329 lines
35 KiB
XML
329 lines
35 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.615.8857" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5fe4d20e-ccc4-44a2-b183-202ea44a9ee4" ID-PMC="PMC5027779" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-615-73" ID-PubMed="27667942" ID-ZBK="B15F6CECF37D4BB787A8EBC449652C1F" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1313-2970-615-73" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 615" ModsDocTitle="Revision of the Palaearctic Gasteruptionassectator aggregate, with special reference to Sweden (Hymenoptera, Gasteruptiidae)" checkinTime="1473279463617" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Johansson, Niklas & van Achterberg, Cornelis" docDate="2016" docId="8EA70C50EACAC9DCDBF707FDED9A3ED1" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 615: 73-94" docOrigin="ZooKeys 615" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.615.8857" docTitle="Gasteruption boreale Thomson 1883, stat. rev." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="82" masterDocId="FF8BF453FFFBFF8BFF8955777131FF94" masterDocTitle="Revision of the Palaearctic Gasteruptionassectator aggregate, with special reference to Sweden (Hymenoptera, Gasteruptiidae)" masterLastPageNumber="94" masterPageNumber="73" pageNumber="75" updateTime="1668163482577" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Revision of the Palaearctic Gasteruptionassectator aggregate, with special reference to Sweden (Hymenoptera, Gasteruptiidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Johansson, Niklas</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>van Achterberg, Cornelis</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>615</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>73</mods:start>
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<mods:end>94</mods:end>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.615.8857</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.615.8857</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-615-73</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">B15F6CECF37D4BB787A8EBC449652C1F</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">B15F6CECF37D4BB787A8EBC449652C1F</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127899724" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8EA70C50EACAC9DCDBF707FDED9A3ED1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8EA70C50EACAC9DCDBF707FDED9A3ED1" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="82" pageId="2" pageNumber="75">
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="75" type="multiple">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="75">Taxon classification Animalia Hymenoptera Gasteruptiidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="75" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="75">
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<taxonomicName authority="Thomson, 1883" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1883" class="Insecta" family="Gasteruptiidae" genus="Gasteruption" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gasteruption boreale" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boreale">Gasteruption boreale (Thomson, 1883)</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="2" pageNumber="75">stat. rev.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 8-11, 12-13, 14-15, 16, 17-18, 27, 29
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="76" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="76">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gasteruptiidae" genus="Foenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Foenus borealis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borealis">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="76" start="start">Foenus</pageBreakToken>
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borealis
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</taxonomicName>
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Thomson, 1883: 849;
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<bibRefCitation author="Hedicke, H" journalOrPublisher="s' - Gravenhage" pageId="16" pageNumber="89" title="Hymenopterorum Catalogus 11, Gasteruptiidae" year="1939">Hedicke 1939</bibRefCitation>
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: 7;
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<bibRefCitation author="Hedqvist, K-J" journalOrPublisher="Entomologisk Tidskrift" pageId="16" pageNumber="89" pagination="177 - 187" title="Notes on the superfamily Evanioidea in Sweden with keys to families, genera and species (Hym., Apocrita)." volume="94" year="1973">Hedqvist 1973</bibRefCitation>
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: 181, 182 (invalid lectotype designation);
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<bibRefCitation author="Wall, I" journalOrPublisher="Entomofauna" pageId="19" pageNumber="92" pagination="137 - 184" title="Seltene Hymenopteren aus Mittel-, West- und Suedeuropa (HymenopteraApocrita: Stephanoidea, Evanioidea, Trigonalyoidea)." volume="15" year="1994">Wall 1994</bibRefCitation>
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: 148. Synonymized with
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gasteruptiidae" genus="Gasteruption" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gasteruption assectator" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="assectator">Gasteruption assectator</taxonomicName>
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(Linnaeus) by
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<bibRefCitation author="Schletterer, A" journalOrPublisher="Annalen des Kaiserlich-Koenigliches Naturhistorischen Hofmuseums" pageId="18" pageNumber="91" pagination="373 - 546" title="Die Hymenopteren-Gruppe der Evaniiden." volume="4" year="1889">Schletterer (1889)</bibRefCitation>
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and with
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gasteruptiidae" genus="Gasteruption" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gasteruption minutum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutum">Gasteruption minutum</taxonomicName>
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(Tournier) by van
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<bibRefCitation author="Achterberg, C van" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="15" pageNumber="88" pagination="1 - 187" title="Review of Gasteruption Latreille (Hymenoptera, Gasteruptiidae) from Iran and Turkey, with the description of 15 new species." url="10.3897/zookeys.458.8531" volume="458" year="2014">Achterberg and Talebi (2014)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="76">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gasteruptiidae" genus="Gasteruption" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gasteruption boreale" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boreale">Gasteruption boreale</taxonomicName>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Schletterer, A" journalOrPublisher="Verhandlungen der Zoologish-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien" pageId="18" pageNumber="91" pagination="267 - 326" title="Die Hymenopteren-Gattung Gasteruption Latr. (Foenus aut.)." volume="35" year="1885">Schletterer 1885</bibRefCitation>
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: 303.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="76">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gasteruptiidae" genus="Foenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Foenus fumipennis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumipennis">Foenus fumipennis</taxonomicName>
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Thomson, 1883: 848;
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<bibRefCitation author="Hedicke, H" journalOrPublisher="s' - Gravenhage" pageId="16" pageNumber="89" title="Hymenopterorum Catalogus 11, Gasteruptiidae" year="1939">Hedicke 1939</bibRefCitation>
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: 7;
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<bibRefCitation author="Hedqvist, K-J" journalOrPublisher="Entomologisk Tidskrift" pageId="16" pageNumber="89" pagination="177 - 187" title="Notes on the superfamily Evanioidea in Sweden with keys to families, genera and species (Hym., Apocrita)." volume="94" year="1973">Hedqvist 1973</bibRefCitation>
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: 181, 182 (lectotype designation);
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<bibRefCitation author="Wall, I" journalOrPublisher="Entomofauna" pageId="19" pageNumber="92" pagination="137 - 184" title="Seltene Hymenopteren aus Mittel-, West- und Suedeuropa (HymenopteraApocrita: Stephanoidea, Evanioidea, Trigonalyoidea)." volume="15" year="1994">Wall 1994</bibRefCitation>
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: 148. Synonymized with
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gasteruptiidae" genus="Gasteruption" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gasteruption assectator" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="assectator">Gasteruption assectator</taxonomicName>
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(Linnaeus) by
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<bibRefCitation author="Schletterer, A" journalOrPublisher="Verhandlungen der Zoologish-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien" pageId="18" pageNumber="91" pagination="267 - 326" title="Die Hymenopteren-Gattung Gasteruption Latr. (Foenus aut.)." volume="35" year="1885">Schletterer 1885</bibRefCitation>
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. Syn. n.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="76">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gasteruptiidae" genus="Trichofoenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trichofoenus breviterebrae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="breviterebrae">Trichofoenus breviterebrae</taxonomicName>
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Watanabe, 1934: 285;
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<bibRefCitation author="Hedicke, H" journalOrPublisher="s' - Gravenhage" pageId="16" pageNumber="89" title="Hymenopterorum Catalogus 11, Gasteruptiidae" year="1939">Hedicke 1939</bibRefCitation>
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: 45. Synonymized with
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gasteruptiidae" genus="Gasteruption" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gasteruption assectator" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="assectator">Gasteruption assectator</taxonomicName>
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(Linnaeus) by
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<bibRefCitation author="Pagliano, G" journalOrPublisher="Bollettino del Museo di Zoologia dell'Universita di Torino" pageId="17" pageNumber="90" pagination="5 - 38" title="Gasteruptiidae italiani (Hymenoptera: Evanioidea)." volume="17" year="2000">Pagliano and Scaramozzino (2000)</bibRefCitation>
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. Syn. n.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="76">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gasteruptiidae" genus="Gasteruption" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gasteruption margotae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="margotae">Gasteruption margotae</taxonomicName>
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Madl, 1987c: 225-227,
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<bibRefCitation author="Madl, M" journalOrPublisher="Carinthia II" pageId="17" pageNumber="90" pagination="479 - 484" title="Ueber Gasteruptiidae aus Karnten und Steiermark (Hymenoptera, Evanioidea)." volume="180" year="1990 b">1990b</bibRefCitation>
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: 480;
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<bibRefCitation author="Wall, I" journalOrPublisher="Entomofauna" pageId="19" pageNumber="92" pagination="137 - 184" title="Seltene Hymenopteren aus Mittel-, West- und Suedeuropa (HymenopteraApocrita: Stephanoidea, Evanioidea, Trigonalyoidea)." volume="15" year="1994">Wall 1994</bibRefCitation>
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: 149. Synonymized with
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gasteruptiidae" genus="Gasteruption" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gasteruption assectator" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="assectator">Gasteruption assectator</taxonomicName>
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(Linnaeus) by
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<bibRefCitation author="Madl, M" journalOrPublisher="Carinthia II" pageId="17" pageNumber="90" pagination="479 - 484" title="Ueber Gasteruptiidae aus Karnten und Steiermark (Hymenoptera, Evanioidea)." volume="180" year="1990 b">Madl (1990b)</bibRefCitation>
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. Syn. n.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="79" pageId="3" pageNumber="76" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="76">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="76">
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In Thomsons collection in MZLU four males and one female are placed at the label
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gasteruptiidae" genus="Foenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Foenus borealis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borealis">Foenus borealis</taxonomicName>
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.
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<bibRefCitation author="Hedqvist, K-J" journalOrPublisher="Entomologisk Tidskrift" pageId="16" pageNumber="89" pagination="177 - 187" title="Notes on the superfamily Evanioidea in Sweden with keys to families, genera and species (Hym., Apocrita)." volume="94" year="1973">Hedqvist (1973)</bibRefCitation>
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states that the type series by Thomson only consisted of three males and one female but this is probably a simple miscalculation. The female (from Norway) was originally selected as lectotype by
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<bibRefCitation author="Hedqvist, K-J" journalOrPublisher="Entomologisk Tidskrift" pageId="16" pageNumber="89" pagination="177 - 187" title="Notes on the superfamily Evanioidea in Sweden with keys to families, genera and species (Hym., Apocrita)." volume="94" year="1973">Hedqvist (1973)</bibRefCitation>
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but the selection was declared as invalid (van
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<bibRefCitation author="Achterberg, C van" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="15" pageNumber="88" pagination="1 - 187" title="Review of Gasteruption Latreille (Hymenoptera, Gasteruptiidae) from Iran and Turkey, with the description of 15 new species." url="10.3897/zookeys.458.8531" volume="458" year="2014">Achterberg and Talebi 2014</bibRefCitation>
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) because the listed original locality of the type series (= Lappland) excludes the selection of a lectotype from Norway. One male (Figs 8-11) was designated lectotype by van
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<bibRefCitation author="Achterberg, C van" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="15" pageNumber="88" pagination="1 - 187" title="Review of Gasteruption Latreille (Hymenoptera, Gasteruptiidae) from Iran and Turkey, with the description of 15 new species." url="10.3897/zookeys.458.8531" volume="458" year="2014">Achterberg and Talebi (2014)</bibRefCitation>
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and the species was synonymized with
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gasteruptiidae" genus="Gasteruption" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gasteruption minutum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutum">Gasteruption minutum</taxonomicName>
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(Tournier, 1877). All males and the female in the type series belong to one distinct species (see key below). The wider malar space exhibited by the lectotype is clearly shorter than the mandibular base and fits within the range of this species and is not as long as in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gasteruptiidae" genus="Gasteruption" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gasteruption minutum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutum">Gasteruption minutum</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="3" pageNumber="76">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="76">
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Figures 8-11. Lectotype of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gasteruptiidae" genus="Gasteruption" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gasteruption boreale" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boreale">Gasteruption boreale</taxonomicName>
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(Thomson). 8 habitus lateral 9 head dorsal 10 labels 11 head anterior.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="77" pageId="3" pageNumber="76">
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The type series of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gasteruptiidae" genus="Gasteruption" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gasteruption fumipenne" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumipenne">Gasteruption fumipenne</taxonomicName>
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consists of the lectotype from Gotland. The size, habitus, antennae and smooth sculpture on the mesoscutum of the lectotype
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<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="77" start="start">(</pageBreakToken>
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Figs 12-13) indicates, despite the lacking metasoma, that it concerns a female of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gasteruptiidae" genus="Gasteruption" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gasteruption boreale" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boreale">Gasteruption boreale</taxonomicName>
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. This is the only specimen known from the Baltic island Gotland, but the type locality ("Olle hau"= Ulla hau,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Fårö">Faroe</normalizedToken>
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, Gotland, Sweden) was at the time of the collection an active sand dune field with old pines. It was quite a different ecosystem than at the mainland of Gotland where
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gasteruptiidae" genus="Gasteruption" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gasteruption assectator" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="assectator">Gasteruption assectator</taxonomicName>
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is the most common (and now only?) of the three species. The other specimen under this label is a male of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gasteruptiidae" genus="Gasteruption" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gasteruption assectator" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="assectator">Gasteruption assectator</taxonomicName>
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from Scania (
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Skåne">Skane</normalizedToken>
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). The synonymisation with
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gasteruptiidae" genus="Gasteruption" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gasteruption assectator" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="assectator">Gasteruption assectator</taxonomicName>
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made by
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<bibRefCitation author="Schletterer, A" journalOrPublisher="Annalen des Kaiserlich-Koenigliches Naturhistorischen Hofmuseums" pageId="18" pageNumber="91" pagination="373 - 546" title="Die Hymenopteren-Gruppe der Evaniiden." volume="4" year="1889">Schletterer (1889)</bibRefCitation>
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is rejected and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gasteruptiidae" genus="Foenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Foenus fumipennis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumipennis">Foenus fumipennis</taxonomicName>
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is to be regarded as a new synonym of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gasteruptiidae" genus="Gasteruption" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gasteruption boreale" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boreale">Gasteruption boreale</taxonomicName>
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(Thomson).
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="77">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="77">
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Figures 12-13. Lectotype
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gasteruptiidae" genus="Foenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Foenus fumipennis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumipennis">Foenus fumipennis</taxonomicName>
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Thomson. 12 habitus lateral 13 labels.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="78" pageId="4" pageNumber="77">
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The type series of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gasteruptiidae" genus="Gasteruption" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gasteruption margotae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="margotae">Gasteruption margotae</taxonomicName>
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consists of the male holotype (Figs 14-15) from Finland (
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<bibRefCitation author="Madl, M" journalOrPublisher="Entomofauna" pageId="17" pageNumber="90" pagination="225 - 228" title="Eine neue Gasteruption-Art aus Finnland (Hymenoptera, Gasteruptiidae)." volume="8" year="1987 c">Madl 1987c</bibRefCitation>
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); the holotype is a typical male of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gasteruptiidae" genus="Gasteruption" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gasteruption boreale" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boreale">Gasteruption boreale</taxonomicName>
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(Thomson). The study of the holotype shows that the synonymisation with
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gasteruptiidae" genus="Gasteruption" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gasteruption assectator" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="assectator">Gasteruption assectator</taxonomicName>
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made by
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="78" start="start">Madl</pageBreakToken>
|
||
(1990) is unjustified after resolving the
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gasteruptiidae" genus="Gasteruption" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gasteruption assectator" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="assectator">Gasteruption assectator</taxonomicName>
|
||
aggregate and that
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gasteruptiidae" genus="Gasteruption" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gasteruption margotae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="margotae">Gasteruption margotae</taxonomicName>
|
||
is clearly a new synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gasteruptiidae" genus="Gasteruption" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gasteruption boreale" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boreale">Gasteruption boreale</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Thomson).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="79" pageId="5" pageNumber="78">
|
||
The examined type series of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gasteruptiidae" genus="Gasteruption" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gasteruption breviterebrae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="breviterebrae">Gasteruption breviterebrae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig. 16) consists of the holotype female and a paratype male from Sakhalin (Far East Russia). The holotype shows the typical features of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gasteruptiidae" genus="Gasteruption" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gasteruption boreale" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boreale">Gasteruption boreale</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Thomson), viz., the less sculptured mesoscutum and the bristly ovipositor sheath. The slightly aberrant red marks on the metasoma fall within the geographical variation of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gasteruptiidae" genus="Gasteruption" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gasteruption boreale" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boreale">Gasteruption boreale</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The synonymisation with
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gasteruptiidae" genus="Gasteruption" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gasteruption assectator" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="assectator">Gasteruption assectator</taxonomicName>
|
||
made
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="79" start="start">by</pageBreakToken>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Pagliano, G" journalOrPublisher="Bollettino del Museo di Zoologia dell'Universita di Torino" pageId="17" pageNumber="90" pagination="5 - 38" title="Gasteruptiidae italiani (Hymenoptera: Evanioidea)." volume="17" year="2000">Pagliano and Scaramozzino (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
is here rejected and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gasteruptiidae" genus="Trichofoenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trichofoenus breviterebrae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="breviterebrae">Trichofoenus breviterebrae</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a new synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gasteruptiidae" genus="Gasteruption" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gasteruption boreale" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boreale">Gasteruption boreale</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Thomson).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="6" pageNumber="79">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="79">
|
||
Figures 14-15. Holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gasteruptiidae" genus="Gasteruption" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gasteruption margotae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="margotae">Gasteruption margotae</taxonomicName>
|
||
Madl. 14 habitus lateral 15 labels.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption pageId="6" pageNumber="79">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="79">
|
||
Figure 16. Lectotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gasteruptiidae" genus="Trichofoenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trichofoenus breviterebrae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="breviterebrae">Trichofoenus breviterebrae</taxonomicName>
|
||
Watanabe, habitus lateral.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="79" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="79">Additional material.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="79">
|
||
Sweden (
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Småland">Smaland</normalizedToken>
|
||
:
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bäckebo">Baeckebo</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Skillingaryd,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ränneslätt">Raenneslaett</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jönköping">Joenkoeping</normalizedToken>
|
||
;
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Västergötland">Vaestergoetland</normalizedToken>
|
||
: Baskarp;
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Södermanland">Soedermanland</normalizedToken>
|
||
: Huddinge; Uppland: Rossholm; Dalarna: Leksand, Ludvika;
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hälsingland">Haelsingland</normalizedToken>
|
||
: Hornslandet;
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Västerbotten">Vaesterbotten</normalizedToken>
|
||
: Vindeln,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hällnäs">Haellnaes</normalizedToken>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Lycksele" lsidName="Lycksele lappmark" pageId="6" pageNumber="79" rank="species" species="lappmark">Lycksele lappmark</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gällivare">Gaellivare</normalizedToken>
|
||
); Finland (
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Åland">Aland</normalizedToken>
|
||
: Hammarland;
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Åbo">Abo</normalizedToken>
|
||
: Harvaluoto).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="80" pageId="6" pageNumber="79" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="79">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="80" pageId="6" pageNumber="79">
|
||
Head in dorsal view almost parallel-sided behind eyes, elongate, about as wide as long (Figs 9, 18). Occipital carina indistinct and not reflexed. Frons with satin sheen. Mesoscutum smooth, weakly rugose/shagreened with satin sheen, medio-posteriorly in front of scutellum rugose-reticulate (Figs 17-18, 27). Mesosoma and head silvery pilose. Mesosoma with a satin sheen, quite distinct from the rather matt gloss occurring in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gasteruptiidae" genus="Gasteruption" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gasteruption assectator" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="assectator">Gasteruption assectator</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Whitish pubescence of eye of female mostly distinctly longer and denser than of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gasteruptiidae" genus="Gasteruption" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gasteruption assectator" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="assectator">Gasteruption assectator</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Antenna slightly shorter than in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gasteruptiidae" genus="Gasteruption" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gasteruption assectator" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="assectator">Gasteruption assectator</taxonomicName>
|
||
with sixth segment about 1.5 times longer than wide and subapical segment about 1.2 times longer than wide. Only apical half of hind coxa weakly striate dorsally. Hind tibia and basitarsus with white ring which might be interrupted ventrally. Metasoma mainly black with orange lateral patches on tergites 2-4 which might be partially reduced, especially in northern specimens. Inner sides of tibiae often red brown to orange with white or yellow basal patch indistinct on fore and middle tibiae. Ovipositor sheath black or brown, 0.7-1.0 times as long as hind tibia, its apical half entirely with stout, rather scarce black bristles angled backwards at about 45° (Fig. 29). The species is closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gasteruptiidae" genus="Gasteruption" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gasteruption assectator" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="assectator">Gasteruption assectator</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Linnaeus) but the female can be distinguished by the shorter ovipositor sheath, the less sculptured mesoscutum and the more scarce promi
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="80" start="start">nent</pageBreakToken>
|
||
bristles on the apical half of the ovipositor sheath. The male is hard to distinguish from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gasteruptiidae" genus="Gasteruption" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gasteruption assectator" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="assectator">Gasteruption assectator</taxonomicName>
|
||
and identification is not always possible with certainty. In most cases the male of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gasteruptiidae" genus="Gasteruption" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gasteruption boreale" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boreale">Gasteruption boreale</taxonomicName>
|
||
can however be separated from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gasteruptiidae" genus="Gasteruption" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gasteruption assectator" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="assectator">Gasteruption assectator</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its slightly more elongated, parallel-sided head in dorsal view, the more or less enlarged malar space and its less sculptured mesoscutum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="7" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="80">
|
||
Figures 17-18.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gasteruptiidae" genus="Gasteruption" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gasteruption boreale" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boreale">Gasteruption boreale</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Thomson), ♀. 17 habitus lateral 18 habitus dorsal.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="81" pageId="7" pageNumber="80" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="80">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="80">Female. Length of body 6-11 mm (fore wing 3.5-5.5 mm)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="80">Head. Temples parallel-sided behind eyes in dorsal view. Occipital carina not raised. Frons and vertex with satin sheen. Malar space short, at most about 0.5 times mandibular base. Hypostomal bridge narrow, at most 0.5 times mandibular base. Eyes with dense white pubescence. Antenna short; sixth segment about 1.5 times longer than wide and subapical segment about 1.2 times longer than wide.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="80">Mesosoma. Surface largely smooth with satin sheen, mesoscutal sculpture of almost equal intensity as on vertex. Antesternal carina narrow, non-lamelliform. Pronotal sides with very small pointed teeth antero-ventrally, but these are sometimes entirely absent. Upper half of mesopleuron mostly considerably weaker sculptured than its more rugose lower part.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="80">
|
||
Legs. Hind tibia stout as in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gasteruptiidae" genus="Gasteruption" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gasteruption assectator" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="assectator">Gasteruption assectator</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Hind coxa often with weaker rugae apically than on basal half, dissolving amidst rugose background. Hind tibial spurs often brighter than hind tibia.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="81" start="start">Metasoma</pageBreakToken>
|
||
. Ovipositor sheath entirely black or brown, 0.7-1.0 times as long as hind tibia, its apical half entirely with stout, black bristles angled backwards at about 45° (Fig. 29).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="81">Colour. Black. Mandible apically, hind tibial spurs and patches laterally on tergites 2-4 reddish brown. Patches rarely intercepted. Fore and middle tibiae mostly with indistinct yellow or ivory basal patch. Inner side of tibiae often orange. Basal ivory ring of hind tibia usually indistinct.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="82" pageId="8" pageNumber="81" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="81">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="82" pageId="8" pageNumber="81">
|
||
As
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Thomson’s">Thomson's</normalizedToken>
|
||
name implies this species is most common in boreo-alpine areas. In northern Europe it is quite widespread and common at higher latitudes and high altitude sites in the southern part, but becoming scarcer towards the southern lowlands in Sweden. Specimens are examined from Austria, Bulgaria, Finland, Germany, Netherlands (den Dolder, de Bilt, Tilburg, Wageningen, Groesbeek,
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="9" pageNumber="82" start="start">Rhenen</pageBreakToken>
|
||
, Velp, Maastricht, Drimmelen, Rotterdam, Voerendaal), Norway, Russia, Serbia and Sweden.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="82" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="82">Biology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="82">
|
||
The species occur in (boreal) landscapes dominated by coniferous forests where it can be locally common. Many of the sites in Scandinavia are at high altitude.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gasteruptiidae" genus="Gasteruption" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gasteruption boreale" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boreale">Gasteruption boreale</taxonomicName>
|
||
is lacking from more open localities as well as in regions dominated by deciduous forests. It has been observed searching high stumps of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pinus" order="Pinales" pageId="9" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Pinus</taxonomicName>
|
||
trees and it also attends old wooden walls and artificial bee nests in gardens. Probably it is a kleptoparasitoid of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Colletidae" genus="Hylaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hylaeus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hylaeus</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |