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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.68.729" ID-GBIF-Dataset="84c8a2ac-d7b8-46f3-9888-ce6c1485ac65" ID-PMC="PMC3088436" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-68-1" ID-PubMed="21594036" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2010" ModsDocID="1313-2970-68-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 68" ModsDocTitle="Skeletons in confusion: a review of astrophorid sponges with (dicho)calthrops as structural megascleres (Porifera, Demospongiae, Astrophorida)" checkinTime="1451250894870" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Van Soest, Rob W. M., Beglinger, Elly J. &amp; De Voogd, Nicole J." docDate="2010" docId="EBC2B4DB8BA3125A7620ADB14277B521" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 68: 1-88" docOrigin="ZooKeys 68" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.68.729" docTitle="Dercitus (Stoeba) bahamensis Soest, Beglinger &amp; Voogd, 2010, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="29" masterDocId="5D0AFFB7C87613675E79FFF7DA38AE2E" masterDocTitle="Skeletons in confusion: a review of astrophorid sponges with (dicho-) calthrops as structural megascleres (Porifera, Demospongiae, Astrophorida)" masterLastPageNumber="88" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="28" updateTime="1668164561298" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Skeletons in confusion: a review of astrophorid sponges with (dicho-) calthrops as structural megascleres (Porifera, Demospongiae, Astrophorida)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Van Soest, Rob W. M.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Beglinger, Elly J.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>De Voogd, Nicole J.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2010</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>68</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>88</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.68.729</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.68.729</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-68-1</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="159360701" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AC0937B4-F5ED-406D-A4DC-E6DF6E331202" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EBC2B4DB8BA3125A7620ADB14277B521" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AC0937B4-F5ED-406D-A4DC-E6DF6E331202" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Dercitus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dercitus (Stoeba) bahamensis" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="bahamensis" subGenus="Stoeba">
<pageBreakToken pageId="27" pageNumber="28" start="start">Dercitus</pageBreakToken>
Stoeba bahamensis
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="27" pageNumber="28">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figs 13
<normalizedToken originalValue="AE">A-E</normalizedToken>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Dercitus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dercitus" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Dercitus</taxonomicName>
sp.;
<bibRefCitation author="Kohmoto, S" journalOrPublisher="Experientia" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" pagination="85 - 86" title="1,1 - Dimethyl- 5,6 - dihdroxylindolinium chloride from a deep water marine sponge, Dercitus sp." volume="44" year="1988">Kohmoto et al. 1988</bibRefCitation>
: 85.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="material examined">
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
Holotype HBOI 23
<normalizedToken originalValue="VIII851">-VIII-85-1-</normalizedToken>
49, (HBOM 003.00040), with schizoholotype fragment ZMA Por. 07782, Bahamas, New Providence Island, NW of Goulding Cay, 25.025°N; 77.583°W, 210 m, coll. K. Rinehart in the Johnson SeaLink submersible, 23 August 1985, don. S.A. Pomponi and M.C.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Díaz">Diaz</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
Slippery smooth encrustation on dead coral (Fig. 13A); the present material (upper part of Fig. 13A) consists of three fragments of 12
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
10, 8
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
8 and 8
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
5 mm, of approx. 1-2 mm in thickness. The holotype (lower part of Fig. 13A) is a larger
<pageBreakToken pageId="28" pageNumber="29" start="start">fragment</pageBreakToken>
of 7
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
6 cm (not examined). Colour bright red when alive, darker red in alcohol. Consistency gum-like, easy to cut.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Skeleton: a confused mass of short-shafted triaenes and sanidasters.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Spicules: calthrops-like short-shafted triaenes, dichocalthrops and sanidasters.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
Calthrops (Figs 13B, D) showing a clear rhabd, longer than the cladi, which are frequently curved or undulated or bifid. Cladi 138
<normalizedToken originalValue="166.7">-166.7-</normalizedToken>
186
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
12
<normalizedToken originalValue="22.5">-22.5-</normalizedToken>
28
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, cladomes 207
<normalizedToken originalValue="266.4">-266.4-</normalizedToken>
330
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
in diameter, rhabds 230
<normalizedToken originalValue="245.9">-245.9-</normalizedToken>
270
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
24
<normalizedToken originalValue="27.2">-27.2-</normalizedToken>
30
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
Regular symmetrical dichocalthrops (Figs 13
<normalizedToken originalValue="CD">C-D</normalizedToken>
) occur less frequently; protocladi 18
<normalizedToken originalValue="29.0">-29.0-</normalizedToken>
35
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
and deuterocladi 57
<normalizedToken originalValue="68.1">-68.1-</normalizedToken>
105
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
12
<normalizedToken originalValue="14.1">-14.1-</normalizedToken>
18
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, rhabdomes 70
<normalizedToken originalValue="141.0">-141.0-</normalizedToken>
180
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
12
<normalizedToken originalValue="20.7">-20.7-</normalizedToken>
30
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, cladomes 143
<normalizedToken originalValue="197.9">-197.9-</normalizedToken>
266
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
Sanidasters (Fig. 13E) have an overall short and squat shape. They tend to be amphiaster-like with frequently more heavily spined apices; spines usually with secondary spines. Size 12
<normalizedToken originalValue="13.3">-13.3-</normalizedToken>
15
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2
<normalizedToken originalValue="2.85">-2.85-</normalizedToken>
3.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
Figure 13.
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Dercitus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dercitus (Stoeba) bahamensis" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="bahamensis" subGenus="Stoeba">Dercitus (Stoeba) bahamensis</taxonomicName>
sp. n., A schizoholotype ZMA Por. 07782 and holotype HBOI 23
<normalizedToken originalValue="VIII851">-VIII-85-1-</normalizedToken>
49 (photo J. Reed, scale bar 1 cm), from Bahamas, New Providence Island B calthrops C dichocalthrops D overview of spicules E various sanidasters.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Named for its type locality.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="habitat">
<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Collected by submersible at 210 m depth.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Known only from the Bahamian type locality.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
This is a
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Dercitus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dercitus (Stoeba)" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Porifera" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Stoeba">Dercitus (Stoeba)</taxonomicName>
species similar to Brazilian
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Dercitus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dercitus (Stoeba) latex" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="latex" subGenus="Stoeba">Dercitus (Stoeba) latex</taxonomicName>
(Moraes &amp; Muricy, 2007) in shape, colour and consistency. It differs clearly in possessing dichocalthrops and larger unequal-claded calthrops, and the sanidasters are also clearly shaped and sized differently (long and thin with simple spines in
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Dercitus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dercitus (Stoeba) latex" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="latex" subGenus="Stoeba">Dercitus (Stoeba) latex</taxonomicName>
). The Bonaire
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Dercitus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dercitus (Stoeba)" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Porifera" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Stoeba">Dercitus (Stoeba)</taxonomicName>
specimen described below differs in being insinuating, lacking dichocalthrops and also having thin sanidasters with undivided rays.
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Dercitus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dercitus (Halinastra) lutea" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lutea" subGenus="Halinastra">Dercitus (Halinastra) lutea</taxonomicName>
(Pulitzer-Finali, 1986, see below) is yellow, lacks dichocalthrops and has compressed sanidasters in its spicule complement.
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Dercitus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dercitus (Halinastra) arubensis" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="arubensis" subGenus="Halinastra">Dercitus (Halinastra) arubensis</taxonomicName>
sp. n. (see below) differs from the new species in lacking dichocalthrops and possessing thick smooth microrhabds.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>