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472 lines
61 KiB
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.65.21000" ID-GBIF-Dataset="03cce405-5887-4474-b040-35de18e8d020" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182223678" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1860-1324-1-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="77D7AEC9294554E5BBDCABA37901022A" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1166397" ID-ZooBank="73DEE0F32BB04A21B4455E168FE50F54" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:062E8A3B-6762-429F-B2D7-669FB5A2AE14" ModsDocID="1860-1324-65-1-1" checkinTime="1621372489409" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Liebherr, James K." docDate="2018" docId="1C5F88285E406EDB5F1D92F5A3EDB013" docLanguage="en" docName="DeutEntomolZeit 65(1): 1-63" docOrigin="Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 65 (1)" docPubDate="2018-01-18" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.65.21000" docTitle="Mecyclothorax kanak Moore & Liebherr 2018, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="062E8A3B-6762-429F-B2D7-669FB5A2AE14" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="3" id="77D7AEC9294554E5BBDCABA37901022A" lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="43" masterDocId="77D7AEC9294554E5BBDCABA37901022A" masterDocTitle="Cladistic classification of Mecyclothorax Sharp (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) and taxonomic revision of the New Caledonian subgenus Phacothorax Jeannel" masterLastPageNumber="63" masterPageNumber="1" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" updateTime="1643465225333" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Cladistic classification of Mecyclothorax Sharp (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) and taxonomic revision of the New Caledonian subgenus Phacothorax Jeannel</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Liebherr, James K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9831-884X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Cornell University Insect Collection, John H. and Anna B. Comstock Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 - 2601, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">jkl5@cornell.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2018-01-18</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>65</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>1</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>63</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.65.21000</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.65.21000</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1860-1324-1-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">73DEE0F32BB04A21B4455E168FE50F54</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">77D7AEC9294554E5BBDCABA37901022A</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">1166397</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182223678" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:062E8A3B-6762-429F-B2D7-669FB5A2AE14" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C5F88285E406EDB5F1D92F5A3EDB013" lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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<subSubSection pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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14.
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/062E8A3B-6762-429F-B2D7-669FB5A2AE14" authority="Moore & Liebherr" authorityName="Moore & Liebherr" authorityYear="2018" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax kanak" order="Coleoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kanak" status="sp. n.">Mecyclothorax kanak Moore & Liebherr</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="36" pageNumber="37">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Head and mouthpart structures of Mecyclothorax spp. A-C. Head capsule, dorsal view: A, M. goweri; B, M. fleutiauxi; C, M. laterorectus. D-I, Mentum, labial palps and ligula: D, M. peryphoides, ventral view; E, M. storeyi, ventral view; F, M. amplipennis, dorsal view; G, M. montivagus, dorsal view; H, M. kanak, ventral view; I, M. fleutiauxi, ventral view. Abbreviations include: aso, anterior supraorbital seta; pso, posterior supraorbital seta." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.65.21000.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/179957" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Figures 1H</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 20. New Caledonian Mecyclothorax (Phacothorax) spp., dorsal view: A, M. manautei; B, M. paniensis; C, M. mouensis; D, M. kanak (Mt. Humboldt, 580 m); E, M. kanak (Mt. Humboldt, 630 m); F, M. kanak (Mt. Dzumac); G, M. kanak (Col de Yate); H, M. picdupinsensis." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.65.21000.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/179976" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">, 20D-G</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 21. Male aedeagal median lobe and parameres, and ring sclerite-mediotergite plus antecostal margin, tergite IX-of Mecyclothorax (Phacothorax) spp.: A-B, M. kanak, right view, dorsal view in situ (Mt. Humboldt, 630 m); C-D, M. kanak, right view, dorsal view in situ (Mt. Humboldt, 1400 m); E, M. kanak, form Q, right view (Mt. Humboldt, 1300 m); F-G, M. kanak, right view, dorsal view in situ (Mt. Dzumac); H-I, M. kanak, right view, dorsal view in situ (Riviere Bleue); J-K, M. kanak, right view, dorsal view in situ (Col de Yate); L-N, M. picdupinsensis, right views, dorsal view of ring sclerite. See Table 2 for abbreviations." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.65.21000.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/179977" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">, 21A-K</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F23" captionText="Figure 22. Paired left (above) and right (below) parameres of Mecyclothorax (Phacothorax) spp. (ectal view): A, M. kanak; B, M. picdupinsensis." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.65.21000.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/179979" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">, 22A</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 23. Female reproductive tract, gonocoxites and associated laterotergites, Mecyclothorax (Phacothorax) spp: A, M. manautei; B, M. paniensis; C, M. mouensis; D, M. kanak (Mt. Dzumac; common oviduct artificially darkened to show configuration); E, M. kanak (Pic du Grand Kaori); F, M. picdupinsensis. See Table 2 for abbreviations." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.65.21000.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/179980" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">, 23D-E</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 24. Left female gonocoxa of Mecyclothorax (Phacothorax) spp., ventral view: A, M. manautei; B, M. paniensis; C, M. mouensis; D, M. kanak; E, M. picdupinsensis. See Table 2 for abbreviations." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.65.21000.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/179981" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">, 24D</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 26. Recorded geographical distribution of M. kanak (including population samples A-I for which representative male aedeagi are figured): numbers of males sampled for each locality indicated in lower left of boxes. Sampled population localities include: A, Mt. Humboldt, 1300 - 1400 m; B, Mt. Humboldt, 600 m; C, Mt. Dzumac; D, Riviere Bleue, 800 m; E, Riviere Bleue, 400 m; F, Mts. Koghis; G, Col de Yate; H, Pic du Grand Kaori; I, Foret Nord." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.65.21000.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/179983" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">, 26</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="37" pageNumber="38" start="start">Diagnosis</pageBreakToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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This second of the species triplet also including
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<taxonomicName genus="M." lsidName="M. mouensis" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" rank="species" species="mouensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">M. mouensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName genus="M." lsidName="M. picdupinsensis" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" rank="species" species="picdupinsensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">M. picdupinsensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can be diagnosed externally by characters listed in the
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<taxonomicName genus="M." lsidName="M. mouensis" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" rank="species" species="mouensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">M. mouensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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diagnosis. This species and the following
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<taxonomicName genus="M." lsidName="M. picdupinsensis" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" rank="species" species="picdupinsensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">M. picdupinsensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are adelphotaxa based on possession of the synapomorphous hitch on the apical surface of the male aedeagal median lobe (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Strict consensus cladogram of 16 equally most-parsimonious trees derived from cladistic analysis of 65 moriomorphine taxa, including the secondary outgroup Neonomius laevicollis, six primary outgroup taxa in Amblytelus and allied genera, and 58 ingroup terminals; 57 Mecyclothorax species plus two genitalic forms of M. andersoni. Species terminals are labeled with species name and three-letter abbreviation of relevant generic or subgeneric name. Full listing of included taxa along with subgeneric assignments is presented in Table 2. Cladistic analysis is based on 137 characters (see character descriptions for nature of each character Areas occupied by the included taxa indicated by abbreviations following species epithets: Bo, Borneo; EOZ, eastern Australia, i. e. east of the Nullarbor Plain; FP, French Polynesia, Tahiti; HI, Hawaiian Islands, Maui; Jv, Java; LH, Lord Howe Island; NC, New Caledonia; Nf, Norfolk Island; NNZ, North Island of New Zealand; NZ, generally distributed across New Zealand; OZ, generally distributed across Australia; PNG, Papua New Guinea; QOZ, restricted to Queensland, Australia; SNZ, South Island of New Zealand plus Chatham Islands; SP & A, St. Paul and Amsterdam Islands; WOZ, western Australia, i. e. west of the Nullarbor Plain." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.65.21000.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/179963" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">7</figureCitation>
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, character 112, state 1). This species can be diagnosed from
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<taxonomicName genus="M." lsidName="M. picdupinsensis" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" rank="species" species="picdupinsensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">M. picdupinsensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by the hitch configuration being a well-developed apical invagination (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 21. Male aedeagal median lobe and parameres, and ring sclerite-mediotergite plus antecostal margin, tergite IX-of Mecyclothorax (Phacothorax) spp.: A-B, M. kanak, right view, dorsal view in situ (Mt. Humboldt, 630 m); C-D, M. kanak, right view, dorsal view in situ (Mt. Humboldt, 1400 m); E, M. kanak, form Q, right view (Mt. Humboldt, 1300 m); F-G, M. kanak, right view, dorsal view in situ (Mt. Dzumac); H-I, M. kanak, right view, dorsal view in situ (Riviere Bleue); J-K, M. kanak, right view, dorsal view in situ (Col de Yate); L-N, M. picdupinsensis, right views, dorsal view of ring sclerite. See Table 2 for abbreviations." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.65.21000.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/179977" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">21A-D, F-K</figureCitation>
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), the level of invagination, curvature and length of the apex varying among populations assigned to this species (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 26. Recorded geographical distribution of M. kanak (including population samples A-I for which representative male aedeagi are figured): numbers of males sampled for each locality indicated in lower left of boxes. Sampled population localities include: A, Mt. Humboldt, 1300 - 1400 m; B, Mt. Humboldt, 600 m; C, Mt. Dzumac; D, Riviere Bleue, 800 m; E, Riviere Bleue, 400 m; F, Mts. Koghis; G, Col de Yate; H, Pic du Grand Kaori; I, Foret Nord." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.65.21000.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/179983" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">26</figureCitation>
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). In these instances the apical invagination is much more developed than in the sister species below (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 21. Male aedeagal median lobe and parameres, and ring sclerite-mediotergite plus antecostal margin, tergite IX-of Mecyclothorax (Phacothorax) spp.: A-B, M. kanak, right view, dorsal view in situ (Mt. Humboldt, 630 m); C-D, M. kanak, right view, dorsal view in situ (Mt. Humboldt, 1400 m); E, M. kanak, form Q, right view (Mt. Humboldt, 1300 m); F-G, M. kanak, right view, dorsal view in situ (Mt. Dzumac); H-I, M. kanak, right view, dorsal view in situ (Riviere Bleue); J-K, M. kanak, right view, dorsal view in situ (Col de Yate); L-N, M. picdupinsensis, right views, dorsal view of ring sclerite. See Table 2 for abbreviations." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.65.21000.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/179977" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">21L-N</figureCitation>
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). Much like the externally-cryptic species pair
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<taxonomicName genus="M." lsidName="M. fleutiauxi" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" rank="species" species="fleutiauxi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">M. fleutiauxi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName genus="M." lsidName="M. jeanneli" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" rank="species" species="jeanneli">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">M. jeanneli</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 9. New Caledonian Mecyclothorax (Phacothorax) spp., dorsal view: A, M. laterobustus; B, M. laterosinuatus; C, M. laterorectus; D, M. fleutiauxi; E, M. jeanneli." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.65.21000.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/179965" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">9D-E</figureCitation>
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), these two species are indistinguishable based on external characters. They are treated as distinct species because just as in the
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<taxonomicName genus="M." lsidName="M. fleutiauxi" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" rank="species" species="fleutiauxi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">M. fleutiauxi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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+
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<taxonomicName genus="M." lsidName="M. jeanneli" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" rank="species" species="jeanneli">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">M. jeanneli</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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pair, female reproductive tract characters also differ between the two taxa. In
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<taxonomicName genus="M." lsidName="M. kanak" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" rank="species" species="kanak">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">M. kanak</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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females, the bursa copulatrix is more parallel-sided in ventral view, with the apex narrowed (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 23. Female reproductive tract, gonocoxites and associated laterotergites, Mecyclothorax (Phacothorax) spp: A, M. manautei; B, M. paniensis; C, M. mouensis; D, M. kanak (Mt. Dzumac; common oviduct artificially darkened to show configuration); E, M. kanak (Pic du Grand Kaori); F, M. picdupinsensis. See Table 2 for abbreviations." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.65.21000.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/179980" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">23D-E</figureCitation>
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). Also, the basal gonocoxites bear a narrow, spiculate mediobasal band of fine, setose spicules (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 24. Left female gonocoxa of Mecyclothorax (Phacothorax) spp., ventral view: A, M. manautei; B, M. paniensis; C, M. mouensis; D, M. kanak; E, M. picdupinsensis. See Table 2 for abbreviations." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.65.21000.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/179981" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">24D</figureCitation>
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), versus basal gonocoxites with a broader spiculate mediobasal band of spatulate spicules in
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<taxonomicName genus="M." lsidName="M. picdupinsensis" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" rank="species" species="picdupinsensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">M. picdupinsensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 24. Left female gonocoxa of Mecyclothorax (Phacothorax) spp., ventral view: A, M. manautei; B, M. paniensis; C, M. mouensis; D, M. kanak; E, M. picdupinsensis. See Table 2 for abbreviations." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.65.21000.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/179981" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">24E</figureCitation>
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). Standardized body length 3.0-3.8 mm (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 20. New Caledonian Mecyclothorax (Phacothorax) spp., dorsal view: A, M. manautei; B, M. paniensis; C, M. mouensis; D, M. kanak (Mt. Humboldt, 580 m); E, M. kanak (Mt. Humboldt, 630 m); F, M. kanak (Mt. Dzumac); G, M. kanak (Col de Yate); H, M. picdupinsensis." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.65.21000.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/179976" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">20D-F</figureCitation>
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) for all population samples except that from Col de
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Yaté">Yate</normalizedToken>
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, for which the three specimens range 2.9-3.2 mm length (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 20. New Caledonian Mecyclothorax (Phacothorax) spp., dorsal view: A, M. manautei; B, M. paniensis; C, M. mouensis; D, M. kanak (Mt. Humboldt, 580 m); E, M. kanak (Mt. Humboldt, 630 m); F, M. kanak (Mt. Dzumac); G, M. kanak (Col de Yate); H, M. picdupinsensis." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.65.21000.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/179976" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">20G</figureCitation>
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). Chaetotaxy +/+//+/-//+/2/+/+.
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</paragraph>
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<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="3488469" doi="10.3897/dez.65.21000.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/179977" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" start="Figure 21" startId="F22">
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<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Figure 21.</emphasis>
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Male aedeagal median lobe and parameres, and ring sclerite-mediotergite plus antecostal margin, tergite IX-of
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<taxonomicName authority="" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax (Phacothorax)" order="Coleoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Phacothorax">Mecyclothorax (Phacothorax)</taxonomicName>
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spp.:
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">A-B</emphasis>
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,
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<taxonomicName genus="M." lsidName="M. kanak" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" rank="species" species="kanak">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">M. kanak</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, right view, dorsal view in situ (Mt. Humboldt, 630 m);
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">C-D</emphasis>
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,
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<taxonomicName genus="M." lsidName="M. kanak" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" rank="species" species="kanak">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">M. kanak</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, right view, dorsal view in situ (Mt. Humboldt, 1400 m);
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">E</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="M." lsidName="M. kanak" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" rank="species" species="kanak">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">M. kanak</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, form Q, right view (Mt. Humboldt, 1300 m);
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">F-G</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="M." lsidName="M. kanak" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" rank="species" species="kanak">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">M. kanak</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, right view, dorsal view in situ (Mt. Dzumac);
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">H-I</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="M." lsidName="M. kanak" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" rank="species" species="kanak">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">M. kanak</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, right view, dorsal view in situ (
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rivière">Riviere</normalizedToken>
|
||
Bleue);
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">J-K</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="M." lsidName="M. kanak" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" rank="species" species="kanak">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">M. kanak</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, right view, dorsal view in situ (Col de
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Yaté">Yate</normalizedToken>
|
||
);
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">L-N</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="M." lsidName="M. picdupinsensis" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" rank="species" species="picdupinsensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">M. picdupinsensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, right views, dorsal view of ring sclerite. See Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Key to abbreviations for structures of male genitalia, and female genitalia and reproductive tracts." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/E2C2FA730E55AFD2D7E83E55AE47B542" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" tableUuid="E2C2FA730E55AFD2D7E83E55AE47B542">2</tableCitation>
|
||
for abbreviations.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="3488471" doi="10.3897/dez.65.21000.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/179979" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" start="Figure 22" startId="F23">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Figure 22.</emphasis>
|
||
Paired left (above) and right (below) parameres of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax (Phacothorax)" order="Coleoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Phacothorax">Mecyclothorax (Phacothorax)</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. (ectal view):
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">A</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="M." lsidName="M. kanak" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" rank="species" species="kanak">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">M. kanak</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">B</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="M." lsidName="M. picdupinsensis" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" rank="species" species="picdupinsensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">M. picdupinsensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="3488473" doi="10.3897/dez.65.21000.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/179980" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" start="Figure 23" startId="F24">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Figure 23.</emphasis>
|
||
Female reproductive tract, gonocoxites and associated laterotergites,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax (Phacothorax)" order="Coleoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Phacothorax">Mecyclothorax (Phacothorax)</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp:
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">A</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="M." lsidName="M. manautei" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" rank="species" species="manautei">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">M. manautei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">B</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="M." lsidName="M. paniensis" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" rank="species" species="paniensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">M. paniensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">C</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="M." lsidName="M. mouensis" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" rank="species" species="mouensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">M. mouensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">D</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="M." lsidName="M. kanak" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" rank="species" species="kanak">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">M. kanak</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Mt. Dzumac; common oviduct artificially darkened to show configuration);
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">E</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="M." lsidName="M. kanak" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" rank="species" species="kanak">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">M. kanak</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Pic du Grand Kaori);
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">F</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="M." lsidName="M. picdupinsensis" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" rank="species" species="picdupinsensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">M. picdupinsensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. See Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Key to abbreviations for structures of male genitalia, and female genitalia and reproductive tracts." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/E2C2FA730E55AFD2D7E83E55AE47B542" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" tableUuid="E2C2FA730E55AFD2D7E83E55AE47B542">2</tableCitation>
|
||
for abbreviations.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="3488475" doi="10.3897/dez.65.21000.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/179981" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" start="Figure 24" startId="F25">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Figure 24.</emphasis>
|
||
Left female gonocoxa of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax (Phacothorax)" order="Coleoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Phacothorax">Mecyclothorax (Phacothorax)</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp., ventral view:
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">A</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="M." lsidName="M. manautei" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" rank="species" species="manautei">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">M. manautei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">B</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="M." lsidName="M. paniensis" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" rank="species" species="paniensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">M. paniensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">C</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="M." lsidName="M. mouensis" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" rank="species" species="mouensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">M. mouensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">D</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="M." lsidName="M. kanak" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" rank="species" species="kanak">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">M. kanak</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">E</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="M." lsidName="M. picdupinsensis" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" rank="species" species="picdupinsensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">M. picdupinsensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. See Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Key to abbreviations for structures of male genitalia, and female genitalia and reproductive tracts." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/E2C2FA730E55AFD2D7E83E55AE47B542" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" tableUuid="E2C2FA730E55AFD2D7E83E55AE47B542">2</tableCitation>
|
||
for abbreviations.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Description</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
(n = 24). Head capsule elongate, eyes small, very convex, ocular lobe-genal juncture evenly curved, a very shallow groove indicating limit of ocular lobe; 12-14 ommatidia along horizontal diameter of eye; ocular ratio 1.41-1.54, ocular lobe ratio 0.74-0.81, EyL/EyD = 2.16-2.45; frontal grooves narrowly incised, sinuously convergent to pit at frontoclypeal suture, extended onto clypeus; mandibles moderately elongate, mandibular ratio 1.60; ligula narrowed to a moderately broad, slightly convex anterior margin, the two ligular setae separated by 1-2 setal diameters; paraglossae thin, extended twice as far beyond ligular margin as their basal length to margin, apex visibly spiculate (100
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
); antennae moderately elongate, antennomere 9 length 2.1
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
maximal breadth; antennomere 3 glabrous except for apical ring of setae. Pronotum very transverse, distinctly cordate, lateral margins sinuately concave anterad obtuse-rounded hind angles (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 20. New Caledonian Mecyclothorax (Phacothorax) spp., dorsal view: A, M. manautei; B, M. paniensis; C, M. mouensis; D, M. kanak (Mt. Humboldt, 580 m); E, M. kanak (Mt. Humboldt, 630 m); F, M. kanak (Mt. Dzumac); G, M. kanak (Col de Yate); H, M. picdupinsensis." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.65.21000.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/179976" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">20D-G</figureCitation>
|
||
), MPW/BPW = 2.31-2.64, MPW/PL = 1.27-1.37; front angles slightly protruded, obtuse, APW/BPW = 1.27-1.48; median base unmargined basally, trapezoidally depressed relative to disc, the median longitudinal impression divided basally into two transverse impressions that isolate disc from base, each transverse basal impression terminated laterally in a short linear laterobasal depression; median longitudinal impression finely incised on disc, terminated anteriorly just anterad anterior transverse impression, a narrow fovea at posterior juncture with basal transverse impressions; anterior transverse impression shallow, broad, traceable to front angles; proepisternum separated from prosternum by a shallow groove anteriorly, and deep, distinct groove ventrally; smooth anteapical impression well developed laterally, continuous though shallower ventrally; prosternal pro
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="38" pageNumber="39" start="start">cess</pageBreakToken>
|
||
broadly, shallowly depressed between procoxae, the shallow depression extended 1/3 distance toward anterior prothoracic margin. Elytra broadly hemiovoid, humeri well-extended laterally before lateral margins curve posteriorly; basal elytral groove posteriorly curved laterad obtuse humeral angle, with three punctate depressions at the base of sutural and striae 5 and 5; MEW/EL = 0.81-0.93; sutural stria well developed in basal 2/3, striae 2-3 traceable on disc near positions of dorsal elytral setae, all three irregularly depressed with intermittent crenulations or elongate punctures along their length; stria 4 indicated by an intermittent series of shallow longitudinal depressions;
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="39" pageNumber="40" start="start">striae</pageBreakToken>
|
||
1 and 2 shallow and traceable, and stria 8 evident on elytral apex; elytra appressed and conjoined apically, the sutural margin upraised at apex. Pterothoracic mesepisternal anterior furrow with 5 depressions in 1-2 irregular rows; mesosternal-mesepisternal suture complete (as in Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Thoracic structures of Mecyclothorax spp. A-B. Lateral view of elytral epipleuron and meso-and metapleurites: A, M. laterorectus; B, M. fleutiauxi. C-D. Metathoracic flight wing: C, M. punctipennis, showing fully developed flight wing folded under elytron; D, M. lissus, stenopterous wing rudiment that extends beyond metanotum, rudimentary wing venation present at base of strap. Abbreviations include: mms, mesepisternal-mesosternal suture; msp, mesepimeron; mst, mesepisternum; mtp, metepimeron; mtt, metepisternum." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.65.21000.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/179959" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">3A</figureCitation>
|
||
); metepisternum foreshortened, lateral length/maximum width = 1.1-1.25; metepisternal-metepimeral suture complete though fine laterally. Abdomen with very elongate, shallowly curved crescent-like depression along suture between first and second ventrite, second ventrite only slightly depressed within crescent; suture between second and third ventrites reduced though traceable laterally; ventrites 3-6 with broad, shallow, linear plaques near lateral margin. Microsculpture of frons reduced, surface glossy, indistinct transverse mesh-sculpticell breadth 2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
length-visible over portions of vertex; pronotal disc glossy but with transverse sculpticells visible outside areas of reflection, trapezoidal median base glossy with indistinct transverse mesh anterad laterobasal depression; elytra opalescent, disc covered with very finely separated transverse lines, elytral apex covered with elongate transverse sculpticells and lines.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Male genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(n = 25). Antecostal margin of abdominal mediotergite IX angulate, not extended (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 21. Male aedeagal median lobe and parameres, and ring sclerite-mediotergite plus antecostal margin, tergite IX-of Mecyclothorax (Phacothorax) spp.: A-B, M. kanak, right view, dorsal view in situ (Mt. Humboldt, 630 m); C-D, M. kanak, right view, dorsal view in situ (Mt. Humboldt, 1400 m); E, M. kanak, form Q, right view (Mt. Humboldt, 1300 m); F-G, M. kanak, right view, dorsal view in situ (Mt. Dzumac); H-I, M. kanak, right view, dorsal view in situ (Riviere Bleue); J-K, M. kanak, right view, dorsal view in situ (Col de Yate); L-N, M. picdupinsensis, right views, dorsal view of ring sclerite. See Table 2 for abbreviations." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.65.21000.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/179977" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">21B, D, G, I</figureCitation>
|
||
); right paramere narrow, extended as a very narrow whiplike extension which flexibly articulates with the base, both ventral and dorsal margins glabrous, with two apical setae (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F23" captionText="Figure 22. Paired left (above) and right (below) parameres of Mecyclothorax (Phacothorax) spp. (ectal view): A, M. kanak; B, M. picdupinsensis." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.65.21000.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/179979" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">22A</figureCitation>
|
||
); left paramere moderately broad basally, evenly narrowed to a whiplike apex, two longer apical setae present; aedeagal median lobe variously robust, broader relative to length in specimens with a shorter aedeagal apex (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 21. Male aedeagal median lobe and parameres, and ring sclerite-mediotergite plus antecostal margin, tergite IX-of Mecyclothorax (Phacothorax) spp.: A-B, M. kanak, right view, dorsal view in situ (Mt. Humboldt, 630 m); C-D, M. kanak, right view, dorsal view in situ (Mt. Humboldt, 1400 m); E, M. kanak, form Q, right view (Mt. Humboldt, 1300 m); F-G, M. kanak, right view, dorsal view in situ (Mt. Dzumac); H-I, M. kanak, right view, dorsal view in situ (Riviere Bleue); J-K, M. kanak, right view, dorsal view in situ (Col de Yate); L-N, M. picdupinsensis, right views, dorsal view of ring sclerite. See Table 2 for abbreviations." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.65.21000.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/179977" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">21A, F</figureCitation>
|
||
), and narrower relative to length in males with more gracile median lobes (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 21. Male aedeagal median lobe and parameres, and ring sclerite-mediotergite plus antecostal margin, tergite IX-of Mecyclothorax (Phacothorax) spp.: A-B, M. kanak, right view, dorsal view in situ (Mt. Humboldt, 630 m); C-D, M. kanak, right view, dorsal view in situ (Mt. Humboldt, 1400 m); E, M. kanak, form Q, right view (Mt. Humboldt, 1300 m); F-G, M. kanak, right view, dorsal view in situ (Mt. Dzumac); H-I, M. kanak, right view, dorsal view in situ (Riviere Bleue); J-K, M. kanak, right view, dorsal view in situ (Col de Yate); L-N, M. picdupinsensis, right views, dorsal view of ring sclerite. See Table 2 for abbreviations." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.65.21000.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/179977" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">21C, H, J</figureCitation>
|
||
); median lobe apex variously bifurcate-except for the infraspecific variant, form Q discussed below (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 21. Male aedeagal median lobe and parameres, and ring sclerite-mediotergite plus antecostal margin, tergite IX-of Mecyclothorax (Phacothorax) spp.: A-B, M. kanak, right view, dorsal view in situ (Mt. Humboldt, 630 m); C-D, M. kanak, right view, dorsal view in situ (Mt. Humboldt, 1400 m); E, M. kanak, form Q, right view (Mt. Humboldt, 1300 m); F-G, M. kanak, right view, dorsal view in situ (Mt. Dzumac); H-I, M. kanak, right view, dorsal view in situ (Riviere Bleue); J-K, M. kanak, right view, dorsal view in situ (Col de Yate); L-N, M. picdupinsensis, right views, dorsal view of ring sclerite. See Table 2 for abbreviations." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.65.21000.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/179977" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">21E</figureCitation>
|
||
)-with an apical aedeagal invagination laterally splitting the tip, that invagination continued laterally on the median lobe toward the ostial opening (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 21. Male aedeagal median lobe and parameres, and ring sclerite-mediotergite plus antecostal margin, tergite IX-of Mecyclothorax (Phacothorax) spp.: A-B, M. kanak, right view, dorsal view in situ (Mt. Humboldt, 630 m); C-D, M. kanak, right view, dorsal view in situ (Mt. Humboldt, 1400 m); E, M. kanak, form Q, right view (Mt. Humboldt, 1300 m); F-G, M. kanak, right view, dorsal view in situ (Mt. Dzumac); H-I, M. kanak, right view, dorsal view in situ (Riviere Bleue); J-K, M. kanak, right view, dorsal view in situ (Col de Yate); L-N, M. picdupinsensis, right views, dorsal view of ring sclerite. See Table 2 for abbreviations." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.65.21000.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/179977" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">21A, C, F, H, J</figureCitation>
|
||
); aedeagal apex variously extended and curved, from short and broad, and briefly extended beyond the ostial opening (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 21. Male aedeagal median lobe and parameres, and ring sclerite-mediotergite plus antecostal margin, tergite IX-of Mecyclothorax (Phacothorax) spp.: A-B, M. kanak, right view, dorsal view in situ (Mt. Humboldt, 630 m); C-D, M. kanak, right view, dorsal view in situ (Mt. Humboldt, 1400 m); E, M. kanak, form Q, right view (Mt. Humboldt, 1300 m); F-G, M. kanak, right view, dorsal view in situ (Mt. Dzumac); H-I, M. kanak, right view, dorsal view in situ (Riviere Bleue); J-K, M. kanak, right view, dorsal view in situ (Col de Yate); L-N, M. picdupinsensis, right views, dorsal view of ring sclerite. See Table 2 for abbreviations." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.65.21000.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/179977" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">21A, F</figureCitation>
|
||
), to more elongate broadly extended and slightly downturned (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 21. Male aedeagal median lobe and parameres, and ring sclerite-mediotergite plus antecostal margin, tergite IX-of Mecyclothorax (Phacothorax) spp.: A-B, M. kanak, right view, dorsal view in situ (Mt. Humboldt, 630 m); C-D, M. kanak, right view, dorsal view in situ (Mt. Humboldt, 1400 m); E, M. kanak, form Q, right view (Mt. Humboldt, 1300 m); F-G, M. kanak, right view, dorsal view in situ (Mt. Dzumac); H-I, M. kanak, right view, dorsal view in situ (Riviere Bleue); J-K, M. kanak, right view, dorsal view in situ (Col de Yate); L-N, M. picdupinsensis, right views, dorsal view of ring sclerite. See Table 2 for abbreviations." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.65.21000.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/179977" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">21H</figureCitation>
|
||
), to more elongate and narrowly extended (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 21. Male aedeagal median lobe and parameres, and ring sclerite-mediotergite plus antecostal margin, tergite IX-of Mecyclothorax (Phacothorax) spp.: A-B, M. kanak, right view, dorsal view in situ (Mt. Humboldt, 630 m); C-D, M. kanak, right view, dorsal view in situ (Mt. Humboldt, 1400 m); E, M. kanak, form Q, right view (Mt. Humboldt, 1300 m); F-G, M. kanak, right view, dorsal view in situ (Mt. Dzumac); H-I, M. kanak, right view, dorsal view in situ (Riviere Bleue); J-K, M. kanak, right view, dorsal view in situ (Col de Yate); L-N, M. picdupinsensis, right views, dorsal view of ring sclerite. See Table 2 for abbreviations." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.65.21000.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/179977" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">21C</figureCitation>
|
||
), to very narrowly extended and distinctly curved (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 21. Male aedeagal median lobe and parameres, and ring sclerite-mediotergite plus antecostal margin, tergite IX-of Mecyclothorax (Phacothorax) spp.: A-B, M. kanak, right view, dorsal view in situ (Mt. Humboldt, 630 m); C-D, M. kanak, right view, dorsal view in situ (Mt. Humboldt, 1400 m); E, M. kanak, form Q, right view (Mt. Humboldt, 1300 m); F-G, M. kanak, right view, dorsal view in situ (Mt. Dzumac); H-I, M. kanak, right view, dorsal view in situ (Riviere Bleue); J-K, M. kanak, right view, dorsal view in situ (Col de Yate); L-N, M. picdupinsensis, right views, dorsal view of ring sclerite. See Table 2 for abbreviations." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.65.21000.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/179977" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">21J</figureCitation>
|
||
); median lobe internal sac
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="40" pageNumber="41" start="start">with</pageBreakToken>
|
||
translucent dorsal plate, most visible in well-sclerotized specimens (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 21. Male aedeagal median lobe and parameres, and ring sclerite-mediotergite plus antecostal margin, tergite IX-of Mecyclothorax (Phacothorax) spp.: A-B, M. kanak, right view, dorsal view in situ (Mt. Humboldt, 630 m); C-D, M. kanak, right view, dorsal view in situ (Mt. Humboldt, 1400 m); E, M. kanak, form Q, right view (Mt. Humboldt, 1300 m); F-G, M. kanak, right view, dorsal view in situ (Mt. Dzumac); H-I, M. kanak, right view, dorsal view in situ (Riviere Bleue); J-K, M. kanak, right view, dorsal view in situ (Col de Yate); L-N, M. picdupinsensis, right views, dorsal view of ring sclerite. See Table 2 for abbreviations." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.65.21000.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/179977" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">21A, E, J</figureCitation>
|
||
), and a longitudinal apical field of microspicules (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 21. Male aedeagal median lobe and parameres, and ring sclerite-mediotergite plus antecostal margin, tergite IX-of Mecyclothorax (Phacothorax) spp.: A-B, M. kanak, right view, dorsal view in situ (Mt. Humboldt, 630 m); C-D, M. kanak, right view, dorsal view in situ (Mt. Humboldt, 1400 m); E, M. kanak, form Q, right view (Mt. Humboldt, 1300 m); F-G, M. kanak, right view, dorsal view in situ (Mt. Dzumac); H-I, M. kanak, right view, dorsal view in situ (Riviere Bleue); J-K, M. kanak, right view, dorsal view in situ (Col de Yate); L-N, M. picdupinsensis, right views, dorsal view of ring sclerite. See Table 2 for abbreviations." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.65.21000.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/179977" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">21A, J</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
One of a series of nine males from Mt. Humboldt, 1300 m el., 6-7-xi-2002, Monteith & Wright, lot 1076 (QMB) exhibits a broad aedeagus with a rounded tip, the ostial opening more asymmetrical apically (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 21. Male aedeagal median lobe and parameres, and ring sclerite-mediotergite plus antecostal margin, tergite IX-of Mecyclothorax (Phacothorax) spp.: A-B, M. kanak, right view, dorsal view in situ (Mt. Humboldt, 630 m); C-D, M. kanak, right view, dorsal view in situ (Mt. Humboldt, 1400 m); E, M. kanak, form Q, right view (Mt. Humboldt, 1300 m); F-G, M. kanak, right view, dorsal view in situ (Mt. Dzumac); H-I, M. kanak, right view, dorsal view in situ (Riviere Bleue); J-K, M. kanak, right view, dorsal view in situ (Col de Yate); L-N, M. picdupinsensis, right views, dorsal view of ring sclerite. See Table 2 for abbreviations." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.65.21000.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/179977" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">21E</figureCitation>
|
||
), herein dubbed form Q. The other eight males of this particular collecting series all exhibit aedeagal apices similar to those from Mt. Humboldt, 1400 m (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 21. Male aedeagal median lobe and parameres, and ring sclerite-mediotergite plus antecostal margin, tergite IX-of Mecyclothorax (Phacothorax) spp.: A-B, M. kanak, right view, dorsal view in situ (Mt. Humboldt, 630 m); C-D, M. kanak, right view, dorsal view in situ (Mt. Humboldt, 1400 m); E, M. kanak, form Q, right view (Mt. Humboldt, 1300 m); F-G, M. kanak, right view, dorsal view in situ (Mt. Dzumac); H-I, M. kanak, right view, dorsal view in situ (Riviere Bleue); J-K, M. kanak, right view, dorsal view in situ (Col de Yate); L-N, M. picdupinsensis, right views, dorsal view of ring sclerite. See Table 2 for abbreviations." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.65.21000.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/179977" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">21C</figureCitation>
|
||
). There are no external differences discernible among the males of this series, and no other examined male from Mt. Humboldt or anywhere else across the distributional range exhibits the "form Q" aedeagal configuration. Therefore this form is considered an infraspecific variant without nomenclatural status, with its evolutionary basis requiring further study.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
The geographic pattern of aedeagal configuration shows that populations in the southern end of the range include males with a longer, narrower, and more curved aedeagal apex (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 26. Recorded geographical distribution of M. kanak (including population samples A-I for which representative male aedeagi are figured): numbers of males sampled for each locality indicated in lower left of boxes. Sampled population localities include: A, Mt. Humboldt, 1300 - 1400 m; B, Mt. Humboldt, 600 m; C, Mt. Dzumac; D, Riviere Bleue, 800 m; E, Riviere Bleue, 400 m; F, Mts. Koghis; G, Col de Yate; H, Pic du Grand Kaori; I, Foret Nord." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.65.21000.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/179983" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">26</figureCitation>
|
||
, populations G, H, I). The extreme of this trend is observed in two males from Col de
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Yaté">Yate</normalizedToken>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 26. Recorded geographical distribution of M. kanak (including population samples A-I for which representative male aedeagi are figured): numbers of males sampled for each locality indicated in lower left of boxes. Sampled population localities include: A, Mt. Humboldt, 1300 - 1400 m; B, Mt. Humboldt, 600 m; C, Mt. Dzumac; D, Riviere Bleue, 800 m; E, Riviere Bleue, 400 m; F, Mts. Koghis; G, Col de Yate; H, Pic du Grand Kaori; I, Foret Nord." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.65.21000.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/179983" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">26</figureCitation>
|
||
, population G). The beetles comprising the Col de
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Yaté">Yate</normalizedToken>
|
||
sample also tend to be smaller, though the size range of the three specimens of this population sample overlap the ranges of other populations, precluding diagnosis by size. Given the trend toward longer, narrower aedeagal apices in the south, and the demonstrated variation in aedeagal apices among other population samples (e.g. Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 26. Recorded geographical distribution of M. kanak (including population samples A-I for which representative male aedeagi are figured): numbers of males sampled for each locality indicated in lower left of boxes. Sampled population localities include: A, Mt. Humboldt, 1300 - 1400 m; B, Mt. Humboldt, 600 m; C, Mt. Dzumac; D, Riviere Bleue, 800 m; E, Riviere Bleue, 400 m; F, Mts. Koghis; G, Col de Yate; H, Pic du Grand Kaori; I, Foret Nord." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.65.21000.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/179983" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">26</figureCitation>
|
||
, population samples C, F), this variation is considered infraspecific.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="3488477" doi="10.3897/dez.65.21000.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/179982" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" start="Figure 25" startId="F26">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Figure 25.</emphasis>
|
||
Geographical distributions of
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Mecyclothorax (Phacothorax)</emphasis>
|
||
spp. (asterisked locality attributed to
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">M. mouensis</emphasis>
|
||
based on non-type female specimen).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Female reproductive tract</emphasis>
|
||
(n = 4). Bursa copulatrix length 1.1-1.4
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
circumference, its surface thin, translucent, slightly to not wrinkled (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 23. Female reproductive tract, gonocoxites and associated laterotergites, Mecyclothorax (Phacothorax) spp: A, M. manautei; B, M. paniensis; C, M. mouensis; D, M. kanak (Mt. Dzumac; common oviduct artificially darkened to show configuration); E, M. kanak (Pic du Grand Kaori); F, M. picdupinsensis. See Table 2 for abbreviations." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.65.21000.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/179980" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">23D-E</figureCitation>
|
||
); spermathecal duct entering at apex of bursa separate from bursa-common oviduct juncture; rounded helminthoid sclerite on bursal wall between, and separate from both, bursal-common oviduct juncture and spermatheca; spermatheca of
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="41" pageNumber="42" start="start">only</pageBreakToken>
|
||
slightly greater circumference than spermathecal duct, reservoir about 1/2 length of spermathecal duct, spermathecal gland duct entering at base of spermathecal reservoir (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 23. Female reproductive tract, gonocoxites and associated laterotergites, Mecyclothorax (Phacothorax) spp: A, M. manautei; B, M. paniensis; C, M. mouensis; D, M. kanak (Mt. Dzumac; common oviduct artificially darkened to show configuration); E, M. kanak (Pic du Grand Kaori); F, M. picdupinsensis. See Table 2 for abbreviations." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.65.21000.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/179980" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">23E</figureCitation>
|
||
); ligular apophysis present on common oviduct; basal gonocoxite 1 with apical fringe of two to unilaterally three setae laterally, a very small setae may be present immediately mesad, and several smaller setae occur along apex of medial margin (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 24. Left female gonocoxa of Mecyclothorax (Phacothorax) spp., ventral view: A, M. manautei; B, M. paniensis; C, M. mouensis; D, M. kanak; E, M. picdupinsensis. See Table 2 for abbreviations." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.65.21000.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/179981" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">24D</figureCitation>
|
||
); medial margin bearing a dense field of spiculate microtrichia basally, this field about 3-4 microtrichia broad and appearing like the hooklike surface of a Velcro® closure; gonocoxite 2 moderately broad basally, basal width 1/2 medial length; two gracile lateral ensiform setae of moderate length present.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Types</emphasis>
|
||
- Holotype male (MNHN): NEW CALEDONIA / Mt Dzumac / 28 May 1987 / R.Raven // Q.M. Berlesate No. 800 /
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="22" direction="south" minutes="03" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-22.05">22°03'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
.
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="166" direction="east" minutes="28" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="166.46666">166°28'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
. / Rainforest 900m / Litter // QUEENSLAND / MUSEUM LOAN / DATE: Nov. 2003 / No. LEN-1686 (green label) // HOLOTYPE / Mecyclothorax / kanak / B.P. Moore & J.K. / Liebherr 2017 (black-bordered red label).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Paratypes (181 specimens; CUIC, EMEC, MBC, MHNG, MNHW, NHMW, PMGC, QMB): see Suppl. material 2.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
This species is named to honor the Kanak people of New Caledonia. As the species epithet kanak is not derived from Latin, it is to be treated as indeclinable (I.C.Z.N. 1999, Article 31.2.3). Dr. B. P. Moore diagnosed this species from the preceding sibling species
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="M." lsidName="M. mouensis" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" rank="species" species="mouensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">M. mouensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and as such it is appropriate that he receive senior authorship for the species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Distribution and habitat.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
This species is densely and abundantly distributed across the southern reaches of Grande Terre, with records from Mt. Humboldt south to
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Forêt">Foret</normalizedToken>
|
||
Nord (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 26. Recorded geographical distribution of M. kanak (including population samples A-I for which representative male aedeagi are figured): numbers of males sampled for each locality indicated in lower left of boxes. Sampled population localities include: A, Mt. Humboldt, 1300 - 1400 m; B, Mt. Humboldt, 600 m; C, Mt. Dzumac; D, Riviere Bleue, 800 m; E, Riviere Bleue, 400 m; F, Mts. Koghis; G, Col de Yate; H, Pic du Grand Kaori; I, Foret Nord." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.65.21000.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/179983" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">26</figureCitation>
|
||
). Collecting localities range from 70 m elevation along the Tontouta River, to 1500 m on the slopes of Mt. Humboldt. Professor Alexander von Humboldt (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wulf, A" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Coastal Research" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" refId="B102" refString="Wulf, A, 2015. The Invention of Nature, Alexander von Humboldt's New World. Alfred A. Knopf, New York." title="The Invention of Nature, Alexander von Humboldt's New World. Alfred A. Knopf, New York." year="2015">Wulf 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) would no doubt be very interested to learn that this species occurs from 580-1500 m elevation on his namesake mountain, inhabiting lowland rain forest, montane rain forest, and high-altitude maquis (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8686-3" author="Mueller-Dombois, D" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Australian Entomological Society" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" refId="B81" refString="Mueller-Dombois, D, Fosberg, FR, 1998. Vegetation of the Tropical Pacific Islands. Springer Verlag, New York, Inc. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8686-3" title="Vegetation of the Tropical Pacific Islands. Springer Verlag, New York, Inc." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8686-3" year="1998">Mueller-Dombois and Fosberg 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), where this species was
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="42" pageNumber="43" start="start">collected</pageBreakToken>
|
||
from sifted litter under
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Callitris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Callitris neocaledonica" order="Pinales" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Pinophyta" rank="species" species="neocaledonica">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Callitris neocaledonica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Dümmer">Duemmer</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1, Wanat, MNHW). Of the 177 specimens examined, 133 were labeled as collected in sieved litter or by Berlese extraction. A further 34 specimens (
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Löbl">Loebl</normalizedToken>
|
||
, MHNG) can also be assigned as the products of these methods. This leaves the remaining 6% of specimens to be divided between such collecting methods as headlamp search at night, "at light", flight intercept trap, and no data. Thus this species can be characterized as a fastidious denizen of the ground-level litter layer.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="3488479" doi="10.3897/dez.65.21000.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/179983" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" start="Figure 26" startId="F27">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Figure 26.</emphasis>
|
||
Recorded geographical distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="M." lsidName="M. kanak" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="kanak">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">M. kanak</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(including population samples A-I for which representative male aedeagi are figured): numbers of males sampled for each locality indicated in lower left of boxes. Sampled population localities include:
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">A</emphasis>
|
||
, Mt. Humboldt, 1300-1400 m;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">B</emphasis>
|
||
, Mt. Humboldt, 600 m;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">C</emphasis>
|
||
, Mt. Dzumac;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">D</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rivière">Riviere</normalizedToken>
|
||
Bleue, 800 m;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">E</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rivière">Riviere</normalizedToken>
|
||
Bleue, 400 m;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">F</emphasis>
|
||
, Mts. Koghis;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">G</emphasis>
|
||
, Col de
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Yaté">Yate</normalizedToken>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">H</emphasis>
|
||
, Pic du Grand Kaori;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">I</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Forêt">Foret</normalizedToken>
|
||
Nord.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |