E35FB53" author="Penney JTi Racek AA" box="[780,1068,1218,1242]" pageId="18" pagination="1 - 184" refId="ref9194" refString="Penney JTi Racek AA. 1968. Comprehensive revision of a worldwide collection of freshwater sponges (Porifera: Spongillidae). Bull U S Natl Mus. 272: 1 - 184. doi: 10.5479 / si. 03629236.272.1." type="journal article" year="1968">
|
||
Penney and Racek (
|
||
<date id="FF87100CE7758D08CED044EF2E35FB53" box="[1012,1068,1218,1242]" pageId="18" value="1968-01">1968</date>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
ı p. 97)ı who designated the new genusı affirming that
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE7758D08CFE044C9294FFB74" box="[708,854,1252,1277]" italics="true" pageId="18">
|
||
‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D4FE7758D08CFEE44C8294FFB74" authorityName="Penney and Raceki" authorityYear="1968" box="[714,854,1253,1277]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Heterorotula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="18" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Heterorotula</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is more closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D4FE7758D08CD84452A2B16FA96" authorityName="Lamourouxi" authorityYear="1816" box="[160,271,1287,1311]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Ephydatia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="18" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE7758D08CD84452A2B16FA96" box="[160,271,1287,1311]" italics="true" pageId="18">Ephydatia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than to any other genus (
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE7758D08CF44452A28B6FA96" box="[608,687,1287,1311]" italics="true" pageId="18">omissis</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D4FE7758D08CFEF452A296EFA96" authorityName="Penney and Raceki" authorityYear="1968" box="[715,887,1287,1311]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Heterorotula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="18" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="kakahuensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE7758D08CFEF452A296EFA96" box="[715,887,1287,1311]" italics="true" pageId="18">H. kakahuensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32E765CE7758D08CEEC452A2E7CFA96" box="[968,1125,1287,1311]" name="New Zealand" pageId="18">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
is insufficiently described (
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE7758D08CC9D45072811FACB" box="[441,520,1322,1346]" italics="true" pageId="18">omissis</emphasis>
|
||
). Its generic statusı thereforeı cannot as yet be reliably resolved. Until further material can be studiedı it seems advisable to leave the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32E765CE7758D08C97445602AE5FA0E" name="New Zealand" pageId="18">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
species provisionally within this genus
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE7758D08CFE0454228D3FA0E" box="[708,714,1391,1415]" italics="true" pageId="18">’</emphasis>
|
||
. The synapomorphic condition of key traits at the genus level further complicates the problem. As stated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B3DE7758D08CE9245BF2AF3FA44" author="Penney JTi Racek AA" pageId="18" pagination="1 - 184" refId="ref9194" refString="Penney JTi Racek AA. 1968. Comprehensive revision of a worldwide collection of freshwater sponges (Porifera: Spongillidae). Bull U S Natl Mus. 272: 1 - 184. doi: 10.5479 / si. 03629236.272.1." type="journal article" year="1968">Penney and Racek (1968)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
ı
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D4FE7758D08CDD245982B7CFA44" authorityName="Lamourouxi" authorityYear="1816" box="[246,357,1461,1485]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Ephydatia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="18" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE7758D08CDD245982B7CFA44" box="[246,357,1461,1485]" italics="true" pageId="18">Ephydatia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D4FE7758D08CC8545982834FA44" authorityName="Penney and Raceki" authorityYear="1968" box="[417,557,1461,1485]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Heterorotula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="18" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE7758D08CC8545982834FA44" box="[417,557,1461,1485]" italics="true" pageId="18">Heterorotula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are very closeı particularly with regard to the diagnostic morphology of the gemmuloscleres (birotules) and the length of the shaft: short in the former genus (
|
||
<quantity id="4CC19B29E7758D08CCB545D7281CF99B" box="[401,517,1530,1554]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.85" metricValueMax="6.5" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="18" unit="mm" value="38.5" valueMax="65.0" valueMin="12.0">
|
||
12
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE7758D08CC8B45D72BA5F99B" box="[431,444,1530,1554]" italics="true" pageId="18">–</emphasis>
|
||
65 µm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
) and partly overlapping with the larger length range of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D4FE7758D08CD8446302B35F9BC" authorityName="Penney and Raceki" authorityYear="1968" box="[160,300,1565,1589]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Heterorotula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="18" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE7758D08CD8446302B35F9BC" box="[160,300,1565,1589]" italics="true" pageId="18">Heterorotula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="4CC19B29E7758D08CC1F46302BAAF9BC" box="[315,435,1564,1589]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.4" metricValueMax="8.4" metricValueMin="2.4" pageId="18" unit="mm" value="54.0" valueMax="84.0" valueMin="24.0">
|
||
24
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE7758D08CC7D46312B7FF9BD" box="[345,358,1564,1588]" italics="true" pageId="18">–</emphasis>
|
||
84 µm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
). Moreoverı the rotules of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D4FE7758D08CFC846302942F9BC" authorityName="Lamourouxi" authorityYear="1816" box="[748,859,1565,1589]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Ephydatia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="18" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE7758D08CFC846302942F9BC" box="[748,859,1565,1589]" italics="true" pageId="18">Ephydatia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are always indented and spiny (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13022A49E7758D08CDCF46122B51F9DE" box="[235,328,1599,1623]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="6.[160,225,1753,1776]" captionTargetBox="[187,1125,144,1720]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[184,1131,142,1722]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 3. Gemmuloscleres with divergent diagnostic morphotraits. Comparison of type specimens of the type species of the genera Ephydatia (A–B, E. fluviatilis), Heterorotula (C–E, H. capewelli), Pachyrotula (F–G, P. raceki) and Oncosclera (H–J, O. jewelli)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3654907" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3654907/files/figure.png" pageId="18">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
(A
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE7758D08CC4546122B77F9DE" box="[353,366,1599,1623]" italics="true" pageId="18">–</emphasis>
|
||
B))ı while in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D4FE7758D08CCDE4612289FF9DE" authorityName="Penney and Raceki" authorityYear="1968" box="[506,646,1599,1623]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Heterorotula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="18" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE7758D08CCDE4612289FF9DE" box="[506,646,1599,1623]" italics="true" pageId="18">Heterorotula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
they are prevalently irregular at the margins and tubercled (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13022A49E7758D08CC74464F2BB4F9F3" box="[336,429,1634,1658]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="6.[160,225,1753,1776]" captionTargetBox="[187,1125,144,1720]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[184,1131,142,1722]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 3. Gemmuloscleres with divergent diagnostic morphotraits. Comparison of type specimens of the type species of the genera Ephydatia (A–B, E. fluviatilis), Heterorotula (C–E, H. capewelli), Pachyrotula (F–G, P. raceki) and Oncosclera (H–J, O. jewelli)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3654907" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3654907/files/figure.png" pageId="18">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
(C
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE7758D08CCE2464F2BCAF9F3" box="[454,467,1634,1658]" italics="true" pageId="18">–</emphasis>
|
||
E)). Our studies revealed a large morphological variability of the gemmuloscleres of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D4FE7758D08CC8C46A82854F914" authorityName="Penney and Raceki" authorityYear="1968" box="[424,589,1669,1693]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Heterorotula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="18" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="kakahuensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE7758D08CC8C46A82854F914" box="[424,589,1669,1693]" italics="true" pageId="18">H. kakahuensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ı confirming its inclusion in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D4FE7758D08CEDC46A82E9DF914" authorityName="Penney and Raceki" authorityYear="1968" box="[1016,1156,1669,1693]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Heterorotula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="18" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE7758D08CEDC46A82E9DF914" box="[1016,1156,1669,1693]" italics="true" pageId="18">Heterorotula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but not excluding an affinity with the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D4FE7758D08CF70468A28DAF936" authorityName="Lamourouxi" authorityYear="1816" box="[596,707,1703,1727]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Ephydatia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="18" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE7758D08CF70468A28DAF936" box="[596,707,1703,1727]" italics="true" pageId="18">Ephydatia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group lineage (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13022A49E7758D08CE5E468A29FBF936" box="[890,994,1703,1727]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="6.[160,225,1753,1776]" captionTargetBox="[187,1125,144,1720]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[184,1131,142,1722]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 3. Gemmuloscleres with divergent diagnostic morphotraits. Comparison of type specimens of the type species of the genera Ephydatia (A–B, E. fluviatilis), Heterorotula (C–E, H. capewelli), Pachyrotula (F–G, P. raceki) and Oncosclera (H–J, O. jewelli)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3654907" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3654907/files/figure.png" pageId="18">Figures 3</figureCitation>
|
||
(A
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEADEE7758D08CEDF468A2E11F936" box="[1019,1032,1703,1727]" italics="true" pageId="18">–</emphasis>
|
||
B)ı 5(B)).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |