484 lines
58 KiB
XML
484 lines
58 KiB
XML
<document id="03CCD63ED3E07CBDA62157EA8014234B" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.2364.1.1" ID-ISSN="11755334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5315506" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629660395335" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Passos, Paulo, Fernandes, Ronaldo, Bérnils, Renato S. & De Moura-Leite, Julio C." docDate="2010" docId="0390751B3D42FFFBFF61FE9AFB43BD1A" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02364p063.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2364 (1)" docSource="https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2364.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:D239614CE4198176A422035174489AB1.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.monograph" docStyleId="D239614CE4198176A422035174489AB1" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Atractus trihedrurus Amaral 1926" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="49" masterDocId="FFA90D633D6CFFCBFFF6FFADFFE0BA54" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest Atractus (Reptilia: Serpentes: Dipsadidae) 2364" masterLastPageNumber="63" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="47" updateTime="1699091306492" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="ED99D14BF5B25BDD63F030D5BEE1D7A9">Taxonomic revision of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest Atractus (Reptilia: Serpentes: Dipsadidae) 2364</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6EE8F0976F0DB874D6DDE465F2A3241A">Passos, Paulo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A93D1A239F1161CB13F1167EB7582DAA">Fernandes, Ronaldo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="917E20717722CFA316513B2C0F0245A2">Bérnils, Renato S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="703979A8E8CFAFD7CE9541C33C6A0793" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="621605FB08E16A24FF65E1AF992E6F15">De Moura-Leite, Julio C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="B9B8139B590FACC380A36B3F4DBB5856">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="7B7B93FA02C7F36E35FBB55DFF2D8F90">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="192761CF3BB9425A962864A84BBDF7B2">2010</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="51B97A2281C1222B627397830552E0D3">2010-02-19</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="E2FD7B3D303432EF7CEA0381C2B4C844">2364</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="9C2D72E71DB5097ABAB45F454A3FA584">https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2364.1.1</mods:url>
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<treatment id="0390751B3D42FFFBFF61FE9AFB43BD1A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5323932" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5323932" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0390751B3D42FFFBFF61FE9AFB43BD1A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0390751B3D42FFFBFF61FE9AFB43BD1A" lastPageId="48" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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<subSubSection id="C32397863D42FFE5FF61FE9AFDDFBB05" box="[151,575,311,337]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B86C40D3D42FFE5FF61FE9AFDDFBB05" blockId="46.[151,575,311,372]" box="[151,575,311,337]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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<heading id="D0CE73613D42FFE5FF61FE9AFDDFBB05" bold="true" box="[151,575,311,337]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C39BF8E3D42FFE5FF61FE9AFDDFBB05" authority="Amaral, 1926" authorityName="Amaral" authorityYear="1926" box="[151,575,311,337]" class="Reptilia" family="Dipsadidae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trihedrurus">
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<emphasis id="B94D181F3D42FFE5FF61FE9AFDDFBB05" bold="true" box="[151,575,311,337]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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<emphasis id="B94D181F3D42FFE5FF61FE9AFE6FBB05" bold="true" box="[151,399,311,337]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Atractus trihedrurus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA8B9FC3D42FFE5FE60FE9AFDDFBB05" author="Amaral, A." box="[406,575,311,337]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="101 - 121" refId="ref37460" refString="Amaral, A. (1926) Novos generos e especies de ophidios brasileiros. Archivos do Museu Nacional, 26, 101 - 121." type="journal article" year="1926">Amaral, 1926</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32397863D42FFE5FF61FEF7FE47BB20" box="[151,423,346,372]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B86C40D3D42FFE5FF61FEF7FE47BB20" blockId="46.[151,575,311,372]" box="[151,423,346,372]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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<figureCitation id="1302D8883D42FFE5FF61FEF7FEEDBB20" box="[151,269,346,372]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="38.[151,255,1719,1743]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,517,1691]" captionTargetId="figure-178@38.[151,1436,517,1691]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 15. General view of the holotypes of (A) Atractus ronnie (MNRJ 14134), (B) A. serranus (IBSP 7239), (C) A. thalesdelemai (MNRJ 10051), and (D) A. trihedrurus (IBSP 3098)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5361501" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5361501/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Figs. 15D</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="1302D8883D42FFE5FEEFFEF7FE89BB20" box="[281,361,346,372]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="39.[151,255,1941,1965]" captionText="FIGURE 16. Dorsal and ventral views of juveniles (A, B) and adults (C, D) specimens of Atractus serranus (left) and A. trihedrusrus (right)." pageId="46" pageNumber="47">16B,D</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="1302D8883D42FFE5FE83FEF7FE47BB20" box="[373,423,346,372]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="48.[151,255,1306,1330]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,277,1279]" captionTargetId="figure-261@48.[151,1436,277,1279]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURE 18. General view in life of juveniles (above) and adults (below) of Atractus trihedrurus (A) and A. zebrinus (B). Juvenile of A. trihedrurus from São Paulo, state of São Paulo, photo by B. Handam. Juvenile of A. zebrinus from Riacho Grande and adult of A. trihedrurus from Miracatu both in the state of São Paulo, photos by M.R. Duarte. Adult of A. zebrinus from Mananciais da Serra, state of Paraná, photos by H. Garcia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5361505" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5361505/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">18A</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32397863D42FFE5FF61FE07FB28BBB5" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B86C40D3D42FFE5FF61FE07FCC1BB95" blockId="46.[151,1224,426,513]" box="[151,801,426,449]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C39BF8E3D42FFE5FF61FE07FDEDBB95" authority="Amaral, 1926" authorityName="Amaral" authorityYear="1926" box="[151,525,426,449]" class="Reptilia" family="Dipsadidae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trihedrurus">
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||
<emphasis id="B94D181F3D42FFE5FF61FE07FE91BB95" box="[151,369,426,449]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Atractus trihedrurus</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA8B9FC3D42FFE5FE8EFE07FDEDBB95" author="Amaral, A." box="[376,525,426,449]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="101 - 121" refId="ref37460" refString="Amaral, A. (1926) Novos generos e especies de ophidios brasileiros. Archivos do Museu Nacional, 26, 101 - 121." type="journal article" year="1926">Amaral, 1926</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
; Arch. Mus. Nac. 24:105.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B86C40D3D42FFE5FF61FE67FB28BBB5" blockId="46.[151,1224,426,513]" box="[151,1224,458,481]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C39BF8E3D42FFE5FF61FE67FE91BBB5" authorityName="Amaral" authorityYear="1926" box="[151,369,458,481]" class="Reptilia" family="Dipsadidae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trihedrurus">
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||
<emphasis id="B94D181F3D42FFE5FF61FE67FE91BBB5" box="[151,369,458,481]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Atractus trihedrurus</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
– Peters & Orejas-Miranda; Bull. Nat. Mus. Nat. Hist. 297:327 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D181F3D42FFE5FBD0FE67FB58BBB5" box="[1062,1208,458,481]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">insertae sedis</emphasis>
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||
).
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C32397863D42FFE5FF61FE47FB71B855" box="[151,1169,490,513]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B86C40D3D42FFE5FF61FE47FB71B855" blockId="46.[151,1224,426,513]" box="[151,1169,490,513]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C39BF8E3D42FFE5FF61FE47FE91B855" authorityName="Amaral" authorityYear="1926" box="[151,369,490,513]" class="Reptilia" family="Dipsadidae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trihedrurus">
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||
<emphasis id="B94D181F3D42FFE5FF61FE47FE91B855" box="[151,369,490,513]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Atractus trihedrurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
–
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA8B9FC3D42FFE5FE7AFE47FDDEB855" author="Fernandes, R." box="[396,574,490,513]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="37 - 53" refId="ref38429" refString="Fernandes, R. (1996) Variation and taxonomy of the Atractus reticulatus complex (Serpentes: Colubridae). Comunicacoes do Museu de Ciencias e Tecnologia da PUCRS, Serie Zoologia, 8, 37 - 53 [dated 1995]." type="journal article" year="1996">Fernandes, 1996</bibRefCitation>
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||
; Comun. Mus. Ciênc. Tecnol. PUCRS, Sér. Zool., 8:51.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C32397863D42FFE5FF61FD9FFC72B890" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="8B86C40D3D42FFE5FF61FD9FFB88B820" blockId="46.[151,1436,562,2028]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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||
<materialsCitation id="3B51CE503D42FFE5FF61FD9FFB88B820" collectingDate="1924-10-17" collectionCode="IBSP" collectorName="J. Naderer" country="Brazil" elevation="870" latitude="-26.25" location="Adult" longLatPrecision="1243" longitude="-49.383335" municipality="Sao Bento do Sul" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" specimenCode="IBSP 3098" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Santa Catarina" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B94D181F3D42FFE5FF61FD9FFEF2B818" bold="true" box="[151,274,562,588]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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<typeStatus id="54827AAF3D42FFE5FF61FD9FFEEDB818" box="[151,269,562,588]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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||
:
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||
</emphasis>
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||
<location id="8EE692D63D42FFE5FEEBFD9FFE80B818" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0390751B3D42FFFBFF61FE9AFB43BD1A:8EE692D63D42FFE5FEEBFD9FFE80B818" box="[285,352,562,588]" country="Brazil" latitude="-26.25" longLatPrecision="1243" longitude="-49.383335" municipality="Sao Bento do Sul" name="Adult" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" stateProvince="Santa Catarina">Adult</location>
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||
male,
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||
<specimenCode id="DB9F6C763D42FFE5FE40FD9FFDDBB818" box="[438,571,562,588]" collectionCode="IBSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/23qr-v2gj" name="Instituto Biologico de Sao Paulo" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">IBSP 3098</specimenCode>
|
||
, from
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||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE25E773D42FFE5FD79FD9FFC85B818" box="[655,869,562,588]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">São Bento do Sul</collectingMunicipality>
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(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0DA2CA3D42FFE5FC8FFD9FFC39B818" box="[889,985,562,588]" degrees="26" direction="south" minutes="15" orientation="latitude" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" precision="925" value="-26.25">26º15’S</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0DA2CA3D42FFE5FC1FFD9FFBB2B818" box="[1001,1106,562,588]" degrees="49" direction="west" minutes="23" orientation="longitude" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" precision="925" value="-49.383335">49º23’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, ca.
|
||
<quantity id="4CC169E83D42FFE5FB78FD9FFB3EB818" box="[1166,1246,562,588]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.7" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" unit="m" value="870.0">
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||
<elevation id="0014233E3D42FFE5FB78FD9FFB3EB818" box="[1166,1246,562,588]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.7" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" unit="m" value="870.0">870 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
), state of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FD0AEF3D42FFE5FAADFD9FFF1DB820" country="Brazil" name="Santa Catarina" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Santa Catarina</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32E849D3D42FFE5FEFFFDF7FEB4B820" box="[265,340,602,628]" name="Brazil" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, collected by
|
||
<collectorName id="26CCA1DB3D42FFE5FE03FDF7FD8DB820" box="[501,621,602,628]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">J. Naderer</collectorName>
|
||
on
|
||
<date id="FF87E2CD3D42FFE5FD6FFDF7FCBDB820" box="[665,861,602,628]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" value="1924-10-17">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFC31B253D42FFE5FD6FFDF7FCBDB820" box="[665,861,602,628]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" value="1924-10-17">17 October 1924</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
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||
(specimen examined).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B86C40D3D42FFE5FF30FD2FFC72B890" blockId="46.[151,1436,562,2028]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B51CE503D42FFE5FF30FD2FFC6EB890" collectingDate="1923-01-27" collectionCode="IBSP" collectorName="G. Gunst" country="Brazil" elevation="910" latitude="-25.433332" location="Parana" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" specimenCode="IBSP 3067" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Parana" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D181F3D42FFE5FF30FD2FFEA2B8C8" bold="true" box="[198,322,642,668]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54827AAF3D42FFE5FF30FD2FFEDCB8C8" box="[198,316,642,668]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Adult female,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB9F6C763D42FFE5FE07FD2FFD93B8C8" box="[497,627,642,668]" collectionCode="IBSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/23qr-v2gj" name="Instituto Biologico de Sao Paulo" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">IBSP 3067</specimenCode>
|
||
, from Piraquara (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0DA2CA3D42FFE5FCC9FD2FFC40B8C8" box="[831,928,642,668]" degrees="25" direction="south" minutes="26" orientation="latitude" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" precision="925" value="-25.433332">25º26’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 49º04’, ca.
|
||
<quantity id="4CC169E83D42FFE5FBC7FD2FFB9EB8C8" box="[1073,1150,642,668]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.1" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" unit="m" value="910.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0014233E3D42FFE5FBC7FD2FFB9EB8C8" box="[1073,1150,642,668]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.1" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" unit="m" value="910.0">910 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
), state of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FD0AEF3D42FFE5FB19FD2FFAA2B8C8" box="[1263,1346,642,668]" country="Brazil" name="Parana" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Paraná</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32E849D3D42FFE5FABBFD2FFA77B8C8" box="[1357,1431,642,668]" name="Brazil" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, collected by
|
||
<collectorName id="26CCA1DB3D42FFE5FEDAFD07FE73B890" box="[300,403,682,708]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">G. Günst</collectorName>
|
||
on
|
||
<date id="FF87E2CD3D42FFE5FE49FD07FD67B890" box="[447,647,682,708]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" value="1923-01-27">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFC31B253D42FFE5FE49FD07FD67B890" box="[447,647,682,708]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" value="1923-01-27">January 27, 1923</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(specimen examined)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32397863D42FFE5FF30FD7FFB64BF10" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B86C40D3D42FFE5FF30FD7FFE9EBE00" blockId="46.[151,1436,562,2028]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D181F3D42FFE5FF30FD7FFEA8B8B8" bold="true" box="[198,328,722,748]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C39BF8E3D42FFE5FEA2FD7FFDA9B8BF" authorityName="Amaral" authorityYear="1926" box="[340,585,722,747]" class="Reptilia" family="Dipsadidae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trihedrurus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D181F3D42FFE5FEA2FD7FFDA9B8BF" box="[340,585,722,747]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Atractus trihedrurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinguished from all congeners by the following combination of characters: (1) 17/17/17 smooth dorsal scale rows; (2) generally two postoculars; (3) loreal moderate to long; (4) temporals 1+2; (5) generally seven supralabials, third and fourth contacting chinshields; (6) seven infralabials, first four contacting chinshields; (7) eight to ten maxillary teeth; (8) generally three gular scale rows; (9) generally three preventrals; (10) 146–159 ventrals in females,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC169E83D42FFE5FC70FCDFFBEEB9D8" box="[902,1038,882,908]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6322" metricValueMax="3.81" metricValueMin="3.4543999999999997" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" unit="in" value="143.0" valueMax="150.0" valueMin="136.0">136–150 in</quantity>
|
||
males; (11) 16–23 subcaudals in females,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC169E83D42FFE5FEF0FC37FE94B9E0" box="[262,372,922,948]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.604" metricValueMax="7.366" metricValueMin="5.842" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" unit="in" value="26.0" valueMax="29.0" valueMin="23.0">23–29 in</quantity>
|
||
males; (12) dorsum uniformly beige, grayish brown, or black in adults and beige or creamish red with black bands in juveniles and sub-adults; (13) venter creamish brown to uniformly black; (14) large body size, with females reaching
|
||
<quantity id="4CC169E83D42FFE5FD6FFC47FCE8BE50" box="[665,776,1002,1028]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.01" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" unit="mm" value="1010.0">1010 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL and males
|
||
<quantity id="4CC169E83D42FFE5FC3AFC47FBCCBE50" box="[972,1068,1002,1028]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.35" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" unit="mm" value="735.0">735 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL; (15) tail short in females (7.3–10.7% SVL), moderate in males (9.6–15.5% SVL); (16) hemipenis moderately bilobed, semicapitate, and semicalyculate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B86C40D3D42FFE5FF30FBCFFB64BF10" blockId="46.[151,1436,562,2028]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D181F3D42FFE5FF30FBCFFE96BE28" bold="true" box="[198,374,1122,1148]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Comparisons:</emphasis>
|
||
Among all congeners,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C39BF8E3D42FFE5FD66FBCEFCD8BE28" authorityName="Amaral" authorityYear="1926" box="[656,824,1123,1148]" class="Reptilia" family="Dipsadidae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trihedrurus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D181F3D42FFE5FD66FBCEFCD8BE28" box="[656,824,1123,1148]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">A. trihedrurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shares 17 dorsal scale rows on midbody and large body size in both sexes only with
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D181F3D42FFE5FDD1FB26FBF7BEF0" box="[551,1047,1163,1188]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C39BF8E3D42FFE5FDD1FB26FD6ABEF0" authorityName="Myers & Schargel" authorityYear="2006" box="[551,650,1163,1188]" class="Reptilia" family="Dipsadidae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gigas">A. gigas</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C39BF8E3D42FFE5FD61FB26FD1EBEF0" box="[663,766,1163,1188]" class="Reptilia" family="Dipsadidae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="major">A. major</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C39BF8E3D42FFE5FCFCFB26FC9DBEF0" authorityName="Marx" authorityYear="1960" box="[778,893,1163,1188]" class="Reptilia" family="Dipsadidae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obesus">A. obesus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C39BF8E3D42FFE5FC7FFB26FBF1BEF0" authorityName="Passos, Fernandes & Lynch" authorityYear="2009" box="[905,1041,1163,1188]" class="Reptilia" family="Dipsadidae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="titanicus">A. titanicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C39BF8E3D42FFE5FBA6FB26FB00BEF0" baseAuthorityName="Dumeril, Bibron & Dumeril" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[1104,1248,1163,1188]" class="Reptilia" family="Dipsadidae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torquatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D181F3D42FFE5FBA6FB26FB00BEF0" box="[1104,1248,1163,1188]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">A. torquatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C39BF8E3D42FFE5FB06FB26FF05BE98" authorityName="Amaral" authorityYear="1926" class="Reptilia" family="Dipsadidae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trihedrurus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D181F3D42FFE5FB06FB26FF05BE98" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Atractus trihedrurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from all of them, except
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D181F3D42FFE5FD9BFB1EFD37BE98" box="[621,727,1203,1228]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C39BF8E3D42FFE5FD9BFB1EFD31BE98" authorityName="Myers & Schargel" authorityYear="2006" box="[621,721,1203,1228]" class="Reptilia" family="Dipsadidae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gigas">A. gigas</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
by having a grayish brown or black dorsum in adult specimens and maximum female SVL>
|
||
<quantity id="4CC169E83D42FFE5FDCCFB77FD54BEA0" box="[570,692,1242,1268]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" unit="mm" value="1.0">1,000 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C39BF8E3D42FFE5FD36FB76FC51BEA0" authorityName="Amaral" authorityYear="1926" box="[704,945,1243,1268]" class="Reptilia" family="Dipsadidae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trihedrurus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D181F3D42FFE5FD36FB76FC51BEA0" box="[704,945,1243,1268]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Atractus trihedrurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C39BF8E3D42FFE5FBBDFB76FB4BBEA0" authorityName="Myers & Schargel" authorityYear="2006" box="[1099,1195,1243,1268]" class="Reptilia" family="Dipsadidae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gigas">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D181F3D42FFE5FBBDFB76FB4BBEA0" box="[1099,1195,1243,1268]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">A. gigas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having generally four infralabials contacting chinshields, 16–23 subcaudals in females and
|
||
<quantity id="4CC169E83D42FFE5FBE7FAAFFB9CBF48" box="[1041,1148,1282,1308]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.604" metricValueMax="7.366" metricValueMin="5.842" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" unit="in" value="26.0" valueMax="29.0" valueMin="23.0">23–29 in</quantity>
|
||
males (vs. two or three infralabials contacting chinshields, 31–37 subcaudals in females and
|
||
<quantity id="4CC169E83D42FFE5FC36FA87FBC7BF10" box="[960,1063,1322,1348]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1176" metricValueMax="1.1684" metricValueMin="1.0668" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" unit="in" value="44.0" valueMax="46.0" valueMin="42.0">42–46 in</quantity>
|
||
males).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32397863D42FFE4FF30FAFFFD3BBDCC" lastPageId="47" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B86C40D3D42FFE5FF30FAFFFD13BDC8" blockId="46.[151,1436,562,2028]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D181F3D42FFE5FF30FAFFFE81BF38" bold="true" box="[198,353,1362,1388]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Description:</emphasis>
|
||
Head longer than wide, arched in lateral view, sub-triangular in dorsal view; snout truncate in lateral view, round in dorsal view; canthus rostralis well marked in lateral view; cervical constriction barely distinct; rostral broader than high, sub-triangular in frontal view, poorly visible in dorsal view; internasal as long as wide; internasal suture sinistral with respect to prefrontal suture; prefrontal broader than long; supraocular sub-rectangular, longer than wide; frontal sub-triangular, as long as wide; parietal twice longer than wide; nasal divided; nostril generally restricted to prenasal; prenasal and postnasal twice as high as long; moderate to long loreal, contacting second and third supralabials; pupil sub-elliptical; generally two postoculars; upper postocular slightly higher and longer than lower postocular; temporals 1+2; anterior temporal twice longer than high; upper posterior temporal elongate, three times longer than wide; generally seven supralabials, third and fourth contacting orbit; second supralabial higher than first and smaller than third; sixth higher and seventh longer than remaining supralabials; symphisial triangular, twice broader than long; seven infralabials, first four contacting chinshields; first pair of supralabials in contact behind symphisial, preventing symphisial/chinshields contact; chinshields twice longer than wide; generally three gular scale rows; generally three preventrals; 17/17/17 smooth dorsal scale rows; dorsals lacking apical pits, supra-anal tubercles, and keels; caudal spine long, robust, and rhomboid.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B86C40D3D42FFE4FF30F807FBFABA8E" blockId="46.[151,1436,562,2028]" lastBlockId="47.[151,1441,152,2024]" lastPageId="47" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D181F3D42FFE5FF30F807FE6ABD90" bold="true" box="[198,394,1962,1988]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Maxillary arch:</emphasis>
|
||
Slightly arched in dorsal view, with six to eight prediastemal and two or three postdiastemal teeth; prediastemal teeth large, moderately spaced, of similar size, curved posteriorly, angular in cross section, robust at base, narrower at apices; maxillary diastema short; postdiastemal teeth smaller than prediastemal tooth; lateral process poorly developed, lacking posterior projection.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B86C40D3D43FFE4FF30FF4AFAF9B84E" blockId="47.[151,1441,152,2024]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D181F3D43FFE4FF30FF4AFE11BB55" bold="true" box="[198,497,231,257]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Colour in preservative:</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsum of head brown, beige, grayish brown or black; background of head brown or black to dorsal edges of supralabials; supralabials creamish white or pale brown; mental region beige, brown or black; mental region, if beige, with dark brown blotches concentrated on symphisial, first pair of infralabials, and anterior portion of chinshields; venter pale brown to uniformly black; venter occasionally with posterior margin of each ventral scales paler (beige or cream); tail brown to black, occasionally with posterior margins of each subcaudal beige; dorsal ground colour reticulate pale brown, dark brown, or black; dorsum if creamish or grayish brown, with darker edges of dorsal scales contrasting with pale centres; black bands clearly distinct in the dorsum of sub-adults and barely distinct in the adults (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1302D8883D43FFE4FBABFDADFB29B84E" box="[1117,1225,512,538]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="38.[151,255,1719,1743]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,517,1691]" captionTargetId="figure-178@38.[151,1436,517,1691]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 15. General view of the holotypes of (A) Atractus ronnie (MNRJ 14134), (B) A. serranus (IBSP 7239), (C) A. thalesdelemai (MNRJ 10051), and (D) A. trihedrurus (IBSP 3098)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5361501" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5361501/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 15D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1302D8883D43FFE4FB23FDADFAECB84E" box="[1237,1292,512,538]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="39.[151,255,1941,1965]" captionText="FIGURE 16. Dorsal and ventral views of juveniles (A, B) and adults (C, D) specimens of Atractus serranus (left) and A. trihedrusrus (right)." pageId="47" pageNumber="48">16D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B86C40D3D43FFE4FF30FD8AFAE5B90E" blockId="47.[151,1441,152,2024]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D181F3D43FFE4FF30FD8AFD72B815" bold="true" box="[198,658,551,577]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Juvenile colouration in preservative:</emphasis>
|
||
Juveniles and sub-adults with dorsum of head uniformly black or black with beige, red, or creamish red blotches along sutures between cephalic plates; dorsum of head occasionally beige, red, or creamish red with variegated black blotches above cephalic plates; ventral ground colour beige (juveniles) to dark brown (sub-adults); dorsal ground colour beige to reddish brown, with black bands on the flanks; dorsum frequently covered with complete bands (three to five scales long), alternated and connected to opposite ones along vertebral region; dorsum occasionally with irregular black blotches (two or three scales long) above paravertebral region and black dots (one or two scales long) fragmented on the flanks and paraventral region; small dots frequently connected dorsally to irregular blotches (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1302D8883D43FFE4FB7AFCEDFB17B90E" box="[1164,1271,832,858]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="39.[151,255,1941,1965]" captionText="FIGURE 16. Dorsal and ventral views of juveniles (A, B) and adults (C, D) specimens of Atractus serranus (left) and A. trihedrusrus (right)." pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 16B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B86C40D3D43FFE4FF30FCCAFAB4B986" blockId="47.[151,1441,152,2024]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D181F3D43FFE4FF30FCCAFE99B9D5" bold="true" box="[198,377,871,897]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Colour in life:</emphasis>
|
||
Adults with dorsal ground colour pale brown, grayish brown, or dark brown; sub-adults with dorsal ground colour beige to dark reddish covered with more or less evident black bands/blotches; juveniles with dorsal ground colour beige to red and clearly distinct black bands and/or blotches (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1302D8883D43FFE4FB2CFC15FAA8B986" box="[1242,1352,952,978]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="48.[151,255,1306,1330]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,277,1279]" captionTargetId="figure-261@48.[151,1436,277,1279]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURE 18. General view in life of juveniles (above) and adults (below) of Atractus trihedrurus (A) and A. zebrinus (B). Juvenile of A. trihedrurus from São Paulo, state of São Paulo, photo by B. Handam. Juvenile of A. zebrinus from Riacho Grande and adult of A. trihedrurus from Miracatu both in the state of São Paulo, photos by M.R. Duarte. Adult of A. zebrinus from Mananciais da Serra, state of Paraná, photos by H. Garcia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5361505" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5361505/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 18A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B86C40D3D43FFE4FF30FC72FD0ABC50" blockId="47.[151,1441,152,2024]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D181F3D43FFE4FF30FC72FE0CB9AD" bold="true" box="[198,492,991,1017]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Hemipenis morphology</emphasis>
|
||
(everted organs
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D181F3D43FFE4FD43FC4DFD24B9AD" box="[693,708,992,1017]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 5): Retracted organ bifurcates at eighth and extends to the level of 10
|
||
<superScript id="7C4C69453D43FFE4FED4FBA5FECEBE42" attach="left" box="[290,302,1032,1046]" fontSize="6" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">th</superScript>
|
||
subcaudal. Hemipenis moderately bilobed, semicapitate, semicalyculate; lobes distinct and restricted to distal portion of capitulum; lobes sub-cylindrical of similar size, with round apices; lobes considerably longer than remaining capitulum; lobes and capitulum covered with small spinulate calyces; horizontal walls of calyces forming well-defined calyculate flounces on lateral portion of the sulcate side of hemipenis; spinules replaced by papillae toward lobe apices; asulcate side of capitulum with irregular calyces, forming conspiculous medial and lobular crets; capitular groove slightly distinct on the sulcate side and well defined on the asulcate side of hemipenis; capitulum located just above sulcus spermaticus bifurcation and slightly smaller than hemipenial body; sulcus spermaticus bifurcates at the middle of organ; sulcus spermaticus branches centrifugally oriented, running to tip of lobes; margins of sulcus spermaticus stout and laterally expanded, bordered with spinules from the base to the apices of lobes; hemipenial body subcylindrical covered with moderate hooked spines; large spines concentrated on lateral portion of the sulcate side of hemipenis; basal naked pocket restricted to basal portion of hemipenial body; basal region of hemipenis with longitudinal plicae and diffuse spinules (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1302D8883D43FFE4FD85FA47FD3DBC50" box="[627,733,1514,1540]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="35.[151,255,1900,1924]" captionTargetBox="[208,1376,178,1881]" captionTargetId="figure-64@35.[208,1377,174,1881]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 14. Sulcate (left) and asulcate (right) sides of the hemipenis of (A) Atractus reticulatus (MNRJ 1524), (B) A. ronnie (MNRJ 14194), (C) A. serranus (IBSP 9076), (D) A. thalesdelemai (MNRJ 10052), (E) A. trihedrurus (IBSP 55698), and (F) A. zebrinus (MNRJ 4470). Scale = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5361499" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5361499/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 14E</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B86C40D3D43FFE4FF30F9BFFD3BBDCC" blockId="47.[151,1441,152,2024]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D181F3D43FFE4FF30F9BFFEA5BC78" bold="true" box="[198,325,1554,1580]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Variation:</emphasis>
|
||
Largest male
|
||
<quantity id="4CC169E83D43FFE4FE06F9BFFDB1BC78" box="[496,593,1554,1580]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.35" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="735.0">735 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC169E83D43FFE4FD57F9BFFD15BC78" box="[673,757,1554,1580]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.3" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="83.0">83 mm</quantity>
|
||
CL, largest female
|
||
<quantity id="4CC169E83D43FFE4FC17F9BFFBB5BC78" box="[993,1109,1554,1580]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.01" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="1010.0">1010 mm</quantity>
|
||
, SVL,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC169E83D43FFE4FB5FF9BFFB1DBC78" box="[1193,1277,1554,1580]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="75.0">75 mm</quantity>
|
||
CL; tail 9.6– 15.5% (
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D181F3D43FFE4FF07F996FF1EBC00" box="[241,254,1595,1620]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">x¯</emphasis>
|
||
= 12.2; SD= 1.3;
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D181F3D43FFE4FE24F996FE01BC00" box="[466,481,1595,1620]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 29) SVL in males, 7.3–10.7% (
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D181F3D43FFE4FC9AF996FC98BC00" box="[876,888,1595,1620]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">x¯</emphasis>
|
||
= 8.8; SD= 1.1;
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D181F3D43FFE4FBC8F996FBADBC00" box="[1086,1101,1595,1620]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 20) SVL in females; 136– 150 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D181F3D43FFE4FF24F9CEFF3EBC28" box="[210,222,1635,1660]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">x¯</emphasis>
|
||
= 143,5; SD= 3.9;
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D181F3D43FFE4FE32F9CEFE33BC28" box="[452,467,1635,1660]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 29) ventrals in males, 146–159 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D181F3D43FFE4FC9BF9CEFC9ABC28" box="[877,890,1635,1660]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">x¯</emphasis>
|
||
= 151; SD = 3.1;
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D181F3D43FFE4FBA4F9CEFB81BC28" box="[1106,1121,1635,1660]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 20) in females; 23–29 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D181F3D43FFE4FA62F9CEFA41BC28" box="[1428,1441,1635,1660]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">x¯</emphasis>
|
||
= 25.2; SD = 1.4;
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D181F3D43FFE4FE9FF926FE98BCF0" box="[361,376,1675,1700]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 29) subcaudals in males, 16–23 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D181F3D43FFE4FCEEF926FCC4BCF0" box="[792,804,1675,1700]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">x¯</emphasis>
|
||
= 19; SD = 1.8;
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D181F3D43FFE4FC1CF926FC19BCF0" box="[1002,1017,1675,1700]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 20) in females; 6 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D181F3D43FFE4FB1FF926FB18BCF0" box="[1257,1272,1675,1700]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 4 sides), 7 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D181F3D43FFE4FA78F926FA7DBCF0" box="[1422,1437,1675,1700]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 89 sides), or 8 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D181F3D43FFE4FEA5F91EFE82BC98" box="[339,354,1715,1740]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 5 sides) supralabials; 3 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D181F3D43FFE4FD76F91EFD6FBC98" box="[640,655,1715,1740]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 6 sides) or 4 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D181F3D43FFE4FCCAF91EFCABBC98" box="[828,843,1715,1740]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 92 sides) first infralabials contacting chinshields; 2 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D181F3D43FFE4FF41F976FF26BCA0" box="[183,198,1755,1780]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 1 side), 3 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D181F3D43FFE4FE92F976FE93BCA0" box="[356,371,1755,1780]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 84 sides), or 4 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D181F3D43FFE4FDBAF976FDBBBCA0" box="[588,603,1755,1780]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 24 sides) gular scale rows; 2 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D181F3D43FFE4FC3FF976FC38BCA0" box="[969,984,1755,1780]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 4), 3 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D181F3D43FFE4FBC9F976FBAEBCA0" box="[1087,1102,1755,1780]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 31), or 4 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D181F3D43FFE4FB12F976FB13BCA0" box="[1252,1267,1755,1780]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 19) preventrals; 0 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D181F3D43FFE4FF02F8AEFEE3BD48" box="[244,259,1795,1820]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 1 side), 1 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D181F3D43FFE4FE67F8AEFE40BD48" box="[401,416,1795,1820]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 3 sides), or 2 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D181F3D43FFE4FD92F8AEFD93BD48" box="[612,627,1795,1820]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 94 sides) postoculars; 1+2 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D181F3D43FFE4FC3FF8AEFC38BD48" box="[969,984,1795,1820]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 96 sides), or 2+2 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D181F3D43FFE4FB3DF8AEFB3ABD48" box="[1227,1242,1795,1820]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 2 sides); 8–12 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D181F3D43FFE4FF57F886FF4DBD10" box="[161,173,1835,1860]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">x¯</emphasis>
|
||
= 8.9; SD = 0.6;
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D181F3D43FFE4FE8AF886FE6BBD10" box="[380,395,1835,1860]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 98 sides) dorsal scale rows on the level of second subcaudal; 8 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D181F3D43FFE4FB6FF886FB48BD10" box="[1177,1192,1835,1860]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 7 sides), 9 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D181F3D43FFE4FAA6F886FABFBD10" box="[1360,1375,1835,1860]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 68 sides), or 10 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D181F3D43FFE4FECDF8FEFEAABD38" box="[315,330,1875,1900]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 9 sides) maxillary teeth; 5.3–39.4 mm body diameter; retracted hemipenis bifurcates on sixth to 14
|
||
<superScript id="7C4C69453D43FFE4FF44F8D6FF5EBDDD" attach="left" box="[178,190,1915,1929]" fontSize="6" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">th</superScript>
|
||
and extends from eighth to 16
|
||
<superScript id="7C4C69453D43FFE4FDF0F8D6FDF2BDDD" attach="left" box="[518,530,1915,1929]" fontSize="6" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">th</superScript>
|
||
subcaudal (
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D181F3D43FFE4FD62F8D3FD43BDC3" box="[660,675,1918,1943]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 8).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32397863D43FFFBFF30F808FE19BA8E" lastPageId="48" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B86C40D3D43FFFBFF30F808FE19BA8E" blockId="47.[151,1441,152,2024]" lastBlockId="48.[151,1436,152,218]" lastPageId="48" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D181F3D43FFE4FF30F808FE89BDEB" bold="true" box="[198,361,1957,1983]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Distribution:</emphasis>
|
||
A narrow and steep mountain region near the coast in southeast and south
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32E849D3D43FFE4FAFFF80BFAB3BD94" box="[1289,1363,1958,1984]" name="Brazil" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, from Ribeirão Pires (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0DA2CA3D43FFE4FEB8F863FE4EBDBC" box="[334,430,1998,2024]" degrees="23" direction="south" minutes="43" orientation="latitude" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" precision="925" value="-23.716667">23º43’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0DA2CA3D43FFE4FE4DF863FDC6BDBC" box="[443,550,1998,2024]" degrees="46" direction="west" minutes="25" orientation="longitude" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" precision="925" value="-46.416668">46º25’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
) in the state of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FD0AEF3D43FFE4FD2CF863FCB1BDBC" box="[730,849,1998,2024]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
|
||
southward to Rio dos Cedros (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0DA2CA3D43FFE4FB4AF863FAFDBDBC" box="[1212,1309,1998,2024]" degrees="26" direction="south" minutes="40" orientation="latitude" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" precision="925" value="-26.666666">26º40’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0DA2CA3D43FFE4FADFF863FA73BDBC" box="[1321,1427,1998,2024]" degrees="49" direction="west" minutes="16" orientation="longitude" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" precision="925" value="-49.266666">49º16’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
) in the state of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FD0AEF3D5CFFFBFEAEFF35FDEEBAE6" box="[344,526,152,178]" country="Brazil" name="Santa Catarina" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Santa Catarina</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C39BF8E3D5CFFFBFDE9FF35FCF6BAE5" authorityName="Amaral" authorityYear="1926" box="[543,790,152,177]" class="Reptilia" family="Dipsadidae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trihedrurus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D181F3D5CFFFBFDE9FF35FCF6BAE5" box="[543,790,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Atractus trihedrurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
inhabits Submontane to Upper Montane Rainforest between
|
||
<quantity id="4CC169E83D5CFFFBFEF6FF6DFE73BA8E" box="[256,403,192,218]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="14.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="m" value="950.0" valueMax="1400.0" valueMin="500.0">500–1400 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1302D8883D5CFFFBFE55FF6DFE0BBA8E" box="[419,491,192,218]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="16.[151,255,1228,1252]" captionTargetBox="[160,1429,159,1181]" captionTargetId="figure-256@16.[155,1432,131,1204]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 7. Geographical distribution of Atractus francoi, A. serranus, and A. trihedrurus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5315528" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5315528/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF4694853D5CFFFBFF61FAB7FC5FBFCD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5361505" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5361505" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5361505/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" startId="48.[151,255,1306,1330]" targetBox="[151,1436,277,1279]" targetPageId="48">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B86C40D3D5CFFFBFF61FAB7FC5FBFCD" blockId="48.[151,1436,1306,1433]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D181F3D5CFFFBFF61FAB7FEC8BF66" bold="true" box="[151,296,1306,1330]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">FIGURE 18.</emphasis>
|
||
General view in life of juveniles (above) and adults (below) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C39BF8E3D5CFFFBFC14FAB7FB5EBF65" authorityName="Amaral" authorityYear="1926" box="[994,1214,1306,1329]" class="Reptilia" family="Dipsadidae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trihedrurus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D181F3D5CFFFBFC14FAB7FB5EBF65" box="[994,1214,1306,1329]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Atractus trihedrurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(A) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C39BF8E3D5CFFFBFAD4FAB7FA7CBF65" baseAuthorityName="Jan" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[1314,1436,1306,1329]" class="Reptilia" family="Dipsadidae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zebrinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D181F3D5CFFFBFAD4FAB7FA7CBF65" box="[1314,1436,1306,1329]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">A. zebrinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(B). Juvenile of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C39BF8E3D5CFFFBFEBFFA90FE01BF00" authorityName="Amaral" authorityYear="1926" box="[329,481,1341,1364]" class="Reptilia" family="Dipsadidae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trihedrurus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D181F3D5CFFFBFEBFFA90FE01BF00" box="[329,481,1341,1364]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">A. trihedrurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from São Paulo, state of São Paulo, photo by B. Handam. Juvenile of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C39BF8E3D5CFFFBFB10FA90FABFBF00" baseAuthorityName="Jan" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[1254,1375,1341,1364]" class="Reptilia" family="Dipsadidae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zebrinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D181F3D5CFFFBFB10FA90FABFBF00" box="[1254,1375,1341,1364]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">A. zebrinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Riacho Grande and adult of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C39BF8E3D5CFFFBFE34FAF2FDB8BF22" authorityName="Amaral" authorityYear="1926" box="[450,600,1375,1398]" class="Reptilia" family="Dipsadidae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trihedrurus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D181F3D5CFFFBFE34FAF2FDB8BF22" box="[450,600,1375,1398]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">A. trihedrurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Miracatu both in the state of São Paulo, photos by M.R. Duarte. Adult of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C39BF8E3D5CFFFBFF61FA2FFEEFBFCD" baseAuthorityName="Jan" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[151,271,1410,1433]" class="Reptilia" family="Dipsadidae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zebrinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D181F3D5CFFFBFF61FA2FFEEFBFCD" box="[151,271,1410,1433]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">A. zebrinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Mananciais da Serra, state of Paraná, photos by H. Garcia.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32397863D5CFFFBFF30FA59FB43BD1A" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B86C40D3D5CFFFBFF30FA59FB43BD1A" blockId="48.[151,1436,1524,1871]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D181F3D5CFFFBFF30FA59FEA1BC5A" bold="true" box="[198,321,1524,1550]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA8B9FC3D5CFFFBFEBBFA58FE1DBC5B" author="Amaral, A." box="[333,509,1525,1551]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="101 - 121" refId="ref37460" refString="Amaral, A. (1926) Novos generos e especies de ophidios brasileiros. Archivos do Museu Nacional, 26, 101 - 121." type="journal article" year="1926">Amaral (1926)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C39BF8E3D5CFFFBFD75FA58FCCCBC5A" authorityName="Amaral" authorityYear="1926" box="[643,812,1525,1550]" class="Reptilia" family="Dipsadidae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trihedrurus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D181F3D5CFFFBFD75FA58FCCCBC5A" box="[643,812,1525,1550]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">A. trihedrurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D3F0F843D5CFFFBFC5BFA58FBBEBC5B" box="[941,1118,1525,1551]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
from the southern part of Serra do Mar,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32E849D3D5CFFFBFEBCF9B0FE75BC63" box="[330,405,1565,1591]" name="Brazil" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA8B9FC3D5CFFFBFE52F9B0FD83BC63" author="Amaral, A." box="[420,611,1565,1591]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="65" refId="ref37603" refString="Amaral, A. (1930 d) Studies of Neotropical Ophidia XXIV. A new Brazilian snake. Bulletin Antivenin of the American Institute, 4, 65." type="journal article" year="1930">Amaral (1930d)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
proposed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C39BF8E3D5CFFFBFD13F9B0FC90BC62" authorityName="Amaral" authorityYear="1930" box="[741,880,1565,1590]" class="Reptilia" family="Dipsadidae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="serranus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D181F3D5CFFFBFD13F9B0FC90BC62" box="[741,880,1565,1590]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">A. serranus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on the basis of one individual from Serra de Paranapiacaba, a mountain range near
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FD0AEF3D5CFFFBFDAFF9E8FD2FBC0B" box="[601,719,1605,1631]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
|
||
City, southeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32E849D3D5CFFFBFC59F9E8FC1ABC0B" box="[943,1018,1605,1631]" name="Brazil" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA8B9FC3D5CFFFBFBF3F9E8FB4EBC0B" author="Savage, J. M." box="[1029,1198,1605,1631]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="1 - 86" refId="ref40921" refString="Savage, J. M. (1960) A revision of the Ecuadorian snakes of the colubrid genus Atractus. Miscelaneous Publications Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, 112, 1 - 86." type="journal article" year="1960">Savage (1960)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
doubted the generic allocation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C39BF8E3D5CFFFBFEC1F9C0FE00BCD2" authorityName="Amaral" authorityYear="1926" box="[311,480,1645,1670]" class="Reptilia" family="Dipsadidae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trihedrurus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D181F3D5CFFFBFEC1F9C0FE00BCD2" box="[311,480,1645,1670]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">A. trihedrurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on the original description of the species, in which
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA8B9FC3D5CFFFBFB50F9C0FAB5BCD3" author="Amaral, A." box="[1190,1365,1645,1671]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="101 - 121" refId="ref37460" refString="Amaral, A. (1926) Novos generos e especies de ophidios brasileiros. Archivos do Museu Nacional, 26, 101 - 121." type="journal article" year="1926">Amaral (1926)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mentioned two pairs of chinshields.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA8B9FC3D5CFFFBFDE1F938FC4CBCFB" author="Peters, J. A. & Orejas-Miranda, B." box="[535,940,1685,1711]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="1 - 347" refId="ref40755" refString="Peters, J. A. & Orejas-Miranda, B. (1970) Catalogue of the Neotropical Squanata: Part I. Snakes. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 297, 1 - 347." type="journal article" year="1970">Peters and Orejas-Miranda (1970)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
followed Savage’s suspiscion, placing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C39BF8E3D5CFFFBFA75F938FEFCBC82" authorityName="Amaral" authorityYear="1926" class="Reptilia" family="Dipsadidae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trihedrurus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D181F3D5CFFFBFA75F938FEFCBC82" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">A. trihedrurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D181F3D5CFFFBFEB0F910FE11BC82" box="[326,497,1725,1750]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">incertae sedis.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA8B9FC3D5CFFFBFE0CF910FD29BC83" author="Fernandes, R." box="[506,713,1725,1751]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="37 - 53" refId="ref38429" refString="Fernandes, R. (1996) Variation and taxonomy of the Atractus reticulatus complex (Serpentes: Colubridae). Comunicacoes do Museu de Ciencias e Tecnologia da PUCRS, Serie Zoologia, 8, 37 - 53 [dated 1995]." type="journal article" year="1996">Fernandes (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
included
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C39BF8E3D5CFFFBFCB6F910FC08BC82" authorityName="Amaral" authorityYear="1926" box="[832,1000,1725,1750]" class="Reptilia" family="Dipsadidae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trihedrurus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D181F3D5CFFFBFCB6F910FC08BC82" box="[832,1000,1725,1750]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">A. trihedrurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in his key for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C39BF8E3D5CFFFBFB6FF910FAB9BC83" box="[1177,1369,1725,1751]" class="Reptilia" family="Dipsadidae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D181F3D5CFFFBFB6FF910FB1CBC82" box="[1177,1276,1725,1750]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Atractus</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from southern portions of South America. Recently,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA8B9FC3D5CFFFBFD48F948FCB6BCAB" author="Lema, T." box="[702,854,1765,1791]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="53" refId="ref39153" refString="Lema, T. (2005) New occurrence of Atractus trihedrurus Amaral (Serpentes: Xenodontinae). Comunicacoes do Museu de Ciencias e Tecnologia da PUCRS, Serie Zoologia, 18, 53." type="journal article" year="2005">Lema (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C39BF8E3D5CFFFBFC30F948FB8CBCAA" authorityName="Amaral" authorityYear="1926" box="[966,1132,1765,1790]" class="Reptilia" family="Dipsadidae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trihedrurus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D181F3D5CFFFBFC30F948FB8CBCAA" box="[966,1132,1765,1790]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">A. trihedrurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, without a voucher specimen, from the state of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FD0AEF3D5CFFFBFE54F8A0FD61BD73" box="[418,641,1805,1831]" country="Brazil" name="Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Rio Grande do Sul</collectingRegion>
|
||
, but we suspect the specimen could be instead a melanic individual of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C39BF8E3D5CFFFBFF40F898FE62BD1A" authorityName="Werner" authorityYear="1924" box="[182,386,1845,1870]" class="Reptilia" family="Dipsadidae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paraguayensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D181F3D5CFFFBFF40F898FE62BD1A" box="[182,386,1845,1870]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">A. paraguayensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
because there is no further record of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C39BF8E3D5CFFFBFC95F898FBE8BD1A" authorityName="Amaral" authorityYear="1926" box="[867,1032,1845,1870]" class="Reptilia" family="Dipsadidae" genus="Atractus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trihedrurus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94D181F3D5CFFFBFC95F898FBE8BD1A" box="[867,1032,1845,1870]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">A. trihedrurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for this area.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |