288 lines
31 KiB
XML
288 lines
31 KiB
XML
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<mods:title>A monograph of the Xyleborini (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) of the Indochinese Peninsula (except Malaysia) and China</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Smith, Sarah M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, 288 Farm Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Beaver, Roger A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Cognato, Anthony I.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, 288 Farm Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number>983</mods:number>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.983.52630</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.983.52630</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="168754778" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8C66778BC1F73F2ED7F54F2214D9607C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8C66778BC1F73F2ED7F54F2214D9607C" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authority="(Wollaston, 1857)" baseAuthorityName="Wollaston" baseAuthorityYear="1857" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus perforans" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perforans">Xyleborus perforans (Wollaston, 1857)</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 90" captionStartId="F90" captionText="Figure 90. Dorsal, lateral and declivital view of Xyleborus mysticulus holotype, 2.2 - 2.5 mm (A, B, I), X. opacus paratype, 2.7 mm, 2.2 - 2.5 mm (C, D, J), X. perforans, 2.3 - 2.6 mm (E, F, K), and X. pfeilii, 2.9 - 3.2 mm (G, H, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.983.52630.figure90" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/470890" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 90E, F, K</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Wollaston" authorityYear="1857" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Tomicus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tomicus perforans" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perforans">Tomicus perforans</taxonomicName>
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Wollaston, 1857: 96.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Wollaston" baseAuthorityYear="1857" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus perforans" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perforans">Xyleborus perforans</taxonomicName>
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(Wollaston):
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<bibRefCitation author="Eichhoff, WJ" journalOrPublisher="Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B148" refString="Eichhoff, WJ, 1878b. Ratio, descriptio, emendatio eorum Tomicinorum qui sunt in Dr medic. Chapuisii et autoris ipsius collectionibus et quos praeterea recognovit scriptor. Memoires de la Societe Royale des Sciences de Liege, Serie 2e, 8: 1-531. [pls. I-V.]" title="Ratio, descriptio, emendatio eorum Tomicinorum qui sunt in Dr medic. Chapuisii et autoris ipsius collectionibus et quos praeterea recognovit scriptor. Memoires de la Societe Royale des Sciences de Liege, Serie 2 e, 8: 1 - 531. [pls. I-V.]" year="1878 b">Eichhoff 1878b</bibRefCitation>
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: 403.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Bostrichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bostrichus testaceus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="testaceus">Bostrichus testaceus</taxonomicName>
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Walker, 1859: 260. Synonymy:
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<bibRefCitation author="Browne, FG" journalOrPublisher="Sarawak Museum Journal" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="343 - 373" refId="B66" refString="Browne, FG, 1955. Synonymy and descriptions of some Oriental Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Coleoptera). Sarawak Museum Journal 6: 343 - 373" title="Synonymy and descriptions of some Oriental Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Coleoptera)." volume="6" year="1955">Browne 1955</bibRefCitation>
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: 355.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Montrouzier" authorityYear="1861" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus duponti" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duponti">Xyleborus duponti</taxonomicName>
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Montrouzier, 1861: 265. Synonymy:
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-9697-0_1" author="Hagedorn, M" journalOrPublisher="Junk, Den Haag" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B183" refString="Hagedorn, M, 1910b. Ipidae. In: Schenkling S (Ed.) Coleopterorum Catalogus Auspiciis et Auxilio. Pars 4. W. Junk, Den Haag, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-9697-0_1" title="Ipidae. In: Schenkling S (Ed.) Coleopterorum Catalogus Auspiciis et Auxilio. Pars 4. W." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-9697-0_1" year="1910 b">Hagedorn 1910b</bibRefCitation>
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: 108.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Motschulsky" authorityYear="1863" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Anodius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anodius tuberculatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberculatus">Anodius tuberculatus</taxonomicName>
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Motschulsky, 1863: 511. Synonymy:
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.17054" author="Wood, SL" journalOrPublisher="The Great Basin Naturalist" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="113 - 128" refId="B476" refString="Wood, SL, 1969. New synonymy and records of Platypodidae and Scolytidae (Coleoptera). The Great Basin Naturalist 29: 113 - 128, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.17054" title="New synonymy and records of Platypodidae and Scolytidae (Coleoptera)." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.17054" volume="29" year="1969">Wood 1969</bibRefCitation>
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: 117.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Motschulsky" authorityYear="1863" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Anodius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anodius denticulus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="denticulus">Anodius denticulus</taxonomicName>
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Motschulsky, 1863: 512. Synonymy:
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.17054" author="Wood, SL" journalOrPublisher="The Great Basin Naturalist" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="113 - 128" refId="B476" refString="Wood, SL, 1969. New synonymy and records of Platypodidae and Scolytidae (Coleoptera). The Great Basin Naturalist 29: 113 - 128, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.17054" title="New synonymy and records of Platypodidae and Scolytidae (Coleoptera)." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.17054" volume="29" year="1969">Wood 1969</bibRefCitation>
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: 117.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus kraatzii" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kraatzii">Xyleborus kraatzii</taxonomicName>
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Eichhoff, 1868b: 152. Synonymy:
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1959.tb02874.x" author="Schedl, KE" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="469 - 534" refId="B394" refString="Schedl, KE, 1959. A checklist of the Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Coleoptera) of Ceylon with descriptions of new species and biological notes. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 111: 469 - 534, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1959.tb02874.x" title="A checklist of the Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Coleoptera) of Ceylon with descriptions of new species and biological notes." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1959.tb02874.x" volume="111" year="1959">Schedl 1959</bibRefCitation>
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: 503.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus kraatzii subsp. philippinensis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="kraatzii" subSpecies="philippinensis">Xyleborus kraatzii philippinensis</taxonomicName>
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Eichhoff, 1878b: 374. Synonymy:
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1959.tb02874.x" author="Schedl, KE" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="469 - 534" refId="B394" refString="Schedl, KE, 1959. A checklist of the Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Coleoptera) of Ceylon with descriptions of new species and biological notes. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 111: 469 - 534, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1959.tb02874.x" title="A checklist of the Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Coleoptera) of Ceylon with descriptions of new species and biological notes." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1959.tb02874.x" volume="111" year="1959">Schedl 1959</bibRefCitation>
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: 503.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Blackburn" authorityYear="1885" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus immaturus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="immaturus">Xyleborus immaturus</taxonomicName>
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Blackburn, 1885: 193. Synonymy:
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<bibRefCitation author="Beeson, CFC" journalOrPublisher="Indian Forester" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B30" refString="Beeson, CFC, 1929. Platypodidae and Scolytidae. Insects of Samoa, Part 4, Coleoptera, Fascicle 4: 217-248." title="Platypodidae and Scolytidae. Insects of Samoa, Part 4, Coleoptera, Fascicle 4: 217 - 248." year="1929">Beeson 1929</bibRefCitation>
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: 240.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xylopertha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xylopertha hirsuta" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirsuta">Xylopertha hirsuta</taxonomicName>
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Lea, 1894: 321. Synonymy:
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<bibRefCitation author="Schedl, KE" journalOrPublisher="Records of the South Australian Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="513 - 535" refId="B357" refString="Schedl, KE, 1936b. Scolytidae and Platypodidae. Contribution 35. The collection of the South Australian Museum. Records of the South Australian Museum 5: 513 - 535" title="Scolytidae and Platypodidae. Contribution 35. The collection of the South Australian Museum." volume="5" year="1936 b">Schedl 1936b</bibRefCitation>
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: 529,
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1959.tb02874.x" author="Schedl, KE" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="469 - 534" refId="B394" refString="Schedl, KE, 1959. A checklist of the Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Coleoptera) of Ceylon with descriptions of new species and biological notes. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 111: 469 - 534, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1959.tb02874.x" title="A checklist of the Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Coleoptera) of Ceylon with descriptions of new species and biological notes." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1959.tb02874.x" volume="111" year="1959">1959</bibRefCitation>
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: 503.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Beeson" authorityYear="1935" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus whitteni" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="whitteni">Xyleborus whitteni</taxonomicName>
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Beeson, 1935b: 113. Synonymy:
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<bibRefCitation author="Beaver, RA" journalOrPublisher="Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B12" refString="Beaver, RA, 1991. New synonymy and taxonomic changes in Pacific Scolytidae (Coleoptera). Annalen des Naturhistorisches Museums in Wien 92B: 87-97." title="New synonymy and taxonomic changes in Pacific Scolytidae (Coleoptera). Annalen des Naturhistorisches Museums in Wien 92 B: 87 - 97." year="1991">Beaver 1991</bibRefCitation>
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: 95.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus apertus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apertus">Xyleborus apertus</taxonomicName>
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Schedl, 1939a: 355. Synonymy:
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<bibRefCitation author="Bright, DE" journalOrPublisher="NRC Research Press, Ottawa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B61" refString="Bright, DE, Skidmore, RE, 1997. A Catalog of Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Coleoptera), Supplement 1 (1990-1994). NRC Research Press, Ottawa" title="A Catalog of Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Coleoptera), Supplement 1 (1990 - 1994)." year="1997">Bright and Skidmore 1997</bibRefCitation>
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: 4, 154.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Schedl" authorityYear="1950" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus criticus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="criticus">Xyleborus criticus</taxonomicName>
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Schedl, 1950b: 899. Synonymy:
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.22642" author="Wood, SL" journalOrPublisher="The Great Basin Naturalist" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="167 - 185" refId="B487" refString="Wood, SL, 1989. Nomenclatural changes and new species of Scolytidae (Coleoptera), part IV. The Great Basin Naturalist 49: 167 - 185, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.22642" title="Nomenclatural changes and new species of Scolytidae (Coleoptera), part IV." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.22642" volume="49" year="1989">Wood 1989</bibRefCitation>
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: 177.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Murayama" authorityYear="1951" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus shionomisakiensis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shionomisakiensis">Xyleborus shionomisakiensis</taxonomicName>
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Murayama, 1951: 3. Synonymy:
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4521.3.5" author="Smith, SM" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="391 - 403" refId="B442" refString="Smith, SM, Beaver, RA, Cognato, AI, 2018b. New synonymy, new combinations and taxonomic changes in Japanese xyleborine ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Zootaxa 4521: 391 - 403, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4521.3.5" title="New synonymy, new combinations and taxonomic changes in Japanese xyleborine ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4521.3.5" volume="4521" year="2018 b">Smith et al. 2018b</bibRefCitation>
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: 398.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus cylindrus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cylindrus">Xyleborus cylindrus</taxonomicName>
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Schedl, 1951a: 94. Synonymy:
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<bibRefCitation author="Bright, DE" journalOrPublisher="NRC Research Press, Ottawa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B61" refString="Bright, DE, Skidmore, RE, 1997. A Catalog of Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Coleoptera), Supplement 1 (1990-1994). NRC Research Press, Ottawa" title="A Catalog of Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Coleoptera), Supplement 1 (1990 - 1994)." year="1997">Bright and Skidmore 1997</bibRefCitation>
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: 4, 155.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Schedl" authorityYear="1955" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus minimus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minimus">Xyleborus minimus</taxonomicName>
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Schedl, 1955a: 305. Synonymy:
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<bibRefCitation author="Bright, DE" journalOrPublisher="NRC Research Press, Ottawa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B61" refString="Bright, DE, Skidmore, RE, 1997. A Catalog of Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Coleoptera), Supplement 1 (1990-1994). NRC Research Press, Ottawa" title="A Catalog of Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Coleoptera), Supplement 1 (1990 - 1994)." year="1997">Bright and Skidmore 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 4, 161.
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</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Syntypes</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Beeson" authorityYear="1935" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus whitteni" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="whitteni">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Xyleborus whitteni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(BPBM).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="new records">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">New records.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
China: Hong Kong, Tai Po Kau, vi.2017, J. Skelton (UFFE, 1). Laos: 10 km N Luang-Prabang, Mekhong river, 240 km N Vientiane, hills c. 250 m, poor settlem[ent], prim[ary] veget[ation] lux, iv.1993, Insomsay Somsy (MFNB, 2); as previous except: iii.1993 (MFNB, 2). Vientiane, Ban Van Eue, 15.xii.1965, native collector (BPBM, 3). Vietnam: NE region, Bac Giang, Tay Yen Tu Nature Res., 10.vi.2016, at light,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="21" direction="north" minutes="11.6" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="21.193333">21°11.6'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="106" direction="east" minutes="45.232" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="106.75387">106°45.232'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, G.S. Powell (MSUC, 1). [Da Lak], 10 km E of Ban ME Thout [
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sic</emphasis>
|
||
] [= Buon Ma Thout], 855 m, 20.v.1960, R.E. Leech (BPBM, 1). Dong Nai, Cat Tien N.P.,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="11.40817" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="11.40817">11.40817</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="107.38098" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="107.38098">107.38098</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 134 m, 22-24.ii.2017, VN81, A.I. Cognato, T.A. Hoang, ex FIT (MSUC, 40); as previous except: Bien Hoa, 25.ii.1969, C.R. Joyce, ex at light (BPBM, 6); as previous except: 10.ix.1969 (BPBM, 2). Ninh Binh, Doi Vac, Cuc Phuong, 10-16.ix.2013, J.B. Heppner (FSCA, 11). Ha Tay, Ba Vi N.P. (lake lodge), 3-4.vii.2008, 196 m, J. B. Heppner (FSCA, 1). Thua Thien-Hue, Bach Ma N.P.,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="16.22897" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="16.22897">16.22897</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="107.85349" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="107.85349">107.85349</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 415 m, 15.ii.2017, VN57, A.I. Cognato, T.A. Hoang, ex 5 cm diameter branch; twig (MSUC, 23). Vinh Phuc, Me Linh Biodiversity Station, Dai Lai Lake, 100 m, 27-29.ix.2013, J.B. Heppner (FSCA, 1).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
2.3-2.6 mm long (mean = 2.46 mm; n = 5); 2.67-2.89
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as wide. This species is distinguished by the protibiae obliquely triangular, broadest at distal 1/3; declivity smooth, shiny (specimen must be dry); declivital interstriae 1 and 3 armed with two or three pairs of moderate tubercles; interstriae 2 sparsely granulate at declivital summit; and elytra unicolored.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
This species is very similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="X. cognatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="cognatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">X. cognatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which has often been treated as a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="X. perforans" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="perforans">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">X. perforans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="X. volvulus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="volvulus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">X. volvulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It is distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="X. cognatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="cognatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">X. cognatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the smaller size (vs. 2.8-3.1 mm), generally stouter form (vs. 2.8-3.1
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as wide), smaller interstrial tubercles and unicolored elytra. This species is also almost identical to
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="X. volvulus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="volvulus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">X. volvulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and is distinguished the stouter form (vs. 3.13
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as wide) and interstriae 2 granules only present at declivity summit (vs. entire length).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="similar species">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Similar species.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Eichhoff" authorityYear="1868" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus affinis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="affinis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Xyleborus affinis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="X. cognatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="cognatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">X. cognatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="X. ferrugineus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ferrugineus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">X. ferrugineus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="X. festivus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="festivus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">X. festivus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="X. pfeilii" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pfeilii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">X. pfeilii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="X. volvulus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="volvulus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">X. volvulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Throughout tropical parts of the Afrotropical, Australian and Oriental regions. Recorded in the study region from Bangladesh, Cambodia, China (Guangxi, Hong Kong*, Shanxi, Yunnan), India (Andaman Is, Assam, Chhattisgarh, Haryana, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Nicobar Is, Tamil Nadu, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal), Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="host">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Host plants.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Strongly polyphagous (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Browne, FG" journalOrPublisher="Sarawak Museum Journal" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="300 - 318" refId="B69" refString="Browne, FG, 1961a. Borer beetles from Bako National Park (Sarawak). Sarawak Museum Journal 10: 300 - 318" title="Borer beetles from Bako National Park (Sarawak)." volume="10" year="1961 a">Browne 1961a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Schedl, KE" journalOrPublisher="Revista de Entomologia de Mocambique" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 594" refId="B399" refString="Schedl, KE, 1963a. Scolytidae und Platypodidae Afrikas. Band II. Familie Scolytidae (Fortsetzung), Unterfamilie Ipinae (Fortsetzung). Revista de Entomologia de Mocambique 5: 1 - 594" title="Scolytidae und Platypodidae Afrikas. Band II. Familie Scolytidae (Fortsetzung), Unterfamilie Ipinae (Fortsetzung)." volume="5" year="1963 a">Schedl 1963a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gray, B" journalOrPublisher="Pacific Insects" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="67 - 115" refId="B173" refString="Gray, B, Wylie, FR, 1974. Forest tree and timber insect pests in Papua New Guinea II. Pacific Insects 16: 67 - 115" title="Forest tree and timber insect pests in Papua New Guinea II." volume="16" year="1974">Gray and Wylie 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ohno, S" journalOrPublisher="Research Bulletin of the Plant Protection Service, Japan" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="83 - 94" refId="B298" refString="Ohno, S, 1990. The Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Coleoptera) from Borneo found in logs at Nagoya port 1. Research Bulletin of the Plant Protection Service, Japan 26: 83 - 94" title="The Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Coleoptera) from Borneo found in logs at Nagoya port 1." volume="26" year="1990">Ohno 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
The biology has been described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Beeson, CFC" journalOrPublisher="Government of India, New Delhi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B35" refString="Beeson, CFC, 1961. The Ecology and Control of the Forest Insects of India and the Neighbouring Countries. (2nd edn.). Government of India, New Delhi" title="The Ecology and Control of the Forest Insects of India and the Neighbouring Countries. (2 nd edn.)." year="1961">Beeson (1961)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Browne, FG" journalOrPublisher="Sarawak Museum Journal" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="300 - 318" refId="B69" refString="Browne, FG, 1961a. Borer beetles from Bako National Park (Sarawak). Sarawak Museum Journal 10: 300 - 318" title="Borer beetles from Bako National Park (Sarawak)." volume="10" year="1961 a">Browne (1961a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Schedl, KE" journalOrPublisher="Revista de Entomologia de Mocambique" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 594" refId="B399" refString="Schedl, KE, 1963a. Scolytidae und Platypodidae Afrikas. Band II. Familie Scolytidae (Fortsetzung), Unterfamilie Ipinae (Fortsetzung). Revista de Entomologia de Mocambique 5: 1 - 594" title="Scolytidae und Platypodidae Afrikas. Band II. Familie Scolytidae (Fortsetzung), Unterfamilie Ipinae (Fortsetzung)." volume="5" year="1963 a">Schedl (1963a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kalshoven, LGE" journalOrPublisher="Beaufortia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="131 - 142" refId="B224" refString="Kalshoven, LGE, 1964. The occurrence of Xyleborus perforans (Woll) and X. similis in Java (Coleoptera, Scolytidae). Beaufortia 11: 131 - 142" title="The occurrence of Xyleborus perforans (Woll) and X. similis in Java (Coleoptera, Scolytidae)." volume="11" year="1964">Kalshoven (1964)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The species sometimes attacks weakened or injured trees, and can be a minor pest (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Browne, FG" journalOrPublisher="Clarendon Press, Oxford" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B76" refString="Browne, FG, 1968a. Pests and Diseases of Forest Plantation Trees: An Annotated List of the Principal Species Occurring in the British Commonwealth. Clarendon Press, Oxford" title="Pests and Diseases of Forest Plantation Trees: An Annotated List of the Principal Species Occurring in the British Commonwealth." year="1968 a">Browne 1968a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but its attacks are usually secondary. Due to its abundance, the species can be important in the downgrade of recently felled timber.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |