treatments-xml/data/03/90/87/039087A5C5023F4FC4BA1F2770890916.xml

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<mods:title id="03847A22E626F9729507A5474A348A04">Systematics of the Ocoee Salamander (Plethodontidae: Desmognathus ocoee), with description of two new species from the southern Blue Ridge Mountains</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F0DB87308395F45CC0EE2B1E4FA6BA21">Pyron, R. Alexander</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="862009D592FB41D1AD8EA2B12462A586">Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, 2029 G St. NW, Washington, DC 20052 rpyron @ colubroid. org; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 2524 - 1794 &amp; Division of Amphibians and Reptiles, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="94D491D468B93B859D96F80DE73807E3">Beamer, David A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0B6AE20BBF004B36D50DA6E86CB8ECBC">Department of Natural Science, Nash Community College, 522 N. Old Carriage Road, Rocky Mount, NC 27804 dabeamer 973 @ nashcc. edu; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0796 - 274 X &amp; Amphibian Foundation, 4055 Roswell Rd NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30342</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="039087A5C5023F4FC4BA1F2770890916" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7120193" ID-GBIF-Taxon="201137889" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7120193" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039087A5C5023F4FC4BA1F2770890916" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039087A5C5023F4FC4BA1F2770890916" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="225" pageId="8" pageNumber="215">
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<taxonomicName id="4C394D30C5023F55C4BA1F2770A508AA" authority="Pyron &amp; Beamer, 2022" authorityName="Pyron &amp; Beamer" authorityYear="2022" box="[151,435,870,897]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="8" pageNumber="215" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="adatsihi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C5023F55C4BA1F2770A508AA" bold="true" box="[151,435,870,897]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="215">Desmognathus adatsihi</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="8B8636B3C5023F55C4BA1FEE754008C6" blockId="8.[151,1436,942,1005]" pageId="8" pageNumber="215">
<materialsCitation id="3B513CEEC5023F55C4BA1FEE754008C6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3914274315" collectingDate="2019-08-14" collectionCode="RAP, T, NC" collectorName="W. Pierson" elevation="1650" location="Pierson on Cataloochee Balsam" municipality="Cataloochee Balsam in Great Smoky Mountains National Park" pageId="8" pageNumber="215" specimenCode="USNM 596065, RAP0892" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="54828811C5023F55C4BA1FEE701E08E2" box="[151,264,943,969]" pageId="8" pageNumber="215" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
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<specimenCode id="DB9F9EC8C5023F55C53F1FEE70AD08E2" box="[274,443,942,969]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="215" type="Museum">USNM 596065</specimenCode>
(
<specimenCode id="DB9F9EC8C5023F55C5EA1FEE732D08E2" box="[455,571,943,969]" collectionCode="RAP" pageId="8" pageNumber="215">RAP0892</specimenCode>
; 
<figureCitation id="13022A36C5023F55C6691FEE73BA08E2" box="[580,684,942,969]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 5" captionStart-1="FIGURE 6" captionStart-2="FIGURE 7" captionStart-3="FIGURE 8" captionStartId-0="8.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionStartId-1="9.[151,250,1944,1968]" captionStartId-2="10.[151,250,1712,1736]" captionStartId-3="11.[151,250,1647,1671]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1435,1029,1885]" captionTargetBox-1="[260,1334,195,1903]" captionTargetBox-2="[152,1435,201,1688]" captionTargetBox-3="[169,1417,181,1624]" captionTargetId-0="figure-335@8.[151,1435,1029,1885]" captionTargetId-1="figure-19@9.[230,1357,181,1920]" captionTargetId-2="figure-17@10.[151,1435,181,1688]" captionTargetId-3="figure-19@11.[165,1421,181,1624]" captionTargetPageId-0="8" captionTargetPageId-1="9" captionTargetPageId-2="10" captionTargetPageId-3="11" captionText-0="FIGURE 5. Holotype (USNM 596065/RAP0892) of Desmognathus adatsihifrom Cataloochee Balsam, Great Smoky Mountains (NC: Swain) in life, photo courtesy of T.W. Pierson (KSU). This solidly striped morph is most commonly representative of Smokies populations and is distinguishable from D. imitator by the straight and well-defined borders of the uniformly colored dorsal stripe." captionText-1="FIGURE 6. Paratypes (USNM 596063–4/RAP0890–1; a, b) and holotype (USNM 596065/RAP0892, c) of Desmognathus adatsihi from Cataloochee Balsam, Great Smoky Mountains (NC: Swain) isolated in life. Photos courtesy of T.W. Pierson; specimens not to scale." captionText-2="FIGURE 7. Paratypes (USNM 596063–4/RAP0890–1; a,b) and holotype (USNM 596065/RAP0892, c) of Desmognathus adatsihi from Cataloochee Balsam, Great Smoky Mountains (NC: Swain) in dorsal view in preservative, approximately to scale with tick marks in mm. Photos by RAP." captionText-3="FIGURE 8. Paratypes (USNM 596063–4/RAP0890–1; a,b) and holotype (USNM 596065/RAP0892, c) of Desmognathus adatsihi from Cataloochee Balsam, Great Smoky Mountains (NC: Swain) in ventral view in preservative, approximately to scale with tick marks in mm. Photos by RAP. Dorsal pattern of erythristic morph (a) shows significant intrusion onto ventral surfaces, compared to the relatively immaculate spotted and striped morphs (b, c)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7120213" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7120215" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7120217" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7120219" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7120213/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7120215/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/7120217/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/7120219/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="215">Figs. 5–8</figureCitation>
), collected 
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<collectingDate id="EFC3E99BC5023F55C7051FEE72C208E2" box="[808,980,943,969]" pageId="8" pageNumber="215" value="2019-08-14">14August 2019</collectingDate>
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by 
<collectionCode id="ED28AE76C5023F55C7D41FEE753808E2" box="[1017,1070,943,969]" pageId="8" pageNumber="215">RAP</collectionCode>
and 
<collectionCode id="ED28AE76C5023F55C0721FEE756708E2" box="[1119,1137,943,969]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="8" pageNumber="215">T</collectionCode>
. 
<collectorName id="26CC5365C5023F55C0591FEE75FB08E2" box="[1140,1261,943,969]" pageId="8" pageNumber="215">
W. 
<location id="8EE66068C5023F55C0B41FEE75FB08E2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039087A5C5023F4FC4BA1F2770890916:8EE66068C5023F55C0B41FEE75FB08E2" box="[1177,1261,943,969]" municipality="Cataloochee Balsam in Great Smoky Mountains National Park" name="Pierson on Cataloochee Balsam" pageId="8" pageNumber="215">Pierson</location>
</collectorName>
on 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE2ACC9C5023F55C13F1FEE73D208C6" pageId="8" pageNumber="215">Cataloochee Balsam in Great Smoky Mountains National Park</collectingMunicipality>
(
<collectionCode id="ED28AE76C5023F55C6FE1F9273E908C6" box="[723,767,979,1005]" pageId="8" pageNumber="215">NC</collectionCode>
: Swain; 
<figureCitation id="13022A36C5023F55C7721F9272B408C6" box="[863,930,979,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1945,1969]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,1065,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-452@12.[151,1435,1065,1921]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 9. The type locality of Desmognathus adatsihi on Cataloochee Balsam, Great Smoky Mountains National Park (NC: Swain), ~1650m ASL. The habitat is classic “spruce-fir” forest. The type series were captured under rocks and logs in the foreground. Photo courtesy of T.W. Pierson." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7120221" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7120221/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="215">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
), ~ 
<quantity id="4CC19B56C5023F55C7E81F93750308C6" box="[965,1045,978,1005]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" pageId="8" pageNumber="215" unit="m" value="1650.0">
<elevation id="0014D180C5023F55C7E81F93750308C6" box="[965,1045,978,1005]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" pageId="8" pageNumber="215" unit="m" value="1650.0">1650m</elevation>
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ASL.
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</paragraph>
<caption id="DF46663BC5023F55C4BA1B34700D0CD2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7120213" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7120213" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7120213/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="215" startId="8.[151,250,1909,1933]" targetBox="[151,1435,1029,1885]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="8B8636B3C5023F55C4BA1B34700D0CD2" blockId="8.[151,1436,1909,2041]" pageId="8" pageNumber="215">
<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C5023F55C4BA1B3470070CA5" bold="true" box="[151,273,1909,1934]" pageId="8" pageNumber="215">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
Holotype (USNM 596065/RAP0892) of 
<taxonomicName id="4C394D30C5023F55C6871B3472810CA6" authorityName="Pyron &amp; Beamer" authorityYear="2022" box="[682,919,1909,1933]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="8" pageNumber="215" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="adatsihi">
<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C5023F55C6871B3472810CA6" box="[682,919,1909,1933]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="215">Desmognathus adatsihi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Cataloochee Balsam, Great Smoky Mountains (NC: Swain) in life, photo courtesy of T.W. Pierson (KSU). This solidly striped morph is most commonly representative of Smokies populations and is distinguishable from 
<taxonomicName id="4C394D30C5023F55C6A01BFF73E90CFE" authorityName="Dunn" authorityYear="1927" box="[653,767,1982,2005]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="8" pageNumber="215" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="imitator">
<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C5023F55C6A01BFF73E90CFE" box="[653,767,1982,2005]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="215">D. imitator</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the straight and well-defined borders of the uniformly colored dorsal stripe.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF46663BC5033F54C4BA1BD970940CD3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7120215" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7120215" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7120215/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="216" startId="9.[151,250,1944,1968]" targetBox="[260,1334,195,1903]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="8B8636B3C5033F54C4BA1BD970940CD3" blockId="9.[151,1437,1944,2040]" pageId="9" pageNumber="216">
<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C5033F54C4BA1BD970000C9B" bold="true" box="[151,278,1944,1968]" pageId="9" pageNumber="216">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
Paratypes (USNM 596063–4/RAP0890–1; a, b) and holotype (USNM 596065/RAP0892, c) of 
<taxonomicName id="4C394D30C5033F54C12B1BD971FF0CFF" authorityName="Pyron &amp; Beamer" authorityYear="2022" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="9" pageNumber="216" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="adatsihi">
<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C5033F54C12B1BD971FF0CFF" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="216">Desmognathus adatsihi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Cataloochee Balsam, Great Smoky Mountains (NC: Swain) isolated in life. Photos courtesy of T.W. Pierson; specimens not to scale.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF46663BC5003F57C4BA1AF1733C0C3B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7120217" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7120217" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7120217/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="217" startId="10.[151,250,1712,1736]" targetBox="[152,1435,201,1688]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="8B8636B3C5003F57C4BA1AF1733C0C3B" blockId="10.[151,1437,1712,1808]" pageId="10" pageNumber="217">
<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C5003F57C4BA1AF170010DE3" bold="true" box="[151,279,1712,1736]" pageId="10" pageNumber="217">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
Paratypes (USNM 596063–4/RAP0890–1; a,b) and holotype (USNM 596065/RAP0892, c) of 
<taxonomicName id="4C394D30C5003F57C12B1AF171FF0DC7" authorityName="Pyron &amp; Beamer" authorityYear="2022" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="10" pageNumber="217" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="adatsihi">
<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C5003F57C12B1AF171FF0DC7" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="217">Desmognathus adatsihi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Cataloochee Balsam, Great Smoky Mountains (NC: Swain) in dorsal view in preservative, approximately to scale with tick marks in mm. Photos by RAP.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF46663BC5013F56C4BA1A2E72610DDF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7120219" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7120219" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7120219/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="218" startId="11.[151,250,1647,1671]" targetBox="[169,1417,181,1624]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="8B8636B3C5013F56C4BA1A2E72610DDF" blockId="11.[151,1437,1647,1780]" pageId="11" pageNumber="218">
<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C5013F56C4BA1A2E70000DAC" bold="true" box="[151,278,1647,1671]" pageId="11" pageNumber="218">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
Paratypes (USNM 596063–4/RAP0890–1; a,b) and holotype (USNM 596065/RAP0892, c) of 
<taxonomicName id="4C394D30C5013F56C12B1A3171FF0D87" authorityName="Pyron &amp; Beamer" authorityYear="2022" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="11" pageNumber="218" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="adatsihi">
<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C5013F56C12B1A3171FF0D87" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="218">Desmognathus adatsihi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Cataloochee Balsam, Great Smoky Mountains (NC: Swain) in ventral view in preservative, approximately to scale with tick marks in mm. Photos by RAP. Dorsal pattern of erythristic morph (a) shows significant intrusion onto ventral surfaces, compared to the relatively immaculate spotted and striped morphs (b, c).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8636B3C5013F56C4EA1B6370200CAF" blockId="11.[151,1436,1826,2032]" pageId="11" pageNumber="218">
<materialsCitation id="3B513CEEC5013F56C4EA1B6375FC0C17" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3914274309" box="[199,1258,1826,1853]" collectionCode="USNM, RAP" pageId="11" pageNumber="218" specimenCode="USNM 596063-4, RAP0890-1" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C5013F56C4EA1B63705E0C17" bold="true" box="[199,328,1826,1852]" pageId="11" pageNumber="218">
<typeStatus id="54828811C5013F56C4EA1B6370550C17" box="[199,323,1826,1852]" pageId="11" pageNumber="218" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
<specimenCode id="DB9F9EC8C5013F56C5631B6373030C16" box="[334,533,1826,1853]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="11" pageNumber="218" type="Museum">USNM 596063–4</specimenCode>
(
<specimenCode id="DB9F9EC8C5013F56C60E1B6373A50C17" box="[547,691,1826,1852]" collectionCode="RAP" pageId="11" pageNumber="218">RAP0890–1</specimenCode>
; 
<figureCitation id="13022A36C5013F56C6911B6372300C17" box="[700,806,1826,1852]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 6" captionStart-1="FIGURE 7" captionStart-2="FIGURE 8" captionStartId-0="9.[151,250,1944,1968]" captionStartId-1="10.[151,250,1712,1736]" captionStartId-2="11.[151,250,1647,1671]" captionTargetBox-0="[260,1334,195,1903]" captionTargetBox-1="[152,1435,201,1688]" captionTargetBox-2="[169,1417,181,1624]" captionTargetId-0="figure-19@9.[230,1357,181,1920]" captionTargetId-1="figure-17@10.[151,1435,181,1688]" captionTargetId-2="figure-19@11.[165,1421,181,1624]" captionTargetPageId-0="9" captionTargetPageId-1="10" captionTargetPageId-2="11" captionText-0="FIGURE 6. Paratypes (USNM 596063–4/RAP0890–1; a, b) and holotype (USNM 596065/RAP0892, c) of Desmognathus adatsihi from Cataloochee Balsam, Great Smoky Mountains (NC: Swain) isolated in life. Photos courtesy of T.W. Pierson; specimens not to scale." captionText-1="FIGURE 7. Paratypes (USNM 596063–4/RAP0890–1; a,b) and holotype (USNM 596065/RAP0892, c) of Desmognathus adatsihi from Cataloochee Balsam, Great Smoky Mountains (NC: Swain) in dorsal view in preservative, approximately to scale with tick marks in mm. Photos by RAP." captionText-2="FIGURE 8. Paratypes (USNM 596063–4/RAP0890–1; a,b) and holotype (USNM 596065/RAP0892, c) of Desmognathus adatsihi from Cataloochee Balsam, Great Smoky Mountains (NC: Swain) in ventral view in preservative, approximately to scale with tick marks in mm. Photos by RAP. Dorsal pattern of erythristic morph (a) shows significant intrusion onto ventral surfaces, compared to the relatively immaculate spotted and striped morphs (b, c)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7120215" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7120217" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7120219" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7120215/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7120217/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/7120219/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="218">Figs. 6–8</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13022A36C5013F56C71C1B6372590C17" box="[817,847,1826,1852]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="13.[151,250,973,997]" captionTargetBox="[218,1369,181,948]" captionTargetId="figure-19@13.[218,1369,181,948]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 10. Paratype (USNM 596063/RAP0890) of Desmognathus adatsihi from Cataloochee Balsam (NC: Swain) in life, photo courtesy of T.W. Pierson. This brilliantly colored erythristic morph and its xanthic counterpart are infrequently observed, primarily on Cataloochee Balsam near the type locality, but also very rarely on Clingmans Dome in the Smokies (Fig. 14a) and Waterrock Knob in the Plott Balsams (S. G. Tilley, pers. comm.). A similar specimen from near the type locality was mislabeled as D. imitator by Dodd (2004)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7120227" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7120227/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="218">10</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13022A36C5013F56C7771B6372610C17" box="[858,887,1826,1852]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1941,1965]" captionTargetBox="[230,1358,1165,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-103@13.[230,1358,1165,1917]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 11. Paratype (USNM 596064/RAP0891) of Desmognathus adatsihi from Cataloochee Balsam (NC: Swain) in life, photo courtesy of T. W. Pierson. This partially spotted morph is the only color pattern that is likely to be confused with D. imitator, but the spots are more contiguous, particularly towards the tail, with an overall lighter ground color (see Tilley 2000)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7120231" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7120231/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="218">11</figureCitation>
), same collection as the 
<typeStatus id="54828811C5013F56C0A91B6375FC0C17" box="[1156,1258,1826,1852]" pageId="11" pageNumber="218" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B513CEEC5013F56C0DE1B6373740C4B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3914274308" collectingDate="2019-08-15" collectionCode="NCSM, RAP" pageId="11" pageNumber="218" specimenCode="NCSM 108356, RAP0909" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCode id="DB9F9EC8C5013F56C0DE1B63748A0C16" box="[1267,1436,1826,1853]" collectionCode="NCSM" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/aasf-rm4s" name="North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences" pageId="11" pageNumber="218" type="Museum">NCSM 108356</specimenCode>
(
<specimenCode id="DB9F9EC8C5013F56C4B21B0770020C4B" box="[159,276,1862,1888]" collectionCode="RAP" pageId="11" pageNumber="218">RAP0909</specimenCode>
), collected 
<date id="FF871073C5013F56C5BC1B0773560C4B" box="[401,576,1862,1889]" pageId="11" pageNumber="218" value="2019-08-15">
<collectingDate id="EFC3E99BC5013F56C5BC1B0773560C4B" box="[401,576,1862,1889]" pageId="11" pageNumber="218" value="2019-08-15">15 August 2019</collectingDate>
</date>
by
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B513CEEC5013F56C6451B0770240CAF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3914274303" collectionCode="RAP, T, NC" collectorName="W. Pierson" elevation="1610" latitude="35.543" location="Pierson on Rough Ridge" longLatPrecision="71" longitude="-83.156" pageId="11" pageNumber="218" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectionCode id="ED28AE76C5013F56C6451B07738B0C4B" box="[616,669,1862,1888]" pageId="11" pageNumber="218">RAP</collectionCode>
and 
<collectionCode id="ED28AE76C5013F56C6FF1B0773F20C4B" box="[722,740,1862,1888]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="11" pageNumber="218">T</collectionCode>
. 
<collectorName id="26CC5365C5013F56C6CA1B0772770C4B" box="[743,865,1862,1888]" pageId="11" pageNumber="218">
W. 
<location id="8EE66068C5013F56C7201B0772770C4B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039087A5C5023F4FC4BA1F2770890916:8EE66068C5013F56C7201B0772770C4B" box="[781,865,1862,1888]" latitude="35.543" longLatPrecision="71" longitude="-83.156" name="Pierson on Rough Ridge" pageId="11" pageNumber="218">Pierson</location>
</collectorName>
on Rough Ridge (
<collectionCode id="ED28AE76C5013F56C0061B0775410C4B" box="[1067,1111,1862,1888]" pageId="11" pageNumber="218">NC</collectionCode>
: Haywood; 
<geoCoordinate id="EE0D5074C5013F56C0F61B07743D0C4A" box="[1243,1323,1862,1889]" degrees="35.543" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="218" precision="55" value="35.543">35.543</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE0D5074C5013F56C1181B0774860C4A" box="[1333,1424,1862,1889]" degrees="83.156" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="218" precision="55" value="-83.156">-83.156</geoCoordinate>
), ~ 
<quantity id="4CC19B56C5013F56C4881B2B71E20CAF" box="[165,244,1898,1924]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.61" pageId="11" pageNumber="218" unit="m" value="1610.0">
<elevation id="0014D180C5013F56C4881B2B71E20CAF" box="[165,244,1898,1924]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.61" pageId="11" pageNumber="218" unit="m" value="1610.0">1610m</elevation>
</quantity>
ASL
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3236538C5013F51C4EA1BCF751309AE" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="219" pageId="11" pageNumber="218" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B8636B3C5013F51C4EA1BCF751309AE" blockId="11.[151,1436,1826,2032]" lastBlockId="12.[151,1437,151,1041]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="219" pageId="11" pageNumber="218">
<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C5013F56C4EA1BCF70520C83" bold="true" box="[199,324,1934,1960]" pageId="11" pageNumber="218">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
Several phenotypic characters exhibit varying combinations of states which are purported to be diagnostic and differentiate 
<taxonomicName id="4C394D30C5013F56C5E71BF273520CE7" authorityName="Pyron &amp; Beamer" authorityYear="2022" box="[458,580,1970,1996]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="11" pageNumber="218" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="adatsihi">
<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C5013F56C5E71BF273520CE7" box="[458,580,1970,1996]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="218">D. adatsihi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from related or similar taxa. This species is a small (~ 
<quantity id="4CC19B56C5013F56C0A71BF375E90CE6" box="[1162,1279,1970,1997]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.65" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="2.3" pageId="11" pageNumber="218" unit="mm" value="36.5" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="23.0">23–50mm</quantity>
SVL; 
<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C5013F56C1681BF2747D0CE7" box="[1349,1387,1971,1996]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="218">n =</emphasis>
15), primarily terrestrial mountain dusky salamander with a tail shorter than the body (up to ~90% SVL) that is round in cross section along its length. It is differentiated from 
<taxonomicName id="4C394D30C5063F51C6DF1CD672910B9A" authorityName="Tilley" authorityYear="1981" box="[754,903,151,177]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="12" pageNumber="219" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="santeetlah">
<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C5063F51C6DF1CD672910B9A" box="[754,903,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="219">D. santeetlah</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the lack of any keeling on the dorsal surface of the tail (vs. presence thereof). It is sometimes differentiated from 
<taxonomicName id="4C394D30C5063F51C7831CFA753A0BFF" authorityName="Dunn" authorityYear="1927" box="[942,1068,187,212]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="12" pageNumber="219" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="imitator">
<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C5063F51C7831CFA753A0BFF" box="[942,1068,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="219">D. imitator</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by a morph with the prominent remnants of paired yellowish, reddish, or orangish dorsal spots connected by a wash of lighter pigments on a lighter ground color (
<figureCitation id="13022A36C5063F51C51B1D4270B70A36" box="[310,417,259,285]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 6" captionStart-1="FIGURE 7" captionStart-2="FIGURE 8" captionStartId-0="9.[151,250,1944,1968]" captionStartId-1="10.[151,250,1712,1736]" captionStartId-2="11.[151,250,1647,1671]" captionTargetBox-0="[260,1334,195,1903]" captionTargetBox-1="[152,1435,201,1688]" captionTargetBox-2="[169,1417,181,1624]" captionTargetId-0="figure-19@9.[230,1357,181,1920]" captionTargetId-1="figure-17@10.[151,1435,181,1688]" captionTargetId-2="figure-19@11.[165,1421,181,1624]" captionTargetPageId-0="9" captionTargetPageId-1="10" captionTargetPageId-2="11" captionText-0="FIGURE 6. Paratypes (USNM 596063–4/RAP0890–1; a, b) and holotype (USNM 596065/RAP0892, c) of Desmognathus adatsihi from Cataloochee Balsam, Great Smoky Mountains (NC: Swain) isolated in life. Photos courtesy of T.W. Pierson; specimens not to scale." captionText-1="FIGURE 7. Paratypes (USNM 596063–4/RAP0890–1; a,b) and holotype (USNM 596065/RAP0892, c) of Desmognathus adatsihi from Cataloochee Balsam, Great Smoky Mountains (NC: Swain) in dorsal view in preservative, approximately to scale with tick marks in mm. Photos by RAP." captionText-2="FIGURE 8. Paratypes (USNM 596063–4/RAP0890–1; a,b) and holotype (USNM 596065/RAP0892, c) of Desmognathus adatsihi from Cataloochee Balsam, Great Smoky Mountains (NC: Swain) in ventral view in preservative, approximately to scale with tick marks in mm. Photos by RAP. Dorsal pattern of erythristic morph (a) shows significant intrusion onto ventral surfaces, compared to the relatively immaculate spotted and striped morphs (b, c)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7120215" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7120217" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7120219" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7120215/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7120217/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/7120219/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="219">Figs. 6–8</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13022A36C5063F51C5801D4270DC0A36" box="[429,458,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1941,1965]" captionTargetBox="[230,1358,1165,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-103@13.[230,1358,1165,1917]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 11. Paratype (USNM 596064/RAP0891) of Desmognathus adatsihi from Cataloochee Balsam (NC: Swain) in life, photo courtesy of T. W. Pierson. This partially spotted morph is the only color pattern that is likely to be confused with D. imitator, but the spots are more contiguous, particularly towards the tail, with an overall lighter ground color (see Tilley 2000)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7120231" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7120231/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="219">11</figureCitation>
; vs. more distinct and separated spots on a darker ground color in some 
<taxonomicName id="4C394D30C5063F51C0DF1D42747B0A37" authorityName="Dunn" authorityYear="1927" box="[1266,1389,259,284]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="12" pageNumber="219" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="imitator">
<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C5063F51C0DF1D42747B0A37" box="[1266,1389,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="219">D. imitator</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), or in uniformly dark older specimens, a lack of red cheek patches (
<figureCitation id="13022A36C5063F51C7741D6672A10A6A" box="[857,951,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1919,1943]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1894]" captionTargetId="figure-17@14.[151,1435,181,1894]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 12. Comparison of large, darkened adult males (based on elongated snouts and peramorphic jaw musculature) of Desmognathus adatsihi (a: RAP2816; Rough Ridge, NC: Haywood) and D. balsameus (b: RAP2827; Bear Pen Gap, NC: Jackson; Fig. 16a) in life, showing the similar overall melanic coloration taken on with age. Photos courtesy of M.A. Seldes (UGA)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7120233" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7120233/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="219">Fig. 12a</figureCitation>
; vs. the presence of such coloration in some uniformly dark 
<taxonomicName id="4C394D30C5063F51C56E1D0A70AA0A4F" authorityName="Dunn" authorityYear="1927" box="[323,444,331,356]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="12" pageNumber="219" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="imitator">
<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C5063F51C56E1D0A70AA0A4F" box="[323,444,331,356]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="219">D. imitator</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Many individuals can be uniquely diagnosed by the presence of an exceptionally straight and unadorned dorsal stripe of brownish or yellowish color (
<figureCitation id="13022A36C5063F51C70B1D2E72990AA2" box="[806,911,366,393]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 5" captionStart-1="FIGURE 6" captionStart-2="FIGURE 7" captionStart-3="FIGURE 8" captionStartId-0="8.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionStartId-1="9.[151,250,1944,1968]" captionStartId-2="10.[151,250,1712,1736]" captionStartId-3="11.[151,250,1647,1671]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1435,1029,1885]" captionTargetBox-1="[260,1334,195,1903]" captionTargetBox-2="[152,1435,201,1688]" captionTargetBox-3="[169,1417,181,1624]" captionTargetId-0="figure-335@8.[151,1435,1029,1885]" captionTargetId-1="figure-19@9.[230,1357,181,1920]" captionTargetId-2="figure-17@10.[151,1435,181,1688]" captionTargetId-3="figure-19@11.[165,1421,181,1624]" captionTargetPageId-0="8" captionTargetPageId-1="9" captionTargetPageId-2="10" captionTargetPageId-3="11" captionText-0="FIGURE 5. Holotype (USNM 596065/RAP0892) of Desmognathus adatsihifrom Cataloochee Balsam, Great Smoky Mountains (NC: Swain) in life, photo courtesy of T.W. Pierson (KSU). This solidly striped morph is most commonly representative of Smokies populations and is distinguishable from D. imitator by the straight and well-defined borders of the uniformly colored dorsal stripe." captionText-1="FIGURE 6. Paratypes (USNM 596063–4/RAP0890–1; a, b) and holotype (USNM 596065/RAP0892, c) of Desmognathus adatsihi from Cataloochee Balsam, Great Smoky Mountains (NC: Swain) isolated in life. Photos courtesy of T.W. Pierson; specimens not to scale." captionText-2="FIGURE 7. Paratypes (USNM 596063–4/RAP0890–1; a,b) and holotype (USNM 596065/RAP0892, c) of Desmognathus adatsihi from Cataloochee Balsam, Great Smoky Mountains (NC: Swain) in dorsal view in preservative, approximately to scale with tick marks in mm. Photos by RAP." captionText-3="FIGURE 8. Paratypes (USNM 596063–4/RAP0890–1; a,b) and holotype (USNM 596065/RAP0892, c) of Desmognathus adatsihi from Cataloochee Balsam, Great Smoky Mountains (NC: Swain) in ventral view in preservative, approximately to scale with tick marks in mm. Photos by RAP. Dorsal pattern of erythristic morph (a) shows significant intrusion onto ventral surfaces, compared to the relatively immaculate spotted and striped morphs (b, c)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7120213" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7120215" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7120217" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7120219" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7120213/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7120215/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/7120217/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/7120219/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="219">Figs. 5–8</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13022A36C5063F51C7B41D2E72D50AA2" box="[921,963,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1918,1942]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1894]" captionTargetId="figure-19@15.[151,1435,181,1894]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 13. Photographs of two adult Desmognathus adatsihi (a: RAP2818; b: RAP2820) in life, from the paratype locality on Rough Ridge (NC: Haywood). Photos courtesy of M.A. Seldes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7120237" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7120237/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="219">13a</figureCitation>
), a characteristic most common in Smokies populations. This trait is never observed in 
<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C5063F51C6581DD273E50A87" box="[629,755,403,428]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="219">
<taxonomicName id="4C394D30C5063F51C6581DD273E60A87" authorityName="Dunn" authorityYear="1927" box="[629,752,403,428]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="12" pageNumber="219" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="imitator">D. imitator</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
other 
<taxonomicName id="4C394D30C5063F51C7171DD2728A0A87" box="[826,924,403,428]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="12" pageNumber="219" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ocoee">
<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C5063F51C7171DD2728A0A87" box="[826,924,403,428]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="219">D. ocoee</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lineages, or 
<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C5063F51C0041DD275D50A86" box="[1065,1219,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="219">
<taxonomicName id="4C394D30C5063F51C0041DD275A90A86" authorityName="Tilley" authorityYear="1981" box="[1065,1215,403,429]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="12" pageNumber="219" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="santeetlah">D. santeetlah</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
which if exhibiting dorsal color pattern, all typically possess paired spots with varying degrees of intercalated melanophore pigmentation, sometimes yielding relatively unadorned stripes with irregular edges. Some individuals from the 
<typeStatus id="54828811C5063F51C0CC1D9A74560ADE" box="[1249,1344,475,501]" pageId="12" pageNumber="219" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
locality exhibit yellowish dorsal stripes with irregular edges and indistinct black patterning on the mid-dorsal line (
<figureCitation id="13022A36C5063F51C1021DBE74990932" box="[1327,1423,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1918,1942]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1894]" captionTargetId="figure-19@15.[151,1435,181,1894]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 13. Photographs of two adult Desmognathus adatsihi (a: RAP2818; b: RAP2820) in life, from the paratype locality on Rough Ridge (NC: Haywood). Photos courtesy of M.A. Seldes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7120237" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7120237/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="219">Fig. 13b</figureCitation>
), an arrangement almost never observed in 
<taxonomicName id="4C394D30C5063F51C65A1E62722F0916" authorityName="Means &amp; Karlin" authorityYear="1989" box="[631,825,547,573]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="12" pageNumber="219" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="apalachicolae">
<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C5063F51C65A1E62722F0916" box="[631,825,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="219">D. apalachicolae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and very rarely in any other 
<taxonomicName id="4C394D30C5063F51C0A31E6275E20917" box="[1166,1268,547,572]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="12" pageNumber="219" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ocoee">
<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C5063F51C0A31E6275E20917" box="[1166,1268,547,572]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="219">D. ocoee</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lineages. Very rarely, other color patterns include characteristic erythristic or xanthic morphs that have never been observed in other species (
<figureCitation id="13022A36C5063F51C4DB1E2A707609AE" box="[246,352,619,645]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 6" captionStart-1="FIGURE 7" captionStart-2="FIGURE 8" captionStartId-0="9.[151,250,1944,1968]" captionStartId-1="10.[151,250,1712,1736]" captionStartId-2="11.[151,250,1647,1671]" captionTargetBox-0="[260,1334,195,1903]" captionTargetBox-1="[152,1435,201,1688]" captionTargetBox-2="[169,1417,181,1624]" captionTargetId-0="figure-19@9.[230,1357,181,1920]" captionTargetId-1="figure-17@10.[151,1435,181,1688]" captionTargetId-2="figure-19@11.[165,1421,181,1624]" captionTargetPageId-0="9" captionTargetPageId-1="10" captionTargetPageId-2="11" captionText-0="FIGURE 6. Paratypes (USNM 596063–4/RAP0890–1; a, b) and holotype (USNM 596065/RAP0892, c) of Desmognathus adatsihi from Cataloochee Balsam, Great Smoky Mountains (NC: Swain) isolated in life. Photos courtesy of T.W. Pierson; specimens not to scale." captionText-1="FIGURE 7. Paratypes (USNM 596063–4/RAP0890–1; a,b) and holotype (USNM 596065/RAP0892, c) of Desmognathus adatsihi from Cataloochee Balsam, Great Smoky Mountains (NC: Swain) in dorsal view in preservative, approximately to scale with tick marks in mm. Photos by RAP." captionText-2="FIGURE 8. Paratypes (USNM 596063–4/RAP0890–1; a,b) and holotype (USNM 596065/RAP0892, c) of Desmognathus adatsihi from Cataloochee Balsam, Great Smoky Mountains (NC: Swain) in ventral view in preservative, approximately to scale with tick marks in mm. Photos by RAP. Dorsal pattern of erythristic morph (a) shows significant intrusion onto ventral surfaces, compared to the relatively immaculate spotted and striped morphs (b, c)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7120215" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7120217" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7120219" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7120215/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7120217/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/7120219/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="219">Figs. 6–8</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13022A36C5063F51C5411E2A709C09AE" box="[364,394,619,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="13.[151,250,973,997]" captionTargetBox="[218,1369,181,948]" captionTargetId="figure-19@13.[218,1369,181,948]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 10. Paratype (USNM 596063/RAP0890) of Desmognathus adatsihi from Cataloochee Balsam (NC: Swain) in life, photo courtesy of T.W. Pierson. This brilliantly colored erythristic morph and its xanthic counterpart are infrequently observed, primarily on Cataloochee Balsam near the type locality, but also very rarely on Clingmans Dome in the Smokies (Fig. 14a) and Waterrock Knob in the Plott Balsams (S. G. Tilley, pers. comm.). A similar specimen from near the type locality was mislabeled as D. imitator by Dodd (2004)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7120227" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7120227/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="219">10</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13022A36C5063F51C5B81E2A70A809AE" box="[405,446,619,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1919,1943]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1894]" captionTargetId="figure-17@16.[151,1435,181,1894]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 14. Comparison of small adult Desmognathus adatsihi (a: not collected; Clingmans Dome, TN: Sevier/NC: Swain) and exceptionally large (54mm SVL) adult D. balsameus (b: RAP2831; Lost Knob, NC: Jackson) in life, showing the dramatic possible differences in body form and coloration. Photos courtesy of M.A. Seldes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7120239" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7120239/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="219">14a</figureCitation>
) and appear to be uniquely diagnostic when present.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3236538C5063F51C4EA1ECF745A08AA" pageId="12" pageNumber="219" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B8636B3C5063F51C4EA1ECF745A08AA" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1041]" pageId="12" pageNumber="219">
<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C5063F51C4EA1ECF70750983" bold="true" box="[199,355,654,680]" pageId="12" pageNumber="219">Distribution:</emphasis>
In the Great Smoky Mountains of 
<collectingRegion id="49FDF851C5063F51C6CE1ECE72400982" box="[739,854,655,681]" country="United States of America" name="Tennessee" pageId="12" pageNumber="219">Tennessee</collectingRegion>
and 
<collectingRegion id="49FDF851C5063F51C7A71ECE75240982" box="[906,1074,655,681]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="12" pageNumber="219">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
and the Plott Balsam Mountains of 
<collectingRegion id="49FDF851C5063F51C49A1EF2707709E6" box="[183,353,691,717]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="12" pageNumber="219">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
at high elevations. All genetically verified samples illustrated here (
<figureCitation id="13022A36C5063F51C0431EF275A509E6" box="[1134,1203,691,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1755,1779]" captionTargetBox="[343,1254,181,1728]" captionTargetId="graphics-707@6.[28,2087,1,2911]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Map of the five species considered by our taxonomy from genetically verified recent localities (RAP collection; Anderson &amp; Tilley 2003; Beamer &amp; Lamb 2020; Karlin &amp; Guttman 1986; Kozak et al. 2005; Means et al. 2017; Pyron et al. 2022c; Tilley 2000; Tilley et al. 1978, 2008; Tilley &amp; Mahoney 1996). We include apalachicolae A2 and ocoee E within our concept of D. ocoee, for which the nominotypical lineage is ocoee F/G/H. Note that some individuals from these populations are admixed between one or more species, and hybrid zones exist between phylogeographic lineages within D. ocoee and D. perlapsus, primarily at the geographic margins where each adjacent lineage contacts its neighbor. Type localities are indicated with triangles, the population of unknown affinity from Horse Cove (GA: Gilmer; Fig. 21) is indicated with a gray dot, and the potential Cohutta populations are indicated with a “?.”" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7120211" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7120211/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="219">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
) originated&gt; 
<quantity id="4CC19B56C5063F51C1631EF3748B09E6" box="[1358,1437,690,717]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="12" pageNumber="219" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500m</quantity>
ASL. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B42C5063F51C4F11E9670A309DA" author="Tilley, S. G. &amp; Merritt, R. B. &amp; Wu, B. &amp; Highton, R." box="[220,437,727,753]" pageId="12" pageNumber="219" pagination="93 - 115" refId="ref16855" refString="Tilley, S. G., Merritt, R. B., Wu, B. &amp; Highton, R. (1978) Genetic differentiation in salamanders of the Desmognathus ochrophaeus complex (Plethodontidae). Evolution, 32, 93 - 115." type="journal article" year="1978">
Tilley 
<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C5063F51C50A1E96707709DA" box="[295,353,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="219">et al.</emphasis>
(1978)
</bibRefCitation>
tentatively suggested ~ 
<quantity id="4CC19B56C5063F51C6EE1E96720409DA" box="[707,786,727,753]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="12" pageNumber="219" unit="m" value="1200.0">1200m</quantity>
ASL as the approximate lower limit for this species and reported Starkey Gap as the westernmost limit of its range. An informal transect sampling several points at the 
<typeStatus id="54828811C5063F51C4BA1F5E71E10812" box="[151,247,799,825]" pageId="12" pageNumber="219" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
locality along the western slope of Rough Ridge below Strawberry Knob (NC: Haywood) revealed only 
<taxonomicName id="4C394D30C5063F51C1AC1F5E71E70877" authorityName="Dunn" authorityYear="1927" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="12" pageNumber="219" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="imitator">
<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C5063F51C1AC1F5E71E70877" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="219">D. imitator</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at ~ 
<quantity id="4CC19B56C5063F51C50C1F0270640876" box="[289,370,835,861]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.34" pageId="12" pageNumber="219" unit="m" value="1340.0">1340m</quantity>
, ~ 
<quantity id="4CC19B56C5063F51C5A11F0270CB0876" box="[396,477,835,861]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.46" pageId="12" pageNumber="219" unit="m" value="1460.0">1460m</quantity>
, and ~ 
<quantity id="4CC19B56C5063F51C6081F0273600876" box="[549,630,835,861]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.49" pageId="12" pageNumber="219" unit="m" value="1490.0">1490m</quantity>
, and only 
<taxonomicName id="4C394D30C5063F51C6C41F0272730876" authorityName="Pyron &amp; Beamer" authorityYear="2022" box="[745,869,835,861]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="12" pageNumber="219" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="adatsihi">
<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C5063F51C6C41F0272730876" box="[745,869,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="219">D. adatsihi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at ~ 
<quantity id="4CC19B56C5063F51C7B81F0372F00876" box="[917,998,834,861]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.54" pageId="12" pageNumber="219" unit="m" value="1540.0">1540m</quantity>
, ~ 
<quantity id="4CC19B56C5063F51C7D21F0375460876" box="[1023,1104,834,861]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5699999999999998" pageId="12" pageNumber="219" unit="m" value="1570.0">1570m</quantity>
, and ~ 
<quantity id="4CC19B56C5063F51C0B41F0274270876" box="[1177,1329,835,861]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6199999999999999" metricValueMax="1.63" metricValueMin="1.61" pageId="12" pageNumber="219" unit="m" value="1620.0" valueMax="1630.0" valueMin="1610.0">1610–1630m</quantity>
; previous surveys from near this locality (Mashie Stomp Creek) also found only 
<taxonomicName id="4C394D30C5063F51C7831F26753C08AB" authorityName="Dunn" authorityYear="1927" box="[942,1066,871,896]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="12" pageNumber="219" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="imitator">
<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C5063F51C7831F26753C08AB" box="[942,1066,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="219">D. imitator</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at ~ 
<quantity id="4CC19B56C5063F51C0761F2775BC08AA" box="[1115,1194,870,897]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" pageId="12" pageNumber="219" unit="m" value="1350.0">1350m</quantity>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B42C5063F51C0951F26745608AA" author="Tilley, S. G." box="[1208,1344,871,897]" pageId="12" pageNumber="219" pagination="121 - 147" refId="ref16635" refString="Tilley, S. G. (2000) The systematics of Desmognathus imitator. In: Bruce, R. C., Jaeger, R. G. &amp; Houck, L. D. (Eds.), The Biology of Plethodontid Salamanders. Springer US, Boston, Massachusetts, pp. 121 - 147." type="book chapter" year="2000">Tilley 2000</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3236538C5063F4FC4EA1FCA70890916" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="225" pageId="12" pageNumber="219" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B8636B3C5063F51C4EA1FCA72B50F3A" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1041]" pageId="12" pageNumber="219">
<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C5063F51C4EA1FCA7044088E" bold="true" box="[199,338,907,933]" pageId="12" pageNumber="219">Etymology:</emphasis>
From a Tsalagi (Cherokee) word (in syllabary:) that translates in a rough sense to “the mother of all,” in reference to the matrilineal inheritance of the mitochondrion, which has an unusual hybrid ancestry in this species along with 
<taxonomicName id="4C394D30C5063F51C59C1F9270E408C7" box="[433,498,979,1004]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="12" pageNumber="219" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ocoee">
<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C5063F51C59C1F9270E408C7" box="[433,498,979,1004]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="219">ocoee</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
B–D. Name is a non-Latin singular noun used in apposition. We suggest the common names “Cherokee” or “Great Smokies” Mountain Dusky Salamander.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF46663BC5063F51C4BA1BD873410CD2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7120221" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7120221" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7120221/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="219" startId="12.[151,250,1945,1969]" targetBox="[151,1435,1065,1921]" targetPageId="12">
<paragraph id="8B8636B3C5063F51C4BA1BD873410CD2" blockId="12.[151,1437,1945,2042]" pageId="12" pageNumber="219">
<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C5063F51C4BA1BD870050C9A" bold="true" box="[151,275,1945,1969]" pageId="12" pageNumber="219">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
The type locality of 
<taxonomicName id="4C394D30C5063F51C5CA1BD873C00C9A" authorityName="Pyron &amp; Beamer" authorityYear="2022" box="[487,726,1945,1969]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="12" pageNumber="219" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="adatsihi">
<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C5063F51C5CA1BD873C00C9A" box="[487,726,1945,1969]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="219">Desmognathus adatsihi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on Cataloochee Balsam, Great Smoky Mountains National Park (NC: Swain), ~1650m ASL. The habitat is classic “spruce-fir” forest. The type series were captured under rocks and logs in the foreground. Photo courtesy of T.W. Pierson.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF46663BC5073F50C4BA1F8C70C50F5E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7120227" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7120227" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7120227/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="220" startId="13.[151,250,973,997]" targetBox="[218,1369,181,948]" targetPageId="13">
<paragraph id="8B8636B3C5073F50C4BA1F8C70C50F5E" blockId="13.[151,1437,973,1141]" pageId="13" pageNumber="220">
<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C5073F50C4BA1F8C703708CE" bold="true" box="[151,289,973,997]" pageId="13" pageNumber="220">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
Paratype (USNM 596063/RAP0890) of 
<taxonomicName id="4C394D30C5073F50C6EB1F8C72A008CE" authorityName="Pyron &amp; Beamer" authorityYear="2022" box="[710,950,973,997]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="13" pageNumber="220" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="adatsihi">
<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C5073F50C6EB1F8C72A008CE" box="[710,950,973,997]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="220">Desmognathus adatsihi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Cataloochee Balsam (NC: Swain) in life, photo courtesy of T.W. Pierson. This brilliantly colored erythristic morph and its xanthic counterpart are infrequently observed, primarily on Cataloochee Balsam near the type locality, but also very rarely on Clingmans Dome in the Smokies (Fig. 14a) and Waterrock Knob in the Plott Balsams (S. G. Tilley, 
<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C5073F50C6B7187B72000F7A" box="[666,790,1082,1105]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="220">pers. comm.</emphasis>
). A similar specimen from near the type locality was mislabeled as 
<taxonomicName id="4C394D30C5073F50C49E181F70320F5E" authorityName="Dunn" authorityYear="1927" box="[179,292,1118,1141]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="13" pageNumber="220" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="imitator">
<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C5073F50C49E181F70320F5E" box="[179,292,1118,1141]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="220">D. imitator</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B42C5073F50C564181C70D80F5E" author="Dodd, C. K." box="[329,462,1117,1141]" pageId="13" pageNumber="220" refId="ref13484" refString="Dodd, C. K. (2004) The amphibians of Great Smoky Mountains National Park. University of Tennessee Press, Knoxville, 283 pp." type="book" year="2004">Dodd (2004)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF46663BC5073F50C4BA1BD4748B0CDE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7120231" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7120231" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7120231/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="220" startId="13.[151,250,1941,1965]" targetBox="[230,1358,1165,1917]" targetPageId="13">
<paragraph id="8B8636B3C5073F50C4BA1BD4748B0CDE" blockId="13.[151,1437,1941,2037]" pageId="13" pageNumber="220">
<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C5073F50C4BA1BD470360C86" bold="true" box="[151,288,1941,1965]" pageId="13" pageNumber="220">FIGURE 11.</emphasis>
Paratype (USNM 596064/RAP0891) of 
<taxonomicName id="4C394D30C5073F50C6E81BD472A00C86" authorityName="Pyron &amp; Beamer" authorityYear="2022" box="[709,950,1941,1965]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="13" pageNumber="220" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="adatsihi">
<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C5073F50C6E81BD472A00C86" box="[709,950,1941,1965]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="220">Desmognathus adatsihi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Cataloochee Balsam (NC: Swain) in life, photo courtesy of T. W. Pierson. This partially spotted morph is the only color pattern that is likely to be confused with 
<taxonomicName id="4C394D30C5073F50C1A91BFB71FF0CDE" authorityName="Dunn" authorityYear="1927" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="13" pageNumber="220" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="imitator">
<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C5073F50C1A91BFB71FF0CDE" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="220">D. imitator</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but the spots are more contiguous, particularly towards the tail, with an overall lighter ground color (see 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B42C5073F50C1341B9C74840CDE" author="Tilley, S. G." box="[1305,1426,2013,2037]" pageId="13" pageNumber="220" pagination="121 - 147" refId="ref16635" refString="Tilley, S. G. (2000) The systematics of Desmognathus imitator. In: Bruce, R. C., Jaeger, R. G. &amp; Houck, L. D. (Eds.), The Biology of Plethodontid Salamanders. Springer US, Boston, Massachusetts, pp. 121 - 147." type="book chapter" year="2000">Tilley 2000</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF46663BC5043F53C4BA1B3E74710CF4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7120233" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7120233" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7120233/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="221" startId="14.[151,250,1919,1943]" targetBox="[151,1435,181,1894]" targetPageId="14">
<paragraph id="8B8636B3C5043F53C4BA1B3E74710CF4" blockId="14.[151,1437,1919,2015]" pageId="14" pageNumber="221">
<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C5043F53C4BA1B3E70350CBC" bold="true" box="[151,291,1919,1943]" pageId="14" pageNumber="221">FIGURE 12.</emphasis>
Comparison of large, darkened adult males (based on elongated snouts and peramorphic jaw musculature) of 
<taxonomicName id="4C394D30C5043F53C4BA1BE270940C90" authorityName="Pyron &amp; Beamer" authorityYear="2022" box="[151,386,1955,1979]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="14" pageNumber="221" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="adatsihi">
<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C5043F53C4BA1BE270940C90" box="[151,386,1955,1979]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="221">Desmognathus adatsihi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(a: RAP2816; Rough Ridge, NC: Haywood) and 
<taxonomicName id="4C394D30C5043F53C7441BE572E60C90" authorityName="Pyron &amp; Beamer" authorityYear="2022" box="[873,1008,1955,1979]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="14" pageNumber="221" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="balsameus">
<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C5043F53C7441BE572E60C90" box="[873,1008,1955,1979]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="221">D. balsameus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(b: RAP2827; Bear Pen Gap, NC: Jackson; Fig. 16a) in life, showing the similar overall melanic coloration taken on with age. Photos courtesy of M.A. Seldes (UGA).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF46663BC5053F52C4BA1B3F722A0C91" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7120237" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7120237" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7120237/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="222" startId="15.[151,250,1918,1942]" targetBox="[151,1435,181,1894]" targetPageId="15">
<paragraph id="8B8636B3C5053F52C4BA1B3F722A0C91" blockId="15.[151,1436,1918,1979]" pageId="15" pageNumber="222">
<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C5053F52C4BA1B3F70370CBD" bold="true" box="[151,289,1918,1942]" pageId="15" pageNumber="222">FIGURE 13.</emphasis>
Photographs of two adult 
<taxonomicName id="4C394D30C5053F52C61C1B3F72360CBD" authorityName="Pyron &amp; Beamer" authorityYear="2022" box="[561,800,1918,1942]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="15" pageNumber="222" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="adatsihi">
<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C5053F52C61C1B3F72360CBD" box="[561,800,1918,1942]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="222">Desmognathus adatsihi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(a: RAP2818; b: RAP2820) in life, from the paratype locality on Rough Ridge (NC: Haywood). Photos courtesy of M.A. Seldes.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF46663BC51A3F4DC4BA1B3E72CE0CF4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7120239" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7120239" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7120239/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="223" startId="16.[151,250,1919,1943]" targetBox="[151,1435,181,1894]" targetPageId="16">
<paragraph id="8B8636B3C51A3F4DC4BA1B3E72CE0CF4" blockId="16.[151,1437,1919,2015]" pageId="16" pageNumber="223">
<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C51A3F4DC4BA1B3E70370CBC" bold="true" box="[151,289,1919,1943]" pageId="16" pageNumber="223">FIGURE 14.</emphasis>
Comparison of small adult 
<taxonomicName id="4C394D30C51A3F4DC66D1B3E72260CBC" authorityName="Pyron &amp; Beamer" authorityYear="2022" box="[576,816,1919,1943]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="16" pageNumber="223" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="adatsihi">
<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C51A3F4DC66D1B3E72260CBC" box="[576,816,1919,1943]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="223">Desmognathus adatsihi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(a: not collected; Clingmans Dome, TN: Sevier/NC: Swain) and exceptionally large (54mm SVL) adult 
<taxonomicName id="4C394D30C51A3F4DC67D1BE573CF0C90" authorityName="Pyron &amp; Beamer" authorityYear="2022" box="[592,729,1955,1979]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="16" pageNumber="223" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="balsameus">
<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C51A3F4DC67D1BE573CF0C90" box="[592,729,1955,1979]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="223">D. balsameus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(b: RAP2831; Lost Knob, NC: Jackson) in life, showing the dramatic possible differences in body form and coloration. Photos courtesy of M.A. Seldes.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF46663BC51B3F4CC4BA1B2B70F50CC5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7120243" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7120243" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7120243/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="224" startId="17.[151,250,1898,1922]" targetBox="[159,1428,256,1873]" targetPageId="17">
<paragraph id="8B8636B3C51B3F4CC4BA1B2B70F50CC5" blockId="17.[151,1437,1898,2031]" pageId="17" pageNumber="224">
<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C51B3F4CC4BA1B2B70350CA9" bold="true" box="[151,291,1898,1922]" pageId="17" pageNumber="224">FIGURE 15.</emphasis>
An aberrant specimen (RAP0908) of 
<taxonomicName id="4C394D30C51B3F4CC6911B2B72B80CA9" authorityName="Pyron &amp; Beamer" authorityYear="2022" box="[700,942,1898,1922]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="17" pageNumber="224" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="adatsihi">
<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C51B3F4CC6911B2B72B80CA9" box="[700,942,1898,1922]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="224">Desmognathus adatsihi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Rough Ridge (NC: Haywood) in life on isolated (a) and natural (b) backgrounds. In contrast to the regularly encountered erythristic and xanthic morphs, we hypothesize this individual to be a singular mutant, probably leucistic, rather than a form which occurs with any frequency in the population. Photos courtesy of T.W. Pierson.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8636B3C5183F4FC4EA1CD670FA0A4E" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,357]" pageId="18" pageNumber="225">
<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C5183F4FC4EA1CD670050B9A" bold="true" box="[199,275,151,177]" pageId="18" pageNumber="225">Notes:</emphasis>
Comprises the 
<taxonomicName id="4C394D30C5183F4FC5E91CD673130B9B" box="[452,517,151,176]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="18" pageNumber="225" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ocoee">
<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C5183F4FC5E91CD673130B9B" box="[452,517,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="225">ocoee</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
A lineage first tentatively identified by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B42C5183F4FC7E51CD6758A0B9A" author="Tilley, S. G. &amp; Merritt, R. B. &amp; Wu, B. &amp; Highton, R." box="[968,1180,151,177]" pageId="18" pageNumber="225" pagination="93 - 115" refId="ref16855" refString="Tilley, S. G., Merritt, R. B., Wu, B. &amp; Highton, R. (1978) Genetic differentiation in salamanders of the Desmognathus ochrophaeus complex (Plethodontidae). Evolution, 32, 93 - 115." type="journal article" year="1978">
Tilley 
<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C5183F4FC03F1CD6755C0B9A" box="[1042,1098,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="225">et al.</emphasis>
(1978)
</bibRefCitation>
and defined by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B42C5183F4FC17E1CD670340BFE" author="Kozak, K. H. &amp; Larson, A. &amp; Bonett, R. M. &amp; Harmon, L. J." pageId="18" pageNumber="225" pagination="2000 - 2016" refId="ref15009" refString="Kozak, K. H., Larson, A., Bonett, R. M. &amp; Harmon, L. J. (2005) Phylogenetic analysis of ecomorphological divergence, community structure, and diversification rates in dusky salamanders (Plethodontidae: Desmognathus). Evolution, 59, 2000 - 2016. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 0014 - 3820.2005. tb 01069. x" type="journal article" year="2005">
Kozak 
<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C5183F4FC4BA1CFA71D90BFE" box="[151,207,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="225">et al.</emphasis>
(2005)
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B42C5183F4FC5001CFA732A0BFE" author="Beamer, D. A. &amp; Lamb, T." box="[301,572,187,213]" pageId="18" pageNumber="225" pagination="1 - 61" refId="ref12430" refString="Beamer, D. A. &amp; Lamb, T. (2020) Towards rectifying limitations on species delineation in dusky salamanders (Desmognathus: Plethodontidae): an ecoregion-drainage sampling grid reveals additional cryptic clades. Zootaxa, 4734 (1), 1 - 61. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4734.1.1" type="journal article" year="2020">Beamer &amp; Lamb (2020)</bibRefCitation>
, and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B42C5183F4FC6581CFA72560BFE" author="Pyron, R. A. &amp; O'Connell, K. A. &amp; Lemmon, E. M. &amp; Lemmon, A. R. &amp; Beamer, D. A." box="[629,832,187,213]" pageId="18" pageNumber="225" pagination="106751" refId="ref16177" refString="Pyron, R. A., O'Connell, K. A., Lemmon, E. M., Lemmon, A. R. &amp; Beamer, D. A. (2020) Phylogenomic data reveal reticulation and incongruence among mitochondrial candidate species in Dusky Salamanders (Desmognathus). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 146, 106751. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2020.106751" type="journal article" year="2020">
Pyron 
<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C5183F4FC6921CFA73E00BFE" box="[703,758,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="225">et al.</emphasis>
(2020
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B42C5183F4FC7661CFA72820BFE" author="Pyron, R. A. &amp; O'Connell, K. A. &amp; Lemmon, E. M. &amp; Lemmon, A. R. &amp; Beamer, D. A." box="[843,916,187,213]" pageId="18" pageNumber="225" pagination="8574" refId="ref16099" refString="Pyron, R. A., O'Connell, K. A., Lemmon, E. M., Lemmon, A. R. &amp; Beamer, D. A. (2022 c) Candidate-species delimitation in Desmognathus salamanders reveals gene flow across lineage boundaries, confounding phylogenetic estimation and clarifying hybrid zones. Ecology and Evolution, 12, e 8574. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / ece 3.8574" type="journal article" year="2022">2022c</bibRefCitation>
). Little is known of the biology of this species. Like many other mountain duskies, it is highly terrestrial and appears to spend most of its adult life on the forest floor significant distances away from any permanent flowing water. Some populations from the Smokies were briefly described by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B42C5183F4FC5531D6673230A6A" author="Huheey, J. E." box="[382,565,295,321]" pageId="18" pageNumber="225" pagination="63 - 72" refId="ref14627" refString="Huheey, J. E. (1966 b) The desmognathine salamanders of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Journal of the Ohio Herpetological Society, 5, 63 - 72. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1562609" type="journal article" year="1966">Huheey (1966b)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B42C5183F4FC6461D6673E90A6A" author="Dodd, C. K." box="[619,767,295,321]" pageId="18" pageNumber="225" refId="ref13484" refString="Dodd, C. K. (2004) The amphibians of Great Smoky Mountains National Park. University of Tennessee Press, Knoxville, 283 pp." type="book" year="2004">Dodd (2004)</bibRefCitation>
. An aberrant, possibly leucistic morph has been observed at the 
<typeStatus id="54828811C5183F4FC4ED1D0A70360A4E" box="[192,288,331,357]" pageId="18" pageNumber="225" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
locality (
<figureCitation id="13022A36C5183F4FC5A61D0A70C80A4E" box="[395,478,330,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1898,1922]" captionTargetBox="[159,1428,256,1873]" captionTargetId="figure-19@17.[159,1428,181,1873]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 15. An aberrant specimen (RAP0908) of Desmognathus adatsihi from Rough Ridge (NC: Haywood) in life on isolated (a) and natural (b) backgrounds. In contrast to the regularly encountered erythristic and xanthic morphs, we hypothesize this individual to be a singular mutant, probably leucistic, rather than a form which occurs with any frequency in the population. Photos courtesy of T.W. Pierson." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7120243" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7120243/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="225">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636B3C5183F4FC4BA1DD270890916" blockId="18.[151,1437,403,573]" pageId="18" pageNumber="225">
The third species accounted for here is the 
<taxonomicName id="4C394D30C5183F4FC65A1DD273AE0A87" box="[631,696,403,428]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="18" pageNumber="225" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ocoee">
<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C5183F4FC65A1DD273AE0A87" box="[631,696,403,428]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="225">ocoee</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
B lineage, the second member of the Balsam clade of 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B42C5183F4FC1371DD271E40AFA" author="Pyron, R. A. &amp; O'Connell, K. A. &amp; Lemmon, E. M. &amp; Lemmon, A. R. &amp; Beamer, D. A." pageId="18" pageNumber="225" pagination="8574" refId="ref16099" refString="Pyron, R. A., O'Connell, K. A., Lemmon, E. M., Lemmon, A. R. &amp; Beamer, D. A. (2022 c) Candidate-species delimitation in Desmognathus salamanders reveals gene flow across lineage boundaries, confounding phylogenetic estimation and clarifying hybrid zones. Ecology and Evolution, 12, e 8574. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / ece 3.8574" type="journal article" year="2022">
Pyron 
<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C5183F4FC1491DD2748B0A86" box="[1380,1437,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="225">et al.</emphasis>
(2022c)
</bibRefCitation>
. This taxon is distributed throughout the Great Balsam Mountains of western 
<collectingRegion id="49FDF851C5183F4FC0731DF6741F0AFA" box="[1118,1289,439,465]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="18" pageNumber="225">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
, southeast of Balsam Gap. It shares hybridized non-lineal mitochondrial ancestry with 
<taxonomicName id="4C394D30C5183F4FC7F21D9A75FE0ADE" authorityName="Pyron &amp; Beamer" authorityYear="2022" box="[991,1256,475,501]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="18" pageNumber="225" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="adatsihi">
<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C5183F4FC7F21D9A75FE0ADE" box="[991,1256,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="225">Desmognathus adatsihi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C394D30C5183F4FC10E1D9A74720ADF" box="[1315,1380,475,500]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="18" pageNumber="225" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ocoee">
<emphasis id="B94DEAA1C5183F4FC10E1D9A74720ADF" box="[1315,1380,475,500]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="225">ocoee</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
C/D but is otherwise genealogically exclusive and exhibits no apparent admixture with any other lineage. Consequently, we recognize it here as:
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>