277 lines
36 KiB
XML
277 lines
36 KiB
XML
<document id="AC8CA463235FACEC1BBB7C05BFC2A270" ID-CLB-Dataset="33463" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.639.10893" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9884f9b2-091d-4f9a-9284-b2e78a5e6c30" ID-PMC="PMC5240373" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-639-1" ID-PubMed="28138281" ID-ZooBank="BB23AA3FDD9E42CE92F737E047AE80C7" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1313-2970-639-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 639" ModsDocTitle="Revision of the western Palaearctic species of Aleiodes Wesmael (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Rogadinae). Part 1: Introduction, key to species groups, outlying distinctive species, and revisionary notes on some further species" checkinTime="1481618735599" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="van Achterberg, Cornelis & Shaw, Mark R." docDate="2016" docId="0AC8DC26E0FF81E2D84491C2BEE814D3" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 639: 1-164" docOrigin="ZooKeys 639" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.639.10893" docTitle="Aleiodes nigriceps Wesmael 1838" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="90" masterDocId="1A60FFDC4008240EFF9E5829510DDB79" masterDocTitle="Revision of the western Palaearctic species of Aleiodes Wesmael (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Rogadinae). Part 1: Introduction, key to species groups, outlying distinctive species, and revisionary notes on some further species" masterLastPageNumber="164" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="85" updateTime="1701380682329" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="2BA8D8C686E47F928580BF09217D7CBE">Revision of the western Palaearctic species of Aleiodes Wesmael (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Rogadinae). Part 1: Introduction, key to species groups, outlying distinctive species, and revisionary notes on some further species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="457520C5014227D8A294397F47605D0B">van Achterberg, Cornelis</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="121A5571B23B95932F26910F06FD5785">Shaw, Mark R.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="0AC8DC26E0FF81E2D84491C2BEE814D3" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127902478" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0AC8DC26E0FF81E2D84491C2BEE814D3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0AC8DC26E0FF81E2D84491C2BEE814D3" lastPageId="89" lastPageNumber="90" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
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<subSubSection id="7F1E9397ED9FD1D89D6E21C5276D0E66" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="2A9FBCA71B53523478B660E0E9B6D68E" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
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<taxonomicName id="F46F4B24DBBD4DDA7EAE433E744FA693" ID-CoL="BMGQ" authority="Wesmael, 1838" authorityName="Wesmael" authorityYear="1838" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes nigriceps" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigriceps">Aleiodes nigriceps Wesmael, 1838</taxonomicName>
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Figs 230-231, 232-242
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="AEF2D05776D616A85CB48E475441E68C" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="5DD7198CCF67169B6ECD928F23CB96E7" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
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<taxonomicName id="76DA22A11B7970F20CCC21F7F2A61235" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes nigriceps" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigriceps">
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<pageBreakToken id="73EF7CB05649F7E38FE24CD0C4F69F0A" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" start="start">Aleiodes</pageBreakToken>
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nigriceps
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</taxonomicName>
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Wesmael, 1838: 109;
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<bibRefCitation id="1EDC502573ABEF6EADC3BA5D3DB2F1A9" author="Papp, J" journalOrPublisher="Folia Entomologica Hungarica" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" pagination="143 - 164" title="Contributions to the braconid fauna of Hungary, VII. Rogadinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)." volume="46" year="1985 a">Papp 1985a</bibRefCitation>
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: 156 (lectotype designation).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0A19CBE166E8A34A77792394603EAB1B" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
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<taxonomicName id="CD194D20C2254A697271A9DDFAA8BDDA" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="var." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes circumscriptus var. nigriceps" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="circumscriptus" variety="nigriceps">Aleiodes circumscriptus var. nigriceps</taxonomicName>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="57E344B4C3D40A4D9F30C87B57D72730" author="Shenefelt, RD" journalOrPublisher="Hymenopterorum Catalogus (nova editio)" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" pagination="1115 - 1262" title="Braconidae 8. Exothecinae, Rogadinae." volume="12" year="1975">Shenefelt 1975</bibRefCitation>
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: 1171.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C699F033BCBF710395A0AFD4EB428139" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="type material">
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<paragraph id="B2422C23D5EE0F62E62254657CD87986" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="EE50984F5BDD1CA4E3A2E68CEE7EEBB5" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Lectotype, ♀ (KBIN) from Belgium examined.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="55D4A64294BD5DC987D76C677C767E35" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="D813C3E85318A3DF437A7DDB6BC4171E" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Additional material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1EA8A54AB631B7B99487604A5AD686FD" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">*Austria, Belgium, British Isles (*England: V.C.s 3, 8, 12, 19, 20, 22, 23, 24, 25, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 33, 40, 58, 62, 65; *Wales: V.C.s 41, 45, 52; *Isle of Man: V.C. 71; *Scotland: V.C.s 75, 77, 83, 84, 89, 97, 99, 101, 105; *Ireland: V.C. H5), *Jersey, *Bulgaria, *Czech Republic, *Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, *Italy, *Lithuania, *Netherlands (FR: Terschelling (Formerum), GE: Putten, NB: Geertruidenberg; Oploo; Udenhout (de Brand), NH: Overveen; Muiderberg, LI: Tegelen; St. Pietersberg; Venlo; Maastricht, UT: Harmelen, ZE: Cadzand; Oostkapelle; ZH: Delft; Den Haag; Wassenaar; Leidschendam), *Norway, *Poland, *Portugal, Russia, *Slovakia, Spain, *Sweden and Switzerland. Specimens in NMS, BMNH, RMNH, BZL, SDEI, ZSSM, FMNH, MTMA, CNC, P.-N. Libert collection, JLC, WAE, H. Haraldseide collection, and MSC.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="361FBE741138D400EB85B2EA4D70AA73" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="molecular data">
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<paragraph id="E2233E7F32300EADA8C51CBBCCDF83C5" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Molecular data.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="861F1CB881A652E83AB7AD27B56B0D49" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">MRS075 (England KU682221, CO1), MRS144 (Scotland KU682228, CO1), MRS613 (Wales KU682243, CO1), MRS783 (Austria KU682250, CO1).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CB7308F3B427CC47A631E0478A10C5B8" lastPageId="87" lastPageNumber="88" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="6E1F5000067AE47101C877C4677B376A" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Biology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D8FF05433D9F342EAD279965EF4CFB6B" lastPageId="87" lastPageNumber="88" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
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At least partly a plurivoltine parasitoid of larvae of low-feeding noctuine
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<taxonomicName id="7A7F026CE39208CD4D68E43BC497F97E" family="Noctuidae" lsidName="" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" rank="family">Noctuidae</taxonomicName>
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inhabiting grassy sites; most frequent in humid situations. Mummy (Fig. 231) dark brown or brown and slender, only slightly or not swollen, forming low down in concealment. Specimens (in NMS unless stated otherwise) reared from wild-collected
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<taxonomicName id="BCE3BC2A9AA073E93172D5D0D7363EA5" family="Noctuidae" lsidName="" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" rank="family">Noctuidae</taxonomicName>
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identified as
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<taxonomicName id="CC2851BBB83DDDCF151B7610F0A7C71F" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Diarsia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diarsia rubi" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubi">Diarsia rubi</taxonomicName>
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(Vieweg) (10 [2 are ZSSM]; G.M. Haggett, M.R. Shaw),
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<taxonomicName id="7F8D0A4E36D030A436CEC7BA25859C12" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lycophotia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lycophotia porphyyrea" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="porphyyrea">Lycophotia porphyyrea</taxonomicName>
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(Dennis and
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<normalizedToken id="18273ED2CB43A7EE5A82BCAA2FE3030E" originalValue="Schiffermüller">Schiffermueller</normalizedToken>
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) (1 [ZSSM/
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<pageBreakToken id="14EB06B9C87D56670464F7827CFE7EF7" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" start="start">Netherlands</pageBreakToken>
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]),
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<taxonomicName id="CAD17D9B40C1318EAF085A4146F675D8" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Noctua" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Noctua fimbriata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fimbriata">Noctua fimbriata</taxonomicName>
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(Schreber) (1; J. Connell/Austria),
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<taxonomicName id="B1FC31D623E7B8C9BBC7B483B1DB0FC7" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Xestia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xestia c-nigrum" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="c-nigrum">Xestia c-nigrum</taxonomicName>
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(Linnaeus) (1; J. Connell/Austria),
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<taxonomicName id="5B29DA647607D72611A5A5B3F2658C83" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Xestia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xestia sexstrigata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sexstrigata">Xestia sexstrigata</taxonomicName>
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(Haworth) (3; G.M. Haggett), and indet. green noctuid (1). A further specimen was reared from a noctuid
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<pageBreakToken id="8F0557D3EB89D71668EE6686C456D16F" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" start="start">mummy</pageBreakToken>
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collected in a
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<taxonomicName id="BC8D4CB4484BF26843AB5A75DFEB14A4" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Carex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Carex" order="Poales" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Carex</taxonomicName>
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tussock (D.G. Notton). Specimens in NMS reared in culture experiments as follows:
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<taxonomicName id="483A32B2F5AE712F432B2A9CDB69AAB3" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Xestia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xestia sexstrigata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sexstrigata">Xestia sexstrigata</taxonomicName>
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6:20\20\\15+2,
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<taxonomicName id="58D62CAC803442061AC52456C99E6934" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Xestia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xestia xanthographa" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xanthographa">Xestia xanthographa</taxonomicName>
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(Denis &
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<normalizedToken id="8BE32181505F736E072F48C8B7972D4B" originalValue="Schiffermüller">Schiffermueller</normalizedToken>
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) 4:47\47\\3+30 [several others were retarded but died],
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<taxonomicName id="968A0D31402C2FDB921130AFF73024CF" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Noctua" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Noctua fimbriata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fimbriata">Noctua fimbriata</taxonomicName>
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6:45\40\\24+0 [several others were retarded but died],
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<taxonomicName id="D0D6249806E9EB0144BE06187F2F2DDF" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Diarsia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diarsia rubi" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubi">Diarsia rubi</taxonomicName>
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6:89\83\\74+9,
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<taxonomicName id="140F40CFCC17F40C1EA6015E03BB78F7" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Phlogophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phlogophora meticulosa" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meticulosa">Phlogophora meticulosa</taxonomicName>
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(Linnaeus) 7:43\19\\0+12 [several others were retarded but died]. No ovipositions resulted from the following culture experiments:
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<taxonomicName id="FC540E8661F5D2C45B02EB87CCE40FF5" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Diarsia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diarsia mendica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mendica">Diarsia mendica</taxonomicName>
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(Fabricius) 1:5\0\\-,
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<taxonomicName id="1B5D21E306B868D98F0653C3C533D347" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Xanthorhoe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xanthorhoe fluctuata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fluctuata">Xanthorhoe fluctuata</taxonomicName>
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(Linnaeus) 3:19\0\\-,
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<taxonomicName id="B43921BC46088B6262DF585526CE167D" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Xanthorhoe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xanthorhoe montanata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montanata">Xanthorhoe montanata</taxonomicName>
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(Denis &
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<normalizedToken id="31ED88BB0EC524D0CA927677404F6070" originalValue="Schiffermüller">Schiffermueller</normalizedToken>
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) 3:15\0\\-,
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<taxonomicName id="4FE2D04EDDA94E16DC11F987EC45E31F" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Camptogramma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Camptogramma bilineata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bilineata">Camptogramma bilineata</taxonomicName>
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(Linnaeus) 6:13\0\\-. While many of its hosts are univoltine with overwintering larvae, in which the parasitoid overwinters as an early instar larva,
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<taxonomicName id="EDC2EC819845AB4F5C43519A5807ECC3" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes nigriceps" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigriceps">Aleiodes nigriceps</taxonomicName>
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has the capacity to be plurivoltine (e.g. in
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<taxonomicName id="D31626A6515F73D5B7634CC52572816A" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Diarsia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diarsia rubi" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubi">Diarsia rubi</taxonomicName>
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), and its long summer flight period, including abundant males in late summer, indicates that it regularly is so. Experimental rearings suggest that even within the genera it uses as hosts it specialises narrowly, and these experiments also clearly distinguish between it and both
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<taxonomicName id="3C35A3C3955FB1620434BC30368E0120" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes pictus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pictus">Aleiodes pictus</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="72B9CA5A90CDE6F30A45DEF4D168A7E2" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes leptofemur" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leptofemur">Aleiodes leptofemur</taxonomicName>
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. The mummy forms low down, more or less in concealment, and is very seldom collected (unlike that of
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<taxonomicName id="0B9453BC41AAD9DB703FBC21C015B4C2" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes leptofemur" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leptofemur">Aleiodes leptofemur</taxonomicName>
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). The adult emerges soon after. In captivity adult females of this species are long-lived, but have always died off during the winter, and the flight period is ca
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<normalizedToken id="A9B6DBD019F80171C51F3441FA782A00" originalValue="May–September">May-September</normalizedToken>
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. Males are sluggish in their courtship, even towards conspecific females which, however, typically offer themselves for mating immediately.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="5001DCD81DF0CE980DA7E8C8E6563957" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
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<paragraph id="E698398EE835F690D8F729AE572D34D0" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
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Figures 230-231.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F57942A454806C9C143012882282217" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes nigriceps" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigriceps">Aleiodes nigriceps</taxonomicName>
|
||
Wesmael, ♀, Wales, Anglesey. 230 habitus lateral 231 mummy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0289322F3A1E58C949EAC648674CEE31" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Xestia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xestia sexstrigata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sexstrigata">Xestia sexstrigata</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Haworth).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="270CA60CF097AABCD65559FEC6B92BE6" lastPageId="88" lastPageNumber="89" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="88274E173ED7CB3F395C8B761D8FD245" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DB3BFCA2CB02F9E76AF15D0496F6A0B8" lastPageId="88" lastPageNumber="89" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
|
||
Antennal segments of female (38
|
||
<normalizedToken id="F5DCB776F1BAB5AC03E7FFBBEB5B70BE" originalValue="–)39–">-)39-</normalizedToken>
|
||
43, of male (38
|
||
<normalizedToken id="25132721647D7E6E203ACB935E836512" originalValue="–)39–">-)39-</normalizedToken>
|
||
44; pale area of facial (= inner) orbita of female usually narrow or absent (Fig. 239); OOL 1.6
|
||
<normalizedToken id="368EA710D515E6141D7AC06D279FB81B" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
diameter of posterior ocellus; face usually wholly black or dark brown, rarely wholly yellow brown; mesopleuron without distinct rugulae; mesosternum yellowish or reddish, if darkened then dark area usually not sharply defined; width of hypoclypeal depression 0.4-0.5
|
||
<normalizedToken id="582A0D8A51E81655D34EBB1780428EA9" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
minimum width of face (Fig. 239); mesoscutum antero-laterally and pronotum medio-anteriorly often black or dark brown; face without distinct rugae or only a few rugae medio-dorsally; ventrally mesopleuron usually widely orange brown; malar space partly or completely and temple near eye orange brown; length of first tergite of ♀ 1.1-1.2
|
||
<normalizedToken id="0B1EFA5CD1997636F894267DD5338390" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
its apical width; second tergite comparatively wide (Fig. 234); fore and hind femora comparatively slender (Figs 235-236); pterostigma partly darkened anteriorly; mummy slightly or not swollen and dark brown or brown; middle third of hind femur partly or entirely dark brown. Very similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="86C1E985642DEBA3D9D7C18870EB326D" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes pictus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pictus">Aleiodes pictus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<normalizedToken id="42DFAED1D52238F61D6556EE01A14835" originalValue="Herrich-Schäffer">Herrich-Schaeffer</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 1838), but
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AA0B89ADC2291D212DF1B64F7ABCA136" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes pictus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pictus">Aleiodes pictus</taxonomicName>
|
||
has the antennal segments of ♀ (35
|
||
<normalizedToken id="4D030542F60D0B2751BDDEEBFC29247E" originalValue="–)36–">-)36-</normalizedToken>
|
||
40, of ♂ (36
|
||
<normalizedToken id="15D8EC46A22245B4BAF7D2C459514ADB" originalValue="–)37–">-)37-</normalizedToken>
|
||
41, the mesopleuron with some rugulae (at most very weakly evident in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11CE1D9F95EF6901FA94A353C653F180" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes nigriceps" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigriceps">Aleiodes nigriceps</taxonomicName>
|
||
), the mesosternum almost always strongly darkened or black and dark area usually sharply defined, malar space somewhat longer than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6052F0C43E679E7AD5CD42AF55BA2438" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes nigriceps" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigriceps">Aleiodes nigriceps</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the mesoscutum antero-laterally and pronotum medio-anteriorly more often yellowish (but variable in both species). The yellowish colouration is frequently more brownish in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="840A5B9A1F964238BDD0B60E3A171717" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes pictus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pictus">Aleiodes pictus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(tending to orange in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="674285FF434F9C2ED06E352E32874C0A" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes nigriceps" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigriceps">Aleiodes nigriceps</taxonomicName>
|
||
), the legs are on the whole less slender, and the paler area at the extreme apex of the hind femur tends to be more extensive. In practice, the majority of specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7AB8E005C146E25E2E5AD694DA22DD5" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes nigriceps" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigriceps">Aleiodes nigriceps</taxonomicName>
|
||
have both the mesosternum and third tergite completely yellowish orange, and such specimens are easy to recognise as this combination is rarely approached in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="18D34E2E5D0E3E145D20ED39209A1D02" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes pictus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pictus">Aleiodes pictus</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In extreme examples of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="147B3E701A355F38FB4D36C8670CD012" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes nigriceps" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigriceps">
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="4A88F21BF1D430096D84B317DCFD861C" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" start="start">Aleiodes</pageBreakToken>
|
||
nigriceps
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the mesoscutum and (less often) even the scutellum may be wholly black, and when the tergites and scape are also predominantly dark they may resemble
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BF1BDE6914022BF6574A7D121088B08D" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes nigricornis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigricornis">Aleiodes nigricornis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but in that species the hind femur is only very rarely extensively darkened, and the number of antennal segments is greater (though with a small overlap).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="FA54FA43C513F399F2839E5505DB51DB" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<paragraph id="71A0D82F64716CFD7EF1F48126F9DBB7" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
|
||
Figures 232-242.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6D08FB20A12DDA11388300ECFC9E7667" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes nigriceps" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigriceps">Aleiodes nigriceps</taxonomicName>
|
||
Wesmael, ♀, Wales, Anglesey. 232 wings 233 mesosoma lateral 234 propodeum and metasoma dorsal 235 hind leg lateral 236 fore femur lateral 237 apical segments of antenna 238 antenna 239 head anterior 240 head lateral 241 head dorsal 242 basal segments of antenna.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="92008C178F529F7CB06A7F075D440AB6" lastPageId="89" lastPageNumber="90" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="751FC917F76A7C390CAE1B1A673B2501" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A224563EE7F049F0065C090E71590E05" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
|
||
Redescribed ♀ (NMS), "Culture: [Wales], Anglesey, Llangristiolus, from ♀ 3:2 [ex]
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2186E472C2116FAC1B4F9764EAACD202" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Diarsia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diarsia rubi" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubi">Diarsia rubi</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7599F4BAD6E81192B0DF9AC0202C0B63" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Xestia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xestia sexstrigata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sexstrigata">Xestia sexstrigata</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ovip. 28.v.[20]08, mum. 4.iv.[20]09, em. 22.v.2009, died viii.2009, ♀ 2/09, M.R. Shaw". Length of fore wing 4.4 mm, of body 5.5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A1C43322CD02D28C774DEFD42BEB24A9" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
|
||
Head. Antennal segments 43, length of antenna 1.3
|
||
<normalizedToken id="7CA1DC8FABC3EE3E62E79A4E1B556253" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
fore wing, its subapical segments about 1.6
|
||
<normalizedToken id="1B5FF1802875DA58B053D7DA3A4B827F" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as wide; frons granulate-coriaceous, with satin sheen; OOL 1.6
|
||
<normalizedToken id="199F50CE8E8EED0A88FD6381DDF711B0" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
diameter of posterior ocellus (POL 1.4 times); vertex granulate-coriaceous, with satin sheen; clypeus distinctly convex and largely smooth; ventral margin of clypeus thick and depressed (Fig. 239); width of hypoclypeal depression 0.4
|
||
<normalizedToken id="04E7141CEA89E1666A79DB38E5239390" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
minimum width of face (Fig. 239) and face mainly coriaceous with some rugulae medio-dorsally; length of eye 2.3
|
||
<normalizedToken id="CB14EC65F84ACB973EA7FB1C6E1BB867" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
temple in dorsal view and temple roundly narrowed behind eye (Fig. 241); occiput behind stemmaticum coriaceous and occipital carina absent medio-dorsally, its interruption slightly less than width of stemmaticum (Fig. 241); clypeus partly above lower level of eyes (Fig. 239); length of malar space 0.4
|
||
<normalizedToken id="AFCD1385D7DD5963DB498AF255A326B1" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
height of eye in lateral view; eyes moderately protruding (Figs 239-241).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0FE8D4F1AD5948EAE322D39626C79D61" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Mesosoma. Mesoscutal lobes finely coriaceous, with satin sheen, but medio-posteriorly longitudinally rugose; notauli narrow, moderately impressed and finely crenulate, but posteriorly lost in rugose area; prepectal carina narrow lamelliform and reaching anterior border; precoxal area of mesopleuron coriaceous and without rugae medially; mesopleuron above precoxal area (except small smooth and shiny speculum) coriaceous, but antero-dorsally rugose; medially metapleuron coriaceous, matt; mesosternal sulcus narrow and moderately deep, but posteriorly shallow and with a carina; mesosternum rather angulate posteriorly; scutellum nearly flat, coriaceous and largely non-carinate laterally; propodeum rather flat and coriaceous but posteriorly with some rugae, median carina complete, without tubercles.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1C39CB7FC3EEA83B753A359CE2F4E46F" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
|
||
Wings. Fore wing: r 0.2
|
||
<normalizedToken id="3785398BF1FDABB4FBBFD66449860F28" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
3-SR (Fig. 232); 1-CU1 horizontal, 0.5
|
||
<normalizedToken id="60C0B6A7487AF7D2E2B39C65AA3F19E5" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as 2-CU1; r-m 0.7
|
||
<normalizedToken id="0E7AD81F4E73D17A7D977BA3FC127794" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
2-SR, and 0.4
|
||
<normalizedToken id="21AECFA2A326A4B89B7C963E65FE0D72" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
3-SR; second submarginal cell medium-sized (Fig. 232); cu-a oblique, but not parallel with CU1b, straight; 1-M nearly straight posteriorly. Hind wing: apical half of marginal cell somewhat widened apically (Fig. 232); 2-SC+R short and longitudinal; short stub of m-cu present, pigmented.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1E929C84128091A32413AA007FCF40AA" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
|
||
Legs. Tarsal claws setose; hind coxa superficially coriaceous, with satin sheen; hind trochantellus 2.3
|
||
<normalizedToken id="2589EB1403550F70AF025F7F52E67812" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
longer than wide; length of fore and hind femora 6.3 and 5.6
|
||
<normalizedToken id="1F67481E6652879560060ED8885FB62F" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
their width, respectively (Figs 235-236); inner apex of hind tibia without comb; length of inner hind spur 0.3
|
||
<normalizedToken id="0D9230BD82AFB886454C96CD9EC4D1A3" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
hind basitarsus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2C8877481313E03D25603B9130B11FD5" lastPageId="89" lastPageNumber="90" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
|
||
Metasoma. First tergite 1.2
|
||
<normalizedToken id="2337385EB3F1773884B3E6FA1B9858F2" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as wide posteriorly, convex, but posteriorly flattened; first and second tergites and base of third tergite densely longitudinally rugose; second tergite robust (Fig. 234), with distinct median carina, matt; medio-basal area of second tergite obsolescent; second suture shallow and crenulate; third tergite (except basally) largely coriaceous, remainder of metasoma largely smooth and rather
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="68196B16962F18BF2B58D6B811EA4FD8" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" start="start">shiny</pageBreakToken>
|
||
; fourth and apical third of third tergite without sharp lateral crease; ovipositor sheath largely densely setose.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9DE862D4E4DA4C85DE107A01760533D8" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Colour. Black or brownish black; antenna brown, but scapus and pedicellus dorsally and laterally and apical third of antenna dark brown; palpi and tegulae pale yellowish (Fig. 230); outer orbita posteriorly and dorsally brownish yellow (Figs 240-241) and remainder of head black; mesopleuron (except dorsally), mesosternum and metapleuron medially orange brown; hind femur (except basally) dark brown (Fig. 235); scutellum, first tergite medio-apically, second and third tergites, part of fourth tergite and remainder of legs brownish yellow; veins (except dark brown veins 1-SR, 1-M, r and CU1) brown; pterostigma yellowish, but anteriorly and posteriorly darkened (Fig. 232); wing membrane subhyaline.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1BEF76BF9F6210FA99D4DD4F444DB63A" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
|
||
Variation. Length of fore wing 4.3-4.4 mm; antennal segments of ♀ 38(1), 39(9), 40(44), 41(44), 42(27), 43(13), 44(2), 45(1); of ♂ 37(1), 38(4), 39(31), 40(82), 41(113), 42(33), 43(12), 44(7), 45(3); vein r of fore wing 0.2-0.5
|
||
<normalizedToken id="91F7FF71EC5BFBACF2AF412BB5E55074" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
vein 3-SR; length of first tergite of ♀ 1.1-1.2
|
||
<normalizedToken id="56A9FC8D8824BDC2CB135044205D464F" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
its apical width; pterostigma medially yellow or dark brown; medio-posteriorly mesoscutum black or brownish yellow; second and third tergites yellowish, infuscate or dark brown laterally, mesosternum orange brown or infuscate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E9C0654A11DA6C6FBB8980A54191F882" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" type="notes">
|
||
<paragraph id="CB484426F76DD94A041053A25C34021B" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Notes.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B712BA64E568C0A3DBAD669C547CEF05" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
|
||
The two sexes have about the same number of antennal segments. The lectotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A91254C7D70C0D427E74565A5A2A5F62" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes nigriceps" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigriceps">Aleiodes nigriceps</taxonomicName>
|
||
has the antenna mutilated; according to the original description it had 40 or 41 segments.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="39F65BCCDDA3B55890DE1130A5BB681B" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes nigriceps" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigriceps">Aleiodes nigriceps</taxonomicName>
|
||
is often considered to be a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AAF14090D02FE41B348BB7F9BB9E9E34" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes circumscriptus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="circumscriptus">Aleiodes circumscriptus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, e.g. Papp (1985) but the selection of a neotype for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6AADB52368013325A08DEE16EDB70E93" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes circumscriptus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="circumscriptus">Aleiodes circumscriptus</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the present work resolves that issue (and the two species differ in, among other things, the number of antennal segments).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |