179 lines
14 KiB
XML
179 lines
14 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.109.1439" ID-PMC="PMC3118819" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-109-19" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFDE6B4A96644D30FFD8FFEA7F28FFF8" ID-PubMed="21852932" ID-Zenodo-Dep="577024" ModsDocID="1313-2970-109-19" checkinTime="1451250264676" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Kaiser, Hinrich, Carvalho, Venancio Lopes, Ceballos, Jester, Freed, Paul, Heacox, Scott, Lester, Barbara, Richards, Stephen J., Trainor, Colin R., Sanchez, Caitlin & O'Shea, Mark" docDate="2011" docId="8C2739266C741CD9CECCC01B7F7EBBD3" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 109: 19-86" docOrigin="ZooKeys 109" docPubDate="2011-06-20" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.109.1439" docTitle="Varanus timorensis Gray 1831" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="FFDE6B4A96644D30FFD8FFEA7F28FFF8" lastPageNumber="42" masterDocId="FFDE6B4A96644D30FFD8FFEA7F28FFF8" masterDocTitle="The herpetofauna of Timor-Leste: a first report" masterLastPageNumber="86" masterPageNumber="19" pageNumber="42" updateTime="1668151585581" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The herpetofauna of Timor-Leste: a first report</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Kaiser, Hinrich</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, Victor Valley College, 18422 Bear Valley Road, Victorville, California 92395, USA; and The Foundation for Post-Conflict Development, 245 Park Avenue, 24 th Floor, New York, New York 10167, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">chalcopis@yahoo.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Carvalho, Venancio Lopes</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Universidade National Timor-Lorosa'e, Faculdade de Ciencias da Educacao, Departamentu da Biologia, Avenida Cidade de Lisboa, Liceu Dr. Francisco Machado, Dili, Timor-Leste</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Ceballos, Jester</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, Victor Valley College, 18422 Bear Valley Road, Victorville, California 92395, USA; and The Foundation for Post-Conflict Development, 245 Park Avenue, 24 th Floor, New York, New York 10167, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Freed, Paul</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>14149 S. Butte Creek Road, Scotts Mills, Oregon 97375, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Heacox, Scott</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, Victor Valley College, 18422 Bear Valley Road, Victorville, California 92395, USA; and The Foundation for Post-Conflict Development, 245 Park Avenue, 24 th Floor, New York, New York 10167, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lester, Barbara</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>14149 S. Butte Creek Road, Scotts Mills, Oregon 97375, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Richards, Stephen J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Conservation International, PO Box 1024, Atherton, Queensland 4883, Australia; and Herpetology Department, South Australian Museum, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Trainor, Colin R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory 0909, Australia</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Sanchez, Caitlin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, Victor Valley College, 18422 Bear Valley Road, Victorville, California 92395, USA; and The Foundation for Post-Conflict Development, 245 Park Avenue, 24 th Floor, New York, New York 10167, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>O'Shea, Mark</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>West Midland Safari Park, Bewdley, Worcestershire DY 12 1 LF, United Kingdom; and Australian Venom Research Unit, Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2011</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2011-06-20</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>109</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>19</mods:start>
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<mods:end>86</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.109.1439</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.109.1439</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-109-19</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FFDE6B4A96644D30FFD8FFEA7F28FFF8</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">577024</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152029851" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8C2739266C741CD9CECCC01B7F7EBBD3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8C2739266C741CD9CECCC01B7F7EBBD3" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="23" pageNumber="42">
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<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="42" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="42">
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<taxonomicName LSID="8C273926-6C74-1CD9-CECC-C01B7F7EBBD3" authority="Gray, 1831" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1831" class="Reptilia" family="Varanidae" genus="Varanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Varanus timorensis" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="timorensis">Varanus timorensis Gray, 1831</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figure 20. Varanus timorensis. Two adult males from dry coastal forest in Lore, Lautem District. Photos by Mark O'Shea (top) and Hinrich Kaiser (bottom)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/15874" pageId="23" pageNumber="42">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="42" type="common names">
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="42">Common names.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="42">(E) Timor Tree Monitor, Spotted Tree Monitor. (T) Lafaek rai-maran (lafaek = crocodile or large lizard, rai = dirt, maran = dry). (Mambae) Loti. (Fataluku) Puilolon.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="42" type="identification">
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="42">Identification.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="42">
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Timor tree monitors are the largest lizards reported from Timor-Leste. Their identifying color pattern consists of circular yellow ocelli that cover the entire dorsum (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figure 20. Varanus timorensis. Two adult males from dry coastal forest in Lore, Lautem District. Photos by Mark O'Shea (top) and Hinrich Kaiser (bottom)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/15874" pageId="23" pageNumber="42">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
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Upper). These lizards have nares that are positioned posterior to the snout by nearly a third of the distance from eye to the tip of the snout (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figure 20. Varanus timorensis. Two adult males from dry coastal forest in Lore, Lautem District. Photos by Mark O'Shea (top) and Hinrich Kaiser (bottom)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/15874" pageId="23" pageNumber="42">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
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Lower), whereas they are positioned in close proximity of the snout in other lizards on Timor.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="42" type="collection and natural history">
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="42">Collection and natural history.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="42">
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We captured, photographed, and released four individuals of this small monitor lizard in the
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Loré">Lore</normalizedToken>
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area,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Lautém">Lautem</normalizedToken>
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District, and two in the Tutuala Beach area (Pantai Walu). One individual was seen repeatedly on a roadside retaining wall in Tutuala just west of the turnoff for Tutuala Beach. Another individual was observed basking in a sunspot in coastal dry forest from where it escaped into the hole of a dead branch. Three individuals were active in the undergrowth in coastal dry forest. Two individuals were hiding by night under loose bark on a tree and could initially only be recognized by their exposed tails. We have also seen road-killed specimens of this species on roadways running through rice paddies.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="42">
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While driving along the coast road of northern Timor-Leste, we caught glimpses of monitor lizards of uncertain species affinity crossing the
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<normalizedToken originalValue="‘blacktop.’">'blacktop.'</normalizedToken>
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On at least one occasion we were able to ascertain by visual identification that the individual was
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1831" class="Reptilia" family="Varanidae" genus="Varanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="timorensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="42">Varanus timorensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, but on other occasions we could not make a positive identification.
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Daudin" baseAuthorityYear="1802" class="Reptilia" family="Varanidae" genus="Varanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="indicus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="42">Varanus indicus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, a widespread Indo-Pacific species of monitor lizard with similar body aspect and lifestyle to
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1831" class="Reptilia" family="Varanidae" genus="Varanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="timorensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="42">Varanus timorensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, has been reported from Timor, although we have so far been unable to find any corroboration, either via photography, voucher specimen, or artistic representation, that
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Daudin" baseAuthorityYear="1802" class="Reptilia" family="Varanidae" genus="Varanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="indicus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="42">Varanus indicus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is present on Timor. Such reports may stem from fleeting identifications by visitors familiar with the
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Daudin" baseAuthorityYear="1802" class="Reptilia" family="Varanidae" genus="Varanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="indicus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="42">Varanus indicus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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body morphology. Reports from local villagers regarding the presence of a large monitor lizard similar to
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Varanidae" genus="Varanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salvator">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="42">Varanus salvator</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from swamps in the Becora area require investigation.
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</paragraph>
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<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/15874" pageId="23" pageNumber="42" start="Figure 20" startId="F20">
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="42">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="42">Figure 20.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1831" class="Reptilia" family="Varanidae" genus="Varanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="timorensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="42">Varanus timorensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Two adult males from dry coastal forest in
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Loré">Lore</normalizedToken>
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, Lautem District. Photos by Mark
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<normalizedToken originalValue="O’Shea">O'Shea</normalizedToken>
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(top) and Hinrich Kaiser (bottom).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |