211 lines
26 KiB
XML
211 lines
26 KiB
XML
<document id="8DB47CDE0BE670E5E52AD93D9305B3A5" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.13229011" ID-ISSN="2345-7600" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13229011" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1722893989022" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Leong, T. M. & Lim, Kelvin K. P." docDate="2003" docId="038887B8EC46FFE0FC6CFF005FEFFD92" docLanguage="en" docName="RafflesBZool.51.1.123-136.pdf" docOrigin="Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 51 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:19380AF0FBA5B2F218DD253A34ABE57F.5:RafflesBZool.2003-2005.journal_article" docStyleId="19380AF0FBA5B2F218DD253A34ABE57F" docStyleName="RafflesBZool.2003-2005.journal_article" docStyleVersion="5" docTitle="Limnonectes nitidus" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="127" masterDocId="FFB1FFC0EC45FFE4FFD0FFFA5A60FFCA" masterDocTitle="Herpetofaunal Records From Fraser’S Hill, Peninsular Malaysia, With Larval Descriptions Of Limnonectes Nitidus And Theloderma Asperum (Amphibia: Ranidae And Rhacophoridae)" masterLastPageNumber="136" masterPageNumber="123" pageNumber="126" updateTime="1722901617398" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="5C1F024D806646F2E52567D4F5C23CD1">Herpetofaunal Records From Fraser’S Hill, Peninsular Malaysia, With Larval Descriptions Of Limnonectes Nitidus And Theloderma Asperum (Amphibia: Ranidae And Rhacophoridae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="154DF31506E8053E5D629A0992E9F604">Leong, T. M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="14BA22C68DEDD2E1B689ED7926A4B161">Lim, Kelvin K. P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="BFD7CE9AD1A4D000FA77DCF3B4AFB038">Raffles Bulletin of Zoology</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="0B51C7347C887F4EA08DC37B324E2A60">
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<mods:date id="46B97F1A4B8E14951E49D88092DC5DF8">2003</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="230881FEF139D435698551B6FECF4A79">51</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="56674D1F2F594187EA797D0856049A74" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.13229011</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="5BD4D1C52597D585A38991708B1EB3B8" type="ISSN">2345-7600</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="2E2EC8E5E37A8A8F5727EF940C340DF0" type="Zenodo-Dep">13229011</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="038887B8EC46FFE0FC6CFF005FEFFD92" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038887B8EC46FFE0FC6CFF005FEFFD92" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038887B8EC46FFE0FC6CFF005FEFFD92" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="127" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">
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<subSubSection id="C33B6525EC46FFE7FC6CFF005F7BFEDB" box="[956,1307,249,274]" pageId="3" pageNumber="126" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9E36AEEC46FFE7FC6CFF005F7BFEDB" blockId="3.[956,1307,249,304]" box="[956,1307,249,274]" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">
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<heading id="D0D681C2EC46FFE7FC6CFF005F7BFEDB" bold="true" box="[956,1307,249,274]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="126" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C214D2DEC46FFE7FC6CFF005F7BFEDB" ID-CoL="6QCZW" authority="(Smedley)" baseAuthorityName="Smedley" baseAuthorityYear="1932" box="[956,1307,249,274]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Limnonectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nitidus">
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<emphasis id="B955EABCEC46FFE7FC6CFF005F7BFEDB" bold="true" box="[956,1307,249,274]" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">
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<emphasis id="B955EABCEC46FFE7FC6CFF005EFFFED8" bold="true" box="[956,1183,250,274]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">Limnonectes nitidus</emphasis>
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(Smedley)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33B6525EC46FFE7FBFFFEE35EC9FEFA" box="[1071,1193,281,304]" pageId="3" pageNumber="126" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9E36AEEC46FFE7FBFFFEE35EC9FEFA" blockId="3.[956,1307,249,304]" box="[1071,1193,281,304]" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">
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(
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<figureCitation id="131A2A2BEC46FFE7FBE7FEE35EE5FEFA" box="[1079,1157,281,304]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[836,873,1450,1471]" captionTargetBox="[835,1474,675,1433]" captionTargetId="figure-8@4.[835,1474,675,1055]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 2. Lateral (a) and dorsal (b) aspects of Stage 40 larval Limnonectes nitidus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13229013" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13229013/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="131A2A2BEC46FFE7FB43FEE35EC0FEFA" box="[1171,1184,281,304]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[838,874,2092,2113]" captionText="Fig. 3. Oral disc of larval Limnonectes nitidus (Stage 27)." pageId="3" pageNumber="126">3</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33B6525EC46FFE7FCFDFEA359EBFC3A" pageId="3" pageNumber="126" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8B9E36AEEC46FFE7FCFDFEA35E5FFE3A" blockId="3.[813,1452,345,496]" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">
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<emphasis id="B955EABCEC46FFE7FCFDFEA359B7FEBB" bold="true" box="[813,983,345,369]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">Distribution. –</emphasis>
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Endemic to the highlands of Peninsular
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<collectingCountry id="F336763EEC46FFE7FCFDFE8359F3FE5A" box="[813,915,377,400]" name="Malaysia" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
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. Fraser’s Hill is the second montane locality where the species has been recorded.
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<typeStatus id="549A880CEC46FFE7FB45FE635EACFE7A" box="[1173,1228,409,432]" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">Type</typeStatus>
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locality: Peninsular
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<collectingCountry id="F336763EEC46FFE7FCFDFE4359FCFE1A" box="[813,924,441,464]" name="Malaysia" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
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;
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<collectingRegion id="49E5F84CEC46FFE7FC7DFE435E66FE1A" box="[941,1030,441,464]" country="Malaysia" name="Pahang" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">Pahang</collectingRegion>
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, Cameron Highlands, Tanah Rata, elevation ca.
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<quantity id="4CD99B4BEC46FFE7FC10FE235E72FE3A" box="[960,1042,473,496]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="3" pageNumber="126" unit="m" value="1300.0">1,300m</quantity>
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asl.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E36AEEC46FFE7FCFDFDE359EBFC3A" blockId="3.[813,1452,537,1008]" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">
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<emphasis id="B955EABCEC46FFE7FCFDFDE359B3FDFB" bold="true" box="[813,979,537,561]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">Microhabitat. –</emphasis>
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The larvae were found in a flat, water-logged seepage area behind a concrete embankment at edge of montane forest just adjacent to a bend in the road leading towards the Jeriau waterfalls. The elevation at this site was ca.
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<quantity id="4CD99B4BEC46FFE7FC80FD6359C0FD7A" box="[848,928,665,688]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="126" unit="m" value="1000.0">1,000m</quantity>
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asl. The entire seepage area (ca. 5 x
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<quantity id="4CD99B4BEC46FFE7FAC9FD635F5CFD7A" box="[1305,1340,665,688]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="126" unit="m" value="1.0">1m</quantity>
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) consisted of shallow (ca.
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<quantity id="4CD99B4BEC46FFE7FC1DFD43599AFD1A" box="[973,1018,697,720]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="126" unit="cm" value="5.0">5cm</quantity>
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depth) pools with dense leaf litter/humus substrate. Voucher specimens of adult and sub-adult
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<taxonomicName id="4C214D2DEC46FFE7FA45FD2359E0FCDA" baseAuthorityName="Smedley" baseAuthorityYear="1932" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Limnonectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nitidus">
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<emphasis id="B955EABCEC46FFE7FA45FD2359E0FCDA" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">L. nitidus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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were collected from this same locality (DWNP.A.1186, ZRC.1.9356-9361,
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<figureCitation id="131A2A2BEC46FFE7FB6DFCE35E9CFCFA" box="[1213,1276,793,816]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[135,173,2064,2085]" captionTargetBox="[137,1468,1595,2049]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 1. Adult male Limnonectes nitidus (ZRC.1.9356, SVL 40.7mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13229015" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13229015/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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). Apart from
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<taxonomicName id="4C214D2DEC46FFE7FA46FCE35916FC9A" baseAuthorityName="Smedley" baseAuthorityYear="1932" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Limnonectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nitidus">
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<emphasis id="B955EABCEC46FFE7FA46FCE35916FC9A" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">L. nitidus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, other anuran larvae encountered at this microhabitat included
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<taxonomicName id="4C214D2DEC46FFE7FC4AFCA35E65FCBA" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[922,1029,857,880]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Limnonectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="blythii">
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<emphasis id="B955EABCEC46FFE7FC4AFCA35E65FCBA" box="[922,1029,857,880]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">L. blythii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(ZRC.1.9310-9311),
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<taxonomicName id="4C214D2DEC46FFE7FAD5FCA35FCBFCBA" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[1285,1451,857,880]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Rana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="luctuosa">
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<emphasis id="B955EABCEC46FFE7FAD5FCA35FCBFCBA" box="[1285,1451,857,880]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">Rana luctuosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(ZRC.1.9312-9315) and
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<taxonomicName id="4C214D2DEC46FFE7FBBAFC835FCCFC5A" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1924" box="[1130,1452,889,912]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Rhacophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="prominanus">
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<emphasis id="B955EABCEC46FFE7FBBAFC835FCCFC5A" box="[1130,1452,889,912]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">Rhacophorus prominanus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(ZRC.1.9316-9318). The calls of
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<taxonomicName id="4C214D2DEC46FFE7FB4BFC635FCBFC7A" box="[1179,1451,921,944]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Polypedates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucomystax">
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<emphasis id="B955EABCEC46FFE7FB4BFC635FCBFC7A" box="[1179,1451,921,944]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">Polypedates leucomystax</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and a
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<taxonomicName id="4C214D2DEC46FFE7FCBBFC4359BBFC1A" authorityName="Tschudi" authorityYear="1838" box="[875,987,953,976]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Microhyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B955EABCEC46FFE7FCBBFC4359BBFC1A" box="[875,987,953,976]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">Microhyla</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(possibly
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<taxonomicName id="4C214D2DEC46FFE7FB9BFC435EBAFC1A" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1900" box="[1099,1242,953,976]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Microhyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="annectens">
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<emphasis id="B955EABCEC46FFE7FB9BFC435EBAFC1A" box="[1099,1242,953,976]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">M. annectens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) were also heard in the area.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33B6525EC46FFE0FCFDFBE35FEFFD92" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="127" pageId="3" pageNumber="126" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8B9E36AEEC46FFE7FCFDFBE35FC1FA9A" blockId="3.[813,1452,1049,1360]" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">
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<emphasis id="B955EABCEC46FFE7FCFDFBE359A0FBFB" bold="true" box="[813,960,1049,1073]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">Diagnosis. –</emphasis>
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A benthic larva which inhabits the lentic microhabitat of clear, shallow forest pools or puddles. A dorso-lateral pair of symmetrical, black patches at the anterior-most portion of tail muscle (body-tail junction) clearly visible from dorsal perspective. Body lightly speckled with fine pigments, whereas tail randomly interspersed with light dustings and concentrated patches. LTRF 2(2)/3(1); P- 1 divided, each half with lateral extremities arched on both ends, P-2 undivided but arranged in a symmetrical sinusoidal curve, P-3 shortest and assuming a crescent-shaped arch.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E36AEEC46FFE7FCFDFA835E1AF81A" blockId="3.[813,1452,1401,2000]" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">
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<emphasis id="B955EABCEC46FFE7FCFDFA8359AFFA5B" bold="true" box="[813,975,1401,1425]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">Morphology. –</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="131A2A2BEC46FFE7FC0EFA835E7EFA5A" box="[990,1054,1401,1424]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[836,873,1450,1471]" captionTargetBox="[835,1474,675,1433]" captionTargetId="figure-8@4.[835,1474,675,1055]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 2. Lateral (a) and dorsal (b) aspects of Stage 40 larval Limnonectes nitidus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13229013" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13229013/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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) Body ovoid, snout tip rounded, BW 0.49-0.61 of BL; slightly depressed, BH 0.62-0.74 of BW; maximum width around mid-body; eyes dorsal, directed laterally, not visible from below, IOD 0.40-0.49 of BW, 1.53- 1.93 of oral disc width; nostrils dorsal, open, midway between eye and snout tip; IND 0.35-0.52 of IOD; spiracle sinistral, located on lateral surface, continuous with body wall, spiracular opening directed posterio-dorsally, snout-spiracle 0.40-0.45 of BL; anal tube dextral, continuous with ventral fin. Tail lanceolate; dorsal margin slightly convex, gradually tapering towards a narrow, rounded tip; ventral fin with straight margin, curving only at posterior _ of tail towards tail tip. TAL 1.50-1.99 of BL, MTH 0.21-0.22 of TAL; caudal muscle deeper than both fins for proximal 2/ 3 of tail. Dorsal fin originating a little after body-tail junction, forming a gentle gradient towards mid-tail convex, dorsal fin deeper than ventral at mid-tail only. Lateral line pores observable only in the earlier (Stages 25-27) larvae. No observable sub-dermal glands.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E36AEEC46FFE7FCFDF8035FCDF7FA" blockId="3.[813,1453,2041,2096]" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">
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<emphasis id="B955EABCEC46FFE7FCFDF8035E5FF7DB" bold="true" box="[813,1087,2041,2065]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">Colour and markings. –</emphasis>
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(In life) Dorsum and sides light olive, rather translucent. Tail muscle olive, fins translucent.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E36AEEC41FFE0FF58FF3B5968FE52" blockId="4.[136,776,193,408]" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">Body lightly speckled with melanophores, without concentrated blotches. Tail with heterogeneous arrangement of fine specklings and larger blotches. Venters, including anal tube and ventral margin of tail, unpigmented. Ventral fin without pigment for proximal 2/3 to 3/4 of tail length. Two dark patches located dorsally at body-tail junction. Pigmentation on snout tip extending onto anterior labium.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E36AEEC41FFE0FF58FE3B5BA6FC72" blockId="4.[136,775,449,952]" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">
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<emphasis id="B955EABCEC41FFE0FF58FE3B5BCDFE13" bold="true" box="[136,429,449,473]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">Oral disc morphology. –</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="131A2A2BEC41FFE0FE12FE3B5869FE12" box="[450,521,449,472]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[838,874,2092,2113]" captionText="Fig. 3. Oral disc of larval Limnonectes nitidus (Stage 27)." pageId="4" pageNumber="127">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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) Mouth ventral, subterminal, width 0.25-0.31 of BW, single row of marginal papillae on anterior labium confined to lateral portions only; lower labium with continuous row of short, conical papillae along margin, with an extra infra-marginal row towards the centre. Jaw sheaths finely serrated, upper jaw sheath with gentle median convexity, both upper and lower jaw sheaths heavily pigmented black. LTRF: 2(2)/3(1); A-1 continuous, A-2 broadly divided by upper jaw sheath, each half confined to lateral portions, 1/5th width of first row. P-1 narrowly divided, with the lateral extremities arched upwards; P-2 undivided, but arranged in the form of a symmetrical, sinusoidal curve; P-3 undivided as well, shortest (less than 1/2 width of second row), and arched to resemble a partial crescent. Individual labial teeth of anterior and posterior labia uniform in shape and length.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E36AEEC41FFE0FF58FC1B5856FB12" blockId="4.[136,775,993,1240]" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EABCEC41FFE0FF58FC1B5BD6FC33" bold="true" box="[136,438,993,1017]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">Developmental changes. –</emphasis>
|
||
Although recent metamorphs were not encountered at the microhabitat site, the most advanced larva (Stage 40) already developed well formed hind limbs, which demonstrated diagnostic characters of adult
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C214D2DEC41FFE0FF17FB9B5B4FFBB2" baseAuthorityName="Smedley" baseAuthorityYear="1932" box="[199,303,1121,1144]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Limnonectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="127" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nitidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EABCEC41FFE0FF17FB9B5B4FFBB2" box="[199,303,1121,1144]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">L. nitidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. These include slightly expanded, bulbous toe tips and incompletely webbed hind feet (fourth toe with two phalanges free of webbing). The developmental series was measured and reported in Table 1.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E36AEEC41FFE0FF58FAFB5FEFFD92" blockId="4.[136,775,1281,1528]" lastBlockId="4.[835,1475,193,600]" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EABCEC41FFE0FF58FAFB5BA2FAD3" bold="true" box="[136,450,1281,1305]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">Interspecific comparisons. –</emphasis>
|
||
In Peninsular
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F336763EEC41FFE0FDB0FAFB58A6FAD2" box="[608,710,1281,1304]" name="Malaysia" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, there is one species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C214D2DEC41FFE0FE96FADB5BAEFAF2" authorityName="Fitzinger" authorityYear="1843" box="[326,462,1313,1336]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Limnonectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="127" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EABCEC41FFE0FE96FADB5BAEFAF2" box="[326,462,1313,1336]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">Limnonectes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C214D2DEC41FFE0FE30FADB589BFAF2" authority="(Smith, 1935)" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1935" box="[480,763,1313,1336]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Limnonectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="127" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tweediei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EABCEC41FFE0FE30FADB5838FAF2" box="[480,600,1313,1336]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">L. tweediei</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B5FEC41FFE0FDB7FADB5893FAF2" author="Smith, M" box="[615,755,1313,1336]" pageId="4" pageNumber="127" pagination="61 - 63" refId="ref10804" refString="Smith, M. A., 1935. On a collection of reptiles and amphibians from Perak, Malay Peninsula. Bulletin of the Raffles Museum, Singapore, 10: 61 - 63." type="journal article" year="1935">Smith, 1935</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
], which had been previously considered a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C214D2DEC41FFE0FF58FA9B5A93FAB2" baseAuthorityName="Smedley" baseAuthorityYear="1932" box="[136,243,1377,1400]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Limnonectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="127" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nitidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EABCEC41FFE0FF58FA9B5A93FAB2" box="[136,243,1377,1400]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">L. nitidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, according to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B5FEC41FFE0FE4BFA9B584CFAB2" author="Kiew, B" box="[411,556,1377,1400]" pageId="4" pageNumber="127" pagination="107 - 109" refId="ref10021" refString="Kiew, B. H., 1974. A note on the genus Rana: Rana tweediei Smith is synonymous with Rana nitida Smedley. Malayan Nature Journal, 28 (2): 107 - 109." type="journal article" year="1974">Kiew (1974)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Both species have subsequently been regarded as valid names each, with the diagnostic larval form of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C214D2DEC41FFE0FE72FA5B587AFA72" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1935" box="[418,538,1441,1464]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Limnonectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="127" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tweediei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EABCEC41FFE0FE72FA5B587AFA72" box="[418,538,1441,1464]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">L. tweediei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
having been recently described (Leong & Yaakob, 2002). The finding of larval
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C214D2DEC41FFE0FD21FA3B5AB0FA32" baseAuthorityName="Smedley" baseAuthorityYear="1932" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Limnonectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="127" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nitidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EABCEC41FFE0FD21FA3B5AB0FA32" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">L. nitidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, along with determination of its diagnostic characters, reinforces the fact that both are indeed distinct species. The larvae of both species, while sharing basic characters, may be distinguished from each other by consistent differences in their (a) pigmentation patterns, and (b) LTRF. In larval
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C214D2DEC41FFE0FC93FEBB59D7FE92" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1935" box="[835,951,321,344]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Limnonectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="127" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tweediei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EABCEC41FFE0FC93FEBB59D7FE92" box="[835,951,321,344]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">L. tweediei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a distinct single dark patch is present at the body tail junction, whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C214D2DEC41FFE0FB9BFE9B5ED0FEB2" baseAuthorityName="Smedley" baseAuthorityYear="1932" box="[1099,1200,353,376]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Limnonectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="127" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nitidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EABCEC41FFE0FB9BFE9B5ED0FEB2" box="[1099,1200,353,376]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">L. nitidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, this marking at the same region consists of two separate patches not meeting in the middle. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C214D2DEC41FFE0FC6BFE5B5E52FE72" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1935" box="[955,1074,417,440]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Limnonectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="127" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tweediei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EABCEC41FFE0FC6BFE5B5E52FE72" box="[955,1074,417,440]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">L. tweediei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, there is a uniform pattern of evenly distributed dark patches along the dorsal margin of its tail muscle, whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C214D2DEC41FFE0FBDEFE1B5E0FFE32" baseAuthorityName="Smedley" baseAuthorityYear="1932" box="[1038,1135,481,504]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Limnonectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="127" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nitidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EABCEC41FFE0FBDEFE1B5E0FFE32" box="[1038,1135,481,504]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">L. nitidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, such dark patches are randomly arranged throughout the tail. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C214D2DEC41FFE0FB5DFDFB5F60FDD2" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1935" box="[1165,1280,513,536]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Limnonectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="127" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tweediei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EABCEC41FFE0FB5DFDFB5F60FDD2" box="[1165,1280,513,536]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">L. tweediei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the LTRF is 2(2)/ 2(1); whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C214D2DEC41FFE0FBD7FDDB5E13FDF2" baseAuthorityName="Smedley" baseAuthorityYear="1932" box="[1031,1139,545,568]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Limnonectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="127" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nitidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EABCEC41FFE0FBD7FDDB5E13FDF2" box="[1031,1139,545,568]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">L. nitidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, it is 2(2)/3(1), exhibiting an additional row of labial teeth in the posterior labium.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |