treatments-xml/data/0A/10/03/0A10034B29400D6B7DC7FC426D81FC62.xml

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<mods:title id="98CD794C15B7B2AC626069F22ABBF21E">Diving into the unknown: fourteen new species of haplosclerid sponges (Demospongiae: Haplosclerida) revealed along the Peruvian coast (Southeastern Pacific)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="20A4A72A6121A376A780BB37190F987E">Bispo, André</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="777BADD1D537B3FE2956264998724D07">Museu Nacional, Departamento de Invertebrados, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista, s / n, CEP 20940 - 040, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil &amp; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 4025 - 6839; afelipebispo @ gmail. com</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="AE9D3F6AD6428B8F75021E56A1DB548E">Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Rue Vautier 29, B- 1000, Bruxelles, Belgium &amp; Université Libre de Bruxelles, Laboratoire de Biologie Marine, Avenue F. D. Roosevelt, 50, B- 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium &amp; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 4127 - 9346; philippe. willenz @ naturalsciences. be</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="6AE98629C7BF15D8AB1AD72A802AB11E">Museu Nacional, Departamento de Invertebrados, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista, s / n, CEP 20940 - 040, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil &amp; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 8760 - 9403; eduardo. hajdu @ gmail. com</mods:affiliation>
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<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F29400D557DC7FC426D68FC2A" bold="true" box="[151,272,906,933]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">Haliclona</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F29400D557C71FC426DBEFC2A" bold="true" box="[289,454,906,933]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">Halichoclona</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F29400D557C87FC426E3EFC2A" bold="true" box="[471,582,906,933]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">pellucida</emphasis>
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<subSubSection id="CAA3E1D629400D557DC7FC676D0EFC46" box="[151,374,943,969]" pageId="31" pageNumber="232" type="description">
<paragraph id="8206B25D29400D557DC7FC676D0EFC46" blockId="31.[151,682,906,969]" box="[151,374,943,969]" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">
(
<figureCitation id="1A82AED829400D557DCFFC676D77FC46" box="[159,271,943,969]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1902,1926]" captionTargetBox="[193,1395,181,1878]" captionTargetId="figure-18@32.[193,1395,181,1878]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 10. Haliclona (Halichoclona) pellucida sp. nov. (MNRJ 12149, holotype). A–B, holotype alive; C, skeletal architecture in transverse ground section stained with acid fuchsine; D, detail of C; E, ectosomal skeleton architecture in tangential ground section; F–H, oxeas. Scale bars: A, 5 cm; B, 1 cm; C, 500 μm; D–E, 200 μm; F–H, 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5824043" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5824043/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">Figure 10</figureCitation>
, 
<tableCitation id="CF3B87E629400D557C4AFC676D15FC46" box="[282,365,943,969]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,239,504,530]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="TABLE 3. Comparative data on external morphology, anatomy, spicule length x width, and known distribution for Chalinula spp., Haliclona spp. Niphates spp. and Pachychalina spp. occurring along the Eastern Pacific and in transitional areas between the Pacific and Atlantic (Beagle Channel and Strait of Magellan). (Ecto. = ectosome; Choano. = choanosome). Sources: Wilson (1904); Thiele (1905); de Laubenfels (1926, 1930, 1932); Dickinson (1945); Sarà (1978); Desqueyroux-Faúndez (1990); Desqueyroux-Faúndez &amp; van Soest (1997); Gómez et al. (2002); Cruz-Barraza &amp; Carballo (2006, 2008); van Soest (2017); Gastaldi et al. (2018); Sim-Smith et al. (2021); present study." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D6C6E2D529570D427DC7FE306B77FDF1" pageId="31" pageNumber="232" tableUuid="D6C6E2D529570D427DC7FE306B77FDF1">Table 3</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8206B25D29400D557DC7FC3F6D7DFBD6" blockId="31.[151,1437,1014,2013]" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">
<materialsCitation id="32D1B80029400D557DC7FC3F6D7DFBD6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3427684342" accessionNumber="POR 12149" collectingDate="2008-11-28" collectionCode="MNRJ, MHNG" collectorName="Y. Hooker &amp; U. Zanabria &amp; Ph. Willenz" elevation="11" latitude="-16.8805" location="Matarani" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-72.2884" municipality="Punta Hornillos" pageId="31" pageNumber="232" specimenCode="MNRJ 12149, RBINS-IG 32240, MHNG 85591" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Arequipa" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F29400D557DC7FC3F6D73FB9E" bold="true" box="[151,267,1015,1041]" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">
<typeStatus id="5D020CFF29400D557DC7FC3F6D7EFB9E" box="[151,262,1015,1041]" pageId="31" pageNumber="232" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<specimenCode id="D21F1A2629400D557C44FC3F6DD7FB9E" box="[276,431,1015,1041]" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">MNRJ 12149</specimenCode>
(Vouchers: 
<specimenCode id="D21F1A2629400D557F6AFC3F6F7BFB9E" box="[570,771,1015,1041]" collectionCode="RBINS-IG" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">RBINS-IG 32240</specimenCode>
-POR 12149, 
<specimenCode id="D21F1A2629400D557EF2FC3F683DFB9E" box="[930,1093,1014,1041]" collectionCode="MHNG" country="Switzerland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2jyg-xmd2" name="Museum d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="31" pageNumber="232" type="Museum">MHNG 85591</specimenCode>
)— 
<collectingMunicipality id="6262282729400D55793BFC3E695BFB9E" box="[1131,1315,1014,1041]" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">Punta Hornillos</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="8766E48629400D557860FC3F69E0FB9E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0A10034B29400D6B7DC7FC426D81FC62:8766E48629400D557860FC3F69E0FB9E" box="[1328,1432,1015,1041]" latitude="-16.8805" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-72.2884" municipality="Punta Hornillos" name="Matarani" pageId="31" pageNumber="232" stateProvince="Arequipa">Matarani</location>
, 
<collectingRegion id="407D7CBF29400D557DC7FBD36D20FBBA" box="[151,344,1051,1077]" country="Peru" name="Arequipa" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">Arequipa Region</collectingRegion>
(
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, 
<geoCoordinate id="E78DD49A29400D557F76FBD36E9AFBBA" box="[550,738,1051,1077]" degrees="72" direction="west" minutes="17" orientation="longitude" pageId="31" pageNumber="232" precision="1" seconds="18.24" value="-72.2884">72°17’18.24” W</geoCoordinate>
), depth 
<quantity id="45411FB829400D557E6CFBD36F0EFBBA" box="[828,886,1051,1077]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="31" pageNumber="232" unit="m" value="11.0">
<elevation id="0994556E29400D557E6CFBD36F0EFBBA" box="[828,886,1051,1077]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="31" pageNumber="232" unit="m" value="11.0">11 m</elevation>
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, coll. 
<collectorName id="2F4CD78B29400D557EEAFBD36857FBBA" box="[954,1071,1051,1077]" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">Y. Hooker</collectorName>
, U. 
<collectorName id="2F4CD78B29400D55790DFBD368B9FBBA" box="[1117,1217,1051,1077]" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">Zanabria</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="2F4CD78B29400D5579B5FBD36910FBBA" box="[1253,1384,1051,1077]" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">Ph. Willenz</collectorName>
(
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<collectingDate id="E6436D7529400D557827FBD36C81FBD6" pageId="31" pageNumber="232" value="2008-11-28">28/ XI/2008</collectingDate>
</date>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CAA3E1D629400D557D97FBAA6EFBFB4A" pageId="31" pageNumber="232" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8206B25D29400D557D97FBAA6EFBFB4A" blockId="31.[151,1437,1014,2013]" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F29400D557D97FBAA6D3AFBF3" bold="true" box="[199,322,1122,1148]" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
The only 
<taxonomicName id="45B9C9DE29400D557CFEFBAB6E66FBF2" box="[430,542,1123,1149]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="31" pageNumber="232" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F29400D557CFEFBAB6E66FBF2" box="[430,542,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">Haliclona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the Eastern Pacific with a combination of thickly encrusting to cushion-shaped habit, white colour alive with translucent smooth surface, isotropic, slightly confused to isodictyal choanosomal reticulation of oxeas 129–184 µm in length.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CAA3E1D629400D557D97FB06691AF9DE" pageId="31" pageNumber="232" type="description">
<paragraph id="8206B25D29400D557D97FB066D57FAF6" blockId="31.[151,1437,1014,2013]" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F29400D557D97FB066D81FB67" bold="true" box="[199,505,1230,1256]" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">
Description (
<figureCitation id="1A82AED829400D557C31FB066D92FB67" box="[353,490,1230,1256]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1902,1926]" captionTargetBox="[193,1395,181,1878]" captionTargetId="figure-18@32.[193,1395,181,1878]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 10. Haliclona (Halichoclona) pellucida sp. nov. (MNRJ 12149, holotype). A–B, holotype alive; C, skeletal architecture in transverse ground section stained with acid fuchsine; D, detail of C; E, ectosomal skeleton architecture in tangential ground section; F–H, oxeas. Scale bars: A, 5 cm; B, 1 cm; C, 500 μm; D–E, 200 μm; F–H, 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5824043" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5824043/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">Fig. 10A, B</figureCitation>
).
</emphasis>
Thickly encrusting to cushion-shaped, ca. 
<quantity id="45411FB829400D557E8BFB076865FB66" box="[987,1053,1231,1257]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="232" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
thick, spreading laterally to cover an area larger than 20 x 
<quantity id="45411FB829400D557CE5FB3B6D8BFA82" box="[437,499,1267,1293]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="232" unit="cm" value="7.0">7 cm</quantity>
. Surface smooth, but uneven, just slightly punctate, translucent. Oscula common, circular, 
<quantity id="45411FB829400D557DADFADF6D25FABE" box="[253,349,1303,1329]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="232" unit="mm" value="2.0" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.0">1–3 mm</quantity>
wide, just slightly elevated or at the top of small volcaniform projections, up to 
<quantity id="45411FB829400D557845FADE6921FABE" box="[1301,1369,1302,1329]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="232" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
high. Consistency firm, nearly incompressible Colour alive is white, with a translucent surface that gives to the sponge an icy aspect.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8206B25D29400D557D97FA4A68EFF9A2" blockId="31.[151,1437,1014,2013]" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F29400D557D97FA4A6DACFA13" bold="true" box="[199,468,1410,1436]" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">
Skeleton (
<figureCitation id="1A82AED829400D557C6DFA4A6DB0FA13" box="[317,456,1410,1436]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1902,1926]" captionTargetBox="[193,1395,181,1878]" captionTargetId="figure-18@32.[193,1395,181,1878]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 10. Haliclona (Halichoclona) pellucida sp. nov. (MNRJ 12149, holotype). A–B, holotype alive; C, skeletal architecture in transverse ground section stained with acid fuchsine; D, detail of C; E, ectosomal skeleton architecture in tangential ground section; F–H, oxeas. Scale bars: A, 5 cm; B, 1 cm; C, 500 μm; D–E, 200 μm; F–H, 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5824043" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5824043/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">Fig. 10C–E</figureCitation>
).
</emphasis>
Ectosomal skeleton a dense isotropic reticulation, with some ill-defined paucispicular tracts without a clear orientation. Choanosomal skeleton a dense and confused isotropic reticulation with occasional ill-defined paucispicular (1–4 spicules) tracts perpendicular to the surface. In some parts, the skeleton becomes a regular isodictyal reticulation, of uni- to bispicular triangular to squared meshes, Choanosomal spaces are common, especially closer to the surface, 284–756 µm wide. Spongin at the nodes of the reticulation.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8206B25D29400D557D97F9FE691AF9DE" blockId="31.[151,1437,1014,2013]" box="[199,1378,1590,1617]" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F29400D557D97F9FE6DB7F9DF" bold="true" box="[199,463,1590,1616]" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">
Spicules (
<figureCitation id="1A82AED829400D557C68F9FE6DBBF9DF" box="[312,451,1590,1616]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1902,1926]" captionTargetBox="[193,1395,181,1878]" captionTargetId="figure-18@32.[193,1395,181,1878]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 10. Haliclona (Halichoclona) pellucida sp. nov. (MNRJ 12149, holotype). A–B, holotype alive; C, skeletal architecture in transverse ground section stained with acid fuchsine; D, detail of C; E, ectosomal skeleton architecture in tangential ground section; F–H, oxeas. Scale bars: A, 5 cm; B, 1 cm; C, 500 μm; D–E, 200 μm; F–H, 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5824043" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5824043/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">Fig. 10F–H</figureCitation>
).
</emphasis>
Oxeas, hastate, mostly curved, 129– 
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F29400D557E3CF9FE6FDBF9DF" box="[876,931,1590,1616]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">161–</emphasis>
184 µm x 3.0– 
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F29400D557918F9FF6801F9DE" box="[1096,1145,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">7.5–</emphasis>
12 µm (n = 40 x 20).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CAA3E1D629400D557D97F9936F06F916" pageId="31" pageNumber="232" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8206B25D29400D557D97F9936F06F916" blockId="31.[151,1437,1014,2013]" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F29400D557D97F9936D54F9FA" bold="true" box="[199,300,1627,1653]" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">Ecology.</emphasis>
Found on rocky substrate, underneath an overhang at about 
<quantity id="45411FB829400D557EB1F9936863F9FA" box="[993,1051,1627,1653]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="31" pageNumber="232" unit="m" value="11.0">11 m</quantity>
depth, co-occurring with shrimps and other sponges. Water temperature during collection was 15°C.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CAA3E1D629400D557D97F96B6D5DF96E" pageId="31" pageNumber="232" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8206B25D29400D557D97F96B6D5DF96E" blockId="31.[151,1437,1014,2013]" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F29400D557D97F96B6D36F932" bold="true" box="[199,334,1699,1725]" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">Etymology.</emphasis>
The epithet “ 
<taxonomicName id="45B9C9DE29400D557CABF96B6E1BF932" authorityName="Bispo &amp; Willenz &amp; Hajdu" authorityYear="2022" box="[507,611,1699,1725]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="31" pageNumber="232" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pellucida">
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F29400D557CABF96B6E1BF932" box="[507,611,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">pellucida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” refers to the vitreous aspect of this sponge (L. 
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F29400D557992F96B694DF932" box="[1218,1333,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">pellucidus</emphasis>
= clear, transparent).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CAA3E1D629400D557D97F922697DF88A" box="[199,1285,1770,1798]" pageId="31" pageNumber="232" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8206B25D29400D557D97F922697DF88A" blockId="31.[151,1437,1014,2013]" box="[199,1285,1770,1798]" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F29400D557D97F9226DA9F88B" bold="true" box="[199,465,1770,1796]" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">
Distribution (
<figureCitation id="1A82AED829400D557C38F9226DBBF88B" box="[360,451,1770,1796]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1807,1831]" captionTargetBox="[159,1429,563,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-185@7.[155,1432,561,1783]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Map showing the geographic distribution of Peruvian haplosclerids. A, distribution of Chalinula chelysa sp. nov.; B, distribution of Chalinula ramiculosa sp. nov. and Haliclona (G.) concreta sp nov.; C, distribution of H. (Halich.) arequipaensis sp. nov., H. (Halich.) multiosculata sp. nov. and H. (Halich.) marcoriosi sp. nov.; D, distribution of H. (Halich.) paracas sp. nov., H. (Halich.) pellucida sp. nov. and (Reniera) parvuloxea sp. nov.; E, distribution of H. (Rhizoniera) spp. nov.; F, distribution of Niphates ruthecitae sp. nov. and Pachychalina lupusapia sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5824023" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5824023/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
).
</emphasis>
Only known from its 
<typeStatus id="5D020CFF29400D557F99F9236E81F88A" box="[713,761,1771,1797]" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">type</typeStatus>
locality, Matarani (
<collectingRegion id="407D7CBF29400D557E84F92368E2F889" box="[980,1178,1771,1798]" country="Peru" name="Arequipa" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">Arequipa Region</collectingRegion>
), in 
<collectingCountry id="FAAEF2CD29400D55799AF9236979F88A" box="[1226,1281,1771,1797]" name="Peru" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">Peru</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CAA3E1D629400D6B7D97F8C76D81FC62" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="234" pageId="31" pageNumber="232" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8206B25D29400D557D97F8C76D81F852" blockId="31.[151,1437,1014,2013]" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F29400D557D97F8C76D43F8A6" bold="true" box="[199,315,1807,1833]" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">Remarks.</emphasis>
The new species has a mainly dense, isotropic skeleton, with choanosomal spaces and firm consistency, matching the 
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F29400D557C7DF8FB6D31F8C3" box="[301,329,1843,1868]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">H.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F29400D557C07F8FB6D97F8C2" box="[343,495,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">Halichoclona</emphasis>
) definition. Even though, its skeleton turns into a more regular isodictyal reticulation in parts, resembling that of 
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F29400D557C8FF89F6D83F8FF" box="[479,507,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">H.</emphasis>
(
<taxonomicName id="45B9C9DE29400D557F5FF89F6E10F8FF" box="[527,616,1879,1904]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Reniera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="31" pageNumber="232" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F29400D557F5FF89F6E10F8FF" box="[527,616,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">Reniera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). However, the also dense and confused ectosomal skeleton markedly deviates from the very regular and unispicular ectosome of typical 
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F29400D557ED6F8B36FDAF81B" box="[902,930,1915,1940]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">H.</emphasis>
(
<taxonomicName id="45B9C9DE29400D557EE2F8B36873F81B" box="[946,1035,1915,1940]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Reniera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="31" pageNumber="232" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F29400D557EE2F8B36873F81B" box="[946,1035,1915,1940]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">Reniera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) as 
<taxonomicName id="45B9C9DE29400D557969F8B36CA3F835" authority="(Schmidt, 1862)" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1862" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="31" pageNumber="232" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="aquaeductus" subGenus="Re.">
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F29400D557969F8B3682DF81B" box="[1081,1109,1915,1940]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">H.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F29400D557935F8B368F2F81B" box="[1125,1162,1915,1940]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">Re.</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F29400D5579CAF8B36950F81A" box="[1178,1320,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">aquaeductus</emphasis>
(Schmidt, 1862)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="45B9C9DE29400D557DB9F8576E3EF835" authority="(Grant, 1826)" baseAuthorityName="Grant" baseAuthorityYear="1826" box="[233,582,1951,1978]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="31" pageNumber="232" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="cinerea" subGenus="Re.">
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F29400D557DB9F8576D7DF837" box="[233,261,1951,1976]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">H.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F29400D557C47F8576D44F837" box="[279,316,1951,1976]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">Re.</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F29400D557C1EF8576DD9F837" box="[334,417,1951,1976]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">cinerea</emphasis>
(Grant, 1826)
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="45B9C9DE29400D557FD1F8576847F836" authority="(Hechtel, 1965)" baseAuthorityName="Hechtel" baseAuthorityYear="1965" box="[641,1087,1950,1977]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="31" pageNumber="232" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="implexiformis" subGenus="Re.">
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F29400D557FD1F8576EE5F837" box="[641,669,1951,1976]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">H.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F29400D557FFFF8576EACF837" box="[687,724,1951,1976]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">Re.</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F29400D557FB7F8576FF9F836" box="[743,897,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">implexiformis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="E628CFAC29400D557EC2F857684FF836" author="Hechtel, G. J." box="[914,1079,1950,1977]" pageId="31" pageNumber="232" pagination="1 - 103" refId="ref36668" refString="Hechtel, G. J. (1965) A systematic study of the Demospongiae of Port Royal, Jamaica. Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History, 20, 1 - 103." type="journal article" year="1965">Hechtel, 1965</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Thus, the new species is best classified in 
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F29400D557C75F80B6D39F853" box="[293,321,1987,2012]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">H.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F29400D557C00F80B6D90F852" box="[336,488,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">Halichoclona</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="D6C6E2D5297F0D6A7DC7F8A6689CF84E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5824043" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5824043" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5824043/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="233" startId="32.[151,250,1902,1926]" targetBox="[193,1395,181,1878]" targetPageId="32">
<paragraph id="8206B25D297F0D6A7DC7F8A6689CF84E" blockId="32.[151,1437,1902,1985]" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297F0D6A7DC7F8A6684FF809" bold="true" box="[151,1079,1902,1926]" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">
FIGURE 10. 
<taxonomicName id="45B9C9DE297F0D6A7C61F8A66ED7F809" authority="Bispo &amp; Willenz &amp; Hajdu, 2022" authorityName="Bispo &amp; Willenz &amp; Hajdu" authorityYear="2022" box="[305,687,1902,1926]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="32" pageNumber="233" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pellucida" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Halichoclona">
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297F0D6A7C61F8A66ED7F809" bold="true" box="[305,687,1902,1926]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="233">Haliclona (Halichoclona) pellucida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="ABFED334297F0D6A7FEAF8A66F68F809" box="[698,784,1902,1926]" pageId="32" pageNumber="233" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(MNRJ 12149, holotype).
</emphasis>
A–B, holotype alive; C, skeletal architecture in transverse ground section stained with acid fuchsine; D, detail of C; E, ectosomal skeleton architecture in tangential ground section; F–H, oxeas. Scale bars: A, 5 cm; B, 1 cm; C, 500 μm; D–E, 200 μm; F–H, 20 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8206B25D297E0D6B7D97FF5F6D5EFE7A" blockId="33.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">
Two species that are similar to 
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297E0D6B7F4BFF5F6E4FFF3F" box="[539,567,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">H.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297E0D6B7F16FF5F6F75FF3E" box="[582,781,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">
Halich.) 
<taxonomicName id="45B9C9DE297E0D6B7FF7FF5F6F75FF3E" authority="Bispo &amp; Willenz &amp; Hajdu, 2022" authorityName="Bispo &amp; Willenz &amp; Hajdu" authorityYear="2022" box="[679,781,151,177]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pellucida" status="sp. nov.">pellucida</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297E0D6B7E44FF5F6F14FF3E" bold="true" box="[788,876,151,177]" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="ABFED334297E0D6B7E44FF5F6F14FF3E" box="[788,876,151,177]" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
in shape and colour are the Easter Island endemics 
<taxonomicName id="45B9C9DE297E0D6B7DC7FF736D69FF5B" baseAuthorityName="Desqueyroux-Faundez" baseAuthorityYear="1990" box="[151,273,187,212]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="rapanui">
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297E0D6B7DC7FF736D69FF5B" box="[151,273,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">H. rapanui</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="45B9C9DE297E0D6B7C15FF736D9FFF5A" authorityName="Desqueyroux-Faundez" authorityYear="1990" box="[325,487,187,213]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="translucida">
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297E0D6B7C15FF736D9FFF5A" box="[325,487,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">H. translucida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<tableCitation id="CF3B87E6297E0D6B7CA3FF736E31FF5A" box="[499,585,187,213]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,239,504,530]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="TABLE 3. Comparative data on external morphology, anatomy, spicule length x width, and known distribution for Chalinula spp., Haliclona spp. Niphates spp. and Pachychalina spp. occurring along the Eastern Pacific and in transitional areas between the Pacific and Atlantic (Beagle Channel and Strait of Magellan). (Ecto. = ectosome; Choano. = choanosome). Sources: Wilson (1904); Thiele (1905); de Laubenfels (1926, 1930, 1932); Dickinson (1945); Sarà (1978); Desqueyroux-Faúndez (1990); Desqueyroux-Faúndez &amp; van Soest (1997); Gómez et al. (2002); Cruz-Barraza &amp; Carballo (2006, 2008); van Soest (2017); Gastaldi et al. (2018); Sim-Smith et al. (2021); present study." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D6C6E2D529570D427DC7FE306B77FDF1" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" tableUuid="D6C6E2D529570D427DC7FE306B77FDF1">Table 3</tableCitation>
). The former is close to the new species in face of its thickly encrusting habit (up to 
<quantity id="45411FB8297E0D6B7D8EFF176D54FF76" box="[222,300,223,249]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" unit="mm" value="19.0">19 mm</quantity>
thick), oscula 
<quantity id="45411FB8297E0D6B7C9CFF176E50FF76" box="[460,552,223,249]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3 mm</quantity>
wide and similar sized oxeas. However, the two species are easily distinguished based on their hispid surface, presence of ascending multispicular tracts in the choanosome, and oxeas usually modified to styles or strongyles in 
<taxonomicName id="45B9C9DE297E0D6B7F4FFEEF6F8DFECE" authority="(Desqueyroux-Faundez 1990)" baseAuthorityName="Desqueyroux-Faundez" baseAuthorityYear="1990" box="[543,1013,295,321]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="rapanui">
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297E0D6B7F4FFEEF6EE3FECF" box="[543,667,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">H. rapanui</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="E628CFAC297E0D6B7FFAFEEF6F95FECE" author="Desqueyroux-Faundez, R." box="[682,1005,295,321]" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" pagination="373 - 410" refId="ref35943" refString="Desqueyroux-Faundez, R. (1990) Sponges (Demospongiae) from Easter Island (Isla de Pascua) (South Pacific Ocean). Revue suisse de Zoologie, 97 (2), 373 - 410." type="journal article" year="1990">Desqueyroux-Faúndez 1990</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. 
<taxonomicName id="45B9C9DE297E0D6B7951FEEF6880FECE" authorityName="Desqueyroux-Faundez" authorityYear="1990" box="[1025,1272,295,321]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="translucida">
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297E0D6B7951FEEF6880FECE" box="[1025,1272,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">Haliclona translucida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is also similar to the new species, given its white to yellow colour alive, thickly encrusting habit, oscula 1.5–2.0 mm wide, and an isodictyal to isotropic reticulation with triangular or squared meshes and no spicule tracts (
<bibRefCitation id="E628CFAC297E0D6B79CDFEA76CABFE22" author="Desqueyroux-Faundez, R." pageId="33" pageNumber="234" pagination="373 - 410" refId="ref35943" refString="Desqueyroux-Faundez, R. (1990) Sponges (Demospongiae) from Easter Island (Isla de Pascua) (South Pacific Ocean). Revue suisse de Zoologie, 97 (2), 373 - 410." type="journal article" year="1990">Desqueyroux-Faúndez 1990</bibRefCitation>
). However, the latter can be differentiated from 
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297E0D6B7FB7FE5B6F7BFE23" box="[743,771,403,428]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">H.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297E0D6B7E42FE5B6F1EFE22" box="[786,870,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">Halich.</emphasis>
) 
<taxonomicName id="45B9C9DE297E0D6B7E24FE5B6FA4FE22" authority="Bispo &amp; Willenz &amp; Hajdu, 2022" authorityName="Bispo &amp; Willenz &amp; Hajdu" authorityYear="2022" box="[884,988,403,429]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pellucida" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297E0D6B7E24FE5B6FA4FE22" box="[884,988,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">pellucida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297E0D6B7EB3FE5B6843FE22" bold="true" box="[995,1083,403,429]" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="ABFED334297E0D6B7EB3FE5B6843FE22" box="[995,1083,403,429]" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
based on their non-overlapping oxeas’ dimensions, 94–116 µm long in the Easter Island species (
<bibRefCitation id="E628CFAC297E0D6B7E3DFE7F68D7FE5E" author="Desqueyroux-Faundez, R." box="[877,1199,439,465]" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" pagination="373 - 410" refId="ref35943" refString="Desqueyroux-Faundez, R. (1990) Sponges (Demospongiae) from Easter Island (Isla de Pascua) (South Pacific Ocean). Revue suisse de Zoologie, 97 (2), 373 - 410." type="journal article" year="1990">Desqueyroux-Faúndez 1990</bibRefCitation>
), and 129–184 µm in the new one.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8206B25D297E0D6B7D97FE3768FEFD7D" blockId="33.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">
<taxonomicName id="45B9C9DE297E0D6B7D97FE376DDEFD96" authority="(Halich.)" baseAuthorityName="Halich." box="[199,422,511,537]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297E0D6B7D97FE376D4FFD96" box="[199,311,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">Haliclona</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297E0D6B7C1AFE376DE5FD96" box="[330,413,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">Halich.</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="45B9C9DE297E0D6B7CFFFE376E6FFD96" authority="Bispo &amp; Willenz &amp; Hajdu, 2022" authorityName="Bispo &amp; Willenz &amp; Hajdu" authorityYear="2022" box="[431,535,511,537]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pellucida" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297E0D6B7CFFFE376E6FFD96" box="[431,535,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">pellucida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297E0D6B7F70FE376E04FD96" bold="true" box="[544,636,511,537]" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="ABFED334297E0D6B7F70FE376E04FD96" box="[544,636,511,537]" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is similarly close to 
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297E0D6B7E3EFE376FF2FD97" box="[878,906,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">H.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297E0D6B7ECCFE376F88FD96" box="[924,1008,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">Halich.</emphasis>
) 
<taxonomicName id="45B9C9DE297E0D6B7952FE3768E6FD97" authority="Bispo &amp; Willenz &amp; Hajdu, 2022" authorityName="Bispo &amp; Willenz &amp; Hajdu" authorityYear="2022" box="[1026,1182,511,536]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="arequipaensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297E0D6B7952FE3768E6FD97" box="[1026,1182,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">arequipaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297E0D6B79F7FE37697AFD96" bold="true" box="[1191,1282,511,537]" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="ABFED334297E0D6B79F7FE37697AFD96" box="[1191,1282,511,537]" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297E0D6B7842FE376956FD97" box="[1298,1326,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">H.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297E0D6B7810FE3769EBFD96" box="[1344,1427,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">Halich.</emphasis>
) 
<taxonomicName id="45B9C9DE297E0D6B7DC7FDEB6C89FDB3" authority="Bispo &amp; Willenz &amp; Hajdu, 2022" authorityName="Bispo &amp; Willenz &amp; Hajdu" authorityYear="2022" box="[151,241,547,572]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="paracas" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297E0D6B7DC7FDEB6C89FDB3" box="[151,241,547,572]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">paracas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297E0D6B7DA7FDEB6D28FDB2" bold="true" box="[247,336,547,573]" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="ABFED334297E0D6B7DA7FDEB6D28FDB2" box="[247,336,547,573]" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, 
<taxonomicName id="45B9C9DE297E0D6B7C0DFDEB6E6FFDB2" authorityName="Thiele" authorityYear="1905" box="[349,535,547,573]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Reniera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="33" pageNumber="248" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="algicola" subGenus="Re.">
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297E0D6B7C0DFDEB6D01FDB3" box="[349,377,547,572]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">H.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297E0D6B7CD7FDEB6DDDFDB3" box="[391,421,547,572]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">Re</emphasis>
.) 
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297E0D6B7CEBFDEB6E6FFDB2" box="[443,535,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">algicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="45B9C9DE297E0D6B7F02FDEB6E92FDB3" box="[594,746,547,573]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="spuma" subGenus="Soestella">
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297E0D6B7F02FDEB6E16FDB3" box="[594,622,547,572]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">H.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297E0D6B7F2DFDEB6EEAFDB2" box="[637,658,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">S.</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297E0D6B7FF1FDEB6E92FDB3" box="[673,746,547,572]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">spuma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
given their habit (overall similar shape, and somewhat similar colouration). However, 
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297E0D6B7CF3FD8F6DC7FDEF" box="[419,447,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">H.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297E0D6B7C9FFD8F6E5BFDEE" box="[463,547,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">Halich.</emphasis>
) 
<taxonomicName id="45B9C9DE297E0D6B7F63FD8F6EE3FDEE" authority="Bispo &amp; Willenz &amp; Hajdu, 2022" authorityName="Bispo &amp; Willenz &amp; Hajdu" authorityYear="2022" box="[563,667,583,609]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pellucida" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297E0D6B7F63FD8F6EE3FDEE" box="[563,667,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">pellucida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297E0D6B7FF3FD8F6E85FDEE" bold="true" box="[675,765,583,609]" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="ABFED334297E0D6B7FF3FD8F6E85FDEE" box="[675,765,583,609]" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
has a distinct translucent aspect on the surface, without the same punctate aspect present in these species (
<bibRefCitation id="E628CFAC297E0D6B7FE5FDA36F3EFD0A" author="Thiele, J." box="[693,838,618,645]" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" pagination="407 - 496" refId="ref38628" refString="Thiele, J. (1905) Die Kiesel- und Hornschwamme der Sammlung Plate. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Supplement 6 (Fauna Chilensis III), 407 - 496." type="journal article" year="1905">Thiele 1905</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="E628CFAC297E0D6B7E02FDA3682FFD0A" author="Sim-Smith, C. &amp; Hickman Jr, C. &amp; Kelly, M." box="[850,1111,619,645]" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" pagination="1 - 71" refId="ref38141" refString="Sim-Smith, C., Hickman Jr, C. &amp; Kelly, M. (2021) New shallow-water sponges (Porifera) from the Galapagos Islands. Zootaxa, 5012 (1), 1 - 71. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5012.1.1" type="journal article" year="2021">
Sim-Smith 
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297E0D6B7E87FDA3686AFD0A" box="[983,1042,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">et al.</emphasis>
2021
</bibRefCitation>
; present study). In addition, 
<taxonomicName id="45B9C9DE297E0D6B7DC7FD476D4DFD27" box="[151,309,655,681]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="spuma" subGenus="Soestella">
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297E0D6B7DC7FD476CCBFD27" box="[151,179,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">H.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297E0D6B7D95FD476CA2FD26" box="[197,218,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">S.</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297E0D6B7DBCFD476D4DFD27" box="[236,309,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">spuma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a subanisotropic reticulation with primary multispicular lines, whereas the new species has an isotropic to isodictyal reticulation (
<bibRefCitation id="E628CFAC297E0D6B7F4AFD7B6F6CFD42" author="Sim-Smith, C. &amp; Hickman Jr, C. &amp; Kelly, M." box="[538,788,691,717]" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" pagination="1 - 71" refId="ref38141" refString="Sim-Smith, C., Hickman Jr, C. &amp; Kelly, M. (2021) New shallow-water sponges (Porifera) from the Galapagos Islands. Zootaxa, 5012 (1), 1 - 71. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5012.1.1" type="journal article" year="2021">
Sim-Smith 
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297E0D6B7FCBFD7B6EAAFD42" box="[667,722,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">et al.</emphasis>
2021
</bibRefCitation>
). Finally, 
<taxonomicName id="45B9C9DE297E0D6B7ED0FD7B6842FD42" authorityName="Thiele" authorityYear="1905" box="[896,1082,691,717]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Reniera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="33" pageNumber="248" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="algicola" subGenus="Re.">
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297E0D6B7ED0FD7B6FE4FD43" box="[896,924,691,716]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">H.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297E0D6B7EFBFD7B6FB1FD43" box="[939,969,691,716]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">Re</emphasis>
.) 
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297E0D6B7E8EFD7B6842FD42" box="[990,1082,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">algicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also has longer oxeas (193–208 µm, (
<bibRefCitation id="E628CFAC297E0D6B7D82FD1F6DE3FD7E" author="Hajdu, E. &amp; Desqueyroux-Faundez, R. &amp; Carvalho, M. de &amp; Lobo-Hajdu, G. &amp; Willenz, Ph." box="[210,411,727,753]" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" pagination="1 - 64" refId="ref36388" refString="Hajdu, E., Desqueyroux-Faundez, R., Carvalho, M. de S., Lobo-Hajdu, G. &amp; Willenz, Ph. (2013) Twelve new Demospongiae (Porifera) from Chilean fjords, with remarks upon sponge-derived biogeographic compartments in the SE Pacific. Zootaxa, 3744 (1), 1 - 64. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3744.1.1" type="journal article" year="2013">
Hajdu 
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297E0D6B7C70FD1F6D20FD7E" box="[288,344,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">et al.</emphasis>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
), than those of 
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297E0D6B7F16FD1F6E1AFD7F" box="[582,610,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">H.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297E0D6B7F21FD1F6EBDFD7E" box="[625,709,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">Halich.</emphasis>
) 
<taxonomicName id="45B9C9DE297E0D6B7F85FD1F6F45FD7E" authority="Bispo &amp; Willenz &amp; Hajdu, 2022" authorityName="Bispo &amp; Willenz &amp; Hajdu" authorityYear="2022" box="[725,829,727,753]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pellucida" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297E0D6B7F85FD1F6F45FD7E" box="[725,829,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">pellucida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297E0D6B7E14FD1F6FE6FD7E" bold="true" box="[836,926,727,753]" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="ABFED334297E0D6B7E14FD1F6FE6FD7E" box="[836,926,727,753]" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(129–186 µm long).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8206B25D297E0D6B7D97FD336D81FC62" blockId="33.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">
The firm consistency of 
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297E0D6B7CB2FD336D86FC9B" box="[482,510,763,788]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">H.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297E0D6B7F40FD336E1CFC9A" box="[528,612,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">Halich.</emphasis>
) 
<taxonomicName id="45B9C9DE297E0D6B7F26FD336EA6FC9A" authority="Bispo &amp; Willenz &amp; Hajdu, 2022" authorityName="Bispo &amp; Willenz &amp; Hajdu" authorityYear="2022" box="[630,734,763,789]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pellucida" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297E0D6B7F26FD336EA6FC9A" box="[630,734,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">pellucida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297E0D6B7FB7FD336F3BFC9A" bold="true" box="[743,835,763,789]" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="ABFED334297E0D6B7FB7FD336F3BFC9A" box="[743,835,763,789]" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
warrants comparison with two other white-coloured Eastern Pacific haplosclerids, namely 
<taxonomicName id="45B9C9DE297E0D6B7F16FCD76FB7FCB6" authority="(Ristau, 1978)" baseAuthorityName="Ristau" baseAuthorityYear="1978" box="[582,975,799,825]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Xestospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="dubia">
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297E0D6B7F16FCD76F5DFCB6" box="[582,805,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">Xestospongia dubia</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="E628CFAC297E0D6B7E65FCD76FBEFCB6" author="Ristau, D. A." box="[821,966,799,825]" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" pagination="569 - 589" refId="ref37852" refString="Ristau, D. A. (1978) Six new species of shallow-water marine demosponges from California. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 91 (3), 569 - 589." type="journal article" year="1978">Ristau, 1978</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="45B9C9DE297E0D6B7957FCD76CA4FCD2" authority="(de Laubenfels, 1930)" baseAuthorityName="de Laubenfels" baseAuthorityYear="1930" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Neopetrosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vanilla">
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297E0D6B7957FCD7689DFCB6" box="[1031,1253,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">Neopetrosia vanilla</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="E628CFAC297E0D6B79A5FCD76CABFCD2" author="de Laubenfels, M. W." pageId="33" pageNumber="234" pagination="24 - 29" refId="ref35387" refString="de Laubenfels, M. W. (1930) The Sponges of California. (Abstracts of dissertations for the degree of doctor of philosophy). Stanford University Bulletin, 5 (98), 24 - 29." type="journal article" year="1930">de Laubenfels, 1930</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Both are white, encrusting, hard, and with a very dense isotropic reticulation, that in 
<taxonomicName id="45B9C9DE297E0D6B79F7FC8B697FFCD2" baseAuthorityName="Ristau" baseAuthorityYear="1978" box="[1191,1287,835,861]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Xestospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="dubia">
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297E0D6B79F7FC8B697FFCD2" box="[1191,1287,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">X. dubia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is reinforced with multispicular tracts. These features make them distinct from the new species (
<bibRefCitation id="E628CFAC297E0D6B790EFCAF693EFC0E" author="de Laubenfels, M. W." box="[1118,1350,871,897]" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" pagination="24 - 29" refId="ref35387" refString="de Laubenfels, M. W. (1930) The Sponges of California. (Abstracts of dissertations for the degree of doctor of philosophy). Stanford University Bulletin, 5 (98), 24 - 29." type="journal article" year="1930">de Laubenfels 1930</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="E628CFAC297E0D6B7805FCAF6CAAFC2A" author="Ristau, D. A." pageId="33" pageNumber="234" pagination="569 - 589" refId="ref37852" refString="Ristau, D. A. (1978) Six new species of shallow-water marine demosponges from California. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 91 (3), 569 - 589." type="journal article" year="1978">Ristau 1978</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="E628CFAC297E0D6B7D8EFC436DE8FC2A" author="Lee, W. L. &amp; Elvin, D. W. &amp; Reiswig, H. M." box="[222,400,907,933]" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" refId="ref37156" refString="Lee, W. L., Elvin, D. W. &amp; Reiswig, H. M. (2007) The Sponges of California: A Guide and Key to the Marine Sponges of California. Monterey Bay Sanctuary Foundation, Monterey, CA, 265 pp." type="book" year="2007">
Lee 
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297E0D6B7C40FC436D32FC2A" box="[272,330,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">et al.</emphasis>
2007
</bibRefCitation>
). In fact, the generic assignment of 
<taxonomicName id="45B9C9DE297E0D6B7E7AFC436FF3FC2A" baseAuthorityName="Ristau" baseAuthorityYear="1978" box="[810,907,907,933]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Xestospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="dubia">
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297E0D6B7E7AFC436FF3FC2A" box="[810,907,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">X. dubia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is not clear, with oxeas smaller than expected for 
<taxonomicName id="45B9C9DE297E0D6B7D93FC676D25FC47" authorityName="de Laubenfels" authorityYear="1932" box="[195,349,943,968]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Xestospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297E0D6B7D93FC676D25FC47" box="[195,349,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">Xestospongia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but approaching 
<taxonomicName id="45B9C9DE297E0D6B7F7FFC676ECFFC47" box="[559,695,943,968]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Neopetrosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297E0D6B7F7FFC676ECFFC47" box="[559,695,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">Neopetrosia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The similarities between 
<taxonomicName id="45B9C9DE297E0D6B7EB9FC676833FC46" baseAuthorityName="Ristau" baseAuthorityYear="1978" box="[1001,1099,943,969]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Xestospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="dubia">
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297E0D6B7EB9FC676833FC46" box="[1001,1099,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">X. dubia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="45B9C9DE297E0D6B79D6FC67688FFC46" baseAuthorityName="de Laubenfels" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[1158,1271,943,969]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Neopetrosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="33" pageNumber="234" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vanilla">
<emphasis id="B0CD6E4F297E0D6B79D6FC67688FFC46" box="[1158,1271,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="234">N. vanilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
suggests their synonymy should be evaluated.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>