718 lines
100 KiB
XML
718 lines
100 KiB
XML
<document id="9620F79F7D51E1AB3910A9B579075780" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4103.4.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="370643b1-f476-4b31-b637-1e2ad8c63ea4" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="271202" ID-ZooBank="3EAC4E08-6076-4A53-BE0B-05947D3444C5" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460615452458" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Magalhães, Wagner F., Weidhase, Michael, Schulze, Anja & Bailey-Brock, Julie H." docDate="2016" docId="1C528797FF91FFB66AA4958E84CC2FB5" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4103.4.2.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4103 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Ctenodrilus pacificus Magalhães, Weidhase, Schulze & Bailey-Brock, 2016, sp. nov" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="338" masterDocId="E06BFFEFFF96FFBB6A33945F84782D24" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic remarks on the genus Ctenodrilus (Annelida: Cirratulidae) including description of a new species from the Pacific Ocean" masterLastPageNumber="343" masterPageNumber="325" pageNumber="332" updateTime="1698330117850" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="B7F397DB744A769355B6C6E6E51A3C00">Taxonomic remarks on the genus Ctenodrilus (Annelida: Cirratulidae) including description of a new species from the Pacific Ocean</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="C8285DC5D07EBFB85732B36E9339197F" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="ED5238B7C91C2A5F62A81BA922B928A8">Magalhães, Wagner F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B413D99282F8A10125DFBD8FCD6F1031">Weidhase, Michael</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="47AA95ADB8D3FFEE34FA7ED41DE79DFD">Schulze, Anja</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F169BF746E2030FF795C22FAD8D0B1E7">Bailey-Brock, Julie H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="C56EEAA30965568994A946A4E3EB2F1E">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="73DD71CE1EB6B112B729733C6F653708">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="4EBC35B531BD8D2BCA7AA18481823EC8">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="2B24327087BC57AD193B73FE2CF88376">4103</mods:number>
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<treatment id="1C528797FF91FFB66AA4958E84CC2FB5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5612342" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5612342" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1C528797FF91FFB66AA4958E84CC2FB5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C528797FF91FFB66AA4958E84CC2FB5" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="338" pageId="7" pageNumber="332">
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<subSubSection id="DCE1650AFF91FFBC6AA4958E85642F29" pageId="7" pageNumber="332" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="94443681FF91FFBC6AA4958E85642F29" blockId="7.[151,506,465,525]" pageId="7" pageNumber="332">
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<heading id="CF0C81EDFF91FFBC6AA4958E858D2CCF" bold="true" box="[151,501,465,491]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="332" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="53FB4D02FF91FFBC6AA4958E85E12CCF" box="[151,409,465,491]" class="Polychaeta" family="Ctenodrilidae" genus="Ctenodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="332" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pacificus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="A68FEA93FF91FFBC6AA4958E85E12CCF" bold="true" box="[151,409,465,491]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="332">Ctenodrilus pacificus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="BDBC57E8FF91FFBC6B93958D858D2CCF" box="[416,501,466,491]" pageId="7" pageNumber="332" rank="species">
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<emphasis id="A68FEA93FF91FFBC6B93958D858D2CCF" bold="true" box="[416,501,466,491]" pageId="7" pageNumber="332">sp. nov</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
.
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<figureCitation id="0CC02A04FF91FFBC6AA495AB85642F29" box="[151,284,500,525]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 2" captionStart-1="FIGURE 3" captionStart-2="FIGURE 4" captionStart-3="FIGURE 5" captionStartId-0="8.[151,250,1207,1229]" captionStartId-1="9.[151,250,1778,1800]" captionStartId-2="10.[151,250,1591,1613]" captionStartId-3="11.[151,250,1037,1059]" captionTargetBox-0="[150,1431,182,1185]" captionTargetBox-1="[155,1431,234,1748]" captionTargetBox-2="[154,1434,196,1566]" captionTargetBox-3="[154,1431,198,1012]" captionTargetId-0="figure@8.[150,1436,175,1186]" captionTargetId-1="figure@9.[150,1436,193,1757]" captionTargetId-2="figure@10.[150,1437,193,1570]" captionTargetId-3="figure@11.[151,1435,193,1016]" captionTargetPageId-0="8" captionTargetPageId-1="9" captionTargetPageId-2="10" captionTargetPageId-3="11" captionText-0="FIGURE 2. Ctenodrilus pacificus sp. nov. A, line drawing of a complete live specimen in lateral view; B, complete specimen in lateral-ventral view showing distribution of ventral cilia; C, multidentate hooks of a single individual. (abbreviations: es, esophagus; hb, heart body; int, intestine; mo, mouth; nep, nephridium; nuO, nuchal organ; per, peristomium; ph, pharynx; pr, prostomium; py, pygidium; st, stomach; vc, ventral cilia)." captionText-1="FIGURE 3. Ctenodrilus pacificus sp. nov. A, complete live specimen showing body pigmentation and digestive system; B, anterior end in lateral view showing everted pharynx and circulatory system; C, posterior end in lateral view showing pygidium with everted lobe; D, parapodium from mid-body region and inset showing multidentate hooks; E, posterior end segments showing small nucleated cells of unknown function. (abbreviations: dv, dorsal vessel; hb, heart body; int, intestine; ne, neuropodium; no, notopodium; nuO, nuchal organ; ph, pharynx; st, stomach; sv, segmental vessel; vv, ventral vessel)." captionText-2="FIGURE 4. SEM of Ctenodrilus pacificus sp. nov. A, complete specimen in lateral view; B, anterior end in lateral view; C, detail of nuchal organ; D, mid-body segment showing parapodial region; E, pygidium; F and G, multidentate hooks. (abbreviations: ch. 1, chaetiger 1; ne, neuropodium; no, notopodium; nuO, nuchal organ; per, peristomium; pr, prostomium; vc, ventral cilia)." captionText-3="FIGURE 5. Average number, maximum number per fascicle and distribution of multidentate hooks along the body of Ctenodrilus pacificus sp. nov. (A and B, N = 20 individuals) and Ctenodrilus serratus from the North Atlantic (C and D, N = 11 ind.). A, notopodia of Ctenodrilus pacificus sp. nov.; B, neuropodia of Ctenodrilus pacificus sp. nov.; C, notopodia of Ctenodrilus serratus; D, neuropodia of Ctenodrilus serratus." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/271204/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/271205/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/271206/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/271207/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="332">Figures 2‒5</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="DCE1650AFF91FFBC6AA4966986292902" pageId="7" pageNumber="332" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="94443681FF91FFBC6AA4966984A92F9F" blockId="7.[151,1437,566,2034]" pageId="7" pageNumber="332">
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<emphasis id="A68FEA93FF91FFBC6AA4966986682F6B" bold="true" box="[151,528,566,591]" pageId="7" pageNumber="332">
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||
Material examined.
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<typeStatus id="4B408823FF91FFBC6BA9966986732F6B" box="[410,523,566,591]" pageId="7" pageNumber="332" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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</emphasis>
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Duke Kahanamoku Lagoon, south shore of Oahu,
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<emphasis id="A68FEA93FF91FFBC6EA4966980942F6B" bold="true" box="[1175,1260,566,591]" pageId="7" pageNumber="332">Hawaii</emphasis>
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, 21.282587, - 157.838919, on green algae, shallow subtidal,
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<date id="E0451041FF91FFBC6880960487362F57" box="[691,846,602,627]" pageId="7" pageNumber="332" value="2015-08-29">29 Aug 2015</date>
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, coll. W. Magalhães (
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<collectionCode id="F2EAAE44FF91FFBC6E78960480E62F57" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[1099,1182,603,627]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="7" pageNumber="332">USNM</collectionCode>
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1297761).
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<emphasis id="A68FEA93FF91FFBC6F17960581E42F57" bold="true" box="[1316,1436,602,627]" pageId="7" pageNumber="332">
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<typeStatus id="4B408823FF91FFBC6F17960581E42F57" box="[1316,1436,602,627]" pageId="7" pageNumber="332" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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||
same locality, date and collector as
|
||
<typeStatus id="4B408823FF91FFBC6814962186F12FB3" box="[551,649,638,663]" pageId="7" pageNumber="332" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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||
(6,
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||
<collectionCode id="F2EAAE44FF91FFBC6884962087702FB3" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[695,776,639,663]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="7" pageNumber="332">USNM</collectionCode>
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||
1297762; 5,
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<collectionCode id="F2EAAE44FF91FFBC69AE962087892FB2" box="[925,1009,639,662]" pageId="7" pageNumber="332">BMNH</collectionCode>
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2016.360-364; 10,
|
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<collectionCode id="F2EAAE44FF91FFBC6EFD9620815A2FB2" box="[1230,1314,639,662]" pageId="7" pageNumber="332">BMNH</collectionCode>
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2016.365- 374).
|
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="94443681FF91FFBC6AF4969986292902" blockId="7.[151,1437,566,2034]" pageId="7" pageNumber="332">
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<emphasis id="A68FEA93FF91FFBC6AF4969981472FFB" bold="true" box="[199,1343,710,735]" pageId="7" pageNumber="332">
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Comparative material examined:
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<taxonomicName id="53FB4D02FF91FFBC68549699872F2FFA" box="[615,855,710,735]" class="Polychaeta" family="Ctenodrilidae" genus="Ctenodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="332" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="serratus">
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<emphasis id="A68FEA93FF91FFBC68549699872F2FFA" bold="true" box="[615,855,710,735]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="332">Ctenodrilus serratus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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:
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<collectingCountry id="ECEC7611FF91FFBC695F969980682FFB" box="[876,1040,710,735]" name="United States of America" pageId="7" pageNumber="332">United States</collectingCountry>
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, Massachusetts, Nahant,
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</emphasis>
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Marine Science Institute seawater tables, coll. 0
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<date id="E0451041FF91FFBC686896B586A72E27" box="[603,735,746,771]" pageId="7" pageNumber="332" value="1974-04-06">6 Apr 1974</date>
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, Robert E. Palmer (
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<specimenCount id="82FDFD08FF91FFBC69F396B580352E27" box="[960,1101,746,771]" pageId="7" pageNumber="332" type="generic">5 specimens</specimenCount>
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, one in early stage of asexual budding,
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<collectionCode id="F2EAAE44FF91FFBC6B319750852B2E03" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[258,339,783,807]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="7" pageNumber="332">USNM</collectionCode>
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51480);
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||
<emphasis id="A68FEA93FF91FFBC6B8F9751807C2E03" bold="true" box="[444,1028,782,807]" pageId="7" pageNumber="332">
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||
<collectingCountry id="ECEC7611FF91FFBC6B8F975186252E03" box="[444,605,782,807]" name="United States of America" pageId="7" pageNumber="332">United States</collectingCountry>
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, Massachusetts, Cuttyhunk Island,
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</emphasis>
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on sponges, coll. 0
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<date id="E0451041FF91FFBC6ED5975081162E03" box="[1254,1390,782,807]" pageId="7" pageNumber="332" value="1953-09-01">1 Sept 1953</date>
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, M. Pettibone, (5 badly preserved specimens,
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<collectionCode id="F2EAAE44FF91FFBC6840976C86BC2E6F" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[627,708,819,843]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="7" pageNumber="332">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
50886);
|
||
<emphasis id="A68FEA93FF91FFBC691F976D810E2E6F" bold="true" box="[812,1398,818,843]" pageId="7" pageNumber="332">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="ECEC7611FF91FFBC691F976D87B62E6F" box="[812,974,818,843]" name="United States of America" pageId="7" pageNumber="332">United States</collectingCountry>
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||
, Massachusetts, Cuttyhunk Island,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
on
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||
<taxonomicName id="53FB4D02FF91FFBC6AA49708852B2E4A" box="[151,339,854,878]" class="Bivalvia" family="Pectinidae" genus="Pecten" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pectinoida" pageId="7" pageNumber="332" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="irradians">
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<emphasis id="A68FEA93FF91FFBC6AA49708852B2E4A" box="[151,339,854,878]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="332">Pecten irradians</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, coll.
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<date id="E0451041FF91FFBC6BA89708864B2E4B" box="[411,563,854,879]" pageId="7" pageNumber="332" value="1952-08-18">18 Aug 1952</date>
|
||
, M. Pettibone, (3 badly preserved specimens,
|
||
<collectionCode id="F2EAAE44FF91FFBC6E0D970880F72E4B" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[1086,1167,855,879]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="7" pageNumber="332">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
50889);
|
||
<emphasis id="A68FEA93FF91FFBC6EC5970985A22EB7" bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="332">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="ECEC7611FF91FFBC6EC5970981EF2E4B" box="[1270,1431,854,879]" name="United States of America" pageId="7" pageNumber="332">United States</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Louisiana, Gulf of
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||
<collectingCountry id="ECEC7611FF91FFBC6B4F972585AD2EB7" box="[380,469,890,915]" name="Mexico" pageId="7" pageNumber="332">Mexico</collectingCountry>
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||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
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||
Bay Marchand Lease Area, 12 meters, 29.0472, -90.1628,
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||
<collectionCode id="F2EAAE44FF91FFBC6EB2972480BF2EB7" box="[1153,1223,891,915]" pageId="7" pageNumber="332">CGPS</collectionCode>
|
||
Expedition, MMS Collections, Central Gulf Platform Study, coll.
|
||
<date id="E0451041FF91FFBC689697C087482E93" box="[677,816,927,951]" pageId="7" pageNumber="332" value="1978-06-19">19 Jun 1978</date>
|
||
, Mfj; Deh (1,
|
||
<collectionCode id="F2EAAE44FF91FFBC69FD97C080672E93" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[974,1055,927,951]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="7" pageNumber="332">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
67987);
|
||
<emphasis id="A68FEA93FF91FFBC6EB097C181E42E93" bold="true" box="[1155,1436,926,951]" pageId="7" pageNumber="332">
|
||
San
|
||
<collectingCountry id="ECEC7611FF91FFBC6E8497C181592E93" box="[1207,1313,926,951]" name="El Salvador" pageId="7" pageNumber="332">Salvador</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="ECEC7611FF91FFBC6F1E97C181E42E93" box="[1325,1436,926,951]" name="Bahamas" pageId="7" pageNumber="332">Bahamas</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(1,
|
||
<collectionCode id="F2EAAE44FF91FFBC6A8C979C85682EFF" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[191,272,963,987]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="7" pageNumber="332">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
1044811);
|
||
<emphasis id="A68FEA93FF91FFBC6BA5979D85A62EFF" bold="true" box="[406,478,962,987]" pageId="7" pageNumber="332">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="ECEC7611FF91FFBC6BA5979D85A62EFF" box="[406,478,962,987]" name="Belize" pageId="7" pageNumber="332">Belize</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(1,
|
||
<collectionCode id="F2EAAE44FF91FFBC6823979C86192EFF" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[528,609,963,987]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="7" pageNumber="332">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
321390).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53FB4D02FF91FFBC68E9979D80742EFF" box="[730,1036,962,987]" class="Polychaeta" family="Ctenodrilidae" genus="Ctenodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="332" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="paucidentatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A68FEA93FF91FFBC68E9979D80742EFF" bold="true" box="[730,1036,962,987]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="332">Ctenodrilus paucidentatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<typeStatus id="4B408823FF91FFBC6E2D979D80FE2EFF" box="[1054,1158,962,987]" pageId="7" pageNumber="332" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="F2EAAE44FF91FFBC6EAB979C80962EFF" box="[1176,1262,963,987]" pageId="7" pageNumber="332">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
1976.255, vial empty) and
|
||
<typeStatus id="4B408823FF91FFBC6B2E97B585052926" box="[285,381,1002,1026]" pageId="7" pageNumber="332" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
(1,
|
||
<collectionCode id="F2EAAE44FF91FFBC6B9A97B585852925" box="[425,509,1002,1025]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/p1gh-na36" name="Bombay Natural History Museum" pageId="7" pageNumber="332">BNHM</collectionCode>
|
||
1976.256),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53FB4D02FF91FFBC68B797B6876F2925" box="[644,791,1001,1025]" class="Gastropoda" family="Vermetidae" genus="Dendropoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="7" pageNumber="332" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A68FEA93FF91FFBC68B797B6876F2925" box="[644,791,1001,1025]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="332">Dendropoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
reef opposite Wadi Kabila, South Sinai, Gulf of Elat,
|
||
<date id="E0451041FF91FFBC6F4797B584AD2902" pageId="7" pageNumber="332">30th April</date>
|
||
, 1971, coll. Dr. M.N. Ben-Eliahu.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DCE1650AFF91FFB36AF4906E80D0284D" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="333" pageId="7" pageNumber="332" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="94443681FF91FFBC6AF4906E814D29DA" blockId="7.[151,1437,566,2034]" pageId="7" pageNumber="332">
|
||
<emphasis id="A68FEA93FF91FFBC6AF4906E8521296E" bold="true" box="[199,345,1073,1098]" pageId="7" pageNumber="332">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Live specimens
|
||
<quantity id="53039B64FF91FFBC6824906E86F1296D" box="[535,649,1073,1098]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="332" unit="mm" value="2.25" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="1.0">1–3.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="53039B64FF91FFBC68E2906D875F296D" box="[721,807,1074,1098]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="332" unit="mm" value="0.2">0.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide for up to 14 chaetigers; preserved specimens with shorter total length, up to
|
||
<quantity id="53039B64FF91FFBC6B8D900A866C2949" box="[446,532,1109,1134]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="332" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long.
|
||
<typeStatus id="4B408823FF91FFBC686E900A86BD294A" box="[605,709,1109,1134]" pageId="7" pageNumber="332" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
<quantity id="53039B64FF91FFBC68FE9009875C2949" box="[717,804,1110,1134]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="7" pageNumber="332" unit="mm" value="1.8">1.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="53039B64FF91FFBC695E900987BC2949" box="[877,964,1110,1134]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="332" unit="mm" value="0.2">0.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide for 12 chaetigers.
|
||
<typeStatus id="4B408823FF91FFBC6EE49009813C294A" box="[1239,1348,1110,1134]" pageId="7" pageNumber="332" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
up to
|
||
<quantity id="53039B64FF91FFBC6FBD900984BB29B5" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="332" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
long and 13 chaetigers. Body short to elongate, rounded in cross section; first three segments as long as wide, segments becoming 2–3 times longer than wide from chaetiger 4; body slightly tapering posteriorly to elongate pygidial segment (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0CC02A04FF91FFBC6B59909E85CC29FE" box="[362,436,1217,1242]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1207,1229]" captionTargetBox="[150,1431,182,1185]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[150,1436,175,1186]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 2. Ctenodrilus pacificus sp. nov. A, line drawing of a complete live specimen in lateral view; B, complete specimen in lateral-ventral view showing distribution of ventral cilia; C, multidentate hooks of a single individual. (abbreviations: es, esophagus; hb, heart body; int, intestine; mo, mouth; nep, nephridium; nuO, nuchal organ; per, peristomium; ph, pharynx; pr, prostomium; py, pygidium; st, stomach; vc, ventral cilia)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/271204/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="332">Figs 2</figureCitation>
|
||
A, 3A, 4A). Live specimens with black epidermal glands throughout the body (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0CC02A04FF91FFBC6F74909E81F529FE" box="[1351,1421,1217,1242]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1778,1800]" captionTargetBox="[155,1431,234,1748]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[150,1436,193,1757]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Ctenodrilus pacificus sp. nov. A, complete live specimen showing body pigmentation and digestive system; B, anterior end in lateral view showing everted pharynx and circulatory system; C, posterior end in lateral view showing pygidium with everted lobe; D, parapodium from mid-body region and inset showing multidentate hooks; E, posterior end segments showing small nucleated cells of unknown function. (abbreviations: dv, dorsal vessel; hb, heart body; int, intestine; ne, neuropodium; no, notopodium; nuO, nuchal organ; ph, pharynx; st, stomach; sv, segmental vessel; vv, ventral vessel)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/271205/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="332">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
), uniformly distributed, yellow pigments also observed but scarce; preserved specimens lack pigmentation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="94443681FF91FFBC6AF4915680D82A1A" blockId="7.[151,1437,566,2034]" pageId="7" pageNumber="332">
|
||
Prostomium short, broadly rounded with a pair of postero-lateral rounded nuchal organs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0CC02A04FF91FFBC6E9E915680882806" box="[1197,1264,1289,1314]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1591,1613]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,196,1566]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[150,1437,193,1570]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. SEM of Ctenodrilus pacificus sp. nov. A, complete specimen in lateral view; B, anterior end in lateral view; C, detail of nuchal organ; D, mid-body segment showing parapodial region; E, pygidium; F and G, multidentate hooks. (abbreviations: ch. 1, chaetiger 1; ne, neuropodium; no, notopodium; nuO, nuchal organ; per, peristomium; pr, prostomium; vc, ventral cilia)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/271206/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="332">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
A–C); eyespots absent; nuchal organs in live specimens visible as unpigmented area (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0CC02A04FF91FFBC69829172878C2862" box="[945,1012,1325,1350]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1778,1800]" captionTargetBox="[155,1431,234,1748]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[150,1436,193,1757]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Ctenodrilus pacificus sp. nov. A, complete live specimen showing body pigmentation and digestive system; B, anterior end in lateral view showing everted pharynx and circulatory system; C, posterior end in lateral view showing pygidium with everted lobe; D, parapodium from mid-body region and inset showing multidentate hooks; E, posterior end segments showing small nucleated cells of unknown function. (abbreviations: dv, dorsal vessel; hb, heart body; int, intestine; ne, neuropodium; no, notopodium; nuO, nuchal organ; ph, pharynx; st, stomach; sv, segmental vessel; vv, ventral vessel)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/271205/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="332">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
A, B). Nuchal organs rounded ciliary patches of about 25 µm diameter (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0CC02A04FF91FFBC6802910E8602284E" box="[561,634,1361,1386]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1591,1613]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,196,1566]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[150,1437,193,1570]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. SEM of Ctenodrilus pacificus sp. nov. A, complete specimen in lateral view; B, anterior end in lateral view; C, detail of nuchal organ; D, mid-body segment showing parapodial region; E, pygidium; F and G, multidentate hooks. (abbreviations: ch. 1, chaetiger 1; ne, neuropodium; no, notopodium; nuO, nuchal organ; per, peristomium; pr, prostomium; vc, ventral cilia)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/271206/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="332">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
C). Anterior region (prostomium, peristomium and chaetiger 1) with indistinct separation dorsally and ventrally in live specimens; clear segment demarcation between chaetigers 1 and 2. SEM shows clear lateral separation between prostomium and peristomium and between peristomium and chaetiger 1; peristomium as single achaetous segment with lateral sub-annulation/wrinkles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0CC02A04FF91FFBC6EF191E2817228F2" box="[1218,1290,1469,1494]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1591,1613]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,196,1566]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[150,1437,193,1570]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. SEM of Ctenodrilus pacificus sp. nov. A, complete specimen in lateral view; B, anterior end in lateral view; C, detail of nuchal organ; D, mid-body segment showing parapodial region; E, pygidium; F and G, multidentate hooks. (abbreviations: ch. 1, chaetiger 1; ne, neuropodium; no, notopodium; nuO, nuchal organ; per, peristomium; pr, prostomium; vc, ventral cilia)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/271206/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="332">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
B). Fields of short cilia present on ventral region from posterior end of peristomium to anterior end of chaetiger 3 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0CC02A04FF91FFBC6F0091BE810228DE" box="[1331,1402,1505,1530]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1207,1229]" captionTargetBox="[150,1431,182,1185]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[150,1436,175,1186]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 2. Ctenodrilus pacificus sp. nov. A, line drawing of a complete live specimen in lateral view; B, complete specimen in lateral-ventral view showing distribution of ventral cilia; C, multidentate hooks of a single individual. (abbreviations: es, esophagus; hb, heart body; int, intestine; mo, mouth; nep, nephridium; nuO, nuchal organ; per, peristomium; ph, pharynx; pr, prostomium; py, pygidium; st, stomach; vc, ventral cilia)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/271204/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="332">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
B); dorsal cilia present to end of chaetiger 2, cilia longer than ventral and as isolated tufts. Palps and branchiae absent. Digestive system starts with ventral and smooth muscular pharynx, lacking cilia; divided into three regions: esophagus narrow and continues to middle of chaetiger three with long cilia lining internal wall and no distinct coloration; straight and slightly inflated stomach region, reddish in color, cilia absent, stomach continues to end of chaetigers
|
||
<quantity id="53039B64FF91FFBC6B3C92CA852D2B8A" box="[271,341,1685,1710]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.778" metricValueMax="2.032" metricValueMin="1.524" pageId="7" pageNumber="332" unit="in" value="7.0" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="6.0">6–8 in</quantity>
|
||
individuals with 10–13 chaetigers; continuing with convoluted intestine region, ciliated, lighter in color than stomach and ending in dorsal anal aperture; cilia from intestine walls not extending beyond anal aperture (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0CC02A04FF91FFBC6AAC928284902BD2" box="[159,232,1757,1782]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1207,1229]" captionTargetBox="[150,1431,182,1185]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[150,1436,175,1186]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 2. Ctenodrilus pacificus sp. nov. A, line drawing of a complete live specimen in lateral view; B, complete specimen in lateral-ventral view showing distribution of ventral cilia; C, multidentate hooks of a single individual. (abbreviations: es, esophagus; hb, heart body; int, intestine; mo, mouth; nep, nephridium; nuO, nuchal organ; per, peristomium; ph, pharynx; pr, prostomium; py, pygidium; st, stomach; vc, ventral cilia)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/271204/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="332">Figs 2</figureCitation>
|
||
A, 3A, C). Circulatory system with dorsal and ventral vessels, dorsal vessel enlarged as heart body from chaetiger 1 to middle of chaetiger 3 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0CC02A04FF91FFBC6877935E86F52A3E" box="[580,653,1793,1818]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1207,1229]" captionTargetBox="[150,1431,182,1185]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[150,1436,175,1186]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 2. Ctenodrilus pacificus sp. nov. A, line drawing of a complete live specimen in lateral view; B, complete specimen in lateral-ventral view showing distribution of ventral cilia; C, multidentate hooks of a single individual. (abbreviations: es, esophagus; hb, heart body; int, intestine; mo, mouth; nep, nephridium; nuO, nuchal organ; per, peristomium; ph, pharynx; pr, prostomium; py, pygidium; st, stomach; vc, ventral cilia)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/271204/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="332">Figs 2</figureCitation>
|
||
A, 3B). A pair of nephridia as simple sacks present below muscular pharynx on peristomial segment, sometimes seen from anterior end of chaetiger 1 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0CC02A04FF91FFBC6E0A937A80042A1A" box="[1081,1148,1829,1854]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1207,1229]" captionTargetBox="[150,1431,182,1185]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[150,1436,175,1186]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 2. Ctenodrilus pacificus sp. nov. A, line drawing of a complete live specimen in lateral view; B, complete specimen in lateral-ventral view showing distribution of ventral cilia; C, multidentate hooks of a single individual. (abbreviations: es, esophagus; hb, heart body; int, intestine; mo, mouth; nep, nephridium; nuO, nuchal organ; per, peristomium; ph, pharynx; pr, prostomium; py, pygidium; st, stomach; vc, ventral cilia)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/271204/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="332">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
A).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="94443681FF91FFBC6AF4931680692AD6" blockId="7.[151,1437,566,2034]" pageId="7" pageNumber="332">
|
||
Chaetae all multidentate hooks with 3–5 teeth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0CC02A04FF91FFBC68D7931687552A46" box="[740,813,1865,1890]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1207,1229]" captionTargetBox="[150,1431,182,1185]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[150,1436,175,1186]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 2. Ctenodrilus pacificus sp. nov. A, line drawing of a complete live specimen in lateral view; B, complete specimen in lateral-ventral view showing distribution of ventral cilia; C, multidentate hooks of a single individual. (abbreviations: es, esophagus; hb, heart body; int, intestine; mo, mouth; nep, nephridium; nuO, nuchal organ; per, peristomium; ph, pharynx; pr, prostomium; py, pygidium; st, stomach; vc, ventral cilia)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/271204/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="332">Figs 2</figureCitation>
|
||
C, 3D, 4D, F, G); proximal tooth enlarged and pointed down while others smaller and straighter (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0CC02A04FF91FFBC685C933286C92AA2" box="[623,689,1901,1926]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1591,1613]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,196,1566]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[150,1437,193,1570]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. SEM of Ctenodrilus pacificus sp. nov. A, complete specimen in lateral view; B, anterior end in lateral view; C, detail of nuchal organ; D, mid-body segment showing parapodial region; E, pygidium; F and G, multidentate hooks. (abbreviations: ch. 1, chaetiger 1; ne, neuropodium; no, notopodium; nuO, nuchal organ; per, peristomium; pr, prostomium; vc, ventral cilia)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/271206/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="332">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
F, G). Number of hooks per segment increasing to chaetiger 6 then decreasing to posterior end; from 1–4 (rarely 5) hooks per noto- or neuropodium. Shape of hooks similar throughout, short, thick and slightly curved; number of teeth not related to position along body or within fascicle; hooks with lesser or greater number of teeth randomly present along parapodia.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="C0846609FF9EFFB36AA490E886A5280D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/271204/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="333" targetBox="[150,1431,182,1185]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="94443681FF9EFFB36AA490E886A5280D" blockId="8.[151,1436,1207,1321]" pageId="8" pageNumber="333">
|
||
<emphasis id="A68FEA93FF9EFFB36AA490E8856B29E8" bold="true" box="[151,275,1207,1229]" pageId="8" pageNumber="333">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53FB4D02FF9EFFB36B2990E8858C29E9" box="[282,500,1207,1229]" class="Polychaeta" family="Ctenodrilidae" genus="Ctenodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="8" pageNumber="333" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pacificus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A68FEA93FF9EFFB36B2990E8858C29E9" box="[282,500,1207,1229]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="333">Ctenodrilus pacificus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="A68FEA93FF9EFFB36BC990E8863329E8" bold="true" box="[506,587,1207,1228]" pageId="8" pageNumber="333">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="BDBC57E8FF9EFFB36BC990E8863329E8" box="[506,587,1207,1228]" pageId="8" pageNumber="333" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
A, line drawing of a complete live specimen in lateral view; B, complete specimen in lateral-ventral view showing distribution of ventral cilia; C, multidentate hooks of a single individual. (abbreviations: es, esophagus; hb, heart body; int, intestine; mo, mouth; nep, nephridium; nuO, nuchal organ; per, peristomium; ph, pharynx; pr, prostomium; py, pygidium; st, stomach; vc, ventral cilia).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="94443681FF9EFFB36AF4910F80D0284D" blockId="8.[151,1436,1360,2033]" box="[199,1192,1360,1385]" pageId="8" pageNumber="333">
|
||
Pygidium elongated segment with dorsal anal aperture; anal cilia not observed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0CC02A04FF9EFFB36E70910F80FF284D" box="[1091,1159,1360,1385]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1591,1613]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,196,1566]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[150,1437,193,1570]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. SEM of Ctenodrilus pacificus sp. nov. A, complete specimen in lateral view; B, anterior end in lateral view; C, detail of nuchal organ; D, mid-body segment showing parapodial region; E, pygidium; F and G, multidentate hooks. (abbreviations: ch. 1, chaetiger 1; ne, neuropodium; no, notopodium; nuO, nuchal organ; per, peristomium; pr, prostomium; vc, ventral cilia)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/271206/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="333">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
E).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DCE1650AFF9EFFB16AF4912B84822AB9" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="335" pageId="8" pageNumber="333" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="94443681FF9EFFB36AF4912B85B32A1A" blockId="8.[151,1436,1360,2033]" pageId="8" pageNumber="333">
|
||
<emphasis id="A68FEA93FF9EFFB36AF4912B854328A9" bold="true" box="[199,315,1396,1421]" pageId="8" pageNumber="333">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
See
|
||
<tableCitation id="D979033AFF9EFFB36B44912B85B528A9" box="[375,461,1396,1421]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="4.[119,198,639,660]" captionTargetBox="[119,1799,694,1522]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="TABLE 1. Relevant mοrphοlοgical and anatοmical features οf all valid species οf the genus Ctenodrilus." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C0846609FF92FFBF6A44962080372FB0" pageId="8" pageNumber="333" tableUuid="C0846609FF92FFBF6A44962080372FB0">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
and Discussion for comparison among species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53FB4D02FF9EFFB36E2A912A80E528A9" box="[1049,1181,1397,1421]" class="Polychaeta" family="Ctenodrilidae" genus="Ctenodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="8" pageNumber="333" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A68FEA93FF9EFFB36E2A912A80E528A9" box="[1049,1181,1397,1421]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="333">Ctenodrilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The number of teeth present in the hooks has been extensively used for species designation but is very variable. For instance, individuals of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53FB4D02FF9EFFB36B0E91E285C528F1" box="[317,445,1469,1493]" class="Polychaeta" family="Ctenodrilidae" genus="Ctenodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="8" pageNumber="333" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="serratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A68FEA93FF9EFFB36B0E91E285C528F1" box="[317,445,1469,1493]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="333">C. serratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Massachusetts presented up to 5 teeth of similar shape and size (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0CC02A04FF9EFFB36EC191E2814B28F1" box="[1266,1331,1469,1494]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1907,1929]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,304,1885]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[157,1430,301,1885]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Ctenodrilus serratus. A and B, complete specimens in lateral view from Massachusetts, USA (USNM 51480); C, complete specimen in lateral view showing multidentate hooks from Bahamas (USNM 1044811); D and E, complete specimens in dorso-lateral view from Belize (USNM 321390), D, showing five buds. (abbreviations: es, esophagus; hb, heart body; int, intestine; nep, nephridium; ph, pharynx; st, stomach)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/271203/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="333">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A) while material from the Caribbean had a larger proximal tooth and up to three distal teeth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0CC02A04FF9EFFB36E7A91BF80F128DD" box="[1097,1161,1504,1529]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1907,1929]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,304,1885]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[157,1430,301,1885]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Ctenodrilus serratus. A and B, complete specimens in lateral view from Massachusetts, USA (USNM 51480); C, complete specimen in lateral view showing multidentate hooks from Bahamas (USNM 1044811); D and E, complete specimens in dorso-lateral view from Belize (USNM 321390), D, showing five buds. (abbreviations: es, esophagus; hb, heart body; int, intestine; nep, nephridium; ph, pharynx; st, stomach)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/271203/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="333">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
C).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53FB4D02FF9EFFB36E8691BE814328DD" box="[1205,1339,1505,1529]" class="Polychaeta" family="Ctenodrilidae" genus="Ctenodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="8" pageNumber="333" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pacificus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A68FEA93FF9EFFB36E8691BE814328DD" box="[1205,1339,1505,1529]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="333">C. pacificus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="A68FEA93FF9EFFB36F7191BF81E428DD" bold="true" box="[1346,1436,1504,1529]" pageId="8" pageNumber="333">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="BDBC57E8FF9EFFB36F7191BF81E428DD" box="[1346,1436,1504,1529]" pageId="8" pageNumber="333" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
possesses hooks with proximal tooth enlarged and pointed down and up to 4 distal teeth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0CC02A04FF9EFFB36EB9925A80A12B39" box="[1162,1241,1541,1566]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1207,1229]" captionTargetBox="[150,1431,182,1185]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[150,1436,175,1186]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 2. Ctenodrilus pacificus sp. nov. A, line drawing of a complete live specimen in lateral view; B, complete specimen in lateral-ventral view showing distribution of ventral cilia; C, multidentate hooks of a single individual. (abbreviations: es, esophagus; hb, heart body; int, intestine; mo, mouth; nep, nephridium; nuO, nuchal organ; per, peristomium; ph, pharynx; pr, prostomium; py, pygidium; st, stomach; vc, ventral cilia)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/271204/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="333">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
C, 3D, 4D, F, G). The number of hooks per segment and distribution along the body was different in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53FB4D02FF9EFFB36E7B927681412B65" box="[1096,1337,1577,1601]" class="Polychaeta" family="Ctenodrilidae" genus="Ctenodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="8" pageNumber="333" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pacificus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A68FEA93FF9EFFB36E7B927681412B65" box="[1096,1337,1577,1601]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="333">Ctenodrilus pacificus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="A68FEA93FF9EFFB36F72927781E42B65" bold="true" box="[1345,1436,1576,1601]" pageId="8" pageNumber="333">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="BDBC57E8FF9EFFB36F72927781E42B65" box="[1345,1436,1576,1601]" pageId="8" pageNumber="333" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53FB4D02FF9EFFB36AC1921285A22B41" box="[242,474,1613,1637]" class="Polychaeta" family="Ctenodrilidae" genus="Ctenodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="8" pageNumber="333" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="serratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A68FEA93FF9EFFB36AC1921285A22B41" box="[242,474,1613,1637]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="333">Ctenodrilus serratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
material examined from the North Atlantic Ocean. In the 20 examined specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53FB4D02FF9EFFB36AA4922E85F02BAD" box="[151,392,1649,1673]" class="Polychaeta" family="Ctenodrilidae" genus="Ctenodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="8" pageNumber="333" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pacificus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A68FEA93FF9EFFB36AA4922E85F02BAD" box="[151,392,1649,1673]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="333">Ctenodrilus pacificus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="A68FEA93FF9EFFB36BA3922F85922BAD" bold="true" box="[400,490,1648,1673]" pageId="8" pageNumber="333">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="BDBC57E8FF9EFFB36BA3922F85922BAD" box="[400,490,1648,1673]" pageId="8" pageNumber="333" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, the number of hooks per noto- and neuropodia increases from chaetiger 1 to 6 and then decreases to the end of the body (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0CC02A04FF9EFFB3686A92CA86E62B8A" box="[601,670,1685,1710]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1037,1059]" captionTargetBox="[154,1431,198,1012]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1435,193,1016]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 5. Average number, maximum number per fascicle and distribution of multidentate hooks along the body of Ctenodrilus pacificus sp. nov. (A and B, N = 20 individuals) and Ctenodrilus serratus from the North Atlantic (C and D, N = 11 ind.). A, notopodia of Ctenodrilus pacificus sp. nov.; B, neuropodia of Ctenodrilus pacificus sp. nov.; C, notopodia of Ctenodrilus serratus; D, neuropodia of Ctenodrilus serratus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/271207/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="333">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
A, B). In eleven individuals of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53FB4D02FF9EFFB36E3A92CA808B2B89" box="[1033,1267,1685,1709]" class="Polychaeta" family="Ctenodrilidae" genus="Ctenodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="8" pageNumber="333" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="serratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A68FEA93FF9EFFB36E3A92CA808B2B89" box="[1033,1267,1685,1709]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="333">Ctenodrilus serratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
examined, the greatest number of hooks is present in earlier segments (chaetiger 3 or 4) and then decrease to the end of the body (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0CC02A04FF9EFFB36AAC9282849A2BD2" box="[159,226,1757,1782]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1037,1059]" captionTargetBox="[154,1431,198,1012]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1435,193,1016]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 5. Average number, maximum number per fascicle and distribution of multidentate hooks along the body of Ctenodrilus pacificus sp. nov. (A and B, N = 20 individuals) and Ctenodrilus serratus from the North Atlantic (C and D, N = 11 ind.). A, notopodia of Ctenodrilus pacificus sp. nov.; B, neuropodia of Ctenodrilus pacificus sp. nov.; C, notopodia of Ctenodrilus serratus; D, neuropodia of Ctenodrilus serratus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/271207/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="333">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
C, D). In both cases, average values were used and the same observation held true for individuals with 5–14 body segments. This needs to be further investigated with a greater number of specimens to evaluate if this character is size dependent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="94443681FF9EFFB36AF4931785902AD5" blockId="8.[151,1436,1360,2033]" pageId="8" pageNumber="333">
|
||
The distribution of ventral cilia in the anterior end of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53FB4D02FF9EFFB3692E931680752A45" box="[797,1037,1865,1889]" class="Polychaeta" family="Ctenodrilidae" genus="Ctenodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="8" pageNumber="333" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pacificus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A68FEA93FF9EFFB3692E931680752A45" box="[797,1037,1865,1889]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="333">Ctenodrilus pacificus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="A68FEA93FF9EFFB36E27931780162A45" bold="true" box="[1044,1134,1864,1889]" pageId="8" pageNumber="333">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="BDBC57E8FF9EFFB36E27931780162A45" box="[1044,1134,1864,1889]" pageId="8" pageNumber="333" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
seems to be different from all other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53FB4D02FF9EFFB36AC8933285072AA1" box="[251,383,1901,1925]" class="Polychaeta" family="Ctenodrilidae" genus="Ctenodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="8" pageNumber="333" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A68FEA93FF9EFFB36AC8933285072AA1" box="[251,383,1901,1925]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="333">Ctenodrilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, if the illustrations provided are accurate. Cilia on ventral surface of anterior region is present until end of chaetiger
|
||
<quantity id="53039B64FF9EFFB36BD193CE86752A8D" box="[482,525,1936,1961]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="8" pageNumber="333" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53FB4D02FF9EFFB3682093CE86F72A8C" box="[531,655,1937,1960]" class="Polychaeta" family="Ctenodrilidae" genus="Ctenodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="8" pageNumber="333" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="serratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A68FEA93FF9EFFB3682093CE86F72A8C" box="[531,655,1937,1960]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="333">C. serratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<figureCitation id="0CC02A04FF9EFFB368FA93CF87722A8D" box="[713,778,1936,1961]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1907,1929]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,304,1885]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[157,1430,301,1885]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Ctenodrilus serratus. A and B, complete specimens in lateral view from Massachusetts, USA (USNM 51480); C, complete specimen in lateral view showing multidentate hooks from Bahamas (USNM 1044811); D and E, complete specimens in dorso-lateral view from Belize (USNM 321390), D, showing five buds. (abbreviations: es, esophagus; hb, heart body; int, intestine; nep, nephridium; ph, pharynx; st, stomach)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/271203/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="333">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<quantity id="53039B64FF9EFFB368CF93CE87722A8D" box="[764,778,1937,1961]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="8" pageNumber="333" unit="in" value="1.0">1</quantity>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F06A4B70FF9EFFB3691E93CF87C72A8D" author="Wilfert" box="[813,959,1936,1961]" pageId="8" pageNumber="333" refString="Wilfert, M. (1973) Ein Beitrag zur Morphologie, Biologie und systematischen Stellung des Polychaeten Ctenodrilus serratus. Helgolander wiss Meeresunters, 25, 332 - 346. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 01611202" type="journal article" year="1973">Wilfert 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53FB4D02FF9EFFB369E193CE80F02A8D" box="[978,1160,1937,1961]" class="Polychaeta" family="Ctenodrilidae" genus="Ctenodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="8" pageNumber="333" phylum="Annelida" rank="subSpecies" species="serratus" subSpecies="limulicolus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A68FEA93FF9EFFB369E193CE80F02A8D" box="[978,1160,1937,1961]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="333">C. s. limulicolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see Fig. 14a in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F06A4B70FF9EFFB36F7393CF85102AE9" author="Sudzuki" pageId="8" pageNumber="333" refString="Sudzuki, M. & Sekiguchi, K. (1972) Some remarks on five aberrant annelids from the culture water of Japanese horse-shoe crabs. The Science Reports of the Tokvo Kvoiku Daigaku Section B, 15, 39 - 56." type="journal article" year="1972">Sudzuki & Sekiguchi 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53FB4D02FF9EFFB36B9F93EA86492AE9" box="[428,561,1973,1997]" class="Polychaeta" family="Ctenodrilidae" genus="Ctenodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="8" pageNumber="333" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="parvulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A68FEA93FF9EFFB36B9F93EA86492AE9" box="[428,561,1973,1997]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="333">C. parvulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<figureCitation id="0CC02A04FF9EFFB3684293EA86CC2AE9" box="[625,692,1973,1998]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1907,1929]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,304,1885]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[157,1430,301,1885]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Ctenodrilus serratus. A and B, complete specimens in lateral view from Massachusetts, USA (USNM 51480); C, complete specimen in lateral view showing multidentate hooks from Bahamas (USNM 1044811); D and E, complete specimens in dorso-lateral view from Belize (USNM 321390), D, showing five buds. (abbreviations: es, esophagus; hb, heart body; int, intestine; nep, nephridium; ph, pharynx; st, stomach)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/271203/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="333">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<quantity id="53039B64FF9EFFB3689593EA86CC2AE9" box="[678,692,1973,1997]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="8" pageNumber="333" unit="in" value="1.0">1</quantity>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F06A4B70FF9EFFB368EE93EA87092AE9" author="Scharff" box="[733,881,1973,1998]" pageId="8" pageNumber="333" refString="Scharff, R. (1887) On Ctenodrilus parvulus n. sp. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, 27, 591 - 604." type="journal article" year="1887">Scharff 1887</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and extending to anterior end of chaetiger
|
||
<quantity id="53039B64FF9EFFB36F5C93EA81E42AEA" box="[1391,1436,1973,1998]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="8" pageNumber="333" unit="in" value="3.0">3 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53FB4D02FF9EFFB36AA4938685FF2AD5" box="[151,391,2009,2033]" class="Polychaeta" family="Ctenodrilidae" genus="Ctenodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="8" pageNumber="333" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pacificus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A68FEA93FF9EFFB36AA4938685FF2AD5" box="[151,391,2009,2033]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="333">Ctenodrilus pacificus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="A68FEA93FF9EFFB36BBD938785902AD5" bold="true" box="[398,488,2008,2033]" pageId="8" pageNumber="333">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="BDBC57E8FF9EFFB36BBD938785902AD5" box="[398,488,2008,2033]" pageId="8" pageNumber="333" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="C0846609FF9FFFB26AA492AD81472AA6" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/271205/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="334" targetBox="[155,1431,234,1748]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="94443681FF9FFFB26AA492AD81472AA6" blockId="9.[151,1436,1778,1922]" pageId="9" pageNumber="334">
|
||
<emphasis id="A68FEA93FF9FFFB26AA492AD856C2A23" bold="true" box="[151,276,1778,1800]" pageId="9" pageNumber="334">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53FB4D02FF9FFFB26B2E92AD85812A2C" box="[285,505,1778,1800]" class="Polychaeta" family="Ctenodrilidae" genus="Ctenodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="9" pageNumber="334" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pacificus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A68FEA93FF9FFFB26B2E92AD85812A2C" box="[285,505,1778,1800]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="334">Ctenodrilus pacificus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="A68FEA93FF9FFFB2683392AD862B2A23" bold="true" box="[512,595,1778,1799]" pageId="9" pageNumber="334">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="BDBC57E8FF9FFFB2683392AD862B2A23" box="[512,595,1778,1799]" pageId="9" pageNumber="334" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
A, complete live specimen showing body pigmentation and digestive system; B, anterior end in lateral view showing everted pharynx and circulatory system; C, posterior end in lateral view showing pygidium with everted lobe; D, parapodium from mid-body region and inset showing multidentate hooks; E, posterior end segments showing small nucleated cells of unknown function. (abbreviations: dv, dorsal vessel; hb, heart body; int, intestine; ne, neuropodium; no, notopodium; nuO, nuchal organ; ph, pharynx; st, stomach; sv, segmental vessel; vv, ventral vessel).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="C0846609FF9CFFB16AA4926885672B8D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/271206/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="335" targetBox="[154,1434,196,1566]" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="94443681FF9CFFB16AA4926885672B8D" blockId="10.[151,1437,1591,1705]" pageId="10" pageNumber="335">
|
||
<emphasis id="A68FEA93FF9CFFB16AA49268856C2B68" bold="true" box="[151,276,1591,1613]" pageId="10" pageNumber="335">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
SEM of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53FB4D02FF9CFFB16B47926886282B69" box="[372,592,1591,1613]" class="Polychaeta" family="Ctenodrilidae" genus="Ctenodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="335" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pacificus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A68FEA93FF9CFFB16B47926886282B69" box="[372,592,1591,1613]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="335">Ctenodrilus pacificus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="A68FEA93FF9CFFB16864926786D12B69" bold="true" box="[599,681,1592,1613]" pageId="10" pageNumber="335">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="BDBC57E8FF9CFFB16864926786D12B69" box="[599,681,1592,1613]" pageId="10" pageNumber="335" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
A, complete specimen in lateral view; B, anterior end in lateral view; C, detail of nuchal organ; D, mid-body segment showing parapodial region; E, pygidium; F and G, multidentate hooks. (abbreviations: ch. 1, chaetiger 1; ne, neuropodium; no, notopodium; nuO, nuchal organ; per, peristomium; pr, prostomium; vc, ventral cilia).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="94443681FF9CFFB16AF4928E84822AB9" blockId="10.[151,1437,1745,2022]" pageId="10" pageNumber="335">
|
||
One
|
||
<typeStatus id="4B408823FF9CFFB16ACF928D85242BCE" box="[252,348,1746,1770]" pageId="10" pageNumber="335" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53FB4D02FF9CFFB16BB2928E86D12BCD" box="[385,681,1745,1769]" class="Polychaeta" family="Ctenodrilidae" genus="Ctenodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="335" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="paucidentatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A68FEA93FF9CFFB16BB2928E86D12BCD" box="[385,681,1745,1769]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="335">Ctenodrilus paucidentatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was examined. Ben-Eliahu (1976) described this species as distinct from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53FB4D02FF9CFFB16AE692AA852B2A29" box="[213,339,1781,1805]" class="Polychaeta" family="Ctenodrilidae" genus="Ctenodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="335" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="serratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A68FEA93FF9CFFB16AE692AA852B2A29" box="[213,339,1781,1805]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="335">C. serratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on the shape of the multidentate hooks with fewer teeth. The hooks in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="4B408823FF9CFFB16EC192A9812A2A2A" box="[1266,1362,1782,1806]" pageId="10" pageNumber="335" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
are as described and illustrated (Ben-Eliahu 1976;
|
||
<figureCitation id="0CC02A04FF9CFFB168B8934686B62A15" box="[651,718,1817,1842]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1591,1613]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,196,1566]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[150,1437,193,1570]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. SEM of Ctenodrilus pacificus sp. nov. A, complete specimen in lateral view; B, anterior end in lateral view; C, detail of nuchal organ; D, mid-body segment showing parapodial region; E, pygidium; F and G, multidentate hooks. (abbreviations: ch. 1, chaetiger 1; ne, neuropodium; no, notopodium; nuO, nuchal organ; per, peristomium; pr, prostomium; vc, ventral cilia)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/271206/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="335">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
) with a larger basal tooth and up to four smaller superior teeth. The validity of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53FB4D02FF9CFFB16B66936286602A71" box="[341,536,1853,1877]" class="Polychaeta" family="Ctenodrilidae" genus="Ctenodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="335" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="paucidentatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A68FEA93FF9CFFB16B66936286602A71" box="[341,536,1853,1877]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="335">C. paucidentatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is questionable because it has been shown that the number of teeth in the multidentate hooks is very variable even within an individual and the
|
||
<typeStatus id="4B408823FF9CFFB1699E933D80752A5E" box="[941,1037,1890,1914]" pageId="10" pageNumber="335" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
most likely belongs to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53FB4D02FF9CFFB16F2B933E848B2AB9" class="Polychaeta" family="Ctenodrilidae" genus="Ctenodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="335" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="serratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A68FEA93FF9CFFB16F2B933E848B2AB9" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="335">Ctenodrilus serratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DCE1650AFF9CFFB16AF493F686782AC1" pageId="10" pageNumber="335" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="94443681FF9CFFB16AF493F686782AC1" blockId="10.[151,1437,1745,2022]" pageId="10" pageNumber="335">
|
||
<emphasis id="A68FEA93FF9CFFB16AF493F685362AE6" bold="true" box="[199,334,1961,1986]" pageId="10" pageNumber="335">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The species name comes from the Latin
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53FB4D02FF9CFFB1691593F687F32AE5" box="[806,907,1961,1985]" class="Polychaeta" family="Ctenodrilidae" genus="Ctenodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="335" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pacificus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A68FEA93FF9CFFB1691593F687F32AE5" box="[806,907,1961,1985]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="335">pacificus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, proposed by the occurrence of this species in the middle of the Pacific Ocean.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="C0846609FF9DFFB06AA49052868629A4" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/271207/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="336" targetBox="[154,1431,198,1012]" targetPageId="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="94443681FF9DFFB06AA49052868629A4" blockId="11.[151,1436,1037,1152]" pageId="11" pageNumber="336">
|
||
<emphasis id="A68FEA93FF9DFFB06AA4905285602907" bold="true" box="[151,280,1037,1059]" pageId="11" pageNumber="336">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Average number, maximum number per fascicle and distribution of multidentate hooks along the body of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53FB4D02FF9DFFB06AA4907385092966" box="[151,369,1068,1090]" class="Polychaeta" family="Ctenodrilidae" genus="Ctenodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="11" pageNumber="336" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pacificus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A68FEA93FF9DFFB06AA4907385092966" box="[151,369,1068,1090]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="336">Ctenodrilus pacificus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="A68FEA93FF9DFFB06B44907285B02966" bold="true" box="[375,456,1069,1090]" pageId="11" pageNumber="336">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="BDBC57E8FF9DFFB06B44907285B02966" box="[375,456,1069,1090]" pageId="11" pageNumber="336" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(A and B, N=20 individuals) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53FB4D02FF9DFFB06914907387802966" box="[807,1016,1068,1090]" class="Polychaeta" family="Ctenodrilidae" genus="Ctenodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="11" pageNumber="336" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="serratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A68FEA93FF9DFFB06914907387802966" box="[807,1016,1068,1090]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="336">Ctenodrilus serratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the North Atlantic (C and D, N=11 ind.). A, notopodia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53FB4D02FF9DFFB06BBE901486142945" box="[397,620,1099,1121]" class="Polychaeta" family="Ctenodrilidae" genus="Ctenodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="11" pageNumber="336" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pacificus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A68FEA93FF9DFFB06BBE901486142945" box="[397,620,1099,1121]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="336">Ctenodrilus pacificus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="A68FEA93FF9DFFB06844901486B42944" bold="true" box="[631,716,1099,1120]" pageId="11" pageNumber="336">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="BDBC57E8FF9DFFB06844901486B42944" box="[631,716,1099,1120]" pageId="11" pageNumber="336" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
; B, neuropodia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53FB4D02FF9DFFB06992901480072945" box="[929,1151,1099,1121]" class="Polychaeta" family="Ctenodrilidae" genus="Ctenodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="11" pageNumber="336" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pacificus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A68FEA93FF9DFFB06992901480072945" box="[929,1151,1099,1121]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="336">Ctenodrilus pacificus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="A68FEA93FF9DFFB06EB8901480982944" bold="true" box="[1163,1248,1099,1120]" pageId="11" pageNumber="336">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="BDBC57E8FF9DFFB06EB8901480982944" box="[1163,1248,1099,1120]" pageId="11" pageNumber="336" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
; C, notopodia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53FB4D02FF9DFFB06AA49035851029A4" box="[151,360,1130,1152]" class="Polychaeta" family="Ctenodrilidae" genus="Ctenodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="11" pageNumber="336" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="serratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A68FEA93FF9DFFB06AA49035851029A4" box="[151,360,1130,1152]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="336">Ctenodrilus serratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; D, neuropodia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53FB4D02FF9DFFB068149035868029A4" box="[551,760,1130,1152]" class="Polychaeta" family="Ctenodrilidae" genus="Ctenodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="11" pageNumber="336" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="serratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A68FEA93FF9DFFB068149035868029A4" box="[551,760,1130,1152]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="336">Ctenodrilus serratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="94443681FF9DFFB06AF490F380AF29E1" blockId="11.[151,1437,1196,2013]" box="[199,1239,1196,1221]" pageId="11" pageNumber="336">
|
||
<emphasis id="A68FEA93FF9DFFB06AF490F3851829E1" bold="true" box="[199,352,1196,1221]" pageId="11" pageNumber="336">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
This species has been collected in the north and south shores of Oahu, Hawaii.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="94443681FF9DFFB06AF4908F85CF2B75" blockId="11.[151,1437,1196,2013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="336">
|
||
<emphasis id="A68FEA93FF9DFFB06AF4908F85AE29CD" bold="true" box="[199,470,1232,1257]" pageId="11" pageNumber="336">Asexual reproduction.</emphasis>
|
||
Several polychaete species can regenerate both anterior and posterior ends from fragments but few species present an organized fragmentation and regeneration pattern and use it as a normal feature of the life cycle (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F06A4B70FF9DFFB06B85914786442815" author="Clark" box="[438,572,1304,1329]" pageId="11" pageNumber="336" refString="Clark, R. B. (1977) Reproduction, speciation and polychaete taxonomy. In: D. J. Reish & K. Fauchald, (Eds.). Essays on polychaetous annelids in memory of Dr. Olga Hartman. Allan Hancock Foundation, Los Angeles, California, p p. 477 - 501." type="book chapter" year="1977">Clark 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Asexual reproduction has been described for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53FB4D02FF9DFFB06E6E9147813F2814" box="[1117,1351,1304,1328]" class="Polychaeta" family="Ctenodrilidae" genus="Ctenodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="11" pageNumber="336" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="serratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A68FEA93FF9DFFB06E6E9147813F2814" box="[1117,1351,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="336">Ctenodrilus serratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53FB4D02FF9DFFB06FB1914684812871" class="Polychaeta" family="Ctenodrilidae" genus="Ctenodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="11" pageNumber="336" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="parvulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A68FEA93FF9DFFB06FB1914684812871" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="336">C. parvulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F06A4B70FF9DFFB06B39916385DB2871" author="Scharff" box="[266,419,1340,1365]" pageId="11" pageNumber="336" refString="Scharff, R. (1887) On Ctenodrilus parvulus n. sp. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, 27, 591 - 604." type="journal article" year="1887">Scharff 1887</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F06A4B70FF9DFFB06B809163862E2871" author="Schmidt" box="[435,598,1340,1365]" pageId="11" pageNumber="336" refString="Schmidt, O. (1857) Zur Kenntnis der Turbellaria, Rhabdocoela und einiger anderer Wuermer des Mittelmeeres. Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserliche Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse, 23 (2), 347 - 366, pls. 1 - 5." type="journal article" year="1857">Schmidt 1857</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The process has been demonstrated to start with the formation of new prostomia along the body usually producing between 3–5 stolons but
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F06A4B70FF9DFFB0698C913F801D285D" author="Kennel" box="[959,1125,1376,1401]" pageId="11" pageNumber="336" refString="Kennel, J. (1882) Uber Ctenodrilus pardalis Clap. Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Anatomie und Knospung der Anneliden. Mit 1 Taf. Arbeiten aus dem zoolog-zootom. Institut in Wurzburg, V, 273 - 429." type="journal article" year="1882">Kennel (1882)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
has reported up to nine of them.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F06A4B70FF9DFFB06AD191DB867B28B9" author="Gelder" box="[226,515,1412,1437]" pageId="11" pageNumber="336" refString="Gelder, S. R. & Palmer, R. (1976) The nervous system of the marine polychaete Ctenodrilus serratus and its importance in the taxonomic position of the Ctenodrilidae. Transactions of the American Microscopial Society, 95 (2), 156 - 164. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 3225058" type="journal article" year="1976">Gelder & Palmer (1976)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
investigated the nervous system during paratomic fission of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53FB4D02FF9DFFB06EEF91DA812528B8" box="[1244,1373,1413,1436]" class="Polychaeta" family="Ctenodrilidae" genus="Ctenodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="11" pageNumber="336" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="serratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A68FEA93FF9DFFB06EEF91DA812528B8" box="[1244,1373,1413,1436]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="336">C. serratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The prostomium of the still developing stolon individuals already presents the neuropile and circumesophageal connectives but the ventral nerve cords remain intact passing through the zone of fission and under the developing muscular proboscis. The authors showed that the recently detached stolons had already developed a central nervous system but no clear organization of the stomodeal innervation or circumanal loop. The digestive system also develops after separation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="94443681FF9DFFB06AF49203801D2A55" blockId="11.[151,1437,1196,2013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="336">
|
||
Five individuals showing well-demarked stolons were placed in separated containers and observed daily for a total of 37 days. All five trials started off with stock individuals showing five developing prostomia. Before the prostomia of the newly developing stolons start to appear, inter-segmental areas become clear of dark-pigmented oil cells making the segments appear well-separated (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0CC02A04FF9DFFB068CB929787442BC5" box="[760,828,1736,1761]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1683,1705]" captionTargetBox="[156,1429,631,1655]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,625,1662]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 6. Asexual reproduction in Ctenodrilus pacificus sp. nov. A, complete live specimens, upper individual showing well demarked segments, bottom individual showing development of prostomia and inset showing a stolon with prostomium and pygidium; B, a recently separated individual with stomach not connected anteriorly or posteriorly; C, completely developed individual with mouth and newly formed body segments. (abbreviations: mo, mouth; pr, prostomium; py, pygidium)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/271208/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="336">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
A). A clear round region is also present and indicates the position of the pygidium (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0CC02A04FF9DFFB06BD192B3865C2A21" box="[482,548,1772,1797]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1683,1705]" captionTargetBox="[156,1429,631,1655]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,625,1662]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 6. Asexual reproduction in Ctenodrilus pacificus sp. nov. A, complete live specimens, upper individual showing well demarked segments, bottom individual showing development of prostomia and inset showing a stolon with prostomium and pygidium; B, a recently separated individual with stomach not connected anteriorly or posteriorly; C, completely developed individual with mouth and newly formed body segments. (abbreviations: mo, mouth; pr, prostomium; py, pygidium)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/271208/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="336">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
A). Round cells were observed in several stock individuals at this stage, usually concentrated in the posterior end segments (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0CC02A04FF9DFFB068BA934F86B52A0D" box="[649,717,1808,1833]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1207,1229]" captionTargetBox="[150,1431,182,1185]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[150,1436,175,1186]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 2. Ctenodrilus pacificus sp. nov. A, line drawing of a complete live specimen in lateral view; B, complete specimen in lateral-ventral view showing distribution of ventral cilia; C, multidentate hooks of a single individual. (abbreviations: es, esophagus; hb, heart body; int, intestine; mo, mouth; nep, nephridium; nuO, nuchal organ; per, peristomium; ph, pharynx; pr, prostomium; py, pygidium; st, stomach; vc, ventral cilia)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/271204/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="336">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
E).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F06A4B70FF9DFFB068C6934F87D22A0D" author="Zeppelin" box="[757,938,1808,1833]" pageId="11" pageNumber="336" refString="Zeppelin, G. M. (1883) Uber den Bau und die Teilungsvorgange in Ctenodrilus monostylus n. sp. Zeitschrift fur wiss. Zoologie, 39, 615 - 652." type="journal article" year="1883">Zeppelin (1883)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F06A4B70FF9DFFB069D0934F80E32A0D" author="Galvagni" box="[995,1179,1808,1833]" pageId="11" pageNumber="336" refString="Galvagni, E. (1905) Histologie des genus Ctenodrilus Clap. Arbeiten aus den Zoologischen Instituten der Universitat Wien und der Zoologischen Station in Triest, 15, 47 - 80." type="journal article" year="1905">Galvagni (1905)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
agreed that these cells may serve as storage for the stolons that are still unable to feed; however, these cells were not present in the developing stolons but on the posterior end fragment, casting doubt on this conclusion.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="94443681FF9DFFB76AF4932386A12C41" blockId="11.[151,1437,1196,2013]" lastBlockId="12.[151,1437,151,573]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="337" pageId="11" pageNumber="336">
|
||
The developing stolons with clearly formed prostomia appear 24 hours later, but all lack nuchal organs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0CC02A04FF9DFFB06F5C932384DE2A9D" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1683,1705]" captionTargetBox="[156,1429,631,1655]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,625,1662]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 6. Asexual reproduction in Ctenodrilus pacificus sp. nov. A, complete live specimens, upper individual showing well demarked segments, bottom individual showing development of prostomia and inset showing a stolon with prostomium and pygidium; B, a recently separated individual with stomach not connected anteriorly or posteriorly; C, completely developed individual with mouth and newly formed body segments. (abbreviations: mo, mouth; pr, prostomium; py, pygidium)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/271208/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="336">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
A). The stolon individuals do not add new segments but the segment in which they are placed is now more elongated. Following this lengthening, the inter-segmental region and the digestive tract start to narrow. In less than 48 hours it is possible to see newly separated stolons with one long segment without mouth and gut disconnected from both anterior and posterior ends (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0CC02A04FF9AFFB7687594E386F12DF1" box="[582,649,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1683,1705]" captionTargetBox="[156,1429,631,1655]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,625,1662]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 6. Asexual reproduction in Ctenodrilus pacificus sp. nov. A, complete live specimens, upper individual showing well demarked segments, bottom individual showing development of prostomia and inset showing a stolon with prostomium and pygidium; B, a recently separated individual with stomach not connected anteriorly or posteriorly; C, completely developed individual with mouth and newly formed body segments. (abbreviations: mo, mouth; pr, prostomium; py, pygidium)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/271208/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="337">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
B). This is in agreement with observations by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F06A4B70FF9AFFB76EB894E381562DF0" author="Scharff" box="[1163,1326,188,213]" pageId="12" pageNumber="337" refString="Scharff, R. (1887) On Ctenodrilus parvulus n. sp. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, 27, 591 - 604." type="journal article" year="1887">Scharff (1887)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
that from formation of new prostomia to separation of stolons takes up to 48 hours. Nuchal organs, heart body and nephridia are not fully developed at this stage. A group of cells is visible where the nuchal organs are expected to be and the region is now clear of pigment. Completely developed individuals with newly added segments are seen in less than 60 hours after the appearance of the buds (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0CC02A04FF9AFFB76840951386CE2C41" box="[627,694,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1683,1705]" captionTargetBox="[156,1429,631,1655]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,625,1662]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 6. Asexual reproduction in Ctenodrilus pacificus sp. nov. A, complete live specimens, upper individual showing well demarked segments, bottom individual showing development of prostomia and inset showing a stolon with prostomium and pygidium; B, a recently separated individual with stomach not connected anteriorly or posteriorly; C, completely developed individual with mouth and newly formed body segments. (abbreviations: mo, mouth; pr, prostomium; py, pygidium)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/271208/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="337">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
C).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="94443681FF9AFFB76AF4953085672F19" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,573]" pageId="12" pageNumber="337">
|
||
There were 28 clone individuals in three out of the five cultures, after 37 days (see
|
||
<figureCitation id="0CC02A04FF9AFFB76E49953080C62CAC" box="[1146,1214,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1428,1450]" captionTargetBox="[307,1279,835,1405]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[304,1283,830,1407]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. Cultures of Ctenodrilus pacificus sp. nov. showing number of individuals produced by five cultures (cultures 1 – 3 showing very similar patterns therefore only one is shown) in 37 days." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/271209/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="337">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
). Culture 5 crashed and all individuals died after 22 days. The anterior end of the recently divided organisms produces new individuals within less than 13 days. There was no control on the number of clones that were already producing new stolons. The number of clones produced per individual was not constant in each successive cloning event.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F06A4B70FF9AFFB76F3B958381E42CD0" author="Reish" box="[1288,1436,476,501]" pageId="12" pageNumber="337" refString="Reish, D. J. (1980) The effect of different pollutants on ecologically important polychaete worms. United States Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, EPA 600 / 3 - 80 - 053." type="journal article" year="1980">Reish (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported that a complete life cycle of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53FB4D02FF9AFFB7680A965F87582F3C" box="[569,800,512,536]" class="Polychaeta" family="Ctenodrilidae" genus="Ctenodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="12" pageNumber="337" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="serratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A68FEA93FF9AFFB7680A965F87582F3C" box="[569,800,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="337">Ctenodrilus serratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
collected from Los Angeles Harbor takes approximately 14–21 days.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="C0846609FF9AFFB76AA492CC814F2A21" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/271208/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="337" targetBox="[156,1429,631,1655]" targetPageId="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="94443681FF9AFFB76AA492CC814F2A21" blockId="12.[151,1436,1683,1797]" pageId="12" pageNumber="337">
|
||
<emphasis id="A68FEA93FF9AFFB76AA492CC856A2B8C" bold="true" box="[151,274,1683,1705]" pageId="12" pageNumber="337">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Asexual reproduction in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53FB4D02FF9AFFB7682292CC86932B8D" box="[529,747,1683,1705]" class="Polychaeta" family="Ctenodrilidae" genus="Ctenodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="12" pageNumber="337" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pacificus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A68FEA93FF9AFFB7682292CC86932B8D" box="[529,747,1683,1705]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="337">Ctenodrilus pacificus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="A68FEA93FF9AFFB768C392CC87382B8C" bold="true" box="[752,832,1683,1704]" pageId="12" pageNumber="337">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="BDBC57E8FF9AFFB768C392CC87382B8C" box="[752,832,1683,1704]" pageId="12" pageNumber="337" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
A, complete live specimens, upper individual showing well demarked segments, bottom individual showing development of prostomia and inset showing a stolon with prostomium and pygidium; B, a recently separated individual with stomach not connected anteriorly or posteriorly; C, completely developed individual with mouth and newly formed body segments. (abbreviations: mo, mouth; pr, prostomium; py, pygidium).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="94443681FF9AFFB76AF4937387012A95" blockId="12.[151,1437,1836,1969]" pageId="12" pageNumber="337">
|
||
<emphasis id="A68FEA93FF9AFFB76AF4937385432A61" bold="true" box="[199,315,1836,1861]" pageId="12" pageNumber="337">Parasites.</emphasis>
|
||
Gregarine parasites (Apicomplexa) of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53FB4D02FF9AFFB769A7937280682A61" box="[916,1040,1837,1861]" class="Sporozoa" family="Selenidiidae" genus="Selenidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Eugregarinida" pageId="12" pageNumber="337" phylum="Protozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A68FEA93FF9AFFB769A7937280682A61" box="[916,1040,1837,1861]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="337">Selenidium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were found in abundance in all individuals of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53FB4D02FF9AFFB76B71930E86402A4D" box="[322,568,1873,1897]" class="Polychaeta" family="Ctenodrilidae" genus="Ctenodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="12" pageNumber="337" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pacificus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A68FEA93FF9AFFB76B71930E86402A4D" box="[322,568,1873,1897]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="337">Ctenodrilus pacificus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="A68FEA93FF9AFFB76877930F86DA2A4D" bold="true" box="[580,674,1872,1897]" pageId="12" pageNumber="337">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="BDBC57E8FF9AFFB76877930F86DA2A4D" box="[580,674,1872,1897]" pageId="12" pageNumber="337" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
examined
|
||
<emphasis id="A68FEA93FF9AFFB76915930E870F2A4C" box="[806,887,1873,1896]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="337">in vivo</emphasis>
|
||
. They were observed in the gut and intestine.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53FB4D02FF9AFFB76AA4932A856C2AA9" box="[151,276,1909,1933]" class="Sporozoa" family="Selenidiidae" genus="Selenidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Eugregarinida" pageId="12" pageNumber="337" phylum="Protozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A68FEA93FF9AFFB76AA4932A856C2AA9" box="[151,276,1909,1933]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="337">Selenidium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species have been reported to infect polychaetes of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53FB4D02FF9AFFB769BA932B87842AA9" box="[905,1020,1908,1933]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="12" pageNumber="337" phylum="Annelida" rank="family">Spionidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53FB4D02FF9AFFB76E3B932B80052AA9" box="[1032,1149,1908,1933]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="12" pageNumber="337" phylum="Annelida" rank="family">Sabellidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53FB4D02FF9AFFB76E80932B81532AA9" box="[1203,1323,1908,1933]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="12" pageNumber="337" phylum="Annelida" rank="family">Serpulidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and more recently in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53FB4D02FF9AFFB76B2693C6870D2A95" authority="Wakeman & Leander 2013" authorityName="Wakeman & Leander" authorityYear="2013" box="[277,885,1944,1969]" class="Polychaeta" family="Cirratulidae" genus="Dodecaceria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="12" pageNumber="337" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="concharum">
|
||
<emphasis id="A68FEA93FF9AFFB76B2693C686532A95" box="[277,555,1945,1969]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="337">Dodecaceria concharum</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F06A4B70FF9AFFB7680A93C787152A95" author="Wakeman" box="[569,877,1944,1969]" pageId="12" pageNumber="337" refString="Wakeman, K. C. & Leander, B. S. (2013) Molecular phylogeny of marine gregarine parasites (Apicomplexa) from tube-forming polychaetes (Sabellariidae, Cirratulidae, and Serpulidae), including descriptions of two new species of Selenidium. The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology, 60, 514 - 525. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / jeu. 12059" type="journal article" year="2013">Wakeman & Leander 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="94443681FF9BFFB66AF494C881512C89" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,429]" pageId="13" pageNumber="338">
|
||
<emphasis id="A68FEA93FF9BFFB66AF494C885C52D94" bold="true" box="[199,445,151,176]" pageId="13" pageNumber="338">Phylogenetic results.</emphasis>
|
||
Based on molecular data,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53FB4D02FF9BFFB668D994C787A32D94" box="[746,987,152,176]" class="Polychaeta" family="Ctenodrilidae" genus="Ctenodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="13" pageNumber="338" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pacificus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A68FEA93FF9BFFB668D994C787A32D94" box="[746,987,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="338">Ctenodrilus pacificus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="A68FEA93FF9BFFB669D094C880452D94" bold="true" box="[995,1085,151,176]" pageId="13" pageNumber="338">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="BDBC57E8FF9BFFB669D094C880452D94" box="[995,1085,151,176]" pageId="13" pageNumber="338" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is found to be a sister taxon to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53FB4D02FF9BFFB66AA494E385F82DF0" box="[151,384,188,212]" class="Polychaeta" family="Ctenodrilidae" genus="Ctenodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="13" pageNumber="338" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="serratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A68FEA93FF9BFFB66AA494E385F82DF0" box="[151,384,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="338">Ctenodrilus serratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53FB4D02FF9BFFB66BCF94E386D92DF0" box="[508,673,188,213]" class="Polychaeta" family="Ctenodrilidae" genus="Ctenodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="13" pageNumber="338" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="serratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A68FEA93FF9BFFB66BCF94E3866E2DF7" box="[508,534,188,211]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="338">C.</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="A68FEA93FF9BFFB6687694E286D92DF0" box="[581,673,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="338">serratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Kleinzee,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="ECEC7611FF9BFFB6696E94E387972DF1" box="[861,1007,188,213]" name="South Africa" pageId="13" pageNumber="338">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="0CC02A04FF9BFFB66E3294E3803F2DF0" box="[1025,1095,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1416,1438]" captionTargetBox="[249,1337,193,1394]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[249,1338,193,1394]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree based on 16 S and CO 1 sequences of Ctenodrilus and further Cirratulidae. Bootstrap values are given at branches. Ctenodrilus pacificus sp. nov. is highlighted in red, C. serratus in blue." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/271210/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="338">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
). The K2P distances between both taxa are at least 10.9 % for 16S and 18.7 % for CO1 (
|
||
<tableCitation id="D979033AFF9BFFB6692D9480870C2DDC" box="[798,884,223,248]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="13.[151,239,476,499]" captionTargetBox="[192,1331,526,755]" captionText="TABLE 3. Pairwise sequence distances (K 2 P) of analyzed Ctenodrilus." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C0846609FF9BFFB66AA4958387EB2CD6" pageId="13" pageNumber="338" tableUuid="C0846609FF9BFFB66AA4958387EB2CD6">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
), supporting the hypothesis of both being distinct species. Together with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53FB4D02FF9BFFB66B99955B86432C38" box="[426,571,260,284]" class="Polychaeta" family="Cirratulidae" genus="Dodecaceria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="13" pageNumber="338" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A68FEA93FF9BFFB66B99955B86432C38" box="[426,571,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="338">Dodecaceria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53FB4D02FF9BFFB6687D955B86AA2C38" box="[590,722,260,284]" class="Polychaeta" family="Ctenodrilidae" genus="Ctenodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="13" pageNumber="338" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A68FEA93FF9BFFB6687D955B86AA2C38" box="[590,722,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="338">Ctenodrilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
constitutes a monophyletic group, but ingroup relationships remain questionable. While in the 16S analysis
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53FB4D02FF9BFFB66899957787572C64" box="[682,815,296,320]" class="Polychaeta" family="Ctenodrilidae" genus="Ctenodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="13" pageNumber="338" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A68FEA93FF9BFFB66899957787572C64" box="[682,815,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="338">Ctenodrilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is nested within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53FB4D02FF9BFFB669D9957780032C64" box="[1002,1147,296,320]" class="Polychaeta" family="Cirratulidae" genus="Dodecaceria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="13" pageNumber="338" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A68FEA93FF9BFFB669D9957780032C64" box="[1002,1147,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="338">Dodecaceria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in the CO1 analysis both are resolved as reciprocal monophyletic groups (not shown). Additional molecular data for the genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53FB4D02FF9BFFB66F22951381ED2C40" box="[1297,1429,332,356]" class="Polychaeta" family="Ctenodrilidae" genus="Raphidrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="13" pageNumber="338" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A68FEA93FF9BFFB66F22951381ED2C40" box="[1297,1429,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="338">Raphidrilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53FB4D02FF9BFFB66AA4952F85742CA3" box="[151,268,368,391]" class="Polychaeta" family="Ctenodrilidae" genus="Raricirrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="13" pageNumber="338" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A68FEA93FF9BFFB66AA4952F85742CA3" box="[151,268,368,391]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="338">Raricirrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53FB4D02FF9BFFB66B78952F85942CAC" box="[331,492,368,392]" class="Polychaeta" family="Ctenodrilidae" genus="Aphropharynx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="13" pageNumber="338" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A68FEA93FF9BFFB66B78952F85942CAC" box="[331,492,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="338">Aphropharynx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
will help elucidate the relationships between ctenodrilids and cirratulids but the affiliation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53FB4D02FF9BFFB66B1995CB85D72C88" box="[298,431,404,428]" class="Polychaeta" family="Ctenodrilidae" genus="Ctenodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="13" pageNumber="338" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A68FEA93FF9BFFB66B1995CB85D72C88" box="[298,431,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="338">Ctenodrilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53FB4D02FF9BFFB66BC895CB86F92C89" box="[507,641,404,429]" class="Polychaeta" family="Cirratulidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="13" pageNumber="338" phylum="Annelida" rank="family">Cirratulidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
is beyond question (see discussion in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F06A4B70FF9BFFB66E1E95CB81652C89" author="Weidhase" box="[1069,1309,404,429]" pageId="13" pageNumber="338" refString="Weidhase, M., Bleidorn, C. & Simon, C. A. (2016) On the taxonomy and phylogeny of Ctenodrilus (Annelida: Cirratulidae) with a first report from South Africa. Marine Biodiversity, 1 - 10. [published online] http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12526 - 015 - 0355 - 3" type="book chapter" year="2016">
|
||
Weidhase
|
||
<emphasis id="A68FEA93FF9BFFB66E9295CA80A12C88" box="[1185,1241,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="338">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="C0846609FF9BFFB66AA4958387EB2CD6" ID-Table-UUID="C0846609FF9BFFB66AA4958387EB2CD6" box="[151,915,475,499]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C0846609FF9BFFB66AA4958387EB2CD6" pageId="13" pageNumber="338" targetBox="[192,1331,526,755]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="13">
|
||
<paragraph id="94443681FF9BFFB66AA4958387EB2CD6" blockId="13.[151,915,475,499]" box="[151,915,475,499]" pageId="13" pageNumber="338">
|
||
<emphasis id="A68FEA93FF9BFFB66AA4958385712CD7" bold="true" box="[151,265,476,499]" pageId="13" pageNumber="338">TABLE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Pairwise sequence distances (K2P) of analyzed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53FB4D02FF9BFFB6693D958487F42CD7" box="[782,908,475,499]" class="Polychaeta" family="Ctenodrilidae" genus="Ctenodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="13" pageNumber="338" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A68FEA93FF9BFFB6693D958487F42CD7" box="[782,908,475,499]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="338">Ctenodrilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="94443681FF9BFFB6688C965180152FD7" blockId="13.[159,1331,526,755]" pageId="13" pageNumber="338">
|
||
<table id="E6FBC421FF9B00446AF39651814B2FD7" box="[192,1331,526,755]" gridcols="5" gridrows="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="338">
|
||
<tr id="2ACB34C3FF9B00446AF39651814B2F00" box="[192,1331,526,548]" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="338" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<th id="691A5DBFFF9B0044688C9651877F2F00" box="[703,775,526,548]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="338">16S</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="2ACB34C3FF9B00446AF39667814B2F6A" box="[192,1331,568,590]" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="338">
|
||
<th id="691A5DBFFF9B00446AF39667866C2F6A" box="[192,532,568,590]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="338">Specimen</th>
|
||
<td id="691A5DBFFF9B0044688C9667877F2F6A" box="[703,775,568,590]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="338">(1)</td>
|
||
<td id="691A5DBFFF9B0044694A966787B82F6A" box="[889,960,568,590]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="338">(2)</td>
|
||
<td id="691A5DBFFF9B00446E01966780012F6A" box="[1074,1145,568,590]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="338">(3)</td>
|
||
<td id="691A5DBFFF9B00446ED89667814B2F6A" box="[1259,1331,568,590]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="338">(4)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="2ACB34C3FF9B00446AF3963E814B2F53" box="[192,1331,609,631]" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="338" rowspan-1="1">
|
||
<th id="691A5DBFFF9B00446AF3963E866C2F53" box="[192,532,609,631]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="338">
|
||
(1)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53FB4D02FF9BFFB66AD7963E85C62F53" box="[228,446,609,631]" class="Polychaeta" family="Ctenodrilidae" genus="Ctenodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="13" pageNumber="338" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pacificus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A68FEA93FF9BFFB66AD7963E85C62F53" box="[228,446,609,631]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="338">Ctenodrilus pacificus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="A68FEA93FF9BFFB66BF7963E866C2F52" bold="true" box="[452,532,609,630]" pageId="13" pageNumber="338">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="BDBC57E8FF9BFFB66BF7963E866C2F52" box="[452,532,609,630]" pageId="13" pageNumber="338" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="691A5DBFFF9B0044694A963E87B82F53" box="[889,960,609,631]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="338">15.5 %</td>
|
||
<td id="691A5DBFFF9B00446E01963E80012F53" box="[1074,1145,609,631]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="338">11.9 %</td>
|
||
<td id="691A5DBFFF9B00446ED8963E814B2F53" box="[1259,1331,609,631]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="338">10.9 %</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="2ACB34C3FF9B00446AF396D5814B2F84" box="[192,1331,650,672]" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="338" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th id="691A5DBFFF9B00446AF396D5866C2F84" box="[192,532,650,672]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="338">
|
||
(2)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53FB4D02FF9BFFB66AD796D585CD2F84" box="[228,437,650,672]" class="Polychaeta" family="Ctenodrilidae" genus="Ctenodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="13" pageNumber="338" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="serratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A68FEA93FF9BFFB66AD796D585CD2F84" box="[228,437,650,672]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="338">Ctenodrilus serratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="ECEC7611FF9BFFB66B8896D585962F84" box="[443,494,650,672]" name="United States of America" pageId="13" pageNumber="338">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="691A5DBFFF9B0044688C96D5877F2F84" box="[703,775,650,672]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="338">-</td>
|
||
<td id="691A5DBFFF9B00446E0196D580012F84" box="[1074,1145,650,672]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="338">0.0 %</td>
|
||
<td id="691A5DBFFF9B00446ED896D5814B2F84" box="[1259,1331,650,672]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="338">0.3 %</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="2ACB34C3FF9B00446AF396EB814B2FEE" box="[192,1331,692,714]" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="338" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<th id="691A5DBFFF9B00446AF396EB866C2FEE" box="[192,532,692,714]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="338">
|
||
(3)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53FB4D02FF9BFFB66AD796EB85CD2FEE" box="[228,437,692,714]" class="Polychaeta" family="Ctenodrilidae" genus="Ctenodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="13" pageNumber="338" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="serratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A68FEA93FF9BFFB66AD796EB85CD2FEE" box="[228,437,692,714]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="338">Ctenodrilus serratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
GER
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="691A5DBFFF9B0044688C96EB877F2FEE" box="[703,775,692,714]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="338">21.5 %</td>
|
||
<td id="691A5DBFFF9B0044694A96EB87B82FEE" box="[889,960,692,714]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="338">-</td>
|
||
<td id="691A5DBFFF9B00446ED896EB814B2FEE" box="[1259,1331,692,714]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="338">0.6 %</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="2ACB34C3FF9B00446AF39682814B2FD7" box="[192,1331,733,755]" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="338" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<th id="691A5DBFFF9B00446AF39682866C2FD7" box="[192,532,733,755]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="338">
|
||
(4)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53FB4D02FF9BFFB66AD7968285AD2FD7" box="[228,469,733,755]" class="Polychaeta" family="Ctenodrilidae" genus="Ctenodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="13" pageNumber="338" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="serratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A68FEA93FF9BFFB66AD7968285242FD7" box="[228,348,733,755]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="338">Ctenodrilus</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="A68FEA93FF9BFFB66BB1968185AD2FD7" box="[386,469,734,755]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="338">serratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="ECEC7611FF9BFFB66BEF968286752FD7" box="[476,525,733,755]" name="South Africa" pageId="13" pageNumber="338">RSA</collectingCountry>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="691A5DBFFF9B0044688C9682877F2FD7" box="[703,775,733,755]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="338">18.7 %</td>
|
||
<td id="691A5DBFFF9B0044694A968287B82FD7" box="[889,960,733,755]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="338">-</td>
|
||
<td id="691A5DBFFF9B00446E01968280012FD7" box="[1074,1145,733,755]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="338">4.1 %</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="94443681FF9BFFB66AAC963E84CC2FB5" blockId="13.[159,1331,526,755]" box="[159,180,609,657]" pageId="13" pageNumber="338">1 CO</paragraph>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |