treatments-xml/data/0A/10/03/0A10034B29440D577DC7FA736FB8FC0E.xml

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<mods:title id="137BB9780A5C05BB09AF42206614E6AB">Diving into the unknown: fourteen new species of haplosclerid sponges (Demospongiae: Haplosclerida) revealed along the Peruvian coast (Southeastern Pacific)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7788B5ABB39DAAA9C5ECFF1A1671562B">Bispo, André</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="980C795F3FE9DCE02CB7B83AF912325D">Museu Nacional, Departamento de Invertebrados, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista, s / n, CEP 20940 - 040, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil &amp; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 4025 - 6839; afelipebispo @ gmail. com</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="565B81DA64CF946C736D4598419335AE">Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Rue Vautier 29, B- 1000, Bruxelles, Belgium &amp; Université Libre de Bruxelles, Laboratoire de Biologie Marine, Avenue F. D. Roosevelt, 50, B- 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium &amp; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 4127 - 9346; philippe. willenz @ naturalsciences. be</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="4B2D57DB9BA93412E4758161D3C4F65D">Hajdu, Eduardo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="AF0ECE85971ED1E1FE5138652378E663">Museu Nacional, Departamento de Invertebrados, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista, s / n, CEP 20940 - 040, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil &amp; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 8760 - 9403; eduardo. hajdu @ gmail. com</mods:affiliation>
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<subSubSection id="CAA3E1D629440D517DC7FA736E98FA59" box="[151,736,1467,1494]" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8206B25D29440D517DC7FA736E98FA59" blockId="27.[151,736,1467,1530]" box="[151,736,1467,1494]" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">
<heading id="D94E053129440D517DC7FA736E98FA59" bold="true" box="[151,736,1467,1494]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="45B9C9DE29440D517DC7FA736E04FA59" ID-CoL="8TZ4H" authority="Bispo &amp; Willenz &amp; Hajdu, 2022" authorityName="Bispo &amp; Willenz &amp; Hajdu" authorityYear="2022" box="[151,636,1467,1494]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="multiosculata" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Halichoclona">
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F29440D517DC7FA736D68FA59" bold="true" box="[151,272,1467,1494]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">Haliclona</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F29440D517C71FA736DBEFA59" bold="true" box="[289,454,1467,1494]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">Halichoclona</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F29440D517C87FA736E04FA59" bold="true" box="[471,636,1467,1494]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">multiosculata</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="ABFED33429440D517FD3FA746E98FA59" box="[643,736,1468,1494]" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<subSubSection id="CAA3E1D629440D517DC7FA286D10FA75" box="[151,360,1504,1530]" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" type="description">
<paragraph id="8206B25D29440D517DC7FA286D10FA75" blockId="27.[151,736,1467,1530]" box="[151,360,1504,1530]" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">
(
<figureCitation id="1A82AED829440D517DCFFA286D78FA75" box="[159,256,1504,1530]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1901,1925]" captionTargetBox="[193,1395,181,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-18@28.[193,1395,181,1877]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 8. Haliclona (Halichoclona) multiosculata sp. nov. (MNRJ 13682, holotype). A–B, holotype alive; C, skeletal architecture in transverse ground section; D, ectosomal skeleton architecture in tangential ground section; E–F, oxeas in SEM. Scale bars: A, 5 cm; B, 1 cm; C, 200 μm; D, 100 μm; E–F, 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5824037" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5824037/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">Figure 8</figureCitation>
, 
<tableCitation id="CF3B87E629440D517C5CFA286D27FA75" box="[268,351,1504,1530]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,239,504,530]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="TABLE 3. Comparative data on external morphology, anatomy, spicule length x width, and known distribution for Chalinula spp., Haliclona spp. Niphates spp. and Pachychalina spp. occurring along the Eastern Pacific and in transitional areas between the Pacific and Atlantic (Beagle Channel and Strait of Magellan). (Ecto. = ectosome; Choano. = choanosome). Sources: Wilson (1904); Thiele (1905); de Laubenfels (1926, 1930, 1932); Dickinson (1945); Sarà (1978); Desqueyroux-Faúndez (1990); Desqueyroux-Faúndez &amp; van Soest (1997); Gómez et al. (2002); Cruz-Barraza &amp; Carballo (2006, 2008); van Soest (2017); Gastaldi et al. (2018); Sim-Smith et al. (2021); present study." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D6C6E2D529570D427DC7FE306B77FDF1" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" tableUuid="D6C6E2D529570D427DC7FE306B77FDF1">Table 3</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8206B25D29440D517DC7F9E0690BF9E9" blockId="27.[151,1437,1576,2035]" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">
<materialsCitation id="32D1B80029440D517DC7F9E0690BF9E9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3427684310" accessionNumber="POR 12080" collectingDate="2009-12-11" collectionCode="MNRJ, MHNG" collectorName="Y. Hooker &amp; M. Hooker&amp; M. Rios &amp; Ph. Willenz" country="Iceland" county="Piura Region" elevation="15" latitude="-5.2025833" location="La Cabrillera" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-81.21108" municipality="Foca" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" specimenCode="MNRJ 13682, RBINS-IG 32241, MHNG 85920" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F29440D517DC7F9E06D73F9CD" bold="true" box="[151,267,1576,1602]" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">
<typeStatus id="5D020CFF29440D517DC7F9E06D7EF9CD" box="[151,262,1576,1602]" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<specimenCode id="D21F1A2629440D517C41F9E16DDFF9CD" box="[273,423,1576,1603]" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">MNRJ 13682</specimenCode>
(Vouchers: 
<specimenCode id="D21F1A2629440D517F7CF9E06E88F9CD" box="[556,752,1576,1602]" collectionCode="RBINS-IG" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">RBINS-IG 32241</specimenCode>
-POR 12080, 
<specimenCode id="D21F1A2629440D517ED9F9E06852F9CC" box="[905,1066,1576,1603]" collectionCode="MHNG" country="Switzerland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2jyg-xmd2" name="Museum d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" type="Museum">MHNG 85920</specimenCode>
)— 
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<location id="8766E48629440D51791FF9E0689EF9CD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0A10034B29440D577DC7FA736FB8FC0E:8766E48629440D51791FF9E0689EF9CD" box="[1103,1254,1576,1603]" country="Iceland" county="Piura Region" latitude="-5.2025833" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-81.21108" municipality="Foca" name="La Cabrillera" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">La Cabrillera</location>
</collectorName>
, 
<collectingCountry id="FAAEF2CD29440D5179A0F9E06960F9CD" box="[1264,1304,1576,1602]" name="Iceland" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">Isla</collectingCountry>
<collectingMunicipality id="6262282729440D51784EF9E1692FF9CC" box="[1310,1367,1577,1603]" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">Foca</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<collectingCounty id="6B67CAD129440D517831F9E06C90F9E9" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">Piura Region</collectingCounty>
(
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, 
<geoCoordinate id="E78DD49A29440D517CE5F9846E09F9E8" box="[437,625,1612,1639]" degrees="81" direction="west" minutes="12" orientation="longitude" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" precision="1" seconds="39.90" value="-81.21108">81°12’39.90” W</geoCoordinate>
), depth 
<quantity id="45411FB829440D517F9AF9846F7DF9E8" box="[714,773,1612,1639]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" unit="m" value="15.0">
<elevation id="0994556E29440D517F9AF9846F7DF9E8" box="[714,773,1612,1639]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" unit="m" value="15.0">15 m</elevation>
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, coll. 
<collectorName id="2F4CD78B29440D517E18F9856FC5F9E9" box="[840,957,1612,1639]" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">Y. Hooker</collectorName>
, M. 
<collectorName id="2F4CD78B29440D517EBEF9846859F9E9" box="[1006,1057,1612,1638]" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">Rios</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="2F4CD78B29440D517916F98468B1F9E9" box="[1094,1225,1612,1638]" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">Ph. Willenz</collectorName>
(
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<collectingDate id="E6436D7529440D517987F984691FF9E9" box="[1239,1383,1612,1638]" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" value="2009-12-11">11/XII/2009</collectingDate>
</date>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CAA3E1D629440D517D97F9B86E2BF95D" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8206B25D29440D517D97F9B86E2BF95D" blockId="27.[151,1437,1576,2035]" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F29440D517D97F9B86D3AF905" bold="true" box="[199,322,1648,1674]" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Only 
<taxonomicName id="45B9C9DE29440D517CDFF9B86D87F905" box="[399,511,1648,1674]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F29440D517CDFF9B86D87F905" box="[399,511,1648,1674]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">Haliclona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the Eastern Pacific with the combination of encrusting habit, with abundant oscula usually aligned in rows on ridges, rough surface, firm consistency and light pink colour alive, isotropic skeleton of oxeas 87–135 µm in length.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CAA3E1D629440D517D97F9146D49F87C" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" type="description">
<paragraph id="8206B25D29440D517D97F9146D2CF8B1" blockId="27.[151,1437,1576,2035]" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F29440D517D97F9146D88F979" bold="true" box="[199,496,1756,1782]" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">
Description (
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).
</emphasis>
Encrusting, up to ca. 
<quantity id="45411FB829440D517FBFF9146F4AF978" box="[751,818,1756,1783]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
thick, covering large areas up to 15 x 
<quantity id="45411FB829440D5179A0F9146943F978" box="[1264,1339,1756,1783]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" unit="cm" value="20.0">20 cm</quantity>
. Surface rough. Oscula abundant, circular, ca. 
<quantity id="45411FB829440D517F68F8C86EEDF894" box="[568,661,1792,1819]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="1.0">1–4 mm</quantity>
wide, frequently aligned in rows on ridges. Consistency firm. Colour in life light pink.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8206B25D29440D517D97F8806E43F825" blockId="27.[151,1437,1576,2035]" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F29440D517D97F8806DA8F8ED" bold="true" box="[199,464,1864,1890]" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">
Skeleton (
<figureCitation id="1A82AED829440D517C6FF8806DB9F8ED" box="[319,449,1864,1890]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1901,1925]" captionTargetBox="[193,1395,181,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-18@28.[193,1395,181,1877]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 8. Haliclona (Halichoclona) multiosculata sp. nov. (MNRJ 13682, holotype). A–B, holotype alive; C, skeletal architecture in transverse ground section; D, ectosomal skeleton architecture in tangential ground section; E–F, oxeas in SEM. Scale bars: A, 5 cm; B, 1 cm; C, 200 μm; D, 100 μm; E–F, 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5824037" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5824037/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">Fig. 8C, D</figureCitation>
).
</emphasis>
Ectosome a dense isotropic reticulation, with some discernible triangular to squared meshes, slightly confused. Choanosome of the same structure as the ectosome, but denser. Spongin scarce, only found at the nodes of the reticulation.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8206B25D29440D517D97F87C6D49F87C" blockId="27.[151,1437,1576,2035]" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F29440D517D97F87C6DC4F841" bold="true" box="[199,444,1972,1998]" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">
Spicules (
<figureCitation id="1A82AED829440D517C67F87C6DD5F841" box="[311,429,1972,1998]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1901,1925]" captionTargetBox="[193,1395,181,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-18@28.[193,1395,181,1877]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 8. Haliclona (Halichoclona) multiosculata sp. nov. (MNRJ 13682, holotype). A–B, holotype alive; C, skeletal architecture in transverse ground section; D, ectosomal skeleton architecture in tangential ground section; E–F, oxeas in SEM. Scale bars: A, 5 cm; B, 1 cm; C, 200 μm; D, 100 μm; E–F, 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5824037" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5824037/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">Fig. 8E, F</figureCitation>
).
</emphasis>
Oxeas, slender, subtly bent at centre, sharp hastate points, 87– 
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F29440D517921F87C68E1F841" box="[1137,1177,1972,1998]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">116</emphasis>
–135 x 1.9– 
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F29440D51784CF87C6947F841" box="[1308,1343,1972,1998]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">6.2</emphasis>
–8.7 µm (n = 45 x 45).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="D6C6E2D529430D567DC7F8A56F4DF84E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5824037" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5824037" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5824037/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" startId="28.[151,250,1901,1925]" targetBox="[193,1395,181,1877]" targetPageId="28">
<paragraph id="8206B25D29430D567DC7F8A56F4DF84E" blockId="28.[151,1437,1901,1985]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F29430D567DC7F8A5683BF80A" bold="true" box="[151,1091,1901,1926]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">
FIGURE 8. 
<taxonomicName id="45B9C9DE29430D567C4FF8A56EBFF80A" authority="Bispo &amp; Willenz &amp; Hajdu, 2022" authorityName="Bispo &amp; Willenz &amp; Hajdu" authorityYear="2022" box="[287,711,1901,1925]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="multiosculata" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Halichoclona">
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F29430D567C4FF8A56EBFF80A" bold="true" box="[287,711,1901,1925]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">Haliclona (Halichoclona) multiosculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="ABFED33429430D567F80F8A66F5BF809" box="[720,803,1902,1926]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(MNRJ 13682, holotype).
</emphasis>
A–B, holotype alive; C, skeletal architecture in transverse ground section; D, ectosomal skeleton architecture in tangential ground section; E–F, oxeas in SEM. Scale bars: A, 5 cm; B, 1 cm; C, 200 μm; D, 100 μm; E–F, 20 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="CAA3E1D629420D577D97FF5F6DAFFF5A" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8206B25D29420D577D97FF5F6DAFFF5A" blockId="29.[151,1437,150,897]" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F29420D577D97FF5F6D54FF3E" bold="true" box="[199,300,151,177]" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">Ecology.</emphasis>
Found on rocky substrate around 
<quantity id="45411FB829420D577FE5FF5E6E88FF3E" box="[693,752,150,177]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" unit="m" value="15.0">15 m</quantity>
depth, associated with many ophiuroids. Water temperature during collection was 21° C.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CAA3E1D629420D577D97FF1668C4FF76" box="[199,1212,222,249]" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8206B25D29420D577D97FF1668C4FF76" blockId="29.[151,1437,150,897]" box="[199,1212,222,249]" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F29420D577D97FF166DAAFF77" bold="true" box="[199,466,222,248]" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">
Distribution (
<figureCitation id="1A82AED829420D577C38FF166DBBFF77" box="[360,451,222,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1807,1831]" captionTargetBox="[159,1429,563,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-185@7.[155,1432,561,1783]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Map showing the geographic distribution of Peruvian haplosclerids. A, distribution of Chalinula chelysa sp. nov.; B, distribution of Chalinula ramiculosa sp. nov. and Haliclona (G.) concreta sp nov.; C, distribution of H. (Halich.) arequipaensis sp. nov., H. (Halich.) multiosculata sp. nov. and H. (Halich.) marcoriosi sp. nov.; D, distribution of H. (Halich.) paracas sp. nov., H. (Halich.) pellucida sp. nov. and (Reniera) parvuloxea sp. nov.; E, distribution of H. (Rhizoniera) spp. nov.; F, distribution of Niphates ruthecitae sp. nov. and Pachychalina lupusapia sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5824023" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5824023/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
).
</emphasis>
Only known from its 
<typeStatus id="5D020CFF29420D577F99FF176E81FF76" box="[713,761,223,249]" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">type</typeStatus>
locality, 
<collectingCountry id="FAAEF2CD29420D577E31FF176FF1FF76" box="[865,905,223,249]" name="Iceland" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">Isla</collectingCountry>
Foca (
<collectingRegion id="407D7CBF29420D577E85FF176815FF76" box="[981,1133,223,249]" country="Peru" name="Piura" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">Piura Region</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="FAAEF2CD29420D577928FF1768C8FF76" box="[1144,1200,223,249]" name="Peru" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">Peru</collectingCountry>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CAA3E1D629420D577D97FECB6E42FECD" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8206B25D29420D577D97FECB6E42FECD" blockId="29.[151,1437,150,897]" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F29420D577D97FECB6D36FE92" bold="true" box="[199,334,259,285]" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">Etymology.</emphasis>
The epithet “ 
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F29420D577CB8FECB6EE8FE92" box="[488,656,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">
<taxonomicName id="45B9C9DE29420D577CB8FECB6EFEFE92" authorityName="Bispo &amp; Willenz &amp; Hajdu" authorityYear="2022" box="[488,646,259,285]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="multiosculata">multiosculata</taxonomicName>
”
</emphasis>
is used as a noun in apposition that refers to the abundance of oscula in the new species (L. 
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F29420D577CC3FEEF6DB5FECE" box="[403,461,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">multi</emphasis>
= much).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CAA3E1D629420D577D97FE836FB8FC0E" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8206B25D29420D577D97FE836FCEFE7A" blockId="29.[151,1437,150,897]" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F29420D577D97FE836D43FEEA" bold="true" box="[199,315,331,357]" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">Remarks.</emphasis>
There are no clear relatives of 
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F29420D577FF0FE836EC4FEEB" box="[672,700,331,356]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">H.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F29420D577F9DFE836F58FEEA" box="[717,800,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">Halich.</emphasis>
) 
<taxonomicName id="45B9C9DE29420D577E61FE836FB1FEEA" authority="Bispo &amp; Willenz &amp; Hajdu, 2022" authorityName="Bispo &amp; Willenz &amp; Hajdu" authorityYear="2022" box="[817,969,331,357]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="multiosculata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F29420D577E61FE836FB1FEEA" box="[817,969,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">multiosculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F29420D577E82FE836854FEEA" bold="true" box="[978,1068,331,357]" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="ABFED33429420D577E82FE836854FEEA" box="[978,1068,331,357]" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
in the Eastern Pacific (
<tableCitation id="CF3B87E629420D577866FE8369F6FEEA" box="[1334,1422,331,357]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,239,504,530]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="TABLE 3. Comparative data on external morphology, anatomy, spicule length x width, and known distribution for Chalinula spp., Haliclona spp. Niphates spp. and Pachychalina spp. occurring along the Eastern Pacific and in transitional areas between the Pacific and Atlantic (Beagle Channel and Strait of Magellan). (Ecto. = ectosome; Choano. = choanosome). Sources: Wilson (1904); Thiele (1905); de Laubenfels (1926, 1930, 1932); Dickinson (1945); Sarà (1978); Desqueyroux-Faúndez (1990); Desqueyroux-Faúndez &amp; van Soest (1997); Gómez et al. (2002); Cruz-Barraza &amp; Carballo (2006, 2008); van Soest (2017); Gastaldi et al. (2018); Sim-Smith et al. (2021); present study." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D6C6E2D529570D427DC7FE306B77FDF1" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" tableUuid="D6C6E2D529570D427DC7FE306B77FDF1">Table 3</tableCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName id="45B9C9DE29420D577DC7FEA76DE8FE06" authorityName="Desqueyroux-Faundez" authorityYear="1990" box="[151,400,367,393]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="agglutinata">
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F29420D577DC7FEA76DE8FE06" box="[151,400,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">Haliclona agglutinata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is most similar to the new species with a choanosomal skeleton of comparable architecture, oxeas within a similar size range (102–140 µm), and colour alive off-white with pinkish areas (
<bibRefCitation id="E628CFAC29420D5779F2FE5B6D16FE5E" author="Desqueyroux-Faundez, R. &amp; van Soest, R. W. M." pageId="29" pageNumber="230" pagination="379 - 467" refId="ref36070" refString="Desqueyroux-Faundez, R. &amp; van Soest, R. W. M. (1997) Shallow water Demosponges of the Galapagos Islands. Revue suisse de Zoologie, 104 (2), 379 - 467." type="journal article" year="1997">Desqueyroux-Faúndez &amp; van Soest 1997</bibRefCitation>
). Nevertheless, the new species is encrusting, much thinner than 
<taxonomicName id="45B9C9DE29420D57793CFE7F696BFE5E" authorityName="Desqueyroux-Faundez" authorityYear="1990" box="[1132,1299,439,465]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="agglutinata">
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F29420D57793CFE7F696BFE5E" box="[1132,1299,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">H. agglutinata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, has oscula commonly aligned on ridges, and skeleton without paucispicular tracts.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8206B25D29420D577D97FE376FB8FC0E" blockId="29.[151,1437,150,897]" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">
Other Eastern Pacific 
<taxonomicName id="45B9C9DE29420D577CECFE376E18FD96" box="[444,608,511,537]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F29420D577CECFE376E54FD96" box="[444,556,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">Haliclona</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
that might be related to the new species regarding its skeleton architecture and/or shape are 
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F29420D577C0BFDEB6D0FFDB3" box="[347,375,547,572]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">H.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F29420D577CD8FDEB6DA5FDB2" box="[392,477,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">Halich.</emphasis>
) 
<taxonomicName id="45B9C9DE29420D577CBEFDEB6E91FDB2" authority="(Thiele, 1905)" authorityName="Rounded" baseAuthorityName="Thiele" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[494,745,546,573]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="conica">
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F29420D577CBEFDEB6E42FDB3" box="[494,570,547,572]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">conica</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="E628CFAC29420D577F19FDEB6E98FDB2" author="Thiele, J." box="[585,736,546,573]" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" pagination="407 - 496" refId="ref38628" refString="Thiele, J. (1905) Die Kiesel- und Hornschwamme der Sammlung Plate. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Supplement 6 (Fauna Chilensis III), 407 - 496." type="journal article" year="1905">Thiele, 1905</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F29420D577FA4FDEB6F69FDB3" box="[756,785,547,572]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">H.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F29420D577E71FDEB6F0FFDB2" box="[801,887,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">Halich.</emphasis>
) 
<taxonomicName id="45B9C9DE29420D577ED7FDEB6F88FDB2" authorityName="Thinly" baseAuthorityName="de Laubenfels" baseAuthorityYear="1932" box="[903,1008,547,573]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="gellindra">
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F29420D577ED7FDEB6F88FDB2" box="[903,1008,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">gellindra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="45B9C9DE29420D577EAFFDEB6910FDB2" authority="(Thiele, 1905)" baseAuthorityName="Thiele" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[1023,1384,546,573]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sordida" subGenus="Re.">
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F29420D577EAFFDEB6829FDB2" box="[1023,1105,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">H. (Re.</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F29420D577932FDEB68C0FDB2" box="[1122,1208,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">sordida</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="E628CFAC29420D577998FDEB6927FDB2" author="Thiele, J." box="[1224,1375,546,573]" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" pagination="407 - 496" refId="ref38628" refString="Thiele, J. (1905) Die Kiesel- und Hornschwamme der Sammlung Plate. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Supplement 6 (Fauna Chilensis III), 407 - 496." type="journal article" year="1905">Thiele, 1905</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F29420D577DC7FD8F6CCBFDEF" box="[151,179,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">H.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F29420D577D93FD8F6D61FDEE" box="[195,281,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">Halich.</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F29420D577C78FD8F6D16FDEE" box="[296,366,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">thielei</emphasis>
. However, the new species differs from 
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F29420D577E7EFD8F6F32FDEF" box="[814,842,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">H.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F29420D577E09FD8F6FD5FDEE" box="[857,941,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">Halich.</emphasis>
) 
<taxonomicName id="45B9C9DE29420D577EECFD8F687FFDEF" authorityName="Rounded" baseAuthorityName="Thiele" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[956,1031,583,608]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="conica">
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F29420D577EECFD8F687FFDEF" box="[956,1031,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">conica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for the latter’s conical habit (
<quantity id="45411FB829420D57781EFD8E69E5FDEE" box="[1358,1437,582,609]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
thick) and longer oxeas (165 x 10 µm) (
<bibRefCitation id="E628CFAC29420D577F09FDA36E9EFD0A" author="Thiele, J." box="[601,742,618,645]" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" pagination="407 - 496" refId="ref38628" refString="Thiele, J. (1905) Die Kiesel- und Hornschwamme der Sammlung Plate. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Supplement 6 (Fauna Chilensis III), 407 - 496." type="journal article" year="1905">Thiele 1905</bibRefCitation>
). In addition, 
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F29420D577ED3FDA36FE7FD0B" box="[899,927,619,644]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">H.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F29420D577EFFFDA3687BFD0A" box="[943,1027,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">Halich.</emphasis>
) 
<taxonomicName id="45B9C9DE29420D577943FDA36802FD0A" authorityName="Thinly" baseAuthorityName="de Laubenfels" baseAuthorityYear="1932" box="[1043,1146,619,645]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="gellindra">
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F29420D577943FDA36802FD0A" box="[1043,1146,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">gellindra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can also be distinguished by its fragile consistency, fewer and smaller oscula, and occurrence restricted to the Temperate Northeastern Pacific, along 
<collectingRegion id="407D7CBF29420D577D8EFD7B6D28FD42" box="[222,336,691,717]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">California</collectingRegion>
and the coast of the Gulf of 
<collectingRegion id="407D7CBF29420D577FF0FD7B6F6AFD42" box="[672,786,691,717]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">California</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="E628CFAC29420D577E73FD7B6870FD42" author="de Laubenfels, M. W." box="[803,1032,691,717]" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" pagination="1 - 140" refId="ref35428" refString="de Laubenfels, M. W. (1932) The marine and fresh-water sponges of California. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 81 (2927), 1 - 140. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.81 - 2927.1" type="journal article" year="1932">de Laubenfels 1932</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="E628CFAC29420D577946FD7B68B6FD42" author="Dickinson, M. G." box="[1046,1230,690,717]" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" pagination="1 - 55" refId="ref36140" refString="Dickinson, M. G. (1945) Sponges of the Gulf of California. In: Reports on the collections obtained by Alan Hancock Pacific Expeditions of Velero III off the coast of Mexico, Central America, South America, and Galapagos Islands in 1932, in 1933, in 1934, in 1937, in 1939, and 1940. The University of Southern California Press, Los Angeles, California, pp. 1 - 55." type="book chapter" year="1945">Dickinson 1945</bibRefCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName id="45B9C9DE29420D5779B3FD7B69E5FD42" baseAuthorityName="Thiele" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[1251,1437,691,717]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sordida" subGenus="Re.">
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F29420D5779B3FD7B6887FD43" box="[1251,1279,691,716]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">H.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F29420D577841FD7B694EFD43" box="[1297,1334,691,716]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">Re.</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F29420D577818FD7B69E5FD42" box="[1352,1437,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">sordida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
considerably approaches the new species by its encrusting habit (
<quantity id="45411FB829420D577E2BFD1E6FA2FD7E" box="[891,986,726,753]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" unit="mm" value="6.0" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="5.0">5–7 mm</quantity>
thick), smooth to irregular surface, and grouped oscula. However, 
<taxonomicName id="45B9C9DE29420D577C9DFD336EF1FC9A" baseAuthorityName="Thiele" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[461,649,763,789]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sordida" subGenus="Re.">
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F29420D577C9DFD336D90FC9B" box="[461,488,763,788]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">H.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F29420D577CABFD336E58FC9B" box="[507,544,763,788]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">Re.</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F29420D577F64FD336EF1FC9A" box="[564,649,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">sordida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘s smaller oscula (
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wide), its skeletal architecture with loose ascending tracts, and longer oxeas (200 x 9 µm) differentiate the two species (
<bibRefCitation id="E628CFAC29420D577975FCD768CBFCB6" author="Thiele, J." box="[1061,1203,798,825]" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" pagination="407 - 496" refId="ref38628" refString="Thiele, J. (1905) Die Kiesel- und Hornschwamme der Sammlung Plate. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Supplement 6 (Fauna Chilensis III), 407 - 496." type="journal article" year="1905">Thiele 1905</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="E628CFAC29420D577991FCD769E9FCB6" author="Hajdu, E. &amp; Desqueyroux-Faundez, R. &amp; Carvalho, M. de &amp; Lobo-Hajdu, G. &amp; Willenz, Ph." box="[1217,1425,799,825]" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" pagination="1 - 64" refId="ref36388" refString="Hajdu, E., Desqueyroux-Faundez, R., Carvalho, M. de S., Lobo-Hajdu, G. &amp; Willenz, Ph. (2013) Twelve new Demospongiae (Porifera) from Chilean fjords, with remarks upon sponge-derived biogeographic compartments in the SE Pacific. Zootaxa, 3744 (1), 1 - 64. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3744.1.1" type="journal article" year="2013">
Hajdu 
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F29420D57785FFCD76932FCB6" box="[1295,1354,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">et al.</emphasis>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
). Finally, 
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F29420D577DA3FC8B6D77FCD3" box="[243,271,835,860]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">H.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F29420D577C4FFC8B6D0BFCD2" box="[287,371,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">Halich.</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F29420D577CD3FC8B6DB1FCD2" box="[387,457,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">thielei</emphasis>
also has an encrusting shape, but it has distinct colour alive (blue, grey or violet-grey), and never has oscula aligned on ridges (
<bibRefCitation id="E628CFAC29420D577F06FCAF6E99FC0E" author="Thiele, J." box="[598,737,870,897]" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" pagination="407 - 496" refId="ref38628" refString="Thiele, J. (1905) Die Kiesel- und Hornschwamme der Sammlung Plate. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Supplement 6 (Fauna Chilensis III), 407 - 496." type="journal article" year="1905">Thiele 1905</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="E628CFAC29420D577FBDFCAF6FCDFC0E" author="Hajdu, E. &amp; Desqueyroux-Faundez, R. &amp; Carvalho, M. de &amp; Lobo-Hajdu, G. &amp; Willenz, Ph." box="[749,949,871,897]" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" pagination="1 - 64" refId="ref36388" refString="Hajdu, E., Desqueyroux-Faundez, R., Carvalho, M. de S., Lobo-Hajdu, G. &amp; Willenz, Ph. (2013) Twelve new Demospongiae (Porifera) from Chilean fjords, with remarks upon sponge-derived biogeographic compartments in the SE Pacific. Zootaxa, 3744 (1), 1 - 64. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3744.1.1" type="journal article" year="2013">
Hajdu 
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F29420D577E69FCAF6F09FC0E" box="[825,881,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">et al.</emphasis>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>