480 lines
77 KiB
XML
480 lines
77 KiB
XML
<document id="90C34794B6025D9E059FB598A2B52C9E" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.198936" ID-GBIF-Dataset="82ee719b-6cf2-4ce7-afb8-0a90251ebfdd" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="198936" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460318671457" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Pultyniewicz, Alan" docDate="2010" docId="9F1BCC50FFE8FFA2FF39AB366F4CFE93" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02656p054.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2656" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Blastobasis repartella Dietz 1910" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="52" masterDocId="6322B428FFEAFFA9FFAEA9646D26FFFF" masterDocTitle="Descriptions of life-stages of Blastobasis repartella (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea: Coleophoridae: Blastobasinae) and observations on its biology in switchgrass" masterLastPageNumber="54" masterPageNumber="41" pageNumber="43" updateTime="1698255643540" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="84E91F183EA056081A5047B150EBF2DC">Descriptions of life-stages of Blastobasis repartella (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea: Coleophoridae: Blastobasinae) and observations on its biology in switchgrass</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3EA0DD7EC623ACFF92FCF487AB5D199B">Pultyniewicz, Alan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="87336D49109BF7E12ACB6851E80AF6AD">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="C6D489580A44D9E7FF1C8981949D2979">2010</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="20A2B609F7A9C13713355FCCC802053A">2656</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="23D7F8982F0297C01905D63B0D7E12A2" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.198936</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="5882A9C271976CCBE2C81AC83BD7D12C" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="37A8ED4D8E4C17AE756B46BB3069F77C" type="Zenodo-Dep">198936</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="9F1BCC50FFE8FFA2FF39AB366F4CFE93" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6199106" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119402001" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6199106" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9F1BCC50FFE8FFA2FF39AB366F4CFE93" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9F1BCC50FFE8FFA2FF39AB366F4CFE93" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
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<subSubSection id="5FA82ECDFFE8FFA1FF39AB366F94FE93" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="170D7D46FFE8FFABFF39AB366F1FFD93" blockId="2.[151,569,594,620]" box="[151,569,594,620]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
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<heading id="4C45CA2AFFE8FFABFF39AB366F1FFD93" bold="true" box="[151,569,594,620]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="D0B206C5FFE8FFABFF39AB366F1FFD93" authority="Dietz 1910" authorityName="Dietz" authorityYear="1910" box="[151,569,594,620]" class="Insecta" family="Blastobasidae" genus="Blastobasis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="repartella">
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<emphasis id="25C6A154FFE8FFABFF39AB366F1FFD93" bold="true" box="[151,569,594,620]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
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<emphasis id="25C6A154FFE8FFABFF39AB366CBAFD93" bold="true" box="[151,412,594,620]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Blastobasis repartella</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="732300B7FFE8FFABFE05AB366F17FD93" author="Dietz" box="[427,561,594,620]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" refString="Dietz, W. G. (1910) Revision of the Blastobasidae of North America. Transactions of the Entomological Society of America, 36, 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1910">Dietz 1910</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="170D7D46FFE8FFABFF39ABFE68AAFCDB" blockId="2.[151,1437,666,1893]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
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<emphasis id="25C6A154FFE8FFABFF39ABFE6C45FD4B" bold="true" box="[151,355,666,692]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Adult diagnosis.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="D0B206C5FFE8FFABFEC2ABFE6F57FD4C" box="[364,625,666,691]" class="Insecta" family="Blastobasidae" genus="Blastobasis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="repartella">
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<emphasis id="25C6A154FFE8FFABFEC2ABFE6F57FD4C" box="[364,625,666,691]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Blastobasis repartella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is similar to
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<taxonomicName id="D0B206C5FFE8FFABFCA1ABFE6E84FD4C" box="[783,930,666,691]" class="Insecta" family="Blastobasidae" genus="Blastobasis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="graminea">
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<emphasis id="25C6A154FFE8FFABFCA1ABFE6E84FD4C" box="[783,930,666,691]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">B. graminea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in wing pattern, but differs from the latter species by having males with a unidentate medial process on the ventroposterior margin of the gnathos, sparse tergal setae, an absence of the dorsal strut of tegumen, an anellus of the phallus that is broadly round apically, and females with a corpus bursae lacking a small lobe on the posterior end, and by having a smaller signum.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="170D7D46FFE8FFABFF6BAA4B6E6BFC90" blockId="2.[151,1437,666,1893]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
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<emphasis id="25C6A154FFE8FFABFF6BAA4B6CECFCB6" bold="true" box="[197,458,815,841]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Adult redescription.</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="8F8961C3FFE8FFABFE72AA546F75FCB5" box="[476,595,816,842]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURES 2 − 5" captionStart-2="FIGURE 6" captionStartId-0="3.[151,255,1634,1658]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,269,1837,1861]" captionStartId-2="5.[151,255,1989,2013]" captionTargetBox-1="[175,1417,199,1784]" captionTargetId-1="figure@4.[153,1433,194,1816]" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Live adult of Blastobasis repartella." captionText-1="FIGURES 2 − 5. Wing venation and male genitalia of Blastobasis repartella. 2 − 3, venation of forewing and hindwing; 4, genital capsule; 5, phallus." captionText-2="FIGURE 6. Female genitalia." httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/198937/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Figs. 1–6</figureCitation>
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):
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<emphasis id="25C6A154FFE8FFABFDC4AA546F8DFCB6" box="[618,683,816,841]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Head</emphasis>
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: Pale grayish orange except, outer surface of labial palpus as above or grayish orange intermixed with few brown scales.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="170D7D46FFE8FFABFF6BAA1E6DC8FB63" blockId="2.[151,1437,666,1893]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
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<emphasis id="25C6A154FFE8FFABFF6BAA1E6C3FFC6C" box="[197,281,890,915]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Thorax</emphasis>
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: Scales of tegula and mesonotum pale grayish orange or pale grayish orange intermixed with a few brown scales. Legs pale grayish orange. Forewing (
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<figureCitation id="8F8961C3FFE8FFABFD5CAAC46E10FC45" box="[754,822,928,954]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1634,1658]" captionText="FIGURE 1. Live adult of Blastobasis repartella." pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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), length 3, 5.5−7.2 mm (n = 10); Ƥ, 7.0−9.1 mm (n = 15). Grayish orange to pale grayish orange intermixed with few brown scales, veins overlaid with few brown scales, appearing faintly streaked; discal cell with 2 or 3 dark-brown spots, one present or absent near midcell and two near distal end of cell; undersurface brown. Venation (
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<figureCitation id="8F8961C3FFE8FFABFC75AD746905FBD5" box="[987,1059,1040,1066]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 − 5" captionStartId="4.[151,269,1837,1861]" captionTargetBox="[175,1417,199,1784]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[153,1433,194,1816]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 2 − 5. Wing venation and male genitalia of Blastobasis repartella. 2 − 3, venation of forewing and hindwing; 4, genital capsule; 5, phallus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198937/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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), cubitus appearing 4-branched, M3 − CuA1 connate. Hindwing translucent, pale gray. Venation (
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<figureCitation id="8F8961C3FFE8FFABFC22AD516EF2FBB0" box="[908,980,1077,1103]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 − 5" captionStartId="4.[151,269,1837,1861]" captionTargetBox="[175,1417,199,1784]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[153,1433,194,1816]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 2 − 5. Wing venation and male genitalia of Blastobasis repartella. 2 − 3, venation of forewing and hindwing; 4, genital capsule; 5, phallus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198937/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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); cubitus 4-branched, closer to margin than to chorda, each vein appearing similar in length; frenulum with one acanthus in male, three acanthae in female.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="170D7D46FFE8FFABFF62ADCC68B0F97A" blockId="2.[151,1437,666,1893]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
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<emphasis id="25C6A154FFE8FFABFF62ADCC6C1DFB3E" box="[204,315,1192,1217]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Abdomen</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="8F8961C3FFE8FFABFEE5ADCC6C98FB3D" box="[331,446,1192,1218]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 2 − 5" captionStart-1="FIGURE 6" captionStartId-0="4.[151,269,1837,1861]" captionStartId-1="5.[151,255,1989,2013]" captionTargetBox-0="[175,1417,199,1784]" captionTargetId-0="figure@4.[153,1433,194,1816]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionText-0="FIGURES 2 − 5. Wing venation and male genitalia of Blastobasis repartella. 2 − 3, venation of forewing and hindwing; 4, genital capsule; 5, phallus." captionText-1="FIGURE 6. Female genitalia." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/198937/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Figs. 4–6</figureCitation>
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): Anterior 3/4 of terga 1−7 of male and 1−6 of female with 5−6 irregular, transverse rows of spiniform setae, posterior pale yellowish brown; undersurface pale yellowish brown.
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<emphasis id="25C6A154FFE8FFABFB47ADAA68BAFB18" box="[1257,1436,1230,1255]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Male Genitalia</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="8F8961C3FFE8FFABFF0EAD966C31FAF3" box="[160,279,1266,1292]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 − 5" captionStartId="4.[151,269,1837,1861]" captionTargetBox="[175,1417,199,1784]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[153,1433,194,1816]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 2 − 5. Wing venation and male genitalia of Blastobasis repartella. 2 − 3, venation of forewing and hindwing; 4, genital capsule; 5, phallus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198937/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Figs. 4–5</figureCitation>
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): Uncus sparsely setose, wide basally, gradually narrowing apically to a slightly indented apex; ventroposterior margin of gnathos unidentate medially; dorsal strut of tegumen absent; tergal setae sparse; diaphragma microtrichiate throughout, forming a pleat above phallus, extending laterally from middle to and above ventrolateral margins of proximal flange, forming an elliptical-shaped, densely microtrichiate process; microtrichiate process intermixed with spinules on ventrolateral margin; juxta bandlike; vinculum semicircular; phallus with internal support, acutely curved near apical 1/3, slightly curved near base; anellus broadened apically, bearing several conical setae.
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<emphasis id="25C6A154FFE8FFABFD4BACB76E92FA13" box="[741,948,1491,1516]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Female Genitalia</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="8F8961C3FFE8FFABFC6BACB66928FA13" box="[965,1038,1490,1516]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1989,2013]" captionText="FIGURE 6. Female genitalia." pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
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): Ovipositor telescopic, with four membranous subdivisions posterior to 8th segment; ostial opening within slightly microtrichiate membrane posterior to seventh segment; ductus bursae narrow, gradually widening anteriorly, about as long as ovipositor, anterior 1/3 lined with two rows of imbricate platelike processes; inception for ductus seminalis near posterior end of seventh segment; corpus bursae elliptical, with a small spinelike signum near midlength.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="170D7D46FFE8FFABFF6BAFF46EFFF90A" blockId="2.[151,1437,666,1893]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
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Larval diagnosis.−
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<taxonomicName id="D0B206C5FFE8FFABFE08AFF56F8FF955" box="[422,681,1681,1706]" class="Insecta" family="Blastobasidae" genus="Blastobasis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="repartella">
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<emphasis id="25C6A154FFE8FFABFE08AFF56F8FF955" box="[422,681,1681,1706]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Blastobasis repartella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is similar to
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<taxonomicName id="D0B206C5FFE8FFABFCEDAFF56EF2F955" box="[835,980,1681,1706]" class="Insecta" family="Blastobasidae" genus="Blastobasis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="graminea">
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<emphasis id="25C6A154FFE8FFABFCEDAFF56EF2F955" box="[835,980,1681,1706]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">B. graminea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in feeding habits, size, and chaetotaxy but differs from the latter species by having darker pinacula, an elliptical diffuse spot on the prothoracic shield within area between SD1, XD2, SD2, and D2, and SD1 hairlike on A8.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="170D7D46FFE8FFABFF6BAE6468B3F89A" blockId="2.[151,1437,666,1893]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
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<emphasis id="25C6A154FFE8FFABFF6BAE646C9BF8E5" bold="true" box="[197,445,1792,1818]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Larva: description.</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="8F8961C3FFE8FFABFE60AE646F72F8E5" box="[462,596,1792,1818]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 7 − 12" captionStart-1="FIGURES 13 − 16" captionStart-2="FIGURES 17 − 21" captionStartId-0="6.[151,271,1289,1313]" captionStartId-1="7.[151,271,1234,1258]" captionStartId-2="8.[151,270,1555,1579]" captionTargetBox-0="[263,1322,206,1255]" captionTargetBox-1="[264,1323,504,1202]" captionTargetBox-2="[180,1399,431,1524]" captionTargetId-0="figure@6.[257,1330,194,1267]" captionTargetId-1="figure@7.[257,1330,493,1213]" captionTargetId-2="figure@8.[162,1424,418,1534]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="7" captionTargetPageId-2="8" captionText-0="FIGURES 7 − 12. Scanning electron micrographs of larva of Blastobasis repartella. 7, head, frontal view; scale = 100 µm; 8, head, anterodorsal view; scale = 100 µm; 9, head, frontolateral view; scale = 100 µm; 10, head, ventral view; scale = 100 µm; 11, apical sensilla of left maxillary palpus; A 2 = sensillum styloconicum; A 1, A 3, M 1, M 2, L 1, L 2, L 3 = sensilla basiconica; SD = sensillum digitiform; scale = 100 µm; 12, apical sensilla of left antenna; 1 = sensilla basiconica, 2 = sensilla chaetica, 3 = sensillum styloconicum, 4 = sensullum trichodeum; scale = 100 µm." captionText-1="FIGURES 13 − 16. Scanning electron micrographs of larva of Blastobasis repartella. 13, claw of right leg on T 1; 14, spiracle and associated setae on A 1, lateral view; scale = 100 µm; 15, right proleg on A 3, ventral view; scale = 100 µm; 16, anal plate on A 10, posterior view; scale = 100 µm." captionText-2="FIGURES 17 − 21. Chaetotaxal maps and right mandible of Blastobasis repartella. 17, thorax, lateral view; 18, thorax, dorsal view; 19, A 1 − A 2, lateral view; 20, right mandible, inner view; 21, A 6 − A 10, lateral view." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/198938/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/198939/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/198940/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Figs. 7–21</figureCitation>
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): Length 8.3 – 12.0 mm (n = 59 preserved larvae). Body pale gray to white, smooth; head capsule, prothoracic shield, thoracic legs, and anal shield yellowish brown; pinacula small, brown; circular spiracles on T1 and A10 with equal diameters, slightly larger than spiracles on A1–A8.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="43CD2DCEFFE9FFAAFF39AF066F84F985" box="[151,674,1634,1658]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
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||
<paragraph id="170D7D46FFE9FFAAFF39AF066F84F985" blockId="3.[151,674,1634,1658]" box="[151,674,1634,1658]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
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<emphasis id="25C6A154FFE9FFAAFF39AF066C3FF985" bold="true" box="[151,281,1634,1658]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
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Live adult of
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<taxonomicName id="D0B206C5FFE9FFAAFE1EAF076FBDF985" box="[432,667,1635,1658]" class="Insecta" family="Blastobasidae" genus="Blastobasis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="repartella">
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<emphasis id="25C6A154FFE9FFAAFE1EAF076FBDF985" box="[432,667,1635,1658]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Blastobasis repartella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="170D7D46FFE9FFAFFF6BAFCD6C9EF911" blockId="3.[151,1437,1704,2029]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,1486,2035]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
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<emphasis id="25C6A154FFE9FFAAFF6BAFCD6C23F93D" box="[197,261,1705,1730]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Head</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="8F8961C3FFE9FFAAFEB8AFCC6C8EF93D" box="[278,424,1704,1730]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 − 12" captionStartId="6.[151,271,1289,1313]" captionTargetBox="[263,1322,206,1255]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[257,1330,194,1267]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 7 − 12. Scanning electron micrographs of larva of Blastobasis repartella. 7, head, frontal view; scale = 100 µm; 8, head, anterodorsal view; scale = 100 µm; 9, head, frontolateral view; scale = 100 µm; 10, head, ventral view; scale = 100 µm; 11, apical sensilla of left maxillary palpus; A 2 = sensillum styloconicum; A 1, A 3, M 1, M 2, L 1, L 2, L 3 = sensilla basiconica; SD = sensillum digitiform; scale = 100 µm; 12, apical sensilla of left antenna; 1 = sensilla basiconica, 2 = sensilla chaetica, 3 = sensillum styloconicum, 4 = sensullum trichodeum; scale = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198938/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Figs. 7 – 12</figureCitation>
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,
|
||
<figureCitation id="8F8961C3FFE9FFAAFE1BAFCC6CFEF93D" box="[437,472,1704,1730]" captionStart="FIGURES 17 − 21" captionStartId="8.[151,270,1555,1579]" captionTargetBox="[180,1399,431,1524]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[162,1424,418,1534]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 17 − 21. Chaetotaxal maps and right mandible of Blastobasis repartella. 17, thorax, lateral view; 18, thorax, dorsal view; 19, A 1 − A 2, lateral view; 20, right mandible, inner view; 21, A 6 − A 10, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198940/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">20</figureCitation>
|
||
): Hypognathous; epicranial suture extending to epicranial notch, beyond apex of frons, dividing head into two hemispheres; adfrontal sclerites delimiting frons; frons widened basally, gradually narrowing to apex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8F8961C3FFE9FFAAFE53AF976F6EF8F2" box="[509,584,1779,1805]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 − 12" captionStartId="6.[151,271,1289,1313]" captionTargetBox="[263,1322,206,1255]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[257,1330,194,1267]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 7 − 12. Scanning electron micrographs of larva of Blastobasis repartella. 7, head, frontal view; scale = 100 µm; 8, head, anterodorsal view; scale = 100 µm; 9, head, frontolateral view; scale = 100 µm; 10, head, ventral view; scale = 100 µm; 11, apical sensilla of left maxillary palpus; A 2 = sensillum styloconicum; A 1, A 3, M 1, M 2, L 1, L 2, L 3 = sensilla basiconica; SD = sensillum digitiform; scale = 100 µm; 12, apical sensilla of left antenna; 1 = sensilla basiconica, 2 = sensilla chaetica, 3 = sensillum styloconicum, 4 = sensullum trichodeum; scale = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198938/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
); AF2s slightly above or at same level of apex of frons; AF2 and AF1 about same lengths, slightly shorter than F1; distance between AF1 and AF2 about
|
||
<date id="630C5B86FFE9FFAAFBDFAE7C69A8F8CD" box="[1137,1166,1816,1842]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">3x</date>
|
||
distance between AF1 and F1; distance between F1 and AF1 about
|
||
<date id="630C5B86FFE9FFAAFD02AE596FEFF8A8" box="[684,713,1853,1879]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">3x</date>
|
||
distance between F1 and C2; C1 slightly longer than C2; P1 and A1 longest cranial setae; P1 about
|
||
<date id="630C5B86FFE9FFAAFDD3AE076FBDF882" box="[637,667,1891,1917]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">4x</date>
|
||
length of P2, both below AF2, P2 slightly dorsal to P1; P
|
||
<quantity id="D04AD0A3FFE9FFAAFAC3AE0768BBF882" box="[1389,1437,1891,1917]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
|
||
straight diagonal line with MD1 and MD2 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8F8961C3FFE9FFAAFD0AAEEC6FCAF85D" box="[676,748,1928,1954]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 − 12" captionStartId="6.[151,271,1289,1313]" captionTargetBox="[263,1322,206,1255]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[257,1330,194,1267]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 7 − 12. Scanning electron micrographs of larva of Blastobasis repartella. 7, head, frontal view; scale = 100 µm; 8, head, anterodorsal view; scale = 100 µm; 9, head, frontolateral view; scale = 100 µm; 10, head, ventral view; scale = 100 µm; 11, apical sensilla of left maxillary palpus; A 2 = sensillum styloconicum; A 1, A 3, M 1, M 2, L 1, L 2, L 3 = sensilla basiconica; SD = sensillum digitiform; scale = 100 µm; 12, apical sensilla of left antenna; 1 = sensilla basiconica, 2 = sensilla chaetica, 3 = sensillum styloconicum, 4 = sensullum trichodeum; scale = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198938/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
); L1 about length of and posteroventral to A3; A3 above stemmata 1–2; A1 about 1/3 longer than A2, in near straight line with C2 setae, both perpendicular to median longitudinal axis; of six stemmata, five stemmata (1–4 and 6) in a semicircle, stemmata 3–4 approximate; stemma 5 beneath antenna (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8F8961C3FFECFFAFFE48ACAA6F16FA17" box="[486,560,1486,1512]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 − 12" captionStartId="6.[151,271,1289,1313]" captionTargetBox="[263,1322,206,1255]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[257,1330,194,1267]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 7 − 12. Scanning electron micrographs of larva of Blastobasis repartella. 7, head, frontal view; scale = 100 µm; 8, head, anterodorsal view; scale = 100 µm; 9, head, frontolateral view; scale = 100 µm; 10, head, ventral view; scale = 100 µm; 11, apical sensilla of left maxillary palpus; A 2 = sensillum styloconicum; A 1, A 3, M 1, M 2, L 1, L 2, L 3 = sensilla basiconica; SD = sensillum digitiform; scale = 100 µm; 12, apical sensilla of left antenna; 1 = sensilla basiconica, 2 = sensilla chaetica, 3 = sensillum styloconicum, 4 = sensullum trichodeum; scale = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198938/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
); S2 beneath stemma 1, about
|
||
<date id="630C5B86FFECFFAFFC0DACAA6EE7FA17" box="[931,961,1486,1512]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">3x</date>
|
||
longer than S1 and S3 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8F8961C3FFECFFAFFB48ACAA6819FA17" box="[1254,1343,1486,1512]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 − 12" captionStartId="6.[151,271,1289,1313]" captionTargetBox="[263,1322,206,1255]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[257,1330,194,1267]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 7 − 12. Scanning electron micrographs of larva of Blastobasis repartella. 7, head, frontal view; scale = 100 µm; 8, head, anterodorsal view; scale = 100 µm; 9, head, frontolateral view; scale = 100 µm; 10, head, ventral view; scale = 100 µm; 11, apical sensilla of left maxillary palpus; A 2 = sensillum styloconicum; A 1, A 3, M 1, M 2, L 1, L 2, L 3 = sensilla basiconica; SD = sensillum digitiform; scale = 100 µm; 12, apical sensilla of left antenna; 1 = sensilla basiconica, 2 = sensilla chaetica, 3 = sensillum styloconicum, 4 = sensullum trichodeum; scale = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198938/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
); S3 on lower aspect of gena, and posterolateral of SS3; S2 slightly beneath and between stemmata 2–3; SS1 beneath antenna; SS2 between stemmata 5–6; SS3 posterior to and closer to midline than SS2; labrum with six pairs of setae, two subequal pairs medially; two subequal pairs along proximolateral margin, and two pairs of equal lengths along margin lateral to notch; mandible with two large dentitions flanked by two smaller dentitions, and bearing two subequal setae dorsally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8F8961C3FFECFFAFFDD6AFED6FE9F95C" box="[632,719,1673,1699]" captionStart="FIGURES 17 − 21" captionStartId="8.[151,270,1555,1579]" captionTargetBox="[180,1399,431,1524]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[162,1424,418,1534]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 17 − 21. Chaetotaxal maps and right mandible of Blastobasis repartella. 17, thorax, lateral view; 18, thorax, dorsal view; 19, A 1 − A 2, lateral view; 20, right mandible, inner view; 21, A 6 − A 10, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198940/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
|
||
); sensilla of maxillary palpus as in
|
||
<figureCitation id="8F8961C3FFECFFAFFBC4AFED699AF95C" box="[1130,1212,1673,1699]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 − 12" captionStartId="6.[151,271,1289,1313]" captionTargetBox="[263,1322,206,1255]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[257,1330,194,1267]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 7 − 12. Scanning electron micrographs of larva of Blastobasis repartella. 7, head, frontal view; scale = 100 µm; 8, head, anterodorsal view; scale = 100 µm; 9, head, frontolateral view; scale = 100 µm; 10, head, ventral view; scale = 100 µm; 11, apical sensilla of left maxillary palpus; A 2 = sensillum styloconicum; A 1, A 3, M 1, M 2, L 1, L 2, L 3 = sensilla basiconica; SD = sensillum digitiform; scale = 100 µm; 12, apical sensilla of left antenna; 1 = sensilla basiconica, 2 = sensilla chaetica, 3 = sensillum styloconicum, 4 = sensullum trichodeum; scale = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198938/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
sensilla of antenna as in
|
||
<figureCitation id="8F8961C3FFECFFAFFF76AFCA6C16F937" box="[216,304,1710,1736]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 − 12" captionStartId="6.[151,271,1289,1313]" captionTargetBox="[263,1322,206,1255]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[257,1330,194,1267]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 7 − 12. Scanning electron micrographs of larva of Blastobasis repartella. 7, head, frontal view; scale = 100 µm; 8, head, anterodorsal view; scale = 100 µm; 9, head, frontolateral view; scale = 100 µm; 10, head, ventral view; scale = 100 µm; 11, apical sensilla of left maxillary palpus; A 2 = sensillum styloconicum; A 1, A 3, M 1, M 2, L 1, L 2, L 3 = sensilla basiconica; SD = sensillum digitiform; scale = 100 µm; 12, apical sensilla of left antenna; 1 = sensilla basiconica, 2 = sensilla chaetica, 3 = sensillum styloconicum, 4 = sensullum trichodeum; scale = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198938/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
; posterior part of labium with two divergent setae slightly anterior to submental pit; spinneret cylindrical and elongate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="43CD2DCEFFEEFFADFF39AE496C95F89B" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198937/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" targetBox="[175,1417,199,1784]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="170D7D46FFEEFFADFF39AE496C95F89B" blockId="4.[151,1436,1837,1892]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="25C6A154FFEEFFADFF39AE496C62F8BA" bold="true" box="[151,324,1837,1861]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">FIGURES 2−5.</emphasis>
|
||
Wing venation and male genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0B206C5FFEEFFADFD7AAE4A6E99F8BA" box="[724,959,1838,1861]" class="Insecta" family="Blastobasidae" genus="Blastobasis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="repartella">
|
||
<emphasis id="25C6A154FFEEFFADFD7AAE4A6E99F8BA" box="[724,959,1838,1861]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">Blastobasis repartella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. 2−3, venation of forewing and hindwing; 4, genital capsule; 5, phallus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="43CD2DCEFFEFFFACFF39AEA16CFEF822" box="[151,472,1989,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<paragraph id="170D7D46FFEFFFACFF39AEA16CFEF822" blockId="5.[151,472,1989,2013]" box="[151,472,1989,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="25C6A154FFEFFFACFF39AEA16C3FF822" bold="true" box="[151,281,1989,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Female genitalia.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="43CD2DCEFFECFFAFFF39AC6D6959FA5F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198938/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" targetBox="[263,1322,206,1255]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="170D7D46FFECFFAFFF39AC6D6959FA5F" blockId="6.[151,1436,1289,1440]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis id="25C6A154FFECFFAFFF39AC6D6C73FADE" bold="true" box="[151,341,1289,1313]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">FIGURES 7−12.</emphasis>
|
||
Scanning electron micrographs of
|
||
<emphasis id="25C6A154FFECFFAFFD7AAC6D6906FADF" box="[724,1056,1289,1312]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
|
||
larva of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0B206C5FFECFFAFFC9FAC6D6906FADF" box="[817,1056,1289,1312]" class="Insecta" family="Blastobasidae" genus="Blastobasis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="repartella">Blastobasis repartella</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. 7, head, frontal view; scale = 100 µm; 8, head, anterodorsal view; scale = 100 µm; 9, head, frontolateral view; scale = 100 µm; 10, head, ventral view; scale = 100 µm; 11, apical sensilla of left maxillary palpus; A2 = sensillum styloconicum; A1, A3, M1, M2, L1, L2, L3 = sensilla basiconica; SD = sensillum digitiform; scale = 100 µm; 12, apical sensilla of left antenna; 1 = sensilla basiconica, 2 = sensilla chaetica, 3 = sensillum styloconicum, 4 = sensullum trichodeum; scale = 100 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="170D7D46FFECFFAEFF6BAF9D6836FE48" blockId="6.[151,1437,1486,2035]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1438,152,439]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis id="25C6A154FFECFFAFFF6BAF9D6C3DF8ED" box="[197,283,1785,1810]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
: T1(
|
||
<figureCitation id="8F8961C3FFECFFAFFEFDAF9D6C9FF8EC" box="[339,441,1785,1811]" captionStart="FIGURES 13 − 16" captionStartId="7.[151,271,1234,1258]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,504,1202]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[257,1330,493,1213]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 13 − 16. Scanning electron micrographs of larva of Blastobasis repartella. 13, claw of right leg on T 1; 14, spiracle and associated setae on A 1, lateral view; scale = 100 µm; 15, right proleg on A 3, ventral view; scale = 100 µm; 16, anal plate on A 10, posterior view; scale = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198939/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Figs. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="8F8961C3FFECFFAFFE69AF9D6F30F8EC" box="[455,534,1785,1811]" captionStart="FIGURES 17 − 21" captionStartId="8.[151,270,1555,1579]" captionTargetBox="[180,1399,431,1524]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[162,1424,418,1534]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 17 − 21. Chaetotaxal maps and right mandible of Blastobasis repartella. 17, thorax, lateral view; 18, thorax, dorsal view; 19, A 1 − A 2, lateral view; 20, right mandible, inner view; 21, A 6 − A 10, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198940/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">17–18</figureCitation>
|
||
): Prothoracic shield dark brown on posterior 1/3 and along lateral margins, paler to anterior margin, a pale diffuse, elliptical spot on each side of shield within area between SD1, XD2, SD2, and D2 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8F8961C3FFECFFAFFEE8AE206CFFF8A1" box="[326,473,1860,1886]" captionStart="FIGURES 17 − 21" captionStartId="8.[151,270,1555,1579]" captionTargetBox="[180,1399,431,1524]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[162,1424,418,1534]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 17 − 21. Chaetotaxal maps and right mandible of Blastobasis repartella. 17, thorax, lateral view; 18, thorax, dorsal view; 19, A 1 − A 2, lateral view; 20, right mandible, inner view; 21, A 6 − A 10, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198940/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Figs. 17–18</figureCitation>
|
||
); shield with six pairs of setae; SD1, XD2, and XD1 along anterior margin in a straight line; XD2 and XD1 about equal in lengths, about shorter than SD1; SD2 shortest seta, slightly closer to SD1 than to XD2; D2 longest seta, slightly posterior to SD2, posterior and between XD2 and XD1, forming a large triangle; D1 slightly longer than SD2, posterior to D2 and closer to median longitudinal axis than XD1; L-group trisetose, in a straight line, with L2 about length of L1 (both pointing anteriorly) and L3 (pointing posteriorly) about 1/3 length of L1; MV2 anterior to SV-group; SV1 about
|
||
<date id="630C5B86FFEDFFAEFBB1A9FC691AFF4D" box="[1055,1084,152,178]" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">2x</date>
|
||
length of SV2, both setae on same or separate pinacula; coxae and
|
||
<date id="630C5B86FFEDFFAEFDF0A9D96FA5FF28" box="[606,643,189,215]" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">V1</date>
|
||
s approximate, about closer than on T2–T3 (not shown); pretarsus with two setae above claw and two setae beneath claw (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8F8961C3FFEDFFAEFC89A9866E58FF03" box="[807,894,226,252]" captionStart="FIGURES 13 − 16" captionStartId="7.[151,271,1234,1258]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,504,1202]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[257,1330,493,1213]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 13 − 16. Scanning electron micrographs of larva of Blastobasis repartella. 13, claw of right leg on T 1; 14, spiracle and associated setae on A 1, lateral view; scale = 100 µm; 15, right proleg on A 3, ventral view; scale = 100 µm; 16, anal plate on A 10, posterior view; scale = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198939/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
). T2–T3 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8F8961C3FFEDFFAEFC5AA98669A3FF03" box="[1012,1157,226,252]" captionStart="FIGURES 17 − 21" captionStartId="8.[151,270,1555,1579]" captionTargetBox="[180,1399,431,1524]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[162,1424,418,1534]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 17 − 21. Chaetotaxal maps and right mandible of Blastobasis repartella. 17, thorax, lateral view; 18, thorax, dorsal view; 19, A 1 − A 2, lateral view; 20, right mandible, inner view; 21, A 6 − A 10, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198940/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">Figs. 17–18</figureCitation>
|
||
): D2 about
|
||
<date id="630C5B86FFEDFFAEFAA0A986680DFF03" box="[1294,1323,226,252]" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">3x</date>
|
||
length of D1, each on same pinaculum; MD1 slightly above D-group pinaculum; MSD1 and MSD2 on same pinaculum, slightly below D-Group pinaculum; SD2 about
|
||
<date id="630C5B86FFEDFFAEFCE0A8496E4DFEB8" box="[846,875,301,327]" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">3x</date>
|
||
length of SD1, both on same pinaculum ventral and slightly anterior to D-group pinaculum; L1 about
|
||
<date id="630C5B86FFEDFFAEFCE9A8366E40FE93" box="[839,870,338,364]" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">3x</date>
|
||
length of L2, both setae on same pinaculum anteroventral to SD-group pinaculum; L3 equal in length to L2, dorsoposterior to L1–L2 pinaculum, and anterior to or in straight line with SV1; SV1 about same length as L1; MV1 dorsoanterior to SV1.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="43CD2DCEFFEDFFAEFF39ADB66FFAFAD6" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198939/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="48" targetBox="[264,1323,504,1202]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="170D7D46FFEDFFAEFF39ADB66FFAFAD6" blockId="7.[151,1436,1234,1321]" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="25C6A154FFEDFFAEFF39ADB66C45FB15" bold="true" box="[151,355,1234,1258]" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">FIGURES 13−16.</emphasis>
|
||
Scanning electron micrographs of larva of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0B206C5FFEDFFAEFCECADB66912FB16" box="[834,1076,1234,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Blastobasidae" genus="Blastobasis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="repartella">
|
||
<emphasis id="25C6A154FFEDFFAEFCECADB66912FB16" box="[834,1076,1234,1257]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">Blastobasis repartella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. 13, claw of right leg on T1; 14, spiracle and associated setae on A1, lateral view; scale = 100 µm; 15, right proleg on A3, ventral view; scale = 100 µm; 16, anal plate on A10, posterior view; scale = 100 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="170D7D46FFEDFFAEFF6BAC3C6CAAF8A8" blockId="7.[151,1437,1368,2028]" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="25C6A154FFEDFFAEFF6BAC3C6C1BFA8E" box="[197,317,1368,1393]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
: A1–A2 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8F8961C3FFEDFFAEFE11AC3C6F7BFA8D" box="[447,605,1368,1394]" captionStart="FIGURES 13 − 16" captionStartId="7.[151,271,1234,1258]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,504,1202]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[257,1330,493,1213]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 13 − 16. Scanning electron micrographs of larva of Blastobasis repartella. 13, claw of right leg on T 1; 14, spiracle and associated setae on A 1, lateral view; scale = 100 µm; 15, right proleg on A 3, ventral view; scale = 100 µm; 16, anal plate on A 10, posterior view; scale = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198939/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">Figs. 14–16</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="8F8961C3FFEDFFAEFDC2AC3C6FE5FA8D" box="[620,707,1368,1394]" captionStart="FIGURES 17 − 21" captionStartId="8.[151,270,1555,1579]" captionTargetBox="[180,1399,431,1524]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[162,1424,418,1534]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 17 − 21. Chaetotaxal maps and right mandible of Blastobasis repartella. 17, thorax, lateral view; 18, thorax, dorsal view; 19, A 1 − A 2, lateral view; 20, right mandible, inner view; 21, A 6 − A 10, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198940/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">19, 21</figureCitation>
|
||
): D2 posteroventral to and about
|
||
<date id="630C5B86FFEDFFAEFBD4AC3C69BCFA8D" box="[1146,1178,1368,1394]" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">2x</date>
|
||
length of D1; MD1 anteroventral to D2; SD-setae on same pinaculum above spiracle; SD1 about equal in length to D2, SD2 minute (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8F8961C3FFEDFFAEFF52ACC66CB6FA43" box="[252,400,1442,1468]" captionStart="FIGURES 17 − 21" captionStartId="8.[151,270,1555,1579]" captionTargetBox="[180,1399,431,1524]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[162,1424,418,1534]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 17 − 21. Chaetotaxal maps and right mandible of Blastobasis repartella. 17, thorax, lateral view; 18, thorax, dorsal view; 19, A 1 − A 2, lateral view; 20, right mandible, inner view; 21, A 6 − A 10, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198940/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">Figs. 19, 21</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="8F8961C3FFEDFFAEFE30ACC66C9AFA43" box="[414,444,1442,1468]" captionStart="FIGURES 13 − 16" captionStartId="7.[151,271,1234,1258]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,504,1202]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[257,1330,493,1213]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 13 − 16. Scanning electron micrographs of larva of Blastobasis repartella. 13, claw of right leg on T 1; 14, spiracle and associated setae on A 1, lateral view; scale = 100 µm; 15, right proleg on A 3, ventral view; scale = 100 µm; 16, anal plate on A 10, posterior view; scale = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198939/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">14</figureCitation>
|
||
(enlarged); L2 about length of SD1, about
|
||
<date id="630C5B86FFEDFFAEFC62ACC66ECFFA43" box="[972,1001,1442,1468]" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">2x</date>
|
||
longer than L1, both setae on same pinaculum beneath spiracle; L3 about same length as L2, in near vertical line with D2; MV1 dorsoanterior to L3; SV-group trisetose, transverse to vertical line;
|
||
<date id="630C5B86FFEDFFAEFCA9AC896E0FF9F8" box="[775,809,1517,1543]" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">V1</date>
|
||
-group as in T2–T3, except on larger pinacula (not shown); A3–A6 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8F8961C3FFEDFFAEFEC5AF766CF4F9D3" box="[363,466,1554,1580]" captionStart="FIGURES 13 − 16" captionStartId="7.[151,271,1234,1258]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,504,1202]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[257,1330,493,1213]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 13 − 16. Scanning electron micrographs of larva of Blastobasis repartella. 13, claw of right leg on T 1; 14, spiracle and associated setae on A 1, lateral view; scale = 100 µm; 15, right proleg on A 3, ventral view; scale = 100 µm; 16, anal plate on A 10, posterior view; scale = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198939/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">Figs. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="8F8961C3FFEDFFAEFE4EAF766F25F9D3" box="[480,515,1554,1580]" captionStart="FIGURES 17 − 21" captionStartId="8.[151,270,1555,1579]" captionTargetBox="[180,1399,431,1524]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[162,1424,418,1534]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 17 − 21. Chaetotaxal maps and right mandible of Blastobasis repartella. 17, thorax, lateral view; 18, thorax, dorsal view; 19, A 1 − A 2, lateral view; 20, right mandible, inner view; 21, A 6 − A 10, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198940/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">21</figureCitation>
|
||
): as above except, SV-group in a triangular pattern, each seta on a separate pinaculum; planta of prolegs bearing uniserial crochets, uniordinal in a circle (as in
|
||
<figureCitation id="8F8961C3FFEDFFAEFB0CAF5C69DCF9AD" box="[1186,1274,1592,1618]" captionStart="FIGURES 13 − 16" captionStartId="7.[151,271,1234,1258]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,504,1202]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[257,1330,493,1213]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 13 − 16. Scanning electron micrographs of larva of Blastobasis repartella. 13, claw of right leg on T 1; 14, spiracle and associated setae on A 1, lateral view; scale = 100 µm; 15, right proleg on A 3, ventral view; scale = 100 µm; 16, anal plate on A 10, posterior view; scale = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198939/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
) or biordinal mesally, gradually shortening laterally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8F8961C3FFEDFFAEFDC4AF396FE7F988" box="[618,705,1629,1655]" captionStart="FIGURES 13 − 16" captionStartId="7.[151,271,1234,1258]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,504,1202]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[257,1330,493,1213]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 13 − 16. Scanning electron micrographs of larva of Blastobasis repartella. 13, claw of right leg on T 1; 14, spiracle and associated setae on A 1, lateral view; scale = 100 µm; 15, right proleg on A 3, ventral view; scale = 100 µm; 16, anal plate on A 10, posterior view; scale = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198939/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
); A7: as above except, SV-group bisetose, with SV1 about
|
||
<date id="630C5B86FFEDFFAEFAD1AF3968BAF988" box="[1407,1436,1629,1655]" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">2x</date>
|
||
length of SV2; A8 as above except, SD1 hairlike, SD2 absent, SV-group unisetose, and
|
||
<date id="630C5B86FFEDFFAEFB14AFE669F9F963" box="[1210,1247,1666,1692]" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">V1</date>
|
||
s slightly closer (not shown); A9 with D2 and D1 approximate, with the latter more ventral; D2, SD1, L2, and L
|
||
<quantity id="D04AD0A3FFEDFFAEFB51AFCC680EF93D" box="[1279,1320,1704,1730]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="7" pageNumber="48" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
|
||
a straight line, anterior to L3 and SV1; MV1 not observed;
|
||
<date id="630C5B86FFEDFFAEFD4FAFA96E20F918" box="[737,774,1741,1767]" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">V1</date>
|
||
s slightly farther apart than
|
||
<date id="630C5B86FFEDFFAEFBE5AFA96956F918" box="[1099,1136,1741,1767]" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">V1</date>
|
||
s on other segments; A10 with shield bearing four pairs of setae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8F8961C3FFEDFFAEFDF1AF966F99F8F3" box="[607,703,1778,1804]" captionStart="FIGURES 13 − 16" captionStartId="7.[151,271,1234,1258]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,504,1202]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[257,1330,493,1213]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 13 − 16. Scanning electron micrographs of larva of Blastobasis repartella. 13, claw of right leg on T 1; 14, spiracle and associated setae on A 1, lateral view; scale = 100 µm; 15, right proleg on A 3, ventral view; scale = 100 µm; 16, anal plate on A 10, posterior view; scale = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198939/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">Figs. 16</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="8F8961C3FFEDFFAEFD62AF966FCAF8F3" box="[716,748,1778,1804]" captionStart="FIGURES 17 − 21" captionStartId="8.[151,270,1555,1579]" captionTargetBox="[180,1399,431,1524]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[162,1424,418,1534]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 17 − 21. Chaetotaxal maps and right mandible of Blastobasis repartella. 17, thorax, lateral view; 18, thorax, dorsal view; 19, A 1 − A 2, lateral view; 20, right mandible, inner view; 21, A 6 − A 10, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198940/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">21</figureCitation>
|
||
); SD1 and SD2 about equal in lengths, slightly longer than D1 and D2; D2 slightly decumbent; D1s in straight line with SD2s; prolegs with crochets uniordinal (as in
|
||
<figureCitation id="8F8961C3FFEDFFAEFF39AE596DCCF8A8" box="[151,234,1853,1879]" captionStart="FIGURES 13 − 16" captionStartId="7.[151,271,1234,1258]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,504,1202]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[257,1330,493,1213]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 13 − 16. Scanning electron micrographs of larva of Blastobasis repartella. 13, claw of right leg on T 1; 14, spiracle and associated setae on A 1, lateral view; scale = 100 µm; 15, right proleg on A 3, ventral view; scale = 100 µm; 16, anal plate on A 10, posterior view; scale = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198939/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
|
||
) or biordinal.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="170D7D46FFEDFFA1FF6BAE066F49FF28" blockId="7.[151,1437,1368,2028]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1437,152,364]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="25C6A154FFEDFFAEFF6BAE066C36F883" bold="true" box="[197,272,1890,1916]" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">Pupa.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="8F8961C3FFEDFFAEFE8CAE066C9BF883" box="[290,445,1890,1916]" captionStart="FIGURES 22 − 23" captionStartId="9.[151,269,1344,1368]" captionTargetBox="[276,1307,207,1309]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[268,1318,194,1322]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 22 − 23. Pupa of Blastobasis repartella. 22, ventral view; 23, lateral view (“ maxilla is proboscis)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198941/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">Figs. 22–23</figureCitation>
|
||
): Length 5.5–6.2 mm (n = 6): yellowish brown; antennal sclerite widely curved laterally from vertex, extending caudally, converging beyond junction of maxillary sclerites, extending in parallel slightly before wing margins, apically diverging, exposing apices of metathoracic legs; prothoracic leg sclerites extending before apices of maxillae; mesothoracic leg sclerites surrounding caudolateral margins of prothoracic leg sclerites; prothoracic femoral sclerites about length of maxillae; abdominal spiracles protuberant; scars of prolegs on A5–A6.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="170D7D46FFE2FFA1FF68A9866F94FE93" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,364]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis id="25C6A154FFE2FFA1FF68A9866CBCFF03" bold="true" box="[198,410,226,252]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<typeStatus id="C809C3E4FFE2FFA1FF68A9866C29FF03" box="[198,271,226,252]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Types</typeStatus>
|
||
examined.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<typeStatus id="C809C3E4FFE2FFA1FE08A9866F3DFF03" box="[422,539,226,252]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
ɗ,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0B206C5FFE2FFA1FDE2A9866EC6FF03" authority="Dietz, 1910" authorityName="Dietz" authorityYear="1910" box="[588,992,226,252]" class="Insecta" family="Blastobasidae" genus="Valentinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="repartella">
|
||
<emphasis id="25C6A154FFE2FFA1FDE2A9866E65FF04" box="[588,835,226,251]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Valentinia repartella</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="732300B7FFE2FFA1FCE0A9866EC6FF03" author="Dietz" box="[846,992,226,252]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" refString="Dietz, W. G. (1910) Revision of the Blastobasidae of North America. Transactions of the Entomological Society of America, 36, 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1910">Dietz, 1910</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: Denver Colorado, USNM Genitalia slide 80987;
|
||
<typeStatus id="C809C3E4FFE2FFA1FE9CA86C6C86FEDD" box="[306,416,264,290]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
Ψ,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0B206C5FFE2FFA1FE62A86C6EB5FEDD" authority="Adamski, 1999" authorityName="Adamski" authorityYear="1999" box="[460,915,264,290]" class="Insecta" family="Blastobasidae" genus="Blastobasis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="graminea">
|
||
<emphasis id="25C6A154FFE2FFA1FE62A86C6FF6FEDE" box="[460,720,264,289]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Blastobasis graminea</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="732300B7FFE2FFA1FD76A86C6EB5FEDD" author="Adamski" box="[728,915,264,290]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" refString="Adamski, D. (1999) Blastobasis graminea, new species (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea: Coleophoridae: Blastobasinae), a stem borer of sugar cane in Colombia and Venezuela. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 101, 164 - 174." type="journal article" year="1999">Adamski, 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: Palmira, Cauca Valley,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6FA53DD6FFE2FFA1FB19A86C6816FEDD" box="[1207,1328,264,290]" name="Colombia" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Primary
|
||
<typeStatus id="C809C3E4FFE2FFA1FF39A8496DF3FEB8" box="[151,213,301,327]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">types</typeStatus>
|
||
and larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0B206C5FFE2FFA1FED0A8496F29FEB9" box="[382,527,301,326]" class="Insecta" family="Blastobasidae" genus="Blastobasis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="graminea">
|
||
<emphasis id="25C6A154FFE2FFA1FED0A8496F29FEB9" box="[382,527,301,326]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">B. graminea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from same location of
|
||
<typeStatus id="C809C3E4FFE2FFA1FC8CA8496EAEFEB8" box="[802,904,301,327]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
were examined at the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6FA53DD6FFE2FFA1FB3CA8496809FEB8" box="[1170,1327,301,327]" name="United States of America" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">United States</collectingCountry>
|
||
National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="43CD2DCEFFE2FFA1FF39AF7769B1F9B4" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198940/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" targetBox="[180,1399,431,1524]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="170D7D46FFE2FFA1FF39AF7769B1F9B4" blockId="8.[151,1436,1555,1611]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis id="25C6A154FFE2FFA1FF39AF776C47F9D4" bold="true" box="[151,353,1555,1579]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">FIGURES 17−21.</emphasis>
|
||
Chaetotaxal maps and right mandible of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0B206C5FFE2FFA1FC8CAF706936F9D4" box="[802,1040,1556,1579]" class="Insecta" family="Blastobasidae" genus="Blastobasis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="repartella">
|
||
<emphasis id="25C6A154FFE2FFA1FC8CAF706936F9D4" box="[802,1040,1556,1579]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Blastobasis repartella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. 17, thorax, lateral view; 18, thorax, dorsal view; 19, A1−A2, lateral view; 20, right mandible, inner view; 21, A6−A10, lateral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="5FA82ECDFFE2FFA1FF6BAF1D6F40F81C" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="170D7D46FFE2FFA1FF6BAF1D6CCAF866" blockId="8.[151,1437,1657,2019]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis id="25C6A154FFE2FFA1FF6BAF1D6C43F96C" bold="true" box="[197,357,1657,1683]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0B206C5FFE2FFA1FEC3AF1D6F57F96D" box="[365,625,1657,1682]" class="Insecta" family="Blastobasidae" genus="Blastobasis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="repartella">
|
||
<emphasis id="25C6A154FFE2FFA1FEC3AF1D6F57F96D" box="[365,625,1657,1682]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Blastobasis repartella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was known only from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="C809C3E4FFE2FFA1FC01AF1D6EC4F96C" box="[943,994,1657,1683]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality, Denver, Colorado for nearly 100 years until it was rediscovered recently from farm locations in Brookings, Hughes, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6FA53DD6FFE2FFA1FA83AFFB68BBF946" box="[1325,1437,1695,1721]" name="Marshall Islands" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Marshall</collectingCountry>
|
||
Counties, South Dakota (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8F8961C3FFE2FFA1FE10AFA06F30F921" box="[446,534,1732,1758]" captionStart="FIGURES 24 − 29" captionStartId="10.[151,270,1831,1855]" captionTargetBox="[265,1321,493,1809]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[265,1321,493,1810]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 24 − 29. Habitat, larva, damage, pupa, and male adults of Blastobasis repartella. 24, switchgrass plots on the Aurora Farm in South Dakota; 25, arrow pointing to dead tiller of switchgrass plant caused by stem-boring larva of B. repartella; 26, larva in proaxis of switchgrass plant; 27, pupa within stem of switchgrass; 28, cages placed in switchgrass plots in South Dakota; 29, males of Blastobasis repartella congregated on screen of field cages containing calling females." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198942/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
|
||
), and later from Champaign County, Illinois. A regional survey in the central
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6FA53DD6FFE2FFA1FF39AF8D6C11F8FC" box="[151,311,1769,1795]" name="United States of America" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">United States</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="732300B7FFE2FFA1FEE9AF8D6F1FF8FC" author="Prasifka" box="[327,569,1769,1795]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" refString="Prasifka, J. R., Bradshaw, J. D., Boe, A. A., Lee, D. K., Adamski, D. & Gray, M. E. (2009) Symptoms, distribution and abundance of the stem-boring caterpillar, Blastobasis repartella (Dietz), in switchgrass. BioEnergy Research, DOI: 10.1007 / s 12155 - 009 - 9064 - 8." type="book" year="2009">
|
||
Prasifka
|
||
<emphasis id="25C6A154FFE2FFA1FE1AAF8D6CCFF8FD" box="[436,489,1769,1794]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), reported that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0B206C5FFE2FFA1FD5EAF8D6EAFF8FD" box="[752,905,1769,1794]" class="Insecta" family="Blastobasidae" genus="Blastobasis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="repartella">
|
||
<emphasis id="25C6A154FFE2FFA1FD5EAF8D6EAFF8FD" box="[752,905,1769,1794]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">B. repartella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is now known to infest switchgrass in eight northern states including Illinois, Iowa, Michigan, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin but was not detected in Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas. Combined with the original collections by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="732300B7FFE2FFA1FEEDAE3D6CFAF88C" author="Dietz" box="[323,476,1881,1907]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" refString="Dietz, W. G. (1910) Revision of the Blastobasidae of North America. Transactions of the Entomological Society of America, 36, 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1910">Dietz (1910)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, distribution in the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6FA53DD6FFE2FFA1FD6CAE3D6FD0F88C" box="[706,758,1881,1907]" name="United States of America" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">U.S.</collectingCountry>
|
||
appears to cover from an area Colorado east to Ohio and as far north as North Dakota.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="170D7D46FFE2FFA1FF6BAEC76F40F81C" blockId="8.[151,1437,1657,2019]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis id="25C6A154FFE2FFA1FF6BAEC76C7EF842" bold="true" box="[197,344,1955,1981]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Parasitoids.</emphasis>
|
||
Two specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0B206C5FFE2FFA1FD94AEC06E58F841" authority="Muesebeck" authorityName="Muesebeck" box="[570,894,1956,1982]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Bassus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="difficilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="25C6A154FFE2FFA1FD94AEC06FD4F842" box="[570,754,1956,1981]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Bassus difficilis</emphasis>
|
||
Muesebeck
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0B206C5FFE2FFA1FC23AEC06915F841" box="[909,1075,1956,1982]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0B206C5FFE2FFA1FB93AEC069E2F841" box="[1085,1220,1956,1982]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Braconidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) were reared from pupae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0B206C5FFE2FFA1FEAAAEAD6CBEF81D" box="[260,408,1993,2018]" class="Insecta" family="Blastobasidae" genus="Blastobasis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="repartella">
|
||
<emphasis id="25C6A154FFE2FFA1FEAAAEAD6CBEF81D" box="[260,408,1993,2018]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">B. repartella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in South Dakota.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="43CD2DCEFFE3FFA0FF39AC24683EFAA8" box="[151,1304,1344,1368]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198941/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" targetBox="[276,1307,207,1309]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="170D7D46FFE3FFA0FF39AC24683EFAA8" blockId="9.[151,1304,1344,1368]" box="[151,1304,1344,1368]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<emphasis id="25C6A154FFE3FFA0FF39AC246C79FAA7" bold="true" box="[151,351,1344,1368]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">FIGURES 22−23.</emphasis>
|
||
Pupa of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0B206C5FFE3FFA0FE10AC246F8FFAA8" box="[446,681,1344,1367]" class="Insecta" family="Blastobasidae" genus="Blastobasis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="repartella">
|
||
<emphasis id="25C6A154FFE3FFA0FE10AC246F8FFAA8" box="[446,681,1344,1367]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">Blastobasis repartella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. 22, ventral view; 23, lateral view (“maxilla is proboscis).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="5FA82ECDFFE3FFA2FF6BACE16F4CFE93" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="170D7D46FFE3FFA0FF6BACE16FD8F95A" blockId="9.[151,1437,1413,2037]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<emphasis id="25C6A154FFE3FFA0FF6BACE16C0CFA60" bold="true" box="[197,298,1413,1439]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">Biology.</emphasis>
|
||
Larval feeding on switchgrass by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0B206C5FFE3FFA0FD66ACE26E46FA60" box="[712,864,1414,1439]" class="Insecta" family="Blastobasidae" genus="Blastobasis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="repartella">
|
||
<emphasis id="25C6A154FFE3FFA0FD66ACE26E46FA60" box="[712,864,1414,1439]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">B. repartella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is visible as partially emerged leaves on a tiller that desiccates and eventually dies (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8F8961C3FFE3FFA0FDE4ACCF6F83FA3A" box="[586,677,1451,1477]" captionStart="FIGURES 24 − 29" captionStartId="10.[151,270,1831,1855]" captionTargetBox="[265,1321,493,1809]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[265,1321,493,1810]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 24 − 29. Habitat, larva, damage, pupa, and male adults of Blastobasis repartella. 24, switchgrass plots on the Aurora Farm in South Dakota; 25, arrow pointing to dead tiller of switchgrass plant caused by stem-boring larva of B. repartella; 26, larva in proaxis of switchgrass plant; 27, pupa within stem of switchgrass; 28, cages placed in switchgrass plots in South Dakota; 29, males of Blastobasis repartella congregated on screen of field cages containing calling females." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198942/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
|
||
). These are symptoms similar to those produced by other stem boring insects in grass crops (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="732300B7FFE3FFA0FDF7ACB46E57FA15" author="Davis" box="[601,881,1488,1514]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" refString="Davis, P. M. & Pedigo, L. P. (1991) Injury profiles and yield responses of seedling corn attacked by stalk borer (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 84, 294 - 299." type="journal article" year="1991">Davis & Pedigo 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The larva of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0B206C5FFE3FFA0FB81ACB469F5FA16" box="[1071,1235,1488,1513]" class="Insecta" family="Blastobasidae" genus="Blastobasis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="repartella">
|
||
<emphasis id="25C6A154FFE3FFA0FB81ACB469F5FA16" box="[1071,1235,1488,1513]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">B. repartella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears to be a monophagous stem-borer in the proaxis, basal nodes, and internodes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0B206C5FFE3FFA0FBA6AC9269CEF9F0" box="[1032,1256,1526,1551]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Panicum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virgatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="25C6A154FFE3FFA0FBA6AC9269CEF9F0" box="[1032,1256,1526,1551]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">Panicum virgatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="8F8961C3FFE3FFA0FB55AC916871F9F0" box="[1275,1367,1525,1551]" captionStart="FIGURES 24 − 29" captionStartId="10.[151,270,1831,1855]" captionTargetBox="[265,1321,493,1809]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[265,1321,493,1810]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 24 − 29. Habitat, larva, damage, pupa, and male adults of Blastobasis repartella. 24, switchgrass plots on the Aurora Farm in South Dakota; 25, arrow pointing to dead tiller of switchgrass plant caused by stem-boring larva of B. repartella; 26, larva in proaxis of switchgrass plant; 27, pupa within stem of switchgrass; 28, cages placed in switchgrass plots in South Dakota; 29, males of Blastobasis repartella congregated on screen of field cages containing calling females." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198942/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
|
||
). The proaxis of switchgrass is a region of several compressed nodes and internodes at the proximal end of a tiller. Adventitious roots and axillary meristems that give rise to the subsequent generation of extravaginal and intravaginal tillers are produced in this region (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="732300B7FFE3FFA0FD6CAF016EBBF980" author="Brejda" box="[706,925,1637,1663]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" refString="Brejda, J. J., Moser, L. E. & Walker, S. S. (1989) Rhizome and tiller development of three Nebraska Sanhills warm-season grasses, pp. 211 - 215. In, T. B. Bragg and J. Stubbendieck, eds. Prairie Pioneers: Ecology, History, and Culture. Proceedings of the Eleventh North American Prairie Conference, Held 7 - 11 August 1988, Lincoln, Nebraska. University of Nebraska Printing, Lincoln, Nebraska." type="journal article" year="1989">
|
||
Brejda
|
||
<emphasis id="25C6A154FFE3FFA0FCB4AF026E68F980" box="[794,846,1638,1663]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1989
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The proaxis is metabolically active and is presumably a rich source of nutrients for herbivores.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="170D7D46FFE3FFA0FF6BAFD46DD1F8C5" blockId="9.[151,1437,1413,2037]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">
|
||
Early instars of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0B206C5FFE3FFA0FE28AFD46F06F936" box="[390,544,1712,1737]" class="Insecta" family="Blastobasidae" genus="Blastobasis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="repartella">
|
||
<emphasis id="25C6A154FFE3FFA0FE28AFD46F06F936" box="[390,544,1712,1737]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">B. repartella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may be found by mid-autumn. Presumably, larvae are inactive during the coldest months but were found to be active in South Dakota when plants were brought into the greenhouse in early spring and forced into early growth. In the field, late-instars are commonly found in late May actively feeding.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="170D7D46FFE3FFA0FF6BAE216873F87A" blockId="9.[151,1437,1413,2037]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">
|
||
Pupae are found primarily during mid to late June within the plant stem (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8F8961C3FFE3FFA0FB90AE2169BFF8A0" box="[1086,1177,1861,1887]" captionStart="FIGURES 24 − 29" captionStartId="10.[151,270,1831,1855]" captionTargetBox="[265,1321,493,1809]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[265,1321,493,1810]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 24 − 29. Habitat, larva, damage, pupa, and male adults of Blastobasis repartella. 24, switchgrass plots on the Aurora Farm in South Dakota; 25, arrow pointing to dead tiller of switchgrass plant caused by stem-boring larva of B. repartella; 26, larva in proaxis of switchgrass plant; 27, pupa within stem of switchgrass; 28, cages placed in switchgrass plots in South Dakota; 29, males of Blastobasis repartella congregated on screen of field cages containing calling females." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198942/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
|
||
). However, no viable pupae have been found in the field in early July in Illinois or by the third week of July in South Dakota.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="170D7D46FFE3FFA3FF6BAEF46909FF03" blockId="9.[151,1437,1413,2037]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1437,152,439]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<emphasis id="25C6A154FFE3FFA0FF6BAEF46C55F855" bold="true" box="[197,371,1936,1962]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">Flight period.</emphasis>
|
||
Adults of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0B206C5FFE3FFA0FE5AAEF46FA8F856" box="[500,654,1936,1961]" class="Insecta" family="Blastobasidae" genus="Blastobasis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="repartella">
|
||
<emphasis id="25C6A154FFE3FFA0FE5AAEF46FA8F856" box="[500,654,1936,1961]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">B. repartella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are nocturnal with a peak of activity during the early pre-sunrise hours. In eastern South Dakota, adult activity occurs from mid-July to mid-August, however, individuals are occasionally collected at evening lights during late August. Seasonal peak adult activity related to reproductive behavior was measured by the frequency of arriving males (40–
|
||
<specimenCount id="01B4B6CFFFE0FFA3FBD9A9FC69B1FF4D" box="[1143,1175,152,178]" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" type="male">50</specimenCount>
|
||
males per night and occasionally exceeding
|
||
<specimenCount id="01B4B6CFFFE0FFA3FE12A9D96F0CFF28" box="[444,554,189,215]" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" type="male">75 males</specimenCount>
|
||
per night) at cages containing calling females (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8F8961C3FFE0FFA3FBDBA9D9682BFF28" box="[1141,1293,189,215]" captionStart="FIGURES 24 − 29" captionStartId="10.[151,270,1831,1855]" captionTargetBox="[265,1321,493,1809]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[265,1321,493,1810]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 24 − 29. Habitat, larva, damage, pupa, and male adults of Blastobasis repartella. 24, switchgrass plots on the Aurora Farm in South Dakota; 25, arrow pointing to dead tiller of switchgrass plant caused by stem-boring larva of B. repartella; 26, larva in proaxis of switchgrass plant; 27, pupa within stem of switchgrass; 28, cages placed in switchgrass plots in South Dakota; 29, males of Blastobasis repartella congregated on screen of field cages containing calling females." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198942/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">Figs. 28–29</figureCitation>
|
||
). The flight period at Savoy, Illinois appears to be 2−3 weeks earlier than in South Dakota.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="170D7D46FFE0FFA3FF6BA86C6C34FE48" blockId="10.[151,1437,152,439]" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">
|
||
There is no evidence to suggest the occurrence of a second generation or overlapping cohorts in either South Dakota or Illinois populations. This is consistent with the single per year growth of switchgrass and appears to correlate with geographic variations in growing season differences of switchgrass (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="732300B7FFE0FFA3FAACA83668B2FE93" author="Quinn" box="[1282,1428,338,364]" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" refString="Quinn, J. A. (1969) Variability among High Plains populations of Panicum virgatum. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, 96, 20 - 41." type="journal article" year="1969">Quinn 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) indicating that these populations lack sufficient phenological opportunity to support multiple generations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0B206C5FFE0FFA3FA2DA81C6C2DFE49" class="Insecta" family="Blastobasidae" genus="Blastobasis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="repartella">
|
||
<emphasis id="25C6A154FFE0FFA3FA2DA81C6C2DFE49" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">B. repartella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="43CD2DCEFFE0FFA3FF39AE436DD7F841" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198942/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" targetBox="[265,1321,493,1809]" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="170D7D46FFE0FFA3FF39AE436DD7F841" blockId="10.[151,1437,1831,1982]" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis id="25C6A154FFE0FFA3FF39AE436C46F8C0" bold="true" box="[151,352,1831,1855]" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">FIGURES 24−29.</emphasis>
|
||
Habitat, larva, damage, pupa, and male adults of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0B206C5FFE0FFA3FCD9AE4C6942F8C0" box="[887,1124,1832,1855]" class="Insecta" family="Blastobasidae" genus="Blastobasis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="repartella">
|
||
<emphasis id="25C6A154FFE0FFA3FCD9AE4C6942F8C0" box="[887,1124,1832,1855]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">Blastobasis repartella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. 24, switchgrass plots on the Aurora Farm in South Dakota; 25, arrow pointing to dead tiller of switchgrass plant caused by stem-boring larva of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0B206C5FFE0FFA3FA2BAE2C6C26F880" class="Insecta" family="Blastobasidae" genus="Blastobasis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="repartella">
|
||
<emphasis id="25C6A154FFE0FFA3FA2BAE2C6C26F880" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">B. repartella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 26, larva in proaxis of switchgrass plant; 27, pupa within stem of switchgrass; 28, cages placed in switchgrass plots in South Dakota; 29, males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0B206C5FFE0FFA3FD81AEEC6E01F860" box="[559,807,1928,1951]" class="Insecta" family="Blastobasidae" genus="Blastobasis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="repartella">
|
||
<emphasis id="25C6A154FFE0FFA3FD81AEEC6E01F860" box="[559,807,1928,1951]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">Blastobasis repartella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
congregated on screen of field cages containing calling females.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="170D7D46FFE1FFA2FF6BA9F36F40FF28" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,364]" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis id="25C6A154FFE1FFA2FF6BA9F36C7BFF4E" bold="true" box="[197,349,151,177]" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">Oviposition.</emphasis>
|
||
Eggs are deposited in a concealed area between the stem and desiccated sheath found at the base of the tillers (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="732300B7FFE1FFA2FEC1A9D96F7FFF28" author="Prasifka" box="[367,601,189,215]" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" refString="Prasifka, J. R., Bradshaw, J. D., Boe, A. A., Lee, D. K., Adamski, D. & Gray, M. E. (2009) Symptoms, distribution and abundance of the stem-boring caterpillar, Blastobasis repartella (Dietz), in switchgrass. BioEnergy Research, DOI: 10.1007 / s 12155 - 009 - 9064 - 8." type="book" year="2009">
|
||
Prasifka
|
||
<emphasis id="25C6A154FFE1FFA2FE76A9D96F2CFF29" box="[472,522,189,214]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="170D7D46FFE1FFA2FF6BA9866F4CFE93" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,364]" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis id="25C6A154FFE1FFA2FF6BA9866C9EFF03" bold="true" box="[197,440,226,252]" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">Niche competitors.</emphasis>
|
||
The only known potential niche competitor of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0B206C5FFE1FFA2FC50A98669BCFF04" box="[1022,1178,226,251]" class="Insecta" family="Blastobasidae" genus="Blastobasis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="repartella">
|
||
<emphasis id="25C6A154FFE1FFA2FC50A98669BCFF04" box="[1022,1178,226,251]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">B. repartella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0B206C5FFE1FFA2FB11A9866CC2FEDD" authority="Barnes and McDunnough" authorityName="Barnes and McDunnough" class="Insecta" family="Dryophthoridae" genus="Aethes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spartinana">
|
||
<emphasis id="25C6A154FFE1FFA2FB11A98668BBFF04" box="[1215,1437,226,251]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">Aethes spartinana</emphasis>
|
||
(Barnes and McDunnough)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0B206C5FFE1FFA2FE5BA86C6FA9FEDD" box="[501,655,264,290]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0B206C5FFE1FFA2FD35A86C6E00FEDD" box="[667,806,264,290]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tortricidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), which was reared from larvae also collected from stems of switchgrass in South Dakota. Previously, prairie cordgrass (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0B206C5FFE1FFA2FC61A849687BFEB8" authority="Bosc ex Link." authorityName="Bosc ex Link." box="[975,1373,301,327]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Spartina" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pectinata">
|
||
<emphasis id="25C6A154FFE1FFA2FC61A849698DFEB9" box="[975,1195,301,326]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">Spartina pectinata</emphasis>
|
||
Bosc ex Link.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) was the only recorded host of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0B206C5FFE1FFA2FE6DA8366F45FE94" box="[451,611,338,363]" class="Insecta" family="Dryophthoridae" genus="Aethes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spartinana">
|
||
<emphasis id="25C6A154FFE1FFA2FE6DA8366F45FE94" box="[451,611,338,363]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">A. spartinana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |