plazi/treatments-xml
2
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull requests Releases Activity
treatments-xml/data/95/D0/3A/95D03A7AB61A57FD8D1FF870F1C24383.xml
maintenance ad0593c9ff added 95
2024-06-21 12:44:36 +02:00

728 lines
66 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1160.98022" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1160-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="B0708A590ABD58FEB4A1A474CA268AA4" ID-ZooBank="B7E449240D3D4529987F19A51FAA115E" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1160-1" checkinTime="1683131562219" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Man, Nem Sian, Lwin, Ngwe, Sutcharit, Chirasak &amp; Panha, Somsak" docDate="2023" docId="95D03A7AB61A57FD8D1FF870F1C24383" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1160: 1-59" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1160" docPubDate="2023-05-03" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1160.98022" docTitle="Phaedusa shanica" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" id="B0708A590ABD58FEB4A1A474CA268AA4" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="B0708A590ABD58FEB4A1A474CA268AA4" masterDocTitle="Further notes on the taxonomy of the land snail family Clausiliidae Gray, 1855 (Stylommatophora, Helicina) from Myanmar with description of two new species" masterLastPageNumber="59" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1683131866521" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Further notes on the taxonomy of the land snail family Clausiliidae Gray, 1855 (Stylommatophora, Helicina) from Myanmar with description of two new species</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Man, Nem Sian</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Animal Systematics Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Lwin, Ngwe</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Fauna and Flora International, No. 35, 3 rd Floor, Shan Gone Condo, Myay Ni Gone Market Street, Sanchaung Township, Yangon, Myanmar</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Sutcharit, Chirasak</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Animal Systematics Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Panha, Somsak</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Animal Systematics Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">somsak.pan@chula.ac.th</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2023-05-03</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>1160</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>59</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1160.98022</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1160.98022</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1160-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">B7E449240D3D4529987F19A51FAA115E</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">B0708A590ABD58FEB4A1A474CA268AA4</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:95D03A7AB61A57FD8D1FF870F1C24383" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/95D03A7AB61A57FD8D1FF870F1C24383" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
1
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="7SNZG" LSID="95D03A7A-B61A-57FD-8D1F-F870F1C24383" authority="(Boettger &amp; Ponsonby, 1888)" baseAuthorityName="Boettger &amp; Ponsonby" baseAuthorityYear="1888" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Phaedusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phaedusa shanica" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="shanica">Phaedusa shanica (Boettger &amp; Ponsonby, 1888)</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Living snails A Phaedusa shanica from Pyinyaung Village, Mandalay Region (SH ~ 14 mm) B Oospira philippiana from Kayon Cave, Mon State (SH ~ 22 mm) C Oospira bulbus from Sanbel Cave, Mon State (SH ~ 19 mm) D Oospira ovata from Pathein Mountain, Mon State (SH ~ 16 mm) E Oospira gouldiana from Kaw Ka Thuang Cave, Kayin State (SH ~ 26 mm) F Oospira shanensis from Nanthe Cave, Shan State (SH ~ 25 mm)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1160.98022.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/845465" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 3A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Shell and clausilial apparatus of A, B Phaedusa shanica, specimen CUMZ 13032 from Pyinyaung Village, Mandalay Region A shell B clausilial apparatus C, D Phaedusa burmanica, specimen CUMZ 13034 from Myin Ma Hti Cave, Shan State C shell D clausilial apparatus and E, F Phaedusa bocki menglunanensis, specimen CUMZ 13036 from Aik Kham Cave, Shan State E shell F clausilial apparatus. White arrows indicate principalis and yellow arrows indicate clausilium hook." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1160.98022.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/845466" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 4A, B</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Genital anatomy of A-D Phaedusa shanica, specimen CUMZ 13033 A whole reproductive system B internal sculpture of penis C transition from penis to epiphallus D internal sculpture of epiphallus and E-G Phaedusa burmanica, specimen CUMZ 13035 E whole reproductive system F overview internal sculpture of penis and epiphallus G internal sculpture of proximal epiphallus. Yellow arrows indicate approximate transitional position from penis to epiphallus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1160.98022.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/845467" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 5A-D</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Radula morphology A Phaedusa shanica, specimen CUMZ 13033 and B Phaedusa burmanica, specimen CUMZ 13035. Blue color indicates the central teeth row; yellow color indicates the transition from lateral to marginal teeth. ' C' indicates central tooth." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1160.98022.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/845468" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 6A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Synoptic view of the clausiliid species recorded from Myanmar A Phaedusa lypra, syntype MNHN-IM- 2000 - 2502 - 7 B Oospira magna, lectotype NHMUK 1901.3.17.156 C Oospira malaisei, holotype SMNH 3014 D Indonenia masoni, lectotype NHMUK 1888.12.4.1034 E Phaedusa bocki menglunanensis, specimen NHMUK 1903.7.1.3652 F Oospira mongmitensis, holotype UF 117571 (after Szekeres et al. 2021 b: fig. 1 d) G Oospira ovata, lectotype NHMUK 1906.2.2.378 H Oospira philippiana, possible syntype SMF 62294 / 1 I Oospira sardicola, holotype UF 117570 (after Szekeres et al. 2021 b: fig. 2 c) J Oospira shanensis, holotype NHMUK 1903.7.1.3544 K Phaedusa shanica, lectotype SMF 62260 L Oospira stoliczkana, holotype NHMUK 1888.12.4.1031 M Phaedusa theobaldi, lectotype NHMUK 1888.12.4.1056 N Phaedusa bocki thompsoni, specimen NHMUK 1903.7.1.1163 O Indonenia tuba, lectotype NHMUK 1907.12.30.241 P Oospira vespa, paralectotype MCZ 169456 and Q Oospira zediopsis sp. nov., holotype CUMZ 13064. Photo: P. Maestrati, MNHN (A), A Persson, SMNH (C)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1160.98022.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/845481" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 19K</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="O.Boettger" authorityYear="1888" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Clausilia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Clausilia (Pseudonenia) shanica" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="shanica" subGenus="Pseudonenia">Clausilia (Pseudonenia) shanica</taxonomicName>
Boettger &amp; Ponsonby in
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1888.tb06701.x" author="Godwin-Austen, HH" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="240 - 245" refId="B20" refString="Godwin-Austen, HH, 1888. On some land-molluscs from Burmah, with description of some new species. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 56 (1): 240 - 245, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1888.tb06701.x" title="On some land-molluscs from Burmah, with description of some new species." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1888.tb06701.x" volume="56" year="1888">Godwin-Austen 1888</bibRefCitation>
: 244. Type locality: &quot;Shan Hills, near Pingoung, Burma, at a height of about 2500 feet&quot; [Pinlaung Township, Shan State, Myanmar].
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Draparnaud" authorityYear="1805" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Clausilia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Clausilia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Clausilia</taxonomicName>
[
<taxonomicName authority="" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Phaedusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phaedusa (Pseudonenia)" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Pseudonenia">Phaedusa (Pseudonenia)</taxonomicName>
]
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Boettger &amp; Ponsonby" baseAuthorityYear="1888" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Phaedusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phaedusa shanica" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="shanica">Phaedusa shanica</taxonomicName>
-
<bibRefCitation author="Gude, GK" journalOrPublisher="Taylor and Francis, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B26" refString="Gude, GK, 1914. The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Mollusca, II. Taylor and Francis, London" title="The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Mollusca, II." year="1914">Gude 1914</bibRefCitation>
: 326, figs 111, 112.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Boettger &amp; Ponsonby" baseAuthorityYear="1888" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Phaedusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phaedusa (Phaedusa) shanica" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="shanica" subGenus="Phaedusa">Phaedusa (Phaedusa) shanica</taxonomicName>
-
<bibRefCitation author="Nordsieck, H" journalOrPublisher="Basteria" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="85 - 100" refId="B51" refString="Nordsieck, H, 2002b. Annotated checklist of the Southeast Asian Phaedusinae, with the description of new taxa (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Clausiliidae). Basteria 66: 85 - 100" title="Annotated checklist of the Southeast Asian Phaedusinae, with the description of new taxa (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Clausiliidae)." volume="66" year="2002 b">Nordsieck 2002b</bibRefCitation>
: 88.
<bibRefCitation author="Nordsieck, H" journalOrPublisher="ConchBooks, Hackenheim" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B52" refString="Nordsieck, H, 2007. Worldwide Door Snails. ConchBooks, Hackenheim" title="Worldwide Door Snails." year="2007">Nordsieck 2007</bibRefCitation>
: 32.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Boettger &amp; Ponsonby" baseAuthorityYear="1888" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Phaedusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phaedusa shanica" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="shanica">Phaedusa shanica</taxonomicName>
-
<bibRefCitation author="Zilch, A" journalOrPublisher="Archiv fuer Molluskenkunde" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 63" refId="B89" refString="Zilch, A, 1954. Die Typen und Typoide des Natur-Museums Senckenberg, 12: Mollusca, Clausiliidae (1): Phaedusinae, Neniinae. Archiv fuer Molluskenkunde 83: 1 - 63" title="Die Typen und Typoide des Natur-Museums Senckenberg, 12: Mollusca, Clausiliidae (1): Phaedusinae, Neniinae." volume="83" year="1954">Zilch 1954</bibRefCitation>
: 34, pl. 3, fig. 46.
<bibRefCitation author="Nordsieck, H" journalOrPublisher="Archiv fuer Molluskenkunde" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="41 - 49" refId="B49" refString="Nordsieck, H, 1974. Zur Anatomie und Systematik der Clausilien, 14. Phaedusinae, 2: Phaedusa bhutanensis n. sp. und ihre Beziehungen zu benachbarten Arten. Archiv fuer Molluskenkunde 104: 41 - 49" title="Zur Anatomie und Systematik der Clausilien, 14. Phaedusinae, 2: Phaedusa bhutanensis n. sp. und ihre Beziehungen zu benachbarten Arten." volume="104" year="1974">Nordsieck 1974</bibRefCitation>
: 46, fig. 6, pl. 2, fig. 6.
<bibRefCitation author="Grego, J" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Conchology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="21 - 29" refId="B25" refString="Grego, J, Hunyadi, A, Szekeres, M, 2021. New and little-known species of Southeast Asian Clausiliidae (Gastropoda: Pulmonata). Journal of Conchology 44: 21 - 29" title="New and little-known species of Southeast Asian Clausiliidae (Gastropoda: Pulmonata)." volume="44" year="2021">Grego et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
: 27.
<bibRefCitation author="Szekeres, M" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Conchology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="155 - 187" refId="B82" refString="Szekeres, M, Grego, J, Pall-Gergely, B, Ablett, JD, 2021a. Clausiliidae (Gastropoda; Pulmonata) from India, Myanmar, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka in the collection of the Natural History Museum, London. Journal of Conchology 44: 155 - 187" title="Clausiliidae (Gastropoda; Pulmonata) from India, Myanmar, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka in the collection of the Natural History Museum, London." volume="44" year="2021 a">Szekeres et al. 2021a</bibRefCitation>
: 183-185, fig. 11a, b.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2023-01-01" collectingDateMax="2023-12-31" collectingDateMin="2023-01-01" country="Myanmar" county="Meiktila District" latitude="20.827528" location="Limestone" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="96.39308" municipality="Pyinyaung Village" specimenCount="40" stateProvince="Mandalay Region">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:95D03A7AB61A57FD8D1FF870F1C24383:88D2C921F37BEAA949E5E42ACDA8FC5E" country="Myanmar" county="Meiktila District" latitude="20.827528" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="96.39308" municipality="Pyinyaung Village" name="Limestone" stateProvince="Mandalay Region">Limestone</location>
hills (Apache Cement Factory),
<collectingMunicipality>Pyinyaung Village</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty>Meiktila District</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingRegion country="Myanmar" name="Mandalay">Mandalay Region</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry name="Myanmar">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
(
<geoCoordinate degrees="20" direction="north" minutes="49" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="39.1" value="20.827528">20°49'39.1&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="96" direction="east" minutes="23" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="35.1" value="96.39308">96°23'35.1&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
): CUMZ 13032 (6 shells Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Shell and clausilial apparatus of A, B Phaedusa shanica, specimen CUMZ 13032 from Pyinyaung Village, Mandalay Region A shell B clausilial apparatus C, D Phaedusa burmanica, specimen CUMZ 13034 from Myin Ma Hti Cave, Shan State C shell D clausilial apparatus and E, F Phaedusa bocki menglunanensis, specimen CUMZ 13036 from Aik Kham Cave, Shan State E shell F clausilial apparatus. White arrows indicate principalis and yellow arrows indicate clausilium hook." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1160.98022.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/845466" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4A, B</figureCitation>
), CUMZ 13033 (
<specimenCount type="generic">40 specimens</specimenCount>
in ethanol), JG-C2881 (2 shells)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1160.98022.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/845465" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 3.</emphasis>
Living snails
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Boettger &amp; Ponsonby" baseAuthorityYear="1888" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Phaedusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phaedusa shanica" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="shanica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phaedusa shanica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Pyinyaung Village,
<collectingRegion country="Myanmar" name="Mandalay">Mandalay Region</collectingRegion>
(SH ~
<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" unit="mm" value="14.0">14 mm</quantity>
)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Pfeiffer" baseAuthorityYear="1847" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Oospira" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oospira philippiana" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="philippiana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Oospira philippiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Kayon Cave,
<collectingRegion country="Myanmar" name="Mon">Mon State</collectingRegion>
(SH ~
<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" unit="mm" value="22.0">22 mm</quantity>
)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Benson" baseAuthorityYear="1863" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Oospira" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oospira bulbus" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="bulbus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Oospira bulbus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Sanbel Cave,
<collectingRegion country="Myanmar" name="Mon">Mon State</collectingRegion>
(SH ~
<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" unit="mm" value="19.0">19 mm</quantity>
)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Blanford" baseAuthorityYear="1872" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Oospira" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oospira ovata" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ovata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Oospira ovata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Pathein Mountain,
<collectingRegion country="Myanmar" name="Mon">Mon State</collectingRegion>
(SH ~
<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" unit="mm" value="16.0">16 mm</quantity>
)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Pfeiffer" baseAuthorityYear="1857" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Oospira" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oospira gouldiana" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gouldiana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Oospira gouldiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Kaw Ka Thuang Cave,
<collectingRegion country="Myanmar" name="Kayin">Kayin State</collectingRegion>
(SH ~
<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" unit="mm" value="26.0">26 mm</quantity>
)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Grego &amp; Szekeres" authorityYear="2021" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Oospira" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oospira shanensis" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="shanensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Oospira shanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Nanthe Cave,
<collectingRegion country="Myanmar" name="Shan">Shan State</collectingRegion>
(SH ~
<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" unit="mm" value="25.0">25 mm</quantity>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1160.98022.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/845466" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 4.</emphasis>
Shell and clausilial apparatus of
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A, B</emphasis>
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Boettger &amp; Ponsonby" baseAuthorityYear="1888" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Phaedusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phaedusa shanica" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="shanica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phaedusa shanica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, specimen CUMZ 13032 from Pyinyaung Village,
<collectingRegion country="Myanmar" name="Mandalay">Mandalay Region</collectingRegion>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
shell
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
clausilial apparatus
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C, D</emphasis>
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Gude" baseAuthorityYear="1914" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Phaedusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phaedusa burmanica" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="burmanica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phaedusa burmanica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, specimen CUMZ 13034 from Myin Ma Hti Cave,
<collectingRegion country="Myanmar" name="Shan">Shan State</collectingRegion>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
shell
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
clausilial apparatus and
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E, F</emphasis>
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Luo, Chen &amp; Zhang" baseAuthorityYear="1998" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Phaedusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phaedusa bocki subsp. menglunanensis" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="bocki" subSpecies="menglunanensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phaedusa bocki menglunanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, specimen CUMZ 13036 from Aik Kham Cave,
<collectingRegion country="Myanmar" name="Shan">Shan State</collectingRegion>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
shell
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
clausilial apparatus. White arrows indicate principalis and yellow arrows indicate clausilium hook.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Shell fusiform, turreted, translucent, and pale yellowish brown; spire acute. Shell surface with thin and dense oblique striations; suture distinct. Whorls 11-
<normalizedToken originalValue="13½">131/2</normalizedToken>
, little convex, regularly growing and attenuated to apex, last whorl somewhat compressed. Aperture obliquely rounded to pear-shaped, basis rounded and narrowing towards parietal sinus; peristome slightly protruded, thickened, and expanded. Superior lamella low, continuous with spiralis, and very low at transition to spiralis to almost separated. Inferior lamella spirally ascending, close to superior lamella and ending at peristome. Subcolumellaris emerged and only visible in oblique view. Principalis running along lateral-dorsal side and anterior end visible through oblique apertural view. Palatal plicae lateral, three: first plica strong and longest; second plica very weak and close to first plica; third plica oblique from subcolumellaris and sometimes almost connected to second plica. Palatal plicae not visible without cracking shell. Clausilium plate lateral side, broad, rounded and slightly thickened at tip.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Table-UUID="2A7EA856A4A6E43F944503023604C9C5" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/2A7EA856A4A6E43F944503023604C9C5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Table 2" startId="T2">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Table 2.</emphasis>
Comparison of shell characters of all species from Myanmar examined in this study.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<table pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Species</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Inferior lamella</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Transition from superior to spiralis lamella</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Subcolumellaris in oblique view</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Palatal plicae number/ positions</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Clausilium position / shape</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Spire</th>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. shanica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="shanica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. shanica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">spirally ascending</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">connect to almost separate</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">visible</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">3/ 2nd weakest and lateral</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">lateral/ broad and round</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">regularly attenuated</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. burmanica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="burmanica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. burmanica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">spirally ascending</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">connect or separate</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">visible</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">5/ 3rd and 4th weakest and lateral</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">lateral/ broad, round and with hook</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">regularly attenuated</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. bocki subsp. menglunanensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="subSpecies" species="bocki" subSpecies="menglunanensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. bocki menglunanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">spirally ascending</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">connect / low at transition to spiralis</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">visible</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">4-5/ reduced towards anterior and lateral</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">lateral/ broad, round and with hook</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">regularly attenuated</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. philippiana" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="philippiana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">O. philippiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">steeply ascending</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">connected / distinctly low at transition to spiralis</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">visible</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">7-9/ reduced towards anterior and lateral</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">lateral/ slightly broad</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">blunt and regularly attenuated</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. bulbus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="bulbus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">O. bulbus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">steeply ascending</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">connected / distinctly low at transition to spiralis</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">invisible</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">5/ nearly equal, reduced towards anterior and lateral</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">lateral/ narrow</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">round and rapidly grow</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. ovata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ovata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">O. ovata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">steeply ascending</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">connected / distinctly low at transition to spiralis</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">visible</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">6-7/ gradually reduced towards anterior and lateral</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">lateral/ narrow</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">blunt and rapidly grow</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. stoliczkana" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="stoliczkana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">O. stoliczkana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">steeply ascending</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">connected / distinctly low at transition to spiralis</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">visible</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">8-10/ gradually reduced towards anterior and lateral</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">lateral/ slightly broad</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">blunt and regularly attenuated</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. gouldiana" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="gouldiana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">O. gouldiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">steeply ascending</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">connected / slightly low at transition to spiralis</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">invisible</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">5/ 1st and 4th or 5th longest, parallelly, or irregularly oblique, and lateral</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">lateral/ narrow</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">regularly attenuated, 3 to 4 apical whorls white</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. andersoniana" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="andersoniana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">O. andersoniana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">steeply ascending</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">connected / indistinct at transition to spiralis</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">invisible</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">3-5 / 3rd longest, parallelly oblique, and lateral</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">lateral/ narrow</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">regularly attenuated</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. magna" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="magna">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">O. magna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">steeply ascending</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">connected / indistinct at transition to spiralis</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">invisible</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">4-6 / 4th longest, parallelly oblique, and ventral-lateral (almost horizontal)</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">ventral/ narrow</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">regularly attenuated, 3 to 4 apical whorls white</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. shanensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="shanensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">O. shanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">steeply ascending</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">connected / indistinct at transition to spiralis</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">visible</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">5 / 4th longest and curved, parallel, and ventral-lateral (almost horizontal)</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">lateral/ broad, round and with hook</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">regularly attenuated</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. luneainopsis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="luneainopsis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">O. luneainopsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">steeply ascending</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">connected / slightly low at transition to spiralis</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">invisible</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">4 / 4th longest, parallelly oblique, and lateral</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">lateral/ narrow, slightly pointed at tip</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">blunt and regularly attenuated</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. zediopsis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="zediopsis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">O. zediopsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">steeply ascending</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">connected / slightly low at transition to spiralis</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">invisible</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">4-5 / 4th longest, parallelly oblique, and lateral</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">lateral/ narrow</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">regularly attenuated, 4 to 5 apical whorls white</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Table-UUID="6CBE6005C5185474280155CCCDF15258" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/6CBE6005C5185474280155CCCDF15258" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Table 3" startId="T3">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Table 3.</emphasis>
Comparison of genital characters of all species from Myanmar examined in this study.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<table pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Species</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Penis / epiphallus</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Internal sculpture of penis</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Internal sculpture of epiphallus</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Distal and proximal lengths of pedunculus</th>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. shanica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="shanica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. shanica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">muscular, large / ca. same diameter with penis</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">smooth surface of longitudinal folds</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">papillae arranged in oblique rows</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">distal longer than proximal</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. burmanica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="burmanica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. burmanica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">muscular, large / ca. same diameter with penis</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">wavy surface of longitudinal folds</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">wavy longitudinal folds and papillae arranged in oblique rows</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">distal longer than proximal</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. philippiana" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="philippiana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">O. philippiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">muscular, large / narrower than penis</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">chevron-shaped and smooth surface of longitudinal folds</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">elevated papillae arranged in oblique rows</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">distal shorter than proximal</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. bulbus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="bulbus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">O. bulbus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">muscular, large / narrower than penis</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">chevron-shaped and little wavy surface of longitudinal folds</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">elevated papillae arranged in oblique rows</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">distal ca. same as proximal</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. ovata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ovata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">O. ovata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">muscular, large / narrower than penis</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">V-shaped rows and smooth surface of longitudinal folds</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">rounded papillae arranged in oblique rows</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">distal longer than proximal</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. stoliczkana" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="stoliczkana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">O. stoliczkana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">muscular, large / narrower than penis</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">nearly V-shaped and oblique smooth surface of longitudinal folds</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">elevated papillae arranged in nearly oblique rows</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">distal longer than proximal</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. gouldiana" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="gouldiana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">O. gouldiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">moderately muscular, slender / nearly same or narrower diameter than penis</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">smooth surface of longitudinal folds</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">irregular corrugated folds and papillae arranged in oblique rows</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">distal ca. same as proximal</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. andersoniana" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="andersoniana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">O. andersoniana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">moderately muscular, slender / nearly same or narrower diameter than penis</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">smooth surface of longitudinal folds</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">scattered papillae arranged obliquely to irregularly spaced rows</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">distal longer than proximal</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. magna" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="magna">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">O. magna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">moderately muscular, slender / nearly equal diameter with penis</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">smooth surface of longitudinal folds</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">papillae arranged in oblique rows</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">distal shorter than proximal</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. shanensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="shanensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">O. shanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">muscular, large / ca. same diameter with penis</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">corrugated surface of longitudinal folds</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">reticulated pattern</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">distal longer than proximal</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Genitalia</emphasis>
(
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">n</emphasis>
= 5). Atrium (at) short; penis (p) muscular, cylindrical, and gradually narrower towards epiphallus. Epiphallus (ep) muscular, cylindrical, ca. same as penis length and size, and gradually widening to proximal end. Penial retractor muscle (pr) attached proximally to epiphallus. Vas deferens (vd) slender, and shortly bounded at atrium and penis junction (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Genital anatomy of A-D Phaedusa shanica, specimen CUMZ 13033 A whole reproductive system B internal sculpture of penis C transition from penis to epiphallus D internal sculpture of epiphallus and E-G Phaedusa burmanica, specimen CUMZ 13035 E whole reproductive system F overview internal sculpture of penis and epiphallus G internal sculpture of proximal epiphallus. Yellow arrows indicate approximate transitional position from penis to epiphallus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1160.98022.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/845467" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5A</figureCitation>
). Internal sculpture of penis smooth-surfaced and with 3 to 5 longitudinal folds (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Genital anatomy of A-D Phaedusa shanica, specimen CUMZ 13033 A whole reproductive system B internal sculpture of penis C transition from penis to epiphallus D internal sculpture of epiphallus and E-G Phaedusa burmanica, specimen CUMZ 13035 E whole reproductive system F overview internal sculpture of penis and epiphallus G internal sculpture of proximal epiphallus. Yellow arrows indicate approximate transitional position from penis to epiphallus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1160.98022.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/845467" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5B</figureCitation>
); at transition from penis to epiphallus with irregularly corrugated and wrinkled folds that randomly split and merge (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Genital anatomy of A-D Phaedusa shanica, specimen CUMZ 13033 A whole reproductive system B internal sculpture of penis C transition from penis to epiphallus D internal sculpture of epiphallus and E-G Phaedusa burmanica, specimen CUMZ 13035 E whole reproductive system F overview internal sculpture of penis and epiphallus G internal sculpture of proximal epiphallus. Yellow arrows indicate approximate transitional position from penis to epiphallus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1160.98022.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/845467" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5C</figureCitation>
). Internal sculpture of epiphallus with large papillae arranged in oblique rows (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Genital anatomy of A-D Phaedusa shanica, specimen CUMZ 13033 A whole reproductive system B internal sculpture of penis C transition from penis to epiphallus D internal sculpture of epiphallus and E-G Phaedusa burmanica, specimen CUMZ 13035 E whole reproductive system F overview internal sculpture of penis and epiphallus G internal sculpture of proximal epiphallus. Yellow arrows indicate approximate transitional position from penis to epiphallus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1160.98022.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/845467" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1160.98022.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/845467" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 5.</emphasis>
Genital anatomy of
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A-D</emphasis>
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Boettger &amp; Ponsonby" baseAuthorityYear="1888" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Phaedusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phaedusa shanica" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="shanica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phaedusa shanica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, specimen CUMZ 13033
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
whole reproductive system
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
internal sculpture of penis
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
transition from penis to epiphallus
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
internal sculpture of epiphallus and
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E-G</emphasis>
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Gude" baseAuthorityYear="1914" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Phaedusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phaedusa burmanica" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="burmanica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phaedusa burmanica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, specimen CUMZ 13035
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
whole reproductive system
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
overview internal sculpture of penis and epiphallus
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
internal sculpture of proximal epiphallus. Yellow arrows indicate approximate transitional position from penis to epiphallus.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Vagina (v) slender at junction of atrium, then bulging at connection of free oviduct (fo) and distal part of pedunculus (dpb), and almost as long as free oviduct. Distal part of pedunculus large, long, and basally stouter; diverticulum (db) slender, nearly equal to dpb length; proximal part of pedunculus (ppb) large, long, measuring ~ 3/4 of diverticulum length, and bursa copulatrix (bb) ovoid (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Genital anatomy of A-D Phaedusa shanica, specimen CUMZ 13033 A whole reproductive system B internal sculpture of penis C transition from penis to epiphallus D internal sculpture of epiphallus and E-G Phaedusa burmanica, specimen CUMZ 13035 E whole reproductive system F overview internal sculpture of penis and epiphallus G internal sculpture of proximal epiphallus. Yellow arrows indicate approximate transitional position from penis to epiphallus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1160.98022.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/845467" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Radula</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Each row contains ~ 47 teeth with half-row formula: central-(lateral)-marginal teeth (1-(11-12)-23). Central tooth symmetrically tricuspid; mesocone large with pointed tip; ectocones triangular and located near the base. Lateral teeth asymmetrically bicuspid with small and pointed ectocone located at base; endocone large with pointed tip. Marginal teeth with asymmetrical tricuspids starting at approximately tooth number 11 or 12; mesocone large with dull tip; endocone and ectocone with small and pointed tips. Marginal teeth gradually reduced in size and becoming multicuspid marginally (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Radula morphology A Phaedusa shanica, specimen CUMZ 13033 and B Phaedusa burmanica, specimen CUMZ 13035. Blue color indicates the central teeth row; yellow color indicates the transition from lateral to marginal teeth. ' C' indicates central tooth." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1160.98022.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/845468" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">6A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1160.98022.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/845468" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 6.</emphasis>
Radula morphology
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Boettger &amp; Ponsonby" baseAuthorityYear="1888" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Phaedusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phaedusa shanica" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="shanica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phaedusa shanica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, specimen CUMZ 13033 and
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Gude" baseAuthorityYear="1914" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Phaedusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phaedusa burmanica" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="burmanica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phaedusa burmanica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, specimen CUMZ 13035. Blue color indicates the central teeth row; yellow color indicates the transition from lateral to marginal teeth.
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘C’">'C'</normalizedToken>
indicates central tooth.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Boettger &amp; Ponsonby" baseAuthorityYear="1888" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Phaedusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phaedusa shanica" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="shanica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phaedusa shanica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is collected from probably nearby the type locality and likely restricted in Myanmar. It appears to be quite abundant in the limestone hills based on the high numbers collected in our samplings.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Boettger &amp; Ponsonby" baseAuthorityYear="1888" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Phaedusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phaedusa shanica" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="shanica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phaedusa shanica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is very similar to
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. theobaldi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="theobaldi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. theobaldi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Blanford, 1872) in having two or three palatal plicae which tend to connect at the second and third plicae.
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Blanford" baseAuthorityYear="1872" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Phaedusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phaedusa theobaldi" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="theobaldi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phaedusa theobaldi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Synoptic view of the clausiliid species recorded from Myanmar A Phaedusa lypra, syntype MNHN-IM- 2000 - 2502 - 7 B Oospira magna, lectotype NHMUK 1901.3.17.156 C Oospira malaisei, holotype SMNH 3014 D Indonenia masoni, lectotype NHMUK 1888.12.4.1034 E Phaedusa bocki menglunanensis, specimen NHMUK 1903.7.1.3652 F Oospira mongmitensis, holotype UF 117571 (after Szekeres et al. 2021 b: fig. 1 d) G Oospira ovata, lectotype NHMUK 1906.2.2.378 H Oospira philippiana, possible syntype SMF 62294 / 1 I Oospira sardicola, holotype UF 117570 (after Szekeres et al. 2021 b: fig. 2 c) J Oospira shanensis, holotype NHMUK 1903.7.1.3544 K Phaedusa shanica, lectotype SMF 62260 L Oospira stoliczkana, holotype NHMUK 1888.12.4.1031 M Phaedusa theobaldi, lectotype NHMUK 1888.12.4.1056 N Phaedusa bocki thompsoni, specimen NHMUK 1903.7.1.1163 O Indonenia tuba, lectotype NHMUK 1907.12.30.241 P Oospira vespa, paralectotype MCZ 169456 and Q Oospira zediopsis sp. nov., holotype CUMZ 13064. Photo: P. Maestrati, MNHN (A), A Persson, SMNH (C)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1160.98022.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/845481" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">19M</figureCitation>
) can be distinguished by its less turreted shell, coarser striations, darker horny color, superior lamella and spiralis separated, and not emerged subcolumellaris. These two species are difficult to distinguish at first sight; additional materials from the type locality and the genitalia of
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. theobaldi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="theobaldi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. theobaldi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, are required to elucidate the relationship between these two species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Our specimens slightly differ from the type specimen in having three separated palatal plicae, or sometimes second and third plicae well developed and connected (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Shell and clausilial apparatus of A, B Phaedusa shanica, specimen CUMZ 13032 from Pyinyaung Village, Mandalay Region A shell B clausilial apparatus C, D Phaedusa burmanica, specimen CUMZ 13034 from Myin Ma Hti Cave, Shan State C shell D clausilial apparatus and E, F Phaedusa bocki menglunanensis, specimen CUMZ 13036 from Aik Kham Cave, Shan State E shell F clausilial apparatus. White arrows indicate principalis and yellow arrows indicate clausilium hook." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1160.98022.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/845466" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4B</figureCitation>
). According to
<bibRefCitation author="Nordsieck, H" journalOrPublisher="Archiv fuer Molluskenkunde" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="41 - 49" refId="B49" refString="Nordsieck, H, 1974. Zur Anatomie und Systematik der Clausilien, 14. Phaedusinae, 2: Phaedusa bhutanensis n. sp. und ihre Beziehungen zu benachbarten Arten. Archiv fuer Molluskenkunde 104: 41 - 49" title="Zur Anatomie und Systematik der Clausilien, 14. Phaedusinae, 2: Phaedusa bhutanensis n. sp. und ihre Beziehungen zu benachbarten Arten." volume="104" year="1974">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Nordsieck’s">Nordsieck's</normalizedToken>
(1974
</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 6) drawing, the lectotype SMF 62260 has only two almost connected first and second palatal plicae, while the probable paralectotype as stated in
<bibRefCitation author="Gude, GK" journalOrPublisher="Taylor and Francis, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B26" refString="Gude, GK, 1914. The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Mollusca, II. Taylor and Francis, London" title="The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Mollusca, II." year="1914">Gude (1914</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 112) has palatal plicae pattern similar to the specimens examined herein. Therefore, we assume that the distinct or indistinct second plica might be attributed to morphological variation. Shell variations among the examined materials for
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. shanica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="shanica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. shanica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were observed, including slender to regular fusiform shell, oblique to subquadrate aperture, and the third plica may be well developed and reach to the second plica (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Shell and clausilial apparatus of A, B Phaedusa shanica, specimen CUMZ 13032 from Pyinyaung Village, Mandalay Region A shell B clausilial apparatus C, D Phaedusa burmanica, specimen CUMZ 13034 from Myin Ma Hti Cave, Shan State C shell D clausilial apparatus and E, F Phaedusa bocki menglunanensis, specimen CUMZ 13036 from Aik Kham Cave, Shan State E shell F clausilial apparatus. White arrows indicate principalis and yellow arrows indicate clausilium hook." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1160.98022.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/845466" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
In addition,
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="J. Mabille" baseAuthorityYear="1887" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Phaedusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phaedusa lypra" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lypra">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phaedusa lypra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Mabille, 1887) from Shan State also resembles this species in shell form; however,
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. lypra" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="lypra">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. lypra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a blunter spire, less turreted shell, and wider aperture sinus (
<bibRefCitation author="Szekeres, M" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Conchology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="155 - 187" refId="B82" refString="Szekeres, M, Grego, J, Pall-Gergely, B, Ablett, JD, 2021a. Clausiliidae (Gastropoda; Pulmonata) from India, Myanmar, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka in the collection of the Natural History Museum, London. Journal of Conchology 44: 155 - 187" title="Clausiliidae (Gastropoda; Pulmonata) from India, Myanmar, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka in the collection of the Natural History Museum, London." volume="44" year="2021 a">Szekeres et al. 2021a</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 10f).
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Gude" baseAuthorityYear="1914" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Phaedusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phaedusa burmanica" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="burmanica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phaedusa burmanica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Gude, 1914) and
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. bocki subsp. menglunanensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="subSpecies" species="bocki" subSpecies="menglunanensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. bocki menglunanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Luo, Cheng &amp; Zhang, 1998) from Shan State differ from
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. shanica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="shanica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. shanica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having a larger shell, five distinct palatal plicae that can be seen from outside of shell, wavier and coarser shell surface, and clausilium with a hook (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Shell and clausilial apparatus of A, B Phaedusa shanica, specimen CUMZ 13032 from Pyinyaung Village, Mandalay Region A shell B clausilial apparatus C, D Phaedusa burmanica, specimen CUMZ 13034 from Myin Ma Hti Cave, Shan State C shell D clausilial apparatus and E, F Phaedusa bocki menglunanensis, specimen CUMZ 13036 from Aik Kham Cave, Shan State E shell F clausilial apparatus. White arrows indicate principalis and yellow arrows indicate clausilium hook." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1160.98022.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/845466" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4</figureCitation>
). Regarding the genitalia,
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. shanica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="shanica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. shanica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
possesses more simple and smooth longitudinal folds and reticulated papillae in the epiphallus, while
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. burmanica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="burmanica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. burmanica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has strongly wavy, irregularly dense, and crowded longitudinal folds along the epiphallus with a distinct fold near the vas deferens (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Genital anatomy of A-D Phaedusa shanica, specimen CUMZ 13033 A whole reproductive system B internal sculpture of penis C transition from penis to epiphallus D internal sculpture of epiphallus and E-G Phaedusa burmanica, specimen CUMZ 13035 E whole reproductive system F overview internal sculpture of penis and epiphallus G internal sculpture of proximal epiphallus. Yellow arrows indicate approximate transitional position from penis to epiphallus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1160.98022.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/845467" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
Reference in a new issue View git blame Copy permalink