464 lines
66 KiB
XML
464 lines
66 KiB
XML
<document id="0474702CA9DDE161EB1CDA4AB068D747" ID-CLB-Dataset="21769" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.3875200" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7deaf390-db4a-4d9d-b0e3-9e048651330a" ID-ISSN="1944-8120" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3875200" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:98B910D7-D15A-4AF2-9F8C-04824B7AEF64" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1591108163073" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Mariante, Rafael M. & Hill, David E." docDate="2020" docId="951C9A6DFFB77843FFC0FAA4861DF815" docLanguage="en" docName="Peckhamia.205.1.1-21.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Peckhamia 205 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:D51240C417E9E8FB630023B3B140B663.3:Peckhamia.2015-.journal_article" docStyleId="D51240C417E9E8FB630023B3B140B663" docStyleName="Peckhamia.2015-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Menemerus nigli Wesolowska & Freudenschuss 2012" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="15" masterDocId="6925E215FFB7784DFFA0FFEF8377FFC1" masterDocTitle="First report of the Asian jumping spider Menemerus nigli (Araneae: Salticidae: Chrysillini) in Brazil" masterLastPageNumber="21" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1698841963590" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-ND-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-ND-4.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="28A06443E8B824A4FA92B1B6C20835C7">
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<mods:title id="7BB8A540AC6898148561E3F3FCD095DD">First report of the Asian jumping spider Menemerus nigli (Araneae: Salticidae: Chrysillini) in Brazil</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E21ABE9F5F1C5E8BF7C04038B2E0C33B">Mariante, Rafael M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="F8466ADD15925B130182B1EF85BA05F1" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="57E30AEED7C9881FD9EEDC85AA2C8B19">Hill, David E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="79A30FE5986A0775CF619C98CFE1359B">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="39DA4904D755E5B7126F869D3F9BD45B">
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<mods:title id="16AD7F365C7BB78F7C434103CBC14190">Peckhamia</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="1C7308465713829D737E3DF5B4A95B22">
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<mods:date id="34C3FD874D5E218B372157F5FD6BE397">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="2C45E15D9FA236A73159B068137AB26D">2020-04-06</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="AF92612482A9C1F93C5557E58787B201">205</mods:number>
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<treatment id="951C9A6DFFB77843FFC0FAA4861DF815" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3883183" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164421088" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3883183" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:951C9A6DFFB77843FFC0FAA4861DF815" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/951C9A6DFFB77843FFC0FAA4861DF815" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection id="55AF78F0FFB7784DFFC0FAA48160FAA9" box="[96,535,1354,1384]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="1D0A2B7BFFB7784DFFC0FAA48160FAA9" blockId="0.[96,1537,1354,1647]" box="[96,535,1354,1384]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<heading id="46429C17FFB7784DFFC0FAA48160FAA9" box="[96,535,1354,1384]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" reason="2">
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The adult male
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<taxonomicName id="DAB550F8FFB7784DFE99FAA58160FAA9" ID-CoL="3ZQ7J" authorityName="Wesolowska & Freudenschuss" authorityYear="2012" box="[313,535,1354,1384]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Menemerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigli">
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<emphasis id="2FC1F769FFB7784DFE99FAA58160FAA9" box="[313,535,1354,1384]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Menemerus nigli</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="55AF78F0FFB7784DFD81FAA4807DFAA9" box="[545,778,1355,1384]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph id="1D0A2B7BFFB7784DFD81FAA4807DFAA9" blockId="0.[96,1537,1354,1647]" box="[545,778,1355,1384]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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(
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<figureCitation id="858E37FEFFB7784DFD8AFAA481BCFAA9" box="[554,715,1355,1384]" captionStart-0="Figure 3" captionStart-1="Figure 4" captionStart-2="Figure 5" captionStart-3="Figure 6" captionStart-4="Figure 7" captionStart-5="Figure 8" captionStart-6="Figure 9" captionStartId-0="2.[96,175,1803,1827]" captionStartId-1="3.[96,175,1802,1826]" captionStartId-2="4.[96,175,1805,1829]" captionStartId-3="5.[96,176,1808,1832]" captionStartId-4="6.[188,267,1040,1064]" captionStartId-5="6.[294,374,1955,1979]" captionStartId-6="7.[96,175,1490,1514]" captionTargetBox-0="[96,1536,165,1792]" captionTargetBox-1="[96,1536,165,1792]" captionTargetBox-2="[96,1536,165,1792]" captionTargetBox-3="[96,1536,165,1795]" captionTargetBox-4="[192,1440,165,1031]" captionTargetBox-5="[298,1335,1119,1943]" captionTargetBox-6="[96,1536,165,1475]" captionTargetId-0="figure@2.[96,1536,165,1792]" captionTargetId-1="figure@3.[96,1536,165,1792]" captionTargetId-2="figure@4.[96,1536,165,1792]" captionTargetId-3="figure@5.[96,1536,165,1795]" captionTargetId-4="figure@6.[192,1440,165,1031]" captionTargetId-5="figure@6.[298,1335,1119,1943]" captionTargetId-6="figure@7.[96,1536,165,1475]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionTargetPageId-3="5" captionTargetPageId-4="6" captionTargetPageId-5="6" captionTargetPageId-6="7" captionText-0="Figure 3. Views of an adult male (♂ #1) Menemerus nigli from site 1.2 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (FEB 2020)." captionText-1="Figure 4. Views of an adult male (♂ #2) Menemerus nigli from site 1.1 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (FEB 2020)." captionText-2="Figure 5. More views of an adult male (♂ #2) Menemerus nigli from site 1.1 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (FEB 2020). As in Figure 13, this spider was photographed on a 1 mm square grid." captionText-3="Figure 6. Detailed views of an adult male (♂ #2) Menemerus nigli from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 1-2, Note the long, off-white setae situated on the dorsum of each cymbium, and the relatively narrow line of white setae across the clypeus. 4, Note the lack of a middorsal line and the presence of chevrons at the rear of the opisthosoma." captionText-4="Figure 7. Views of adult male Menemerus nigli specimens from Rio de Janeiro in alcohol." captionText-5="Figure 8. Detailed views of adult male Menemerus nigli specimens from Rio de Janeiro in" captionText-6="Figure 9. Left (♂ #1) or right (♂ #2) pedipalp of two adult male Menemerus nigli from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Images from the right pedipalp were flipped horizontally (mirrored) to facilitate direct comparison according to our left pedipalp convention. Thus they represent the appearance of the left pedipalp." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3875208" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3875210" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3875212" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3875214" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3875216" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3875220" figureDoi-6="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3875222" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3875208/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3875210/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/3875212/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/3875214/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/3875216/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/3875220/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/3875222/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figures 3-9</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="858E37FEFFB7784DFD79FAA48189FAA9" box="[729,766,1355,1384]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="14.[114,193,1231,1255]" captionTargetBox="[115,1517,165,1219]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[115,1517,165,1219]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 18. Ventral views of Menemerus nigli from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 1, Adult male. 2-4, Two adult females." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3875243" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3875243/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">18</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="55AF78F0FFB77845FCB2FAA48064F904" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="1D0A2B7BFFB7784DFCB2FAA4817FF9AE" blockId="0.[96,1537,1354,1647]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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is similar to the female in color, but has a conspicuous fringe of white setae directed ventromedially on the medial side of each paturon. This fringe is also found on adult male
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<taxonomicName id="DAB550F8FFB7784DFE8BFA7A82A2FA72" baseAuthorityName="Dufour" baseAuthorityYear="1831" box="[299,469,1429,1459]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Menemerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bivittatus">
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<emphasis id="2FC1F769FFB7784DFE8BFA7A82A2FA72" box="[299,469,1429,1459]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. bivittatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, also found in
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<collectingCountry id="65A26BEBFFB7784DFD06FA79818FFA72" box="[678,760,1430,1459]" name="Brazil" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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(
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<figureCitation id="858E37FEFFB7784DFCA9FA7980E1FA72" box="[777,918,1430,1459]" captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="18.[96,175,1805,1829]" captionTargetBox="[96,1536,165,1792]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[96,1536,165,1792]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 22. Adult males, Menemerus bivittatus in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3875251" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3875251/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 22</figureCitation>
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). Unlike the male
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<taxonomicName id="DAB550F8FFB7784DFB3FFA7A863EFA72" baseAuthorityName="Dufour" baseAuthorityYear="1831" box="[1183,1353,1429,1459]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Menemerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bivittatus">
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<emphasis id="2FC1F769FFB7784DFB3FFA7A863EFA72" box="[1183,1353,1429,1459]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. bivittatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, the male
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<taxonomicName id="DAB550F8FFB7784DFA7DFA7A83EBFA19" authorityName="Wesolowska & Freudenschuss" authorityYear="2012" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Menemerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigli">
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<emphasis id="2FC1F769FFB7784DFA7DFA7A83EBFA19" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. nigli</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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does not have a more-or-less linear tract of scales on the midline of the opisthosoma, but like the female has a more variegated pattern of scales on the dorsal opisthosoma that usually includes chevons toward the rear. The white clypeal band of the male
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<taxonomicName id="DAB550F8FFB7784DFC94F9EA80ACF9E2" baseAuthorityName="Dufour" baseAuthorityYear="1831" box="[820,987,1541,1571]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Menemerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bivittatus">
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<emphasis id="2FC1F769FFB7784DFC94F9EA80ACF9E2" box="[820,987,1541,1571]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. bivittatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is also much wider than that of
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<taxonomicName id="DAB550F8FFB7784DFA36F9EA868EF9E2" authorityName="Wesolowska & Freudenschuss" authorityYear="2012" box="[1430,1529,1541,1571]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Menemerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigli">
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<emphasis id="2FC1F769FFB7784DFA36F9EA868EF9E2" box="[1430,1529,1541,1571]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. nigli</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. The dorsal cymbium of the pedipalp of
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<taxonomicName id="DAB550F8FFB7784DFD26F9C4819DF988" authorityName="Wesolowska & Freudenschuss" authorityYear="2012" box="[646,746,1579,1609]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Menemerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigli">
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<emphasis id="2FC1F769FFB7784DFD26F9C4819DF988" box="[646,746,1579,1609]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. nigli</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is covered with long off-white setae. In
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<taxonomicName id="DAB550F8FFB7784DFA82F9C486BCF988" baseAuthorityName="Dufour" baseAuthorityYear="1831" box="[1314,1483,1579,1609]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Menemerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bivittatus">
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<emphasis id="2FC1F769FFB7784DFA82F9C486BCF988" box="[1314,1483,1579,1609]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. bivittatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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the dorsal cymbium is dark brown.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1D0A2B7BFFB7784DFFC0F97286A7F8C5" blockId="0.[96,1535,1691,1797]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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The pedipalp of the adult male
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<taxonomicName id="DAB550F8FFB7784DFD94F9748060F978" authorityName="Wesolowska & Freudenschuss" authorityYear="2012" box="[564,791,1691,1721]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Menemerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigli">
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<emphasis id="2FC1F769FFB7784DFD94F9748060F978" box="[564,791,1691,1721]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Menemerus nigli</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has a relatively long cymbium and a large, curved embolus to the medial side of a prominent, sclerotized ventromedial lobe of the tegulum situated over the spermaphore loop (
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<figureCitation id="858E37FEFFB7784DFECBF9088296F8C4" box="[363,481,1767,1797]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="7.[96,175,1490,1514]" captionTargetBox="[96,1536,165,1475]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[96,1536,165,1475]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 9. Left (♂ #1) or right (♂ #2) pedipalp of two adult male Menemerus nigli from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Images from the right pedipalp were flipped horizontally (mirrored) to facilitate direct comparison according to our left pedipalp convention. Thus they represent the appearance of the left pedipalp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3875222" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3875222/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 9</figureCitation>
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). Unlike some
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<taxonomicName id="DAB550F8FFB7784DFD0FF909803EF8C5" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1868" box="[687,841,1766,1796]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Menemerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="2FC1F769FFB7784DFD0FF909803EF8C5" box="[687,841,1766,1796]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Menemerus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, the embolus has a single (not bifurcated) apex.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1D0A2B7BFFB7784CFFC0F8DC864AFEFA" blockId="0.[96,1536,1841,1984]" lastBlockId="1.[96,1535,172,315]" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Many of the photographs of
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<taxonomicName id="DAB550F8FFB7784DFDA8F8DE8007F891" authority="(L. Koch 1878)" baseAuthorityName="L. Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[520,880,1841,1872]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Menemerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulvus">
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<emphasis id="2FC1F769FFB7784DFDA8F8DE81F1F88E" box="[520,646,1841,1871]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. fulvus</emphasis>
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(L.
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<bibRefCitation id="7924568AFFB7784DFD69F8DD8011F891" author="Koch, L." box="[713,870,1842,1872]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="735 - 798" refId="ref2935" refString="Koch, L. 1878. Japanesische Arachniden und Myriapoden. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koniglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 27: 735 - 798." type="journal article" year="1878">Koch 1878</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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that have been posted on the internet (e.g., iNaturalist 2020), all from south and southeast Asia, may actually represent
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<taxonomicName id="DAB550F8FFB7784DFBD9F8B987ACF8B5" authorityName="Wesolowska & Freudenschuss" authorityYear="2012" box="[1145,1243,1878,1908]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Menemerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigli">
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<emphasis id="2FC1F769FFB7784DFBD9F8B987ACF8B5" box="[1145,1243,1878,1908]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. nigli</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Unfortunately more recent drawings of the pedipalp of that species (e.g., Bohdanowitz & Prószyński 1987) bear little resemblance to the drawing presented with the original description (L.
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="7924568AFFB7784DFBDFF84C8669F801" author="Koch, L." box="[1151,1310,1955,1984]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="735 - 798" refId="ref2935" refString="Koch, L. 1878. Japanesische Arachniden und Myriapoden. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koniglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 27: 735 - 798." type="journal article" year="1878">Koch 1878</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). As noted by Wesołowska in her revision of the African
|
|
<taxonomicName id="DAB550F8FFB6784CFD04FF4380D0FF0A" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1868" box="[676,935,172,203]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Menemerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="2FC1F769FFB6784CFD04FF438049FF0B" box="[676,830,172,202]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Menemerus</emphasis>
|
|
(1999)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, "the majority of species (except few widely distributed) are very poorly known, the descriptions in older publications are inadequate and not supplemented with figures. Numerous specimens in museum collections are misidentified or unidentified." Presently a revision of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="DAB550F8FFB6784CFDFDFEF28180FEFA" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1868" box="[605,759,285,315]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Menemerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="2FC1F769FFB6784CFDFDFEF28180FEFA" box="[605,759,285,315]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Menemerus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
that includes the Asiatic species is needed.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="49CA7BF3FFB6784CFFC0FBFC872AFB8A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3875202" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3875202" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3875202/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" targetBox="[96,1536,384,1033]" targetPageId="1">
|
|
<paragraph id="1D0A2B7BFFB6784CFFC0FBFC872AFB8A" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
|
|
<emphasis id="2FC1F769FFB6784CFFC0FBFC83BAFBEA" bold="true" box="[96,205,1043,1067]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Figure 1.</emphasis>
|
|
Known distribution of
|
|
<emphasis id="2FC1F769FFB6784CFE44FBFD81E9FBEA" box="[484,670,1042,1067]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Menemerus nigli</emphasis>
|
|
. The Brazilian sites (5, at lower left) are far removed from other localities where this species has been found in southern and southeastern Asia (1-4, at upper right).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption id="49CA7BF3FFB6784CFFC0F99E86DDF968" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3875206" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3875206" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3875206/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" startId="1.[96,175,1649,1673]" targetBox="[96,1536,1163,1637]" targetPageId="1">
|
|
<paragraph id="1D0A2B7BFFB6784CFFC0F99E86DDF968" blockId="1.[96,1535,1648,1705]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
|
|
<emphasis id="2FC1F769FFB6784CFFC0F99E83BBF948" bold="true" box="[96,204,1649,1673]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Figure 2.</emphasis>
|
|
Location of the two urban sites where
|
|
<taxonomicName id="DAB550F8FFB6784CFD2EF99F8030F948" authorityName="Wesolowska & Freudenschuss" authorityYear="2012" box="[654,839,1648,1673]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Menemerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigli">
|
|
<emphasis id="2FC1F769FFB6784CFD2EF99F8030F948" box="[654,839,1648,1673]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Menemerus nigli</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
has been found based on our study sites (1) and another site (2) where this species has been observed. Both sites are on the western side of Guanabara Bay in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption id="49CA7BF3FFB5784FFFC0F8E4866DF8E5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3875208" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3875208" box="[96,1306,1802,1828]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3875208/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" startId="2.[96,175,1803,1827]" targetBox="[96,1536,165,1792]" targetPageId="2">
|
|
<paragraph id="1D0A2B7BFFB5784FFFC0F8E4866DF8E5" blockId="2.[96,1306,1802,1828]" box="[96,1306,1802,1828]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
|
<emphasis id="2FC1F769FFB5784FFFC0F8E483BCF8E2" bold="true" box="[96,203,1803,1827]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
|
Views of an adult male (♂ #1)
|
|
<taxonomicName id="DAB550F8FFB5784FFD90F8E5819FF8E2" authorityName="Wesolowska & Freudenschuss" authorityYear="2012" box="[560,744,1802,1827]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Menemerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigli">
|
|
<emphasis id="2FC1F769FFB5784FFD90F8E5819FF8E2" box="[560,744,1802,1827]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Menemerus nigli</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
from site 1.2 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (FEB 2020).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption id="49CA7BF3FFB4784EFFC0F8E5866DF8E3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3875210" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3875210" box="[96,1306,1801,1826]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3875210/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" startId="3.[96,175,1802,1826]" targetBox="[96,1536,165,1792]" targetPageId="3">
|
|
<paragraph id="1D0A2B7BFFB4784EFFC0F8E5866DF8E3" blockId="3.[96,1306,1801,1826]" box="[96,1306,1801,1826]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
|
<emphasis id="2FC1F769FFB4784EFFC0F8E583BCF8E3" bold="true" box="[96,203,1802,1826]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
|
Views of an adult male (♂ #2)
|
|
<taxonomicName id="DAB550F8FFB4784EFD90F8E6819FF8E3" authorityName="Wesolowska & Freudenschuss" authorityYear="2012" box="[560,744,1801,1826]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Menemerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigli">
|
|
<emphasis id="2FC1F769FFB4784EFD90F8E6819FF8E3" box="[560,744,1801,1826]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Menemerus nigli</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
from site 1.1 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (FEB 2020).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption id="49CA7BF3FFB37849FFC0F8E28192F885" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3875212" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3875212" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3875212/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" startId="4.[96,175,1805,1829]" targetBox="[96,1536,165,1792]" targetPageId="4">
|
|
<paragraph id="1D0A2B7BFFB37849FFC0F8E28192F885" blockId="4.[96,1533,1804,1861]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
|
<emphasis id="2FC1F769FFB37849FFC0F8E283BCF8E4" bold="true" box="[96,203,1805,1829]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
|
More views of an adult male (♂ #2)
|
|
<taxonomicName id="DAB550F8FFB37849FDD7F8E38047F8E4" authorityName="Wesolowska & Freudenschuss" authorityYear="2012" box="[631,816,1804,1829]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Menemerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigli">
|
|
<emphasis id="2FC1F769FFB37849FDD7F8E38047F8E4" box="[631,816,1804,1829]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Menemerus nigli</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
from site 1.1 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (FEB 2020). As in Figure 13, this spider was photographed on a 1 mm square grid.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption id="49CA7BF3FFB27848FFC0F8FF876EF8A6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3875214" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3875214" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3875214/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" startId="5.[96,176,1808,1832]" targetBox="[96,1536,165,1795]" targetPageId="5">
|
|
<paragraph id="1D0A2B7BFFB27848FFC0F8FF876EF8A6" blockId="5.[96,1537,1807,1895]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
|
<emphasis id="2FC1F769FFB27848FFC0F8FF83BAF8E9" bold="true" box="[96,205,1808,1832]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figure 6.</emphasis>
|
|
Detailed views of an adult male (♂ #2)
|
|
<taxonomicName id="DAB550F8FFB27848FD0CF8E08010F8E9" authorityName="Wesolowska & Freudenschuss" authorityYear="2012" box="[684,871,1807,1832]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Menemerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigli">
|
|
<emphasis id="2FC1F769FFB27848FD0CF8E08010F8E9" box="[684,871,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Menemerus nigli</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
|
|
<emphasis id="2FC1F769FFB27848FB17F8FF8791F8E9" bold="true" box="[1207,1254,1808,1832]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">1-2,</emphasis>
|
|
Note the long, off-white setae situated on the dorsum of each cymbium, and the relatively narrow line of white setae across the clypeus.
|
|
<emphasis id="2FC1F769FFB27848FADFF8DF86E2F889" bold="true" box="[1407,1429,1840,1864]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">4,</emphasis>
|
|
Note the lack of a middorsal line and the presence of chevrons at the rear of the opisthosoma.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption id="49CA7BF3FFB1784BFF1CFBFF87DFFBE9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3875216" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3875216" box="[188,1192,1039,1064]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3875216/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" startId="6.[188,267,1040,1064]" targetBox="[192,1440,165,1031]" targetPageId="6">
|
|
<paragraph id="1D0A2B7BFFB1784BFF1CFBFF87DFFBE9" blockId="6.[188,1192,1039,1064]" box="[188,1192,1039,1064]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
|
<emphasis id="2FC1F769FFB1784BFF1CFBFF8250FBE9" bold="true" box="[188,295,1040,1064]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figure 7.</emphasis>
|
|
Views of adult male
|
|
<taxonomicName id="DAB550F8FFB1784BFDB7FBE081B8FBE9" authorityName="Wesolowska & Freudenschuss" authorityYear="2012" box="[535,719,1039,1064]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Menemerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigli">
|
|
<emphasis id="2FC1F769FFB1784BFDB7FBE081B8FBE9" box="[535,719,1039,1064]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Menemerus nigli</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
specimens from Rio de Janeiro in alcohol.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption id="49CA7BF3FFB1784BFE86F84C8643F87A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3875220" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3875220" box="[294,1332,1954,1979]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3875220/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" startId="6.[294,374,1955,1979]" targetBox="[298,1335,1119,1943]" targetPageId="6">
|
|
<paragraph id="1D0A2B7BFFB1784BFE86F84C8643F87A" blockId="6.[294,1332,1954,2011]" box="[294,1332,1954,1979]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
|
<emphasis id="2FC1F769FFB1784BFE86F84C82E5F87A" bold="true" box="[294,402,1955,1979]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figure 8.</emphasis>
|
|
Detailed views of adult male
|
|
<taxonomicName id="DAB550F8FFB1784BFD53F84D80D9F87A" authorityName="Wesolowska & Freudenschuss" authorityYear="2012" box="[755,942,1954,1979]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Menemerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigli">
|
|
<emphasis id="2FC1F769FFB1784BFD53F84D80D9F87A" box="[755,942,1954,1979]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Menemerus nigli</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
specimens from Rio de Janeiro in
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph id="1D0A2B7BFFB1784BFE86F82C8209F81A" blockId="6.[294,1332,1954,2011]" box="[294,382,1987,2011]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">alcohol.</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="49CA7BF3FFB0784AFFC0FA3D81ADF9E9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3875222" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3875222" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3875222/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" startId="7.[96,175,1490,1514]" targetBox="[96,1536,165,1475]" targetPageId="7">
|
|
<paragraph id="1D0A2B7BFFB0784AFFC0FA3D81ADF9E9" blockId="7.[96,1536,1489,1576]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
|
<emphasis id="2FC1F769FFB0784AFFC0FA3D83BCFA2B" bold="true" box="[96,203,1490,1514]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figure 9.</emphasis>
|
|
Left (♂ #1) or right (♂ #2) pedipalp of two adult male
|
|
<taxonomicName id="DAB550F8FFB0784AFCE9FA3E8775FA2B" authorityName="Wesolowska & Freudenschuss" authorityYear="2012" box="[841,1026,1489,1514]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Menemerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigli">
|
|
<emphasis id="2FC1F769FFB0784AFCE9FA3E8775FA2B" box="[841,1026,1489,1514]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Menemerus nigli</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Images from the right pedipalp were flipped horizontally (mirrored) to facilitate direct comparison according to our left pedipalp convention. Thus they represent the appearance of the left pedipalp.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph id="1D0A2B7BFFB0784AFFC0F9B886C2F97E" blockId="7.[96,1534,1623,1727]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
|
Penultimate males (
|
|
<figureCitation id="858E37FEFFB0784AFED2F9B8828BF9B5" box="[370,508,1623,1652]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="8.[96,175,1259,1283]" captionTargetBox="[96,1536,165,1248]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[96,1536,165,1248]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 10. Views of a penultimate male Menemerus nigli from site 1.1 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (FEB 2020)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3875224" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3875224/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figure 10</figureCitation>
|
|
) were similar to adult females but darker in appearance with fewer lightcolored setae, but identifiable as males by the presence of club-shaped cymbium at the end of each pedipalp. They lacked the white setae on the medial side of each paturon as found in the adult male.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="49CA7BF3FFBF7845FFC0FB048660FAC2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3875224" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3875224" box="[96,1303,1258,1283]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3875224/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" startId="8.[96,175,1259,1283]" targetBox="[96,1536,165,1248]" targetPageId="8">
|
|
<paragraph id="1D0A2B7BFFBF7845FFC0FB048660FAC2" blockId="8.[96,1303,1258,1283]" box="[96,1303,1258,1283]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
|
<emphasis id="2FC1F769FFBF7845FFC0FB0483ACFAC2" bold="true" box="[96,219,1259,1283]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figure 10.</emphasis>
|
|
Views of a penultimate male
|
|
<taxonomicName id="DAB550F8FFBF7845FD8DFB058191FAC2" authorityName="Wesolowska & Freudenschuss" authorityYear="2012" box="[557,742,1258,1283]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Menemerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigli">
|
|
<emphasis id="2FC1F769FFBF7845FD8DFB058191FAC2" box="[557,742,1258,1283]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Menemerus nigli</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
from site 1.1 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (FEB 2020).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph id="1D0A2B7BFFBF7845FFC0FADE8198F995" blockId="8.[96,1535,1328,1620]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
|
Adult female
|
|
<taxonomicName id="DAB550F8FFBF7845FEB7FADF8283FA8F" authorityName="Wesolowska & Freudenschuss" authorityYear="2012" box="[279,500,1328,1358]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Menemerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigli">
|
|
<emphasis id="2FC1F769FFBF7845FEB7FADF8283FA8F" box="[279,500,1328,1358]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Menemerus nigli</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<figureCitation id="858E37FEFFBF7845FDA6FADE81BDFA8F" box="[518,714,1329,1358]" captionStart-0="Figure 11" captionStart-1="Figure 12" captionStart-2="Figure 13" captionStart-3="Figure 14" captionStart-4="Figure 15" captionStart-5="Figure 16" captionStart-6="Figure 17" captionStart-7="Figure 18" captionStartId-0="9.[96,175,1805,1829]" captionStartId-1="10.[238,317,1043,1067]" captionStartId-2="10.[238,317,1986,2010]" captionStartId-3="11.[96,176,1808,1832]" captionStartId-4="12.[190,269,1068,1092]" captionStartId-5="12.[296,376,1958,1982]" captionStartId-6="13.[112,192,1943,1967]" captionStartId-7="14.[114,193,1231,1255]" captionTargetBox-0="[96,1536,165,1792]" captionTargetBox-1="[240,1392,165,1031]" captionTargetBox-2="[240,1383,1123,1961]" captionTargetBox-3="[96,1536,165,1795]" captionTargetBox-4="[192,1440,165,1060]" captionTargetBox-5="[298,1335,1123,1949]" captionTargetBox-6="[115,1517,165,1934]" captionTargetBox-7="[115,1517,165,1219]" captionTargetId-0="figure@9.[96,1536,165,1792]" captionTargetId-1="figure@10.[240,1392,165,1031]" captionTargetId-2="figure@10.[240,1392,1113,1979]" captionTargetId-3="figure@11.[96,1536,165,1795]" captionTargetId-4="figure@12.[192,1440,165,1060]" captionTargetId-5="figure@12.[298,1335,1123,1949]" captionTargetId-6="figure@13.[115,1517,165,1934]" captionTargetId-7="figure@14.[115,1517,165,1219]" captionTargetPageId-0="9" captionTargetPageId-1="10" captionTargetPageId-2="10" captionTargetPageId-3="11" captionTargetPageId-4="12" captionTargetPageId-5="12" captionTargetPageId-6="13" captionTargetPageId-7="14" captionText-0="Figure 11. Views of an adult female (♀ #3) Menemerus nigli from site 1.1 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (AUG 2019)." captionText-1="Figure 12. Adult female (♀ #1) Menemerus nigli from site 1.2 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (FEB 2020)." captionText-2="Figure 13. Adult female (♀ #2) Menemerus nigli from site 1.1 in Rio de Janeiro (FEB 2020)." captionText-3="Figure 14. Detailed views of an adult female (♀ #1) Menemerus nigli from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 1-2, Note the dark brown color of the pedipalps, orange scales around the AME, and the relatively narrow line of white to off-white setae across the clypeus. 4, Note the lack of dark marginal bands and the presence of three chevrons at the rear of the opisthosoma." captionText-4="Figure 15. Views of adult female Menemerus nigli specimens from Rio de Janeiro in alcohol." captionText-5="Figure 16. Detailed views of adult female Menemerus nigli specimens from Rio de Janeiro in alcohol." captionText-6="Figure 17. Epigynum of two female Menemerus nigli from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 1-2, Specimens in alcohol, with anterior toward the top of the page. 3-4, Ventral view of cleared epigynum. 5-6, Dorsal view of cleared epigynum." captionText-7="Figure 18. Ventral views of Menemerus nigli from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 1, Adult male. 2-4, Two adult females." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3875226" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3875230" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3875232" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3875235" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3875237" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3875239" figureDoi-6="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3875241" figureDoi-7="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3875243" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3875226/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3875230/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/3875232/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/3875235/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/3875237/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/3875239/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/3875241/files/figure.png" httpUri-7="https://zenodo.org/record/3875243/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figures 11-18</figureCitation>
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|
) were similar to penultimate in coloration, with shiny black chelicerae and lacking the white setae found on the medial side of each paturon of the adult male. Like males they have a band of white to off-white scales across the clypeus. In comparison, adult female
|
|
<taxonomicName id="DAB550F8FFBF7845FA7EFA948397FA7F" baseAuthorityName="Dufour" baseAuthorityYear="1831" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Menemerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bivittatus">
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|
<emphasis id="2FC1F769FFBF7845FA7EFA948397FA7F" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">M. bivittatus</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
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|
<figureCitation id="858E37FEFFBF7845FF53FA4E820AFA7E" box="[243,381,1441,1471]" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="19.[96,175,1805,1829]" captionTargetBox="[96,1536,165,1792]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[96,1536,165,1792]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 23. Adult females, Menemerus bivittatus in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3875253" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3875253/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figure 23</figureCitation>
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) have a solid cover of orange setae around the front eyes and covering the clypeus. Compared to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="DAB550F8FFBF7845FEB9FA2A82B6FA22" baseAuthorityName="Dufour" baseAuthorityYear="1831" box="[281,449,1477,1507]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Menemerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bivittatus">
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<emphasis id="2FC1F769FFBF7845FEB9FA2A82B6FA22" box="[281,449,1477,1507]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">M. bivittatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, adult female
|
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<taxonomicName id="DAB550F8FFBF7845FD22FA2A8192FA22" authorityName="Wesolowska & Freudenschuss" authorityYear="2012" box="[642,741,1477,1507]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Menemerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigli">
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<emphasis id="2FC1F769FFBF7845FD22FA2A8192FA22" box="[642,741,1477,1507]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">M. nigli</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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have a more variegated (light or dark brown) rather than light brown array of dark setae on the dorsal opisthosoma, and lack dark lateral bands around the opisthosoma. The pedipalps of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="DAB550F8FFBF7845FDBEF9FF81BFF9EF" baseAuthorityName="Dufour" baseAuthorityYear="1831" box="[542,712,1552,1582]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Menemerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bivittatus">
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<emphasis id="2FC1F769FFBF7845FDBEF9FF81BFF9EF" box="[542,712,1552,1582]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">M. bivittatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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females are also lighter in color rather than brown, with a more complete cover of white to off-white setae.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1D0A2B7BFFBF7845FFC0F96D8064F904" blockId="8.[96,1533,1665,1733]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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The epigynum of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="DAB550F8FFBF7845FEF9F96E82C9F95E" authorityName="Wesolowska & Freudenschuss" authorityYear="2012" box="[345,446,1665,1695]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Menemerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigli">
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<emphasis id="2FC1F769FFBF7845FEF9F96E82C9F95E" box="[345,446,1665,1695]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">M. nigli</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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|
, with wide atria open toward the front and a pair of posterior spermathecae (
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<figureCitation id="858E37FEFFBF7845FFC9F9478387F904" box="[105,240,1704,1733]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="13.[112,192,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[115,1517,165,1934]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[115,1517,165,1934]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 17. Epigynum of two female Menemerus nigli from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 1-2, Specimens in alcohol, with anterior toward the top of the page. 3-4, Ventral view of cleared epigynum. 5-6, Dorsal view of cleared epigynum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3875241" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3875241/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figure 17</figureCitation>
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), was first described by
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|
<bibRefCitation id="7924568AFFBF7845FD9AF9478079F904" author="Ali, P. A. & W. P. Maddison & M. Zahid & A. Butt" box="[570,782,1704,1733]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 15" refId="ref2426" refString="Ali, P. A., W. P. Maddison, M. Zahid and A. Butt. 2018. New chrysilline and aelurilline jumping spiders from Pakistan (Araneae, Salticidae). ZooKeys 783: 1 - 15." type="journal article" year="2018">Ali et al. (2018)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="49CA7BF3FFBE7844FFC0F8E28635F8E4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3875226" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3875226" box="[96,1346,1804,1829]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3875226/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" startId="9.[96,175,1805,1829]" targetBox="[96,1536,165,1792]" targetPageId="9">
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<paragraph id="1D0A2B7BFFBE7844FFC0F8E28635F8E4" blockId="9.[96,1346,1804,1829]" box="[96,1346,1804,1829]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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|
<emphasis id="2FC1F769FFBE7844FFC0F8E283ACF8E4" bold="true" box="[96,219,1805,1829]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figure 11.</emphasis>
|
|
Views of an adult female (♀ #3)
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|
<taxonomicName id="DAB550F8FFBE7844FDF5F8E3807AF8E4" authorityName="Wesolowska & Freudenschuss" authorityYear="2012" box="[597,781,1804,1829]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Menemerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigli">
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|
<emphasis id="2FC1F769FFBE7844FDF5F8E3807AF8E4" box="[597,781,1804,1829]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Menemerus nigli</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
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from site 1.1 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (AUG 2019).
|
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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|
<caption id="49CA7BF3FFBD7847FF4EFBFC863FFBED" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3875230" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3875230" box="[238,1352,1042,1068]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3875230/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" startId="10.[238,317,1043,1067]" targetBox="[240,1392,165,1031]" targetPageId="10">
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<paragraph id="1D0A2B7BFFBD7847FF4EFBFC863FFBED" blockId="10.[238,1352,1042,1068]" box="[238,1352,1042,1068]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<emphasis id="2FC1F769FFBD7847FF4EFBFC821EFBEA" bold="true" box="[238,361,1043,1067]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figure 12.</emphasis>
|
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Adult female (♀ #1)
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|
<taxonomicName id="DAB550F8FFBD7847FDFEFBFD8061FBEA" authorityName="Wesolowska & Freudenschuss" authorityYear="2012" box="[606,790,1042,1067]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Menemerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigli">
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<emphasis id="2FC1F769FFBD7847FDFEFBFD8061FBEA" box="[606,790,1042,1067]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Menemerus nigli</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from site 1.2 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (FEB 2020).
|
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
|
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<caption id="49CA7BF3FFBD7847FF4EF82D878DF81A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3875232" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3875232" box="[238,1274,1985,2011]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3875232/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" startId="10.[238,317,1986,2010]" targetBox="[240,1383,1123,1961]" targetPageId="10">
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<paragraph id="1D0A2B7BFFBD7847FF4EF82D878DF81A" blockId="10.[238,1274,1985,2011]" box="[238,1274,1985,2011]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<emphasis id="2FC1F769FFBD7847FF4EF82D821EF81B" bold="true" box="[238,361,1986,2010]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figure 13.</emphasis>
|
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Adult female (♀ #2)
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<taxonomicName id="DAB550F8FFBD7847FDFEF82E8061F81B" authorityName="Wesolowska & Freudenschuss" authorityYear="2012" box="[606,790,1985,2010]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Menemerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigli">
|
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<emphasis id="2FC1F769FFBD7847FDFEF82E8061F81B" box="[606,790,1985,2010]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Menemerus nigli</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
from site 1.1 in Rio de Janeiro (FEB 2020).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
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</caption>
|
|
<caption id="49CA7BF3FFBC7846FFC0F8FF860EF8A6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3875235" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3875235" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3875235/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" startId="11.[96,176,1808,1832]" targetBox="[96,1536,165,1795]" targetPageId="11">
|
|
<paragraph id="1D0A2B7BFFBC7846FFC0F8FF860EF8A6" blockId="11.[96,1536,1807,1895]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
|
<emphasis id="2FC1F769FFBC7846FFC0F8FF83AAF8E9" bold="true" box="[96,221,1808,1832]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figure 14.</emphasis>
|
|
Detailed views of an adult female (♀ #1)
|
|
<taxonomicName id="DAB550F8FFBC7846FD6EF8E080FFF8E9" authorityName="Wesolowska & Freudenschuss" authorityYear="2012" box="[718,904,1807,1832]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Menemerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigli">
|
|
<emphasis id="2FC1F769FFBC7846FD6EF8E080FFF8E9" box="[718,904,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Menemerus nigli</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
|
|
<emphasis id="2FC1F769FFBC7846FB77F8FF8671F8E9" bold="true" box="[1239,1286,1808,1832]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">1-2,</emphasis>
|
|
Note the dark brown color of the pedipalps, orange scales around the AME, and the relatively narrow line of white to off-white setae across the clypeus.
|
|
<emphasis id="2FC1F769FFBC7846FF67F8A083AAF8A6" bold="true" box="[199,221,1871,1895]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">4,</emphasis>
|
|
Note the lack of dark marginal bands and the presence of three chevrons at the rear of the opisthosoma.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption id="49CA7BF3FFBB7841FF1EFBC387B8FB85" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3875237" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3875237" box="[190,1231,1067,1092]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3875237/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" startId="12.[190,269,1068,1092]" targetBox="[192,1440,165,1060]" targetPageId="12">
|
|
<paragraph id="1D0A2B7BFFBB7841FF1EFBC387B8FB85" blockId="12.[190,1231,1067,1092]" box="[190,1231,1067,1092]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
|
<emphasis id="2FC1F769FFBB7841FF1EFBC3824EFB85" bold="true" box="[190,313,1068,1092]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figure 15.</emphasis>
|
|
Views of adult female
|
|
<taxonomicName id="DAB550F8FFBB7841FD9EFBC48181FB85" authorityName="Wesolowska & Freudenschuss" authorityYear="2012" box="[574,758,1067,1092]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Menemerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigli">
|
|
<emphasis id="2FC1F769FFBB7841FD9EFBC48181FB85" box="[574,758,1067,1092]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Menemerus nigli</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
specimens from Rio de Janeiro in alcohol.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption id="49CA7BF3FFBB7841FE88F84982EAF81F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3875239" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3875239" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3875239/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" startId="12.[296,376,1958,1982]" targetBox="[298,1335,1123,1949]" targetPageId="12">
|
|
<paragraph id="1D0A2B7BFFBB7841FE88F849864FF87F" blockId="12.[296,1336,1957,2014]" box="[296,1336,1957,1982]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
|
<emphasis id="2FC1F769FFBB7841FE88F84982D3F87F" bold="true" box="[296,420,1958,1982]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figure 16.</emphasis>
|
|
Detailed views of adult female
|
|
<taxonomicName id="DAB550F8FFBB7841FCB7F84A80A6F87F" authorityName="Wesolowska & Freudenschuss" authorityYear="2012" box="[791,977,1957,1982]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Menemerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigli">
|
|
<emphasis id="2FC1F769FFBB7841FCB7F84A80A6F87F" box="[791,977,1957,1982]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Menemerus nigli</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
specimens from Rio de Janeiro
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="1D0A2B7BFFBB7841FE88F82982EAF81F" blockId="12.[296,1336,1957,2014]" box="[296,413,1990,2014]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">in alcohol.</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption id="49CA7BF3FFBA7840FFD0F878866CF80F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3875241" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3875241" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3875241/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" startId="13.[112,192,1943,1967]" targetBox="[115,1517,165,1934]" targetPageId="13">
|
|
<paragraph id="1D0A2B7BFFBA7840FFD0F878866CF80F" blockId="13.[112,1517,1942,1999]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
|
<emphasis id="2FC1F769FFBA7840FFD0F878839BF86E" bold="true" box="[112,236,1943,1967]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figure 17.</emphasis>
|
|
Epigynum of two female
|
|
<taxonomicName id="DAB550F8FFBA7840FDBBF87981A2F86E" authorityName="Wesolowska & Freudenschuss" authorityYear="2012" box="[539,725,1942,1967]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Menemerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigli">
|
|
<emphasis id="2FC1F769FFBA7840FDBBF87981A2F86E" box="[539,725,1942,1967]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Menemerus nigli</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
|
|
<emphasis id="2FC1F769FFBA7840FB81F8788727F86E" bold="true" box="[1057,1104,1943,1967]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">1-2,</emphasis>
|
|
Specimens in alcohol, with anterior toward the top of the page.
|
|
<emphasis id="2FC1F769FFBA7840FE0CF85982ADF80F" bold="true" box="[428,474,1974,1998]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">3-4,</emphasis>
|
|
Ventral view of cleared epigynum.
|
|
<emphasis id="2FC1F769FFBA7840FCCDF85980EBF80F" bold="true" box="[877,924,1974,1998]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">5-6,</emphasis>
|
|
Dorsal view of cleared epigynum.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption id="49CA7BF3FFB97843FFD2FB208617FB26" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3875243" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3875243" box="[114,1376,1230,1255]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3875243/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" startId="14.[114,193,1231,1255]" targetBox="[115,1517,165,1219]" targetPageId="14">
|
|
<paragraph id="1D0A2B7BFFB97843FFD2FB208617FB26" blockId="14.[114,1376,1230,1255]" box="[114,1376,1230,1255]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
|
<emphasis id="2FC1F769FFB97843FFD2FB20839AFB26" bold="true" box="[114,237,1231,1255]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figure 18.</emphasis>
|
|
Ventral views of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="DAB550F8FFB97843FE14FB21811AFB26" authorityName="Wesolowska & Freudenschuss" authorityYear="2012" box="[436,621,1230,1255]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Menemerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigli">
|
|
<emphasis id="2FC1F769FFB97843FE14FB21811AFB26" box="[436,621,1230,1255]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Menemerus nigli</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
|
|
<emphasis id="2FC1F769FFB97843FC0DFB2080B4FB26" bold="true" box="[941,963,1231,1255]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1,</emphasis>
|
|
Adult male.
|
|
<emphasis id="2FC1F769FFB97843FBF6FB2087F3FB26" bold="true" box="[1110,1156,1231,1255]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">2-4,</emphasis>
|
|
Two adult females.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<subSubSection id="55AF78F0FFB97843FFC0FAFA861DF815" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="discussion">
|
|
<paragraph id="1D0A2B7BFFB97843FFC0FAFA874DF942" blockId="14.[96,1536,1300,1667]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
|
<collectorName id="B0404EADFFB97843FFC0FAFA83E3FAF3" box="[96,148,1301,1330]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Our</collectorName>
|
|
study sites (1.1 and 1.2, located 260 meters apart from each other) where
|
|
<taxonomicName id="DAB550F8FFB97843FB2FFAFB861CFAF3" authorityName="Wesolowska & Freudenschuss" authorityYear="2012" box="[1167,1387,1300,1330]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Menemerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigli">
|
|
<emphasis id="2FC1F769FFB97843FB2FFAFB861CFAF3" box="[1167,1387,1300,1330]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Menemerus nigli</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
was found in
|
|
<collectingRegion id="DF71E599FFB97843FF22FAD58237FA96" box="[130,320,1338,1367]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
|
|
are shown in
|
|
<figureCitation id="858E37FEFFB97843FE5FFAD581C8FA99" box="[511,703,1338,1368]" captionStart-0="Figure 19" captionStart-1="Figure 20" captionStartId-0="15.[96,175,1808,1832]" captionStartId-1="16.[96,175,1811,1835]" captionTargetBox-0="[96,1536,165,1798]" captionTargetBox-1="[96,1536,165,1798]" captionTargetId-0="figure@15.[96,1536,165,1798]" captionTargetId-1="figure@16.[96,1536,165,1798]" captionTargetPageId-0="15" captionTargetPageId-1="16" captionText-0="Figure 19. Site 1.1 for Menemerus nigli in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 1-3, Views of exterior concrete wall covered with stucco and paint. 4, Female near crevice in wall. 5-6, Male on wall. 7-8, Female on wall." captionText-1="Figure 20. Site 1.2 for Menemerus bivittatus and M. nigli in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 1-3, Painted walls of buildings near parking spaces. 4, 6-7, Three adult female M. bivittatus on wall. 5, Adult male M. bivittatus on wall." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3875245" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3875247" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3875245/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3875247/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figures 19-20</figureCitation>
|
|
.
|
|
<collectorName id="B0404EADFFB97843FD72FAD58035FA96" box="[722,834,1338,1367]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Another</collectorName>
|
|
observer found
|
|
<taxonomicName id="DAB550F8FFB97843FB83FAD68788FA96" authorityName="Wesolowska & Freudenschuss" authorityYear="2012" box="[1059,1279,1337,1367]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Menemerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigli">
|
|
<emphasis id="2FC1F769FFB97843FB83FAD68788FA96" box="[1059,1279,1337,1367]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Menemerus nigli</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
at a third site (site 2),
|
|
<quantity id="DA4D869EFFB97843FF2FFA8F8387FABC" box="[143,240,1376,1405]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="km" value="2.4">2.4 km</quantity>
|
|
apart from our sites (
|
|
<figureCitation id="858E37FEFFB97843FD84FA8F81DCFABC" box="[548,683,1376,1405]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="1.[96,175,1649,1673]" captionTargetBox="[96,1536,1163,1637]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[96,1536,1163,1637]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figure 2. Location of the two urban sites where Menemerus nigli has been found based on our study sites (1) and another site (2) where this species has been observed. Both sites are on the western side of Guanabara Bay in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3875206" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3875206/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figures 2</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation id="858E37FEFFB97843FD19FA8F8197FABC" box="[697,736,1376,1405]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="17.[429,508,837,861]" captionTargetBox="[432,1200,203,821]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[432,1200,203,821]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 21. Additional record of Menemerus nigli in the state of Rio de Janeiro (OCT 2017). This immature or female spider was found at site 2, on a wall of a house. Photography by Fernando Vinícius Gomes de Moraes, used with permission." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3875249" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3875249/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">21</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
<collectorName id="B0404EADFFB97843FCA4FA8F80E3FABC" box="[772,916,1376,1405]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Previously</collectorName>
|
|
, in
|
|
<collectorName id="B0404EADFFB97843FC67FA8F8773FABC" box="[967,1028,1376,1405]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Asia</collectorName>
|
|
, this species was found either on or under stones, or on an indoor wall (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="7924568AFFB97843FDEAFA6A874BFA62" author="Wesolowska, W. & M. Freudenschuss" box="[586,1084,1413,1443]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="449 - 453" refId="ref3239" refString="Wesolowska, W. and M. Freudenschuss. 2012. A new species of Menemerus from Pakistan (Araneae: Salticidae). Genus 23: 449 - 453." type="journal article" year="2012">Wesołowska & Freudenschuss 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="7924568AFFB97843FBEAFA6A8605FA62" author="Chatterjee, S. & J. T. D. Caleb & K. Tyagi & S. Kundu & V. Kumar, V." box="[1098,1394,1413,1443]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="109 - 111" refId="ref2507" refString="Chatterjee, S., J. T. D. Caleb, K. Tyagi, S. Kundu and V. Kumar, V. 2017. First report of Menemerus nigli (Araneae: Salticidae) from India. Halteres 8: 109 - 111." type="journal article" year="2017">Chatterjee et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="7924568AFFB97843FADFFA6A838BFA09" author="Seyfulina, R. R. & G. N. Azarkina & V. M. Kartsev" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="87 - 96" refId="ref3080" refString="Seyfulina, R. R., G. N. Azarkina and V. M. Kartsev. 2020. A contribution to the knowledge of jumping spiders from Thailand (Aranei: Salticidae). Arthropoda Selecta 29 (1): 87 - 96." type="journal article" year="2020">Seyfulina et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
<location id="186A7DA0FFB97843FEBFFA43824AFA09" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:951C9A6DFFB77843FFC0FAA4861DF815:186A7DA0FFB97843FEBFFA43824AFA09" box="[287,317,1452,1480]" name="In" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" stateProvince="Rio de Janeiro">In</location>
|
|
<collectingRegion id="DF71E599FFB97843FEE6FA448179FA09" box="[326,526,1451,1480]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
|
|
it was found only in a synanthropic context, living on the same kind of painted concrete or stucco exterior walls where the cosmopolitan
|
|
<emphasis id="2FC1F769FFB97843FBB3FA2087C8FA2C" box="[1043,1215,1487,1517]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="DAB550F8FFB97843FBB3FA208746FA2C" baseAuthorityName="Dufour" baseAuthorityYear="1831" box="[1043,1073,1487,1517]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Menemerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bivittatus">M</taxonomicName>
|
|
. bivittatus
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
(
|
|
<figureCitation id="858E37FEFFB97843FB74FA3F861AFA2F" box="[1236,1389,1488,1518]" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="16.[96,175,1811,1835]" captionTargetBox="[96,1536,165,1798]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[96,1536,165,1798]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 20. Site 1.2 for Menemerus bivittatus and M. nigli in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 1-3, Painted walls of buildings near parking spaces. 4, 6-7, Three adult female M. bivittatus on wall. 5, Adult male M. bivittatus on wall." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3875247" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3875247/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figures 20</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation id="858E37FEFFB97843FADFFA3F86A4FA2C" box="[1407,1491,1488,1517]" captionStart-0="Figure 22" captionStart-1="Figure 23" captionStartId-0="18.[96,175,1805,1829]" captionStartId-1="19.[96,175,1805,1829]" captionTargetBox-0="[96,1536,165,1792]" captionTargetBox-1="[96,1536,165,1792]" captionTargetId-0="figure@18.[96,1536,165,1792]" captionTargetId-1="figure@19.[96,1536,165,1792]" captionTargetPageId-0="18" captionTargetPageId-1="19" captionText-0="Figure 22. Adult males, Menemerus bivittatus in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil." captionText-1="Figure 23. Adult females, Menemerus bivittatus in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3875251" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3875253" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3875251/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3875253/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">22-23</figureCitation>
|
|
) is often found.
|
|
<collectorName id="B0404EADFFB97843FEBEFA1982DAF9D2" box="[286,429,1526,1555]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Previously</collectorName>
|
|
, we reported the occurrence of the
|
|
<collectorName id="B0404EADFFB97843FC0AFA198778F9D2" box="[938,1039,1526,1555]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">African</collectorName>
|
|
salticid
|
|
<taxonomicName id="DAB550F8FFB97843FB29FA1B86C8F9D3" baseAuthorityName="Simon" baseAuthorityYear="1886" box="[1161,1471,1524,1554]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Thyene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coccineovittata">
|
|
<emphasis id="2FC1F769FFB97843FB29FA1B86C8F9D3" box="[1161,1471,1524,1554]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Thyene coccineovittata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
in a synanthropic context, but living on garden plants in
|
|
<collectingRegion id="DF71E599FFB97843FCE7F9F48779F9F9" box="[839,1038,1563,1592]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
|
|
and nearby areas (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="7924568AFFB97843FA81F9F483DBF99F" author="Mariante, R. M. & D. E. Hill" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 23" refId="ref3039" refString="Mariante, R. M. and D. E. Hill. 2019. First report of the African jumping spider Thyene coccineovittata (Araneae: Salticidae: Plexippina) in Brazil. Peckhamia 173.2: 1 - 23." type="book chapter" year="2019">Mariante & Hill 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
<location id="186A7DA0FFB97843FF6DF9AE8257F99F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:951C9A6DFFB77843FFC0FAA4861DF815:186A7DA0FFB97843FF6DF9AE8257F99F" box="[205,288,1601,1630]" name="These" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" stateProvince="Rio de Janeiro">These</location>
|
|
observations support the view that species that can adapt to anthropogenic habitats may be more successful in finding a niche when introduced to a remote place.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="1D0A2B7BFFB97843FFC0F95E861DF815" blockId="14.[96,1534,1713,2005]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
|
Intercontinental spider introductions are now taking place at high rate as a result of international trade (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="7924568AFFB97843FFC9F93882C9F935" author="Kobelt, M. & W. Nentwig" box="[105,446,1751,1780]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="273 - 280" refId="ref2905" refString="Kobelt, M. and W. Nentwig. 2008. Alien spider introductions to Europe supported by global trade. Diversity and Distributions 14: 273 - 280." type="journal article" year="2008">Kobelt & Nentwig 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). Introduced spiders are also known to displace native species (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="7924568AFFB97843FAFBF93883DDF8D8" author="Jakob, E. M. & A. H. Porter & H. Ginsberg & J. V. Bednarski & J. Houser" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="8" refId="ref2849" refString="Jakob, E. M., A. H. Porter, H. Ginsberg, J. V. Bednarski and J. Houser. 2011. A 4 - year study of invasive and native spider populations in Maine. Canadian Journal of Zoology 89 (8): 668 - 667." type="journal article" year="2011">Jakob et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="7924568AFFB97843FF1BF91282B2F8D8" author="Houser, J. D. & H. Ginsberg & E. M. Jakob" box="[187,453,1788,1817]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="2479 - 2488" refId="ref2731" refString="Houser, J. D., H. Ginsberg and E. M. Jakob. 2014. Competition between introduced and native spiders (Araneae: Linyphiidae). Biological Invasions 16: 2479 - 2488." type="journal article" year="2014">Houser et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). Each major biogeographical province has its own distinct fauna of salticid groups, and some of these may be the result of single-species introductions many millions of years ago. For example, the subtribe
|
|
<taxonomicName id="DAB550F8FFB97843FE77F8A88149F8A5" box="[471,574,1863,1892]" class="Arachnida" family="Hahniidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Freyina">Freyina</taxonomicName>
|
|
is an endemic Neotropical salticid clade (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="7924568AFFB97843FB35F8A88612F8A5" author="Edwards, G. B." box="[1173,1381,1863,1892]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 87" refId="ref2598" refString="Edwards, G. B. 2015. Freyinae, a major new subfamily of Neotropical jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae). Zootaxa 4036: 1 - 87." type="journal article" year="2015">Edwards 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="7924568AFFB97843FAD7F8A883DDF848" author="Maddison, W. P." pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="231 - 292" refId="ref3010" refString="Maddison, W. P. 2015. A phylogenetic classification of jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae). Journal of Arachnology 43: 231 - 292." type="journal article" year="2015">Maddison 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) that may have evolved from a single species of Afrotropical origin, just as the caviomorph rodents of South America represent a monophyletic group that evolved from a single introduction from Africa (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="7924568AFFB97843FFC9F8578226F814" author="Lessa, E. P. & J. A. Cook & G. D'Elia & J. C. Opazo" box="[105,337,1975,2005]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 7" refId="ref2959" refString="Lessa, E. P., J. A. Cook, G. D'Elia and J. C. Opazo. 2014. Rodent diversity on South America: transitioning into the genomics era. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 2 (39): 1 - 7." type="journal article" year="2014">Lessa et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). A single introduction could greatly alter the neotropical fauna of the future.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |