1112 lines
137 KiB
XML
1112 lines
137 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.1645/19-97" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0808cd6f-f1bb-4ccd-8a45-4c16b05ea6ff" ID-ISSN="1937-2345" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7753017" checkinTime="1679077789439" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Amin, Omar M., Heckmann, Richard A., Dallarés, Sara, Constenla, María & Ha, Nguyen Van" docDate="2020" docId="0F7987C5477A234465C0FE23FEEF11ED" docLanguage="en" docName="JourParasitol.106.1.56-70.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Parasitology 106 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1645/19-97" docStyle="DocumentStyle:378338F1068CC775F20F95F13175CB49.1:JourParasitol.2019-.journal_article" docStyleId="378338F1068CC775F20F95F13175CB49" docStyleName="JourParasitol.2019-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Rhadinorhynchus hiansi Soota and Bhattacharya 1981" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="65" masterDocId="F340FFBD4778234D654BFFEAFF9B157F" masterDocTitle="Morphological And Molecular Description Of Rhadinorhynchus Hiansi Soota And Bhattacharya, 1981 (Acanthocephala: Rhadinorhynchidae) From Marine Fish Off The Pacific Coast Of Vietnam" masterLastPageNumber="70" masterPageNumber="56" pageNumber="58" updateTime="1679323712485" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
|
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<mods:title>Morphological And Molecular Description Of Rhadinorhynchus Hiansi Soota And Bhattacharya, 1981 (Acanthocephala: Rhadinorhynchidae) From Marine Fish Off The Pacific Coast Of Vietnam</mods:title>
|
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
|
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Amin, Omar M.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Institute of Parasitic Diseases, 11445 E. Via Linda 2 - 419, Scottsdale, Arizona 85259.</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
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||
<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
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||
<mods:namePart>Heckmann, Richard A.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, 1114 MLBM, Provo, Utah 84602.</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
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<mods:role>
|
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Dallarés, Sara</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Department of Animal Biology, Plant Biology and Ecology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.</mods:affiliation>
|
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</mods:name>
|
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Constenla, María</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Department of Animal Biology, Plant Biology and Ecology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Ha, Nguyen Van</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Institute of Parasitic Diseases, 11445 E. Via Linda 2 - 419, Scottsdale, Arizona 85259. & Department of Parasitology, Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources (IEBR), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam. Correspondence should be sent to Omar M. Amin at: omaramin @ aol. com & Institute of Parasitic Diseases, 11445 E. Via Linda 2 - 419, Scottsdale, Arizona 85259.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>Journal of Parasitology</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2020-01-29</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>106</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>1</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>56</mods:start>
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<mods:end>70</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.1645/19-97</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1645/19-97</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">0808cd6f-f1bb-4ccd-8a45-4c16b05ea6ff</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1937-2345</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7753017</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7753019" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7753019" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0F7987C5477A234465C0FE23FEEF11ED" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0F7987C5477A234465C0FE23FEEF11ED" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="58" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="2.[139,765,457,508]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="4RY5S" ID-ENA="2598135" authority="Soota and Bhattacharya, 1981" authorityName="Soota and Bhattacharya" authorityYear="1981" box="[139,765,457,479]" class="Palaeacanthocephala" family="Rhadinorhynchidae" genus="Rhadinorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinorhynchida" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Acanthocephala" rank="species" species="hiansi">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[139,765,457,479]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[139,416,457,479]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Rhadinorhynchus hiansi</emphasis>
|
||
Soota and Bhattacharya, 1981
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[396,506,489,508]" captionStart-0="Figures 1–11" captionStart-1="Figures 12–16" captionStart-2="Figures 17–22" captionStart-3="Figures 23–28" captionStart-4="Figure 29" captionStart-5="Figure 30" captionStart-6="Figure 31" captionStartId-0="3.[168,233,1799,1818]" captionStartId-1="4.[141,206,1817,1836]" captionStartId-2="5.[168,233,1819,1838]" captionStartId-3="6.[141,206,1819,1838]" captionStartId-4="7.[168,225,1102,1121]" captionStartId-5="7.[869,926,1096,1115]" captionStartId-6="8.[141,198,1098,1117]" captionTargetBox-0="[191,1467,203,1771]" captionTargetBox-1="[216,1388,202,1790]" captionTargetBox-2="[213,1446,202,1792]" captionTargetBox-3="[187,1419,202,1792]" captionTargetBox-4="[144,820,202,1088]" captionTargetBox-5="[836,1515,202,1082]" captionTargetBox-6="[117,788,202,1071]" captionTargetId-0="figure-1@3.[191,1467,202,1772]" captionTargetId-1="figure-1@4.[216,1389,202,1790]" captionTargetId-2="figure-1@5.[213,1446,202,1792]" captionTargetId-3="figure-1@6.[187,1419,202,1792]" captionTargetId-4="figure-221@7.[144,815,202,1075]" captionTargetId-5="figure-280@7.[846,1515,202,1069]" captionTargetId-6="figure-185@8.[117,788,202,1071]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-2="5" captionTargetPageId-3="6" captionTargetPageId-4="7" captionTargetPageId-5="7" captionTargetPageId-6="8" captionText-0="Figures 1–11. Line drawings of whole mounted specimens of Rhadinorhynchus hiansi from Sarda orientalis collected off the southern Pacific coast of Vietnam at Nha Trang. (1) A young male specimen. (2) A young female specimen. (3) Detail of the reproductive system of the male specimen in Figure 1. (4) A posterior trunk spine. (5) The proboscis of a male specimen. (6, 7) Profiles of selected dorsal (6) and ventral (7) proboscis hooks from Figure 5 showing 5 types of hooks. Hook no. 1 (apical), no. 3 (largest), no. 15 (smaller mid-proboscis hook), no. 40 (larger hooks near posterior end), basal crown (longest). (8) Reproductive system of an 11 mm long female showing long uterus and the attachment of the simple uterine bell to the ventral wall of the trunk. (9) A larger magnification of the uterine bell. (10) Larger magnification of the vagina. (11) An egg." captionText-1="Figures 12–16. SEM of specimens from Sarda orientalis collected off the southern Pacific coast of Vietnam at Nha Trang. (12) A fully extended proboscis of a male specimen. (13) An apical view of the proboscis of specimen in Figure 12 showing the smaller apical hooks and the arrangement of hook rows. (14) A gallium cut hook showing the thin cortical layer and the dense prominent core. (15) A view of hooks at mid-proboscis showing their shape, external texture, and orientation. (16) A higher magnification of a hook showing detail of its external striations. All hooks are striated." captionText-2="Figures 17–22. SEM of specimens from Sarda orientalis collected off the southern Pacific coast of Vietnam at Nha Trang. (17) Posterior proboscis hooks are longest and in a perfect ring. (18) Sensory pore just posterior to basal hooks. (19) Anterior trunk of a male specimen showing anterior rings of spines and posterior ventral and lateral spines characteristic of this species. (20) A higher magnification of a trunk spine. (21) A gallium cut spine showing a middle dense core and a think spongy outer layer under the cuticle. (22) An example of micropores in the middle of trunk." captionText-3="Figures 23–28. SEM of specimens from Sarda orientalis collected off the southern Pacific coast of Vietnam at Nha Trang. (23) Rounded posterior end of a female specimen showing the sub-ventral position of gonopore appearing as a lateral slit. (24) Eggs with rounded poles and prominent coarse surface. (25) The posterior end of a male specimen showing the terminal position of an invaginated bursa. (26) A lateral view of terminal bursa. (27) A face view of the thick bursa showing the distribution of sensory structures in an outer ring of clusters and inner rings of single units. (28) Higher magnification of a sensory cluster from the outer ring showing its organization and the elevated dome-shaped center of each unit. The organization of sensory structures of the bursa is species specific and is a useful diagnostic tool for species recognition." captionText-4="Figure 29. Energy dispersive X-ray spectrum of the base center of a gallium cut large anterior hook of a Rhadinorhynchus hiansi specimen showing high levels of calcium and phosphorus. The x-ray data are the elemental analysis of the hook base (see boldfaced figures in Table III). Insert: SEM of a cross and lateral longitudinal gallium cut hook." captionText-5="Figure 30. Energy dispersive X-ray spectrum of the tip of a gallium cut small base hook of a Rhadinorhynchus hiansi specimen showing high levels of sulfur. The x-ray data are the elemental analysis of the hook tip (see boldfaced figures in Table IV). Insert: SEM of a cross and lateral longitudinal gallium cut hook." captionText-6="Figure 31. Energy dispersive X-ray spectrum of a gallium cut trunk spine of a Rhadinorhynchus hiansi specimen showing high levels of sulfur. The x-ray data are the elemental analysis of the center of the spine; see boldfaced numbers in Table V. Insert: SEM of a lateral longitudinal cut spine." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7753021" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7753023" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7753025" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7753031" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7753035" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7753037" figureDoi-6="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7753039" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7753021/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7753023/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/7753025/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/7753031/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/7753035/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/7753037/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/7753039/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Figs. 1–31</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="58" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="2.[117,788,544,1956]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">
|
||
The present report represents a dramatic extension of the host and geographical distribution of a rhadinorhynchid acanthocephalan,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Soota and Bhattacharya" authorityYear="1981" box="[117,208,604,625]" class="Palaeacanthocephala" family="Rhadinorhynchidae" genus="Rhadinorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinorhynchida" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Acanthocephala" rank="species" species="hiansi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[117,208,604,625]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">R. hiansi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, reported only once from
|
||
<materialsCitation collectorName="The & Omar M. Amin" country="India" location="southern Pacific" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" specimenCount="224" specimenCount-female="13" specimenCount-male="21" stateProvince="Kerala">
|
||
<specimenCount box="[486,609,603,625]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
collected from a flat needle fish,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Belonida)" baseAuthorityName="Belonida" box="[280,479,633,655]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Belonidae" genus="Ablennes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beloniformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hians">
|
||
<emphasis box="[280,363,633,654]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">A. hians</emphasis>
|
||
(Belonida)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, off the southwestern coast of
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[117,171,662,684]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
almost 40 yr ago and provides a full morphological and molecular description of that species for the first time.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Soota and Bhattacharya" authorityYear="1981" class="Palaeacanthocephala" family="Rhadinorhynchidae" genus="Rhadinorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinorhynchida" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Acanthocephala" rank="species" species="hiansi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Rhadinorhynchus hiansi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was originally described from
|
||
<materialsCitation collectorName="The & Omar M. Amin" country="India" location="southern Pacific" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" specimenCount="224" specimenCount-female="13" specimenCount-male="21" stateProvince="Kerala">
|
||
<specimenCount box="[610,678,722,744]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" type="male">2 male</specimenCount>
|
||
specimens collected from the flat needlefish
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Valenciennes" authorityName="Valenciennes" box="[487,787,751,773]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Belonidae" genus="Ablennes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beloniformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hians">
|
||
<emphasis box="[487,642,752,773]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Ablennes hians</emphasis>
|
||
Valenciennes
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[124,228,781,803]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Belonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beloniformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Belonidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) off Trivandrum,
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[413,485,781,803]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Kerala</collectingRegion>
|
||
, on the southwestern coast of
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[117,174,810,832]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation collectorName="The & Omar M. Amin" country="India" location="southern Pacific" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" specimenCount="224" specimenCount-female="13" specimenCount-male="21" stateProvince="Kerala">
|
||
Of the
|
||
<specimenCount box="[269,418,810,832]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" type="generic">129 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Soota and Bhattacharya" authorityYear="1981" box="[462,554,811,832]" class="Palaeacanthocephala" family="Rhadinorhynchidae" genus="Rhadinorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinorhynchida" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Acanthocephala" rank="species" species="hiansi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[462,554,811,832]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">R. hiansi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from 9 of 10 striped bonito,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[199,321,840,861]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Scombridae" genus="Sarda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orientalis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[199,321,840,861]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">S. orientalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
off the
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0F7987C5477A234465C0FE23FEEF11ED:820F6008477A234F64DDFCA2FDA71621" box="[406,572,840,862]" country="India" name="southern Pacific" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" stateProvince="Kerala">southern Pacific</location>
|
||
coast of
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[671,758,840,862]" name="Vietnam" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
at Nha Tran, we processed
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation collectorName="The & Omar M. Amin" country="India" location="southern Pacific" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" specimenCount="224" specimenCount-female="13" specimenCount-male="21" stateProvince="Kerala">
|
||
and whole mounted
|
||
<specimenCount box="[608,744,869,891]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" type="generic">32 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount pageId="2" pageNumber="58" type="male">19 males</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount box="[227,335,899,921]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" type="female">13 females</specimenCount>
|
||
) for microscopic examination,
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation collectorName="The & Omar M. Amin" country="India" location="southern Pacific" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" specimenCount="224" specimenCount-female="13" specimenCount-male="21" stateProvince="Kerala">
|
||
<specimenCount box="[654,786,899,921]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" type="generic">15 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
for SEM studies,
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation box="[301,720,929,951]" collectorName="The & Omar M. Amin" country="India" location="southern Pacific" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" specimenCount="224" specimenCount-female="13" specimenCount-male="21" stateProvince="Kerala">
|
||
<specimenCount box="[301,423,929,951]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" type="generic">8 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
for metal analysis of hooks,
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation collectorName="The & Omar M. Amin" country="India" location="southern Pacific" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" specimenCount="224" specimenCount-female="13" specimenCount-male="21" stateProvince="Kerala">
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount pageId="2" pageNumber="58" type="generic">4 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
for molecular studies.
|
||
<collectorName box="[459,499,958,980]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">The</collectorName>
|
||
remaining specimens are in ethanol in the
|
||
<collectorName box="[269,432,988,1010]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Omar M. Amin</collectorName>
|
||
collection
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="58" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="2.[117,788,544,1956]" lastBlockId="2.[818,1488,202,1437]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<emphasis box="[141,226,1018,1039]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">General:</emphasis>
|
||
With characters of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Luhe 1911" authorityName="Luhe" authorityYear="1911" class="Palaeacanthocephala" family="Rhadinorhynchidae" genus="Rhadinorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinorhynchida" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Acanthocephala" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[555,724,1018,1039]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Rhadinorhynchus</emphasis>
|
||
Lühe 1911
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Trunk relatively long, uniformly cylindrical, spinose anteriorly in 2 regions within range of proboscis receptacle (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[683,782,1077,1099]" captionStart="Figures 1–11" captionStartId="3.[168,233,1799,1818]" captionTargetBox="[191,1467,203,1771]" captionTargetId="figure-1@3.[191,1467,202,1772]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figures 1–11. Line drawings of whole mounted specimens of Rhadinorhynchus hiansi from Sarda orientalis collected off the southern Pacific coast of Vietnam at Nha Trang. (1) A young male specimen. (2) A young female specimen. (3) Detail of the reproductive system of the male specimen in Figure 1. (4) A posterior trunk spine. (5) The proboscis of a male specimen. (6, 7) Profiles of selected dorsal (6) and ventral (7) proboscis hooks from Figure 5 showing 5 types of hooks. Hook no. 1 (apical), no. 3 (largest), no. 15 (smaller mid-proboscis hook), no. 40 (larger hooks near posterior end), basal crown (longest). (8) Reproductive system of an 11 mm long female showing long uterus and the attachment of the simple uterine bell to the ventral wall of the trunk. (9) A larger magnification of the uterine bell. (10) Larger magnification of the vagina. (11) An egg." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7753021" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7753021/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Figs. 1, 2</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[117,143,1106,1128]" captionStart="Figures 17–22" captionStartId="5.[168,233,1819,1838]" captionTargetBox="[213,1446,202,1792]" captionTargetId="figure-1@5.[213,1446,202,1792]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figures 17–22. SEM of specimens from Sarda orientalis collected off the southern Pacific coast of Vietnam at Nha Trang. (17) Posterior proboscis hooks are longest and in a perfect ring. (18) Sensory pore just posterior to basal hooks. (19) Anterior trunk of a male specimen showing anterior rings of spines and posterior ventral and lateral spines characteristic of this species. (20) A higher magnification of a trunk spine. (21) A gallium cut spine showing a middle dense core and a think spongy outer layer under the cuticle. (22) An example of micropores in the middle of trunk." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7753025" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7753025/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">19</figureCitation>
|
||
). Trunk and all shared structures markedly larger in females than in males with rare males almost reaching length of longest females. Cuticular surface flat with many electron-dense micropores (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[189,266,1195,1217]" captionStart="Figures 17–22" captionStartId="5.[168,233,1819,1838]" captionTargetBox="[213,1446,202,1792]" captionTargetId="figure-1@5.[213,1446,202,1792]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figures 17–22. SEM of specimens from Sarda orientalis collected off the southern Pacific coast of Vietnam at Nha Trang. (17) Posterior proboscis hooks are longest and in a perfect ring. (18) Sensory pore just posterior to basal hooks. (19) Anterior trunk of a male specimen showing anterior rings of spines and posterior ventral and lateral spines characteristic of this species. (20) A higher magnification of a trunk spine. (21) A gallium cut spine showing a middle dense core and a think spongy outer layer under the cuticle. (22) An example of micropores in the middle of trunk." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7753025" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7753025/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
|
||
). Trunk spines with prominent dense central core (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[125,198,1224,1246]" captionStart="Figures 1–11" captionStartId="3.[168,233,1799,1818]" captionTargetBox="[191,1467,203,1771]" captionTargetId="figure-1@3.[191,1467,202,1772]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figures 1–11. Line drawings of whole mounted specimens of Rhadinorhynchus hiansi from Sarda orientalis collected off the southern Pacific coast of Vietnam at Nha Trang. (1) A young male specimen. (2) A young female specimen. (3) Detail of the reproductive system of the male specimen in Figure 1. (4) A posterior trunk spine. (5) The proboscis of a male specimen. (6, 7) Profiles of selected dorsal (6) and ventral (7) proboscis hooks from Figure 5 showing 5 types of hooks. Hook no. 1 (apical), no. 3 (largest), no. 15 (smaller mid-proboscis hook), no. 40 (larger hooks near posterior end), basal crown (longest). (8) Reproductive system of an 11 mm long female showing long uterus and the attachment of the simple uterine bell to the ventral wall of the trunk. (9) A larger magnification of the uterine bell. (10) Larger magnification of the vagina. (11) An egg." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7753021" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7753021/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[212,275,1224,1246]" captionStart="Figures 17–22" captionStartId="5.[168,233,1819,1838]" captionTargetBox="[213,1446,202,1792]" captionTargetId="figure-1@5.[213,1446,202,1792]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figures 17–22. SEM of specimens from Sarda orientalis collected off the southern Pacific coast of Vietnam at Nha Trang. (17) Posterior proboscis hooks are longest and in a perfect ring. (18) Sensory pore just posterior to basal hooks. (19) Anterior trunk of a male specimen showing anterior rings of spines and posterior ventral and lateral spines characteristic of this species. (20) A higher magnification of a trunk spine. (21) A gallium cut spine showing a middle dense core and a think spongy outer layer under the cuticle. (22) An example of micropores in the middle of trunk." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7753025" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7753025/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">20, 21</figureCitation>
|
||
) (counted on 1 side of trunk) larger and usually more numerous in females than in males. Anterior trunk spines in near complete circles, fewer dorsally, not exceeding 5 vertically or horizontally. Posterior trunk spines reaching 9 ventrally and 11 laterally, larger at middle (
|
||
<tableCitation box="[392,468,1343,1365]" captionStart="Table I" captionStartId="7.[144,194,1519,1538]" captionTargetBox="[144,814,1602,1882]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Table I. Size and distribution of trunk spines of 19 male and 13 female specimens of Rhadinorhychus hiansi from Sarda orientalis in Vietnam." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D3AF665B477F234A65DBFA05FC8B1365" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" tableUuid="D3AF665B477F234A65DBFA05FC8B1365">Table I</tableCitation>
|
||
). Posterior lateral trunk spines smaller than posterior ventral spines and closer to ventral side of worms. Proboscis long, cylindrical, straight, titling ventrad (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1–11" captionStartId="3.[168,233,1799,1818]" captionTargetBox="[191,1467,203,1771]" captionTargetId="figure-1@3.[191,1467,202,1772]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figures 1–11. Line drawings of whole mounted specimens of Rhadinorhynchus hiansi from Sarda orientalis collected off the southern Pacific coast of Vietnam at Nha Trang. (1) A young male specimen. (2) A young female specimen. (3) Detail of the reproductive system of the male specimen in Figure 1. (4) A posterior trunk spine. (5) The proboscis of a male specimen. (6, 7) Profiles of selected dorsal (6) and ventral (7) proboscis hooks from Figure 5 showing 5 types of hooks. Hook no. 1 (apical), no. 3 (largest), no. 15 (smaller mid-proboscis hook), no. 40 (larger hooks near posterior end), basal crown (longest). (8) Reproductive system of an 11 mm long female showing long uterus and the attachment of the simple uterine bell to the ventral wall of the trunk. (9) A larger magnification of the uterine bell. (10) Larger magnification of the vagina. (11) An egg." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7753021" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7753021/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Figs. 1, 2, 5</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[172,198,1431,1453]" captionStart="Figures 12–16" captionStartId="4.[141,206,1817,1836]" captionTargetBox="[216,1388,202,1790]" captionTargetId="figure-1@4.[216,1389,202,1790]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figures 12–16. SEM of specimens from Sarda orientalis collected off the southern Pacific coast of Vietnam at Nha Trang. (12) A fully extended proboscis of a male specimen. (13) An apical view of the proboscis of specimen in Figure 12 showing the smaller apical hooks and the arrangement of hook rows. (14) A gallium cut hook showing the thin cortical layer and the dense prominent core. (15) A view of hooks at mid-proboscis showing their shape, external texture, and orientation. (16) A higher magnification of a hook showing detail of its external striations. All hooks are striated." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7753023" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7753023/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">12</figureCitation>
|
||
), gradually widening and rounded anteriorly, with 21–24 longitudinal alternating rows (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[426,498,1461,1483]" captionStart="Figures 12–16" captionStartId="4.[141,206,1817,1836]" captionTargetBox="[216,1388,202,1790]" captionTargetId="figure-1@4.[216,1389,202,1790]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figures 12–16. SEM of specimens from Sarda orientalis collected off the southern Pacific coast of Vietnam at Nha Trang. (12) A fully extended proboscis of a male specimen. (13) An apical view of the proboscis of specimen in Figure 12 showing the smaller apical hooks and the arrangement of hook rows. (14) A gallium cut hook showing the thin cortical layer and the dense prominent core. (15) A view of hooks at mid-proboscis showing their shape, external texture, and orientation. (16) A higher magnification of a hook showing detail of its external striations. All hooks are striated." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7753023" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7753023/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
) of 36–48 hooks each (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1–11" captionStartId="3.[168,233,1799,1818]" captionTargetBox="[191,1467,203,1771]" captionTargetId="figure-1@3.[191,1467,202,1772]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figures 1–11. Line drawings of whole mounted specimens of Rhadinorhynchus hiansi from Sarda orientalis collected off the southern Pacific coast of Vietnam at Nha Trang. (1) A young male specimen. (2) A young female specimen. (3) Detail of the reproductive system of the male specimen in Figure 1. (4) A posterior trunk spine. (5) The proboscis of a male specimen. (6, 7) Profiles of selected dorsal (6) and ventral (7) proboscis hooks from Figure 5 showing 5 types of hooks. Hook no. 1 (apical), no. 3 (largest), no. 15 (smaller mid-proboscis hook), no. 40 (larger hooks near posterior end), basal crown (longest). (8) Reproductive system of an 11 mm long female showing long uterus and the attachment of the simple uterine bell to the ventral wall of the trunk. (9) A larger magnification of the uterine bell. (10) Larger magnification of the vagina. (11) An egg." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7753021" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7753021/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[143,169,1491,1513]" captionStart="Figures 12–16" captionStartId="4.[141,206,1817,1836]" captionTargetBox="[216,1388,202,1790]" captionTargetId="figure-1@4.[216,1389,202,1790]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figures 12–16. SEM of specimens from Sarda orientalis collected off the southern Pacific coast of Vietnam at Nha Trang. (12) A fully extended proboscis of a male specimen. (13) An apical view of the proboscis of specimen in Figure 12 showing the smaller apical hooks and the arrangement of hook rows. (14) A gallium cut hook showing the thin cortical layer and the dense prominent core. (15) A view of hooks at mid-proboscis showing their shape, external texture, and orientation. (16) A higher magnification of a hook showing detail of its external striations. All hooks are striated." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7753023" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7753023/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">12</figureCitation>
|
||
), varying with worm sex. Hooks with thin cortical layer and thick solid core (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[314,397,1520,1542]" captionStart="Figures 17–22" captionStartId="5.[168,233,1819,1838]" captionTargetBox="[213,1446,202,1792]" captionTargetId="figure-1@5.[213,1446,202,1792]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figures 17–22. SEM of specimens from Sarda orientalis collected off the southern Pacific coast of Vietnam at Nha Trang. (17) Posterior proboscis hooks are longest and in a perfect ring. (18) Sensory pore just posterior to basal hooks. (19) Anterior trunk of a male specimen showing anterior rings of spines and posterior ventral and lateral spines characteristic of this species. (20) A higher magnification of a trunk spine. (21) A gallium cut spine showing a middle dense core and a think spongy outer layer under the cuticle. (22) An example of micropores in the middle of trunk." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7753025" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7753025/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
|
||
), directed posteriorly with external striations (6, 7, 15, 16). Dorsal hooks slightly longer and slenderer than stouter ventral hooks especially in anterior half of proboscis (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[125,221,1609,1631]" captionStart="Figures 1–11" captionStartId="3.[168,233,1799,1818]" captionTargetBox="[191,1467,203,1771]" captionTargetId="figure-1@3.[191,1467,202,1772]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figures 1–11. Line drawings of whole mounted specimens of Rhadinorhynchus hiansi from Sarda orientalis collected off the southern Pacific coast of Vietnam at Nha Trang. (1) A young male specimen. (2) A young female specimen. (3) Detail of the reproductive system of the male specimen in Figure 1. (4) A posterior trunk spine. (5) The proboscis of a male specimen. (6, 7) Profiles of selected dorsal (6) and ventral (7) proboscis hooks from Figure 5 showing 5 types of hooks. Hook no. 1 (apical), no. 3 (largest), no. 15 (smaller mid-proboscis hook), no. 40 (larger hooks near posterior end), basal crown (longest). (8) Reproductive system of an 11 mm long female showing long uterus and the attachment of the simple uterine bell to the ventral wall of the trunk. (9) A larger magnification of the uterine bell. (10) Larger magnification of the vagina. (11) An egg." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7753021" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7753021/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Figs. 6, 7</figureCitation>
|
||
). Apical hooks smallest (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[475,548,1609,1631]" captionStart="Figures 12–16" captionStartId="4.[141,206,1817,1836]" captionTargetBox="[216,1388,202,1790]" captionTargetId="figure-1@4.[216,1389,202,1790]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figures 12–16. SEM of specimens from Sarda orientalis collected off the southern Pacific coast of Vietnam at Nha Trang. (12) A fully extended proboscis of a male specimen. (13) An apical view of the proboscis of specimen in Figure 12 showing the smaller apical hooks and the arrangement of hook rows. (14) A gallium cut hook showing the thin cortical layer and the dense prominent core. (15) A view of hooks at mid-proboscis showing their shape, external texture, and orientation. (16) A higher magnification of a hook showing detail of its external striations. All hooks are striated." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7753023" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7753023/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
), third and forth hooks largest and thickest. Subsequent hooks progressively smaller posteriorly and then increasing in size nearing basal hooks. Basal crown hooks longest (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[338,408,1697,1719]" captionStart="Figures 17–22" captionStartId="5.[168,233,1819,1838]" captionTargetBox="[213,1446,202,1792]" captionTargetId="figure-1@5.[213,1446,202,1792]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figures 17–22. SEM of specimens from Sarda orientalis collected off the southern Pacific coast of Vietnam at Nha Trang. (17) Posterior proboscis hooks are longest and in a perfect ring. (18) Sensory pore just posterior to basal hooks. (19) Anterior trunk of a male specimen showing anterior rings of spines and posterior ventral and lateral spines characteristic of this species. (20) A higher magnification of a trunk spine. (21) A gallium cut spine showing a middle dense core and a think spongy outer layer under the cuticle. (22) An example of micropores in the middle of trunk." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7753025" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7753025/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
) but slender and larger ventrally than dorsally (Table II;
|
||
<figureCitation box="[306,400,1727,1749]" captionStart="Figures 1–11" captionStartId="3.[168,233,1799,1818]" captionTargetBox="[191,1467,203,1771]" captionTargetId="figure-1@3.[191,1467,202,1772]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figures 1–11. Line drawings of whole mounted specimens of Rhadinorhynchus hiansi from Sarda orientalis collected off the southern Pacific coast of Vietnam at Nha Trang. (1) A young male specimen. (2) A young female specimen. (3) Detail of the reproductive system of the male specimen in Figure 1. (4) A posterior trunk spine. (5) The proboscis of a male specimen. (6, 7) Profiles of selected dorsal (6) and ventral (7) proboscis hooks from Figure 5 showing 5 types of hooks. Hook no. 1 (apical), no. 3 (largest), no. 15 (smaller mid-proboscis hook), no. 40 (larger hooks near posterior end), basal crown (longest). (8) Reproductive system of an 11 mm long female showing long uterus and the attachment of the simple uterine bell to the ventral wall of the trunk. (9) A larger magnification of the uterine bell. (10) Larger magnification of the vagina. (11) An egg." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7753021" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7753021/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Figs. 6, 7</figureCitation>
|
||
). Hook roots simple, relatively shorter than blades, directed posteriorly except few larger posterior 5 or 6 hooks having small roots with short anterior manubria (Table II;
|
||
<figureCitation box="[117,214,1816,1838]" captionStart="Figures 1–11" captionStartId="3.[168,233,1799,1818]" captionTargetBox="[191,1467,203,1771]" captionTargetId="figure-1@3.[191,1467,202,1772]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figures 1–11. Line drawings of whole mounted specimens of Rhadinorhynchus hiansi from Sarda orientalis collected off the southern Pacific coast of Vietnam at Nha Trang. (1) A young male specimen. (2) A young female specimen. (3) Detail of the reproductive system of the male specimen in Figure 1. (4) A posterior trunk spine. (5) The proboscis of a male specimen. (6, 7) Profiles of selected dorsal (6) and ventral (7) proboscis hooks from Figure 5 showing 5 types of hooks. Hook no. 1 (apical), no. 3 (largest), no. 15 (smaller mid-proboscis hook), no. 40 (larger hooks near posterior end), basal crown (longest). (8) Reproductive system of an 11 mm long female showing long uterus and the attachment of the simple uterine bell to the ventral wall of the trunk. (9) A larger magnification of the uterine bell. (10) Larger magnification of the vagina. (11) An egg." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7753021" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7753021/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Figs. 6, 7</figureCitation>
|
||
). Neck prominent, longer dorsally than wide posteriorly with paired sensory pores (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[408,486,1845,1867]" captionStart="Figures 17–22" captionStartId="5.[168,233,1819,1838]" captionTargetBox="[213,1446,202,1792]" captionTargetId="figure-1@5.[213,1446,202,1792]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figures 17–22. SEM of specimens from Sarda orientalis collected off the southern Pacific coast of Vietnam at Nha Trang. (17) Posterior proboscis hooks are longest and in a perfect ring. (18) Sensory pore just posterior to basal hooks. (19) Anterior trunk of a male specimen showing anterior rings of spines and posterior ventral and lateral spines characteristic of this species. (20) A higher magnification of a trunk spine. (21) A gallium cut spine showing a middle dense core and a think spongy outer layer under the cuticle. (22) An example of micropores in the middle of trunk." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7753025" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7753025/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
|
||
). Proboscis receptacle about twice as long as proboscis, double-walled, about twice as long as proboscis with cephalic ganglion near its middle. Lemnisci digitiform, equal, uniformly broad throughout, usually slightly shorter than receptacle (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[995,1100,202,224]" captionStart="Figures 1–11" captionStartId="3.[168,233,1799,1818]" captionTargetBox="[191,1467,203,1771]" captionTargetId="figure-1@3.[191,1467,202,1772]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figures 1–11. Line drawings of whole mounted specimens of Rhadinorhynchus hiansi from Sarda orientalis collected off the southern Pacific coast of Vietnam at Nha Trang. (1) A young male specimen. (2) A young female specimen. (3) Detail of the reproductive system of the male specimen in Figure 1. (4) A posterior trunk spine. (5) The proboscis of a male specimen. (6, 7) Profiles of selected dorsal (6) and ventral (7) proboscis hooks from Figure 5 showing 5 types of hooks. Hook no. 1 (apical), no. 3 (largest), no. 15 (smaller mid-proboscis hook), no. 40 (larger hooks near posterior end), basal crown (longest). (8) Reproductive system of an 11 mm long female showing long uterus and the attachment of the simple uterine bell to the ventral wall of the trunk. (9) A larger magnification of the uterine bell. (10) Larger magnification of the vagina. (11) An egg." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7753021" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7753021/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Figs. 1, 2</figureCitation>
|
||
) but occasionally longer. Gonopore terminal in males and subterminal in females to various degrees (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[826,935,262,284]" captionStart="Figures 1–11" captionStartId="3.[168,233,1799,1818]" captionTargetBox="[191,1467,203,1771]" captionTargetId="figure-1@3.[191,1467,202,1772]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figures 1–11. Line drawings of whole mounted specimens of Rhadinorhynchus hiansi from Sarda orientalis collected off the southern Pacific coast of Vietnam at Nha Trang. (1) A young male specimen. (2) A young female specimen. (3) Detail of the reproductive system of the male specimen in Figure 1. (4) A posterior trunk spine. (5) The proboscis of a male specimen. (6, 7) Profiles of selected dorsal (6) and ventral (7) proboscis hooks from Figure 5 showing 5 types of hooks. Hook no. 1 (apical), no. 3 (largest), no. 15 (smaller mid-proboscis hook), no. 40 (larger hooks near posterior end), basal crown (longest). (8) Reproductive system of an 11 mm long female showing long uterus and the attachment of the simple uterine bell to the ventral wall of the trunk. (9) A larger magnification of the uterine bell. (10) Larger magnification of the vagina. (11) An egg." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7753021" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7753021/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Figs. 8, 10</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[947,974,262,284]" captionStart="Figures 23–28" captionStartId="6.[141,206,1819,1838]" captionTargetBox="[187,1419,202,1792]" captionTargetId="figure-1@6.[187,1419,202,1792]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figures 23–28. SEM of specimens from Sarda orientalis collected off the southern Pacific coast of Vietnam at Nha Trang. (23) Rounded posterior end of a female specimen showing the sub-ventral position of gonopore appearing as a lateral slit. (24) Eggs with rounded poles and prominent coarse surface. (25) The posterior end of a male specimen showing the terminal position of an invaginated bursa. (26) A lateral view of terminal bursa. (27) A face view of the thick bursa showing the distribution of sensory structures in an outer ring of clusters and inner rings of single units. (28) Higher magnification of a sensory cluster from the outer ring showing its organization and the elevated dome-shaped center of each unit. The organization of sensory structures of the bursa is species specific and is a useful diagnostic tool for species recognition." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7753031" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7753031/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">23</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="2.[818,1488,202,1437]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<emphasis box="[842,1417,292,313]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">
|
||
Males (based on
|
||
<specimenCount box="[1014,1103,292,313]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" type="adult">19 adults</specimenCount>
|
||
with sperm from
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1278,1404,292,313]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Scombridae" genus="Sarda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orientalis">S. orientalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Trunk 4.75–11.25 (7.04) mm long by 0.45–0.87 (0.58) mm wide at middle. See
|
||
<tableCitation box="[947,1023,350,372]" captionStart="Table I" captionStartId="7.[144,194,1519,1538]" captionTargetBox="[144,814,1602,1882]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Table I. Size and distribution of trunk spines of 19 male and 13 female specimens of Rhadinorhychus hiansi from Sarda orientalis in Vietnam." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D3AF665B477F234A65DBFA05FC8B1365" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" tableUuid="D3AF665B477F234A65DBFA05FC8B1365">Table I</tableCitation>
|
||
for position, distribution, and size of trunk spines. Proboscis 1.62–2.20 (1.88) long by 0.19–0.28 (0.23) mm wide anteriorly. See Table II for measurements of proboscis hooks and roots. Neck 312–520 (418) long dorsally by 250–302 (279) wide posteriorly. Proboscis receptacle 3.50–4.87 (3.86) mm long by 0.22–0.32 (0.26) mm wide. Lemnisci 2.30–4.37 (3.24) mm long by 0.06–0.21 (0.13) mm wide. Reproductive system in posterior-most third of trunk in contiguous structures with genitalia opening into bursa (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1132,1236,587,609]" captionStart="Figures 1–11" captionStartId="3.[168,233,1799,1818]" captionTargetBox="[191,1467,203,1771]" captionTargetId="figure-1@3.[191,1467,202,1772]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figures 1–11. Line drawings of whole mounted specimens of Rhadinorhynchus hiansi from Sarda orientalis collected off the southern Pacific coast of Vietnam at Nha Trang. (1) A young male specimen. (2) A young female specimen. (3) Detail of the reproductive system of the male specimen in Figure 1. (4) A posterior trunk spine. (5) The proboscis of a male specimen. (6, 7) Profiles of selected dorsal (6) and ventral (7) proboscis hooks from Figure 5 showing 5 types of hooks. Hook no. 1 (apical), no. 3 (largest), no. 15 (smaller mid-proboscis hook), no. 40 (larger hooks near posterior end), basal crown (longest). (8) Reproductive system of an 11 mm long female showing long uterus and the attachment of the simple uterine bell to the ventral wall of the trunk. (9) A larger magnification of the uterine bell. (10) Larger magnification of the vagina. (11) An egg." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7753021" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7753021/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Figs. 1, 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). Testes ovoid; anterior testis 0.57–1.25 (0.77) mm long by 0.21–0.50 (0.33) mm wide, larger than posterior testis 0.42–1.12 (0.63) mm long by 0.21–0.55 (0.33) wide. Cement glands 4, rod-shaped, in 2 contiguous pairs, longer posteriorly (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1019,1083,705,727]" captionStart="Figures 1–11" captionStartId="3.[168,233,1799,1818]" captionTargetBox="[191,1467,203,1771]" captionTargetId="figure-1@3.[191,1467,202,1772]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figures 1–11. Line drawings of whole mounted specimens of Rhadinorhynchus hiansi from Sarda orientalis collected off the southern Pacific coast of Vietnam at Nha Trang. (1) A young male specimen. (2) A young female specimen. (3) Detail of the reproductive system of the male specimen in Figure 1. (4) A posterior trunk spine. (5) The proboscis of a male specimen. (6, 7) Profiles of selected dorsal (6) and ventral (7) proboscis hooks from Figure 5 showing 5 types of hooks. Hook no. 1 (apical), no. 3 (largest), no. 15 (smaller mid-proboscis hook), no. 40 (larger hooks near posterior end), basal crown (longest). (8) Reproductive system of an 11 mm long female showing long uterus and the attachment of the simple uterine bell to the ventral wall of the trunk. (9) A larger magnification of the uterine bell. (10) Larger magnification of the vagina. (11) An egg." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7753021" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7753021/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). Anterior glands 0.36–1.04 (0.87) mm long by 0.34–0.56 (0.21) wide; posterior glands 0.94–1.92 (1.50) mm long by 0.16–0.21 (0.18) mm wide. Individual cement gland ducts surround prominent fusiform Saefftigen’s pouch, 312–832 (489) mm long by 146–281 (193) mm wide, anteriorly and joining its posterior duct at thick-walled bursa (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1239,1339,853,875]" captionStart="Figures 1–11" captionStartId="3.[168,233,1799,1818]" captionTargetBox="[191,1467,203,1771]" captionTargetId="figure-1@3.[191,1467,202,1772]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figures 1–11. Line drawings of whole mounted specimens of Rhadinorhynchus hiansi from Sarda orientalis collected off the southern Pacific coast of Vietnam at Nha Trang. (1) A young male specimen. (2) A young female specimen. (3) Detail of the reproductive system of the male specimen in Figure 1. (4) A posterior trunk spine. (5) The proboscis of a male specimen. (6, 7) Profiles of selected dorsal (6) and ventral (7) proboscis hooks from Figure 5 showing 5 types of hooks. Hook no. 1 (apical), no. 3 (largest), no. 15 (smaller mid-proboscis hook), no. 40 (larger hooks near posterior end), basal crown (longest). (8) Reproductive system of an 11 mm long female showing long uterus and the attachment of the simple uterine bell to the ventral wall of the trunk. (9) A larger magnification of the uterine bell. (10) Larger magnification of the vagina. (11) An egg." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7753021" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7753021/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Figs. 1, 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). Bursa thickwalled with many sensory papillae in inner rings and in outer clusters (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[910,1032,912,934]" captionStart="Figures 23–28" captionStartId="6.[141,206,1819,1838]" captionTargetBox="[187,1419,202,1792]" captionTargetId="figure-1@6.[187,1419,202,1792]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figures 23–28. SEM of specimens from Sarda orientalis collected off the southern Pacific coast of Vietnam at Nha Trang. (23) Rounded posterior end of a female specimen showing the sub-ventral position of gonopore appearing as a lateral slit. (24) Eggs with rounded poles and prominent coarse surface. (25) The posterior end of a male specimen showing the terminal position of an invaginated bursa. (26) A lateral view of terminal bursa. (27) A face view of the thick bursa showing the distribution of sensory structures in an outer ring of clusters and inner rings of single units. (28) Higher magnification of a sensory cluster from the outer ring showing its organization and the elevated dome-shaped center of each unit. The organization of sensory structures of the bursa is species specific and is a useful diagnostic tool for species recognition." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7753031" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7753031/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Figs. 26–28</figureCitation>
|
||
), 520 by
|
||
<quantity box="[1128,1191,912,934]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.2456" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" unit="in" value="364.0">364 in</quantity>
|
||
<specimenCount box="[1199,1316,912,934]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="2.[818,1488,202,1437]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">
|
||
Females (based on 13 mature females with eggs and ovarian balls from
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[874,1001,972,993]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Scombridae" genus="Sarda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orientalis">S. orientalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Trunk 10.50–24.75 (17.83) mm long by 0.42– 0.90 (0.61) mm wide at middle. See
|
||
<tableCitation box="[1251,1334,1001,1023]" captionStart="Table I" captionStartId="7.[144,194,1519,1538]" captionTargetBox="[144,814,1602,1882]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Table I. Size and distribution of trunk spines of 19 male and 13 female specimens of Rhadinorhychus hiansi from Sarda orientalis in Vietnam." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D3AF665B477F234A65DBFA05FC8B1365" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" tableUuid="D3AF665B477F234A65DBFA05FC8B1365">Table I</tableCitation>
|
||
for position, distribution and size of trunk spines. Proboscis 2.10–2.37 (2.30) mm long by 0.22–0.37 (0.27) mm wide anteriorly. See Table II for measurements of proboscis hooks and roots. Neck 416–520 (467) long dorsally by 250–322 (293) long by 109–300 (233) wide posteriorly. Neck 200–375 (315) long by 109–300 (233) wide posteriorly. Proboscis receptacle 3.00–5.75 (4.65) mm long by 0.20–0.32 (0.27) mm wide. Lemnisci 2.57–5.07 (3.74) mm long by 0.11–0.21 (0.13) wide. Reproductive system 2.60–6.12 (4.23) mm long (30% of trunk length: 25% in shortest worm and 29% in longest worm) (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[994,1062,1297,1319]" captionStart="Figures 1–11" captionStartId="3.[168,233,1799,1818]" captionTargetBox="[191,1467,203,1771]" captionTargetId="figure-1@3.[191,1467,202,1772]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figures 1–11. Line drawings of whole mounted specimens of Rhadinorhynchus hiansi from Sarda orientalis collected off the southern Pacific coast of Vietnam at Nha Trang. (1) A young male specimen. (2) A young female specimen. (3) Detail of the reproductive system of the male specimen in Figure 1. (4) A posterior trunk spine. (5) The proboscis of a male specimen. (6, 7) Profiles of selected dorsal (6) and ventral (7) proboscis hooks from Figure 5 showing 5 types of hooks. Hook no. 1 (apical), no. 3 (largest), no. 15 (smaller mid-proboscis hook), no. 40 (larger hooks near posterior end), basal crown (longest). (8) Reproductive system of an 11 mm long female showing long uterus and the attachment of the simple uterine bell to the ventral wall of the trunk. (9) A larger magnification of the uterine bell. (10) Larger magnification of the vagina. (11) An egg." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7753021" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7753021/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
), with well-defined subterminal vagina (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[826,911,1326,1348]" captionStart="Figures 1–11" captionStartId="3.[168,233,1799,1818]" captionTargetBox="[191,1467,203,1771]" captionTargetId="figure-1@3.[191,1467,202,1772]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figures 1–11. Line drawings of whole mounted specimens of Rhadinorhynchus hiansi from Sarda orientalis collected off the southern Pacific coast of Vietnam at Nha Trang. (1) A young male specimen. (2) A young female specimen. (3) Detail of the reproductive system of the male specimen in Figure 1. (4) A posterior trunk spine. (5) The proboscis of a male specimen. (6, 7) Profiles of selected dorsal (6) and ventral (7) proboscis hooks from Figure 5 showing 5 types of hooks. Hook no. 1 (apical), no. 3 (largest), no. 15 (smaller mid-proboscis hook), no. 40 (larger hooks near posterior end), basal crown (longest). (8) Reproductive system of an 11 mm long female showing long uterus and the attachment of the simple uterine bell to the ventral wall of the trunk. (9) A larger magnification of the uterine bell. (10) Larger magnification of the vagina. (11) An egg." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7753021" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7753021/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Figs. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[924,951,1326,1348]" captionStart="Figures 23–28" captionStartId="6.[141,206,1819,1838]" captionTargetBox="[187,1419,202,1792]" captionTargetId="figure-1@6.[187,1419,202,1792]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figures 23–28. SEM of specimens from Sarda orientalis collected off the southern Pacific coast of Vietnam at Nha Trang. (23) Rounded posterior end of a female specimen showing the sub-ventral position of gonopore appearing as a lateral slit. (24) Eggs with rounded poles and prominent coarse surface. (25) The posterior end of a male specimen showing the terminal position of an invaginated bursa. (26) A lateral view of terminal bursa. (27) A face view of the thick bursa showing the distribution of sensory structures in an outer ring of clusters and inner rings of single units. (28) Higher magnification of a sensory cluster from the outer ring showing its organization and the elevated dome-shaped center of each unit. The organization of sensory structures of the bursa is species specific and is a useful diagnostic tool for species recognition." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7753031" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7753031/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">23</figureCitation>
|
||
), very long uterus, small and elongated uterine bell with few cells (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[980,1083,1356,1378]" captionStart="Figures 1–11" captionStartId="3.[168,233,1799,1818]" captionTargetBox="[191,1467,203,1771]" captionTargetId="figure-1@3.[191,1467,202,1772]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figures 1–11. Line drawings of whole mounted specimens of Rhadinorhynchus hiansi from Sarda orientalis collected off the southern Pacific coast of Vietnam at Nha Trang. (1) A young male specimen. (2) A young female specimen. (3) Detail of the reproductive system of the male specimen in Figure 1. (4) A posterior trunk spine. (5) The proboscis of a male specimen. (6, 7) Profiles of selected dorsal (6) and ventral (7) proboscis hooks from Figure 5 showing 5 types of hooks. Hook no. 1 (apical), no. 3 (largest), no. 15 (smaller mid-proboscis hook), no. 40 (larger hooks near posterior end), basal crown (longest). (8) Reproductive system of an 11 mm long female showing long uterus and the attachment of the simple uterine bell to the ventral wall of the trunk. (9) A larger magnification of the uterine bell. (10) Larger magnification of the vagina. (11) An egg." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7753021" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7753021/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Figs. 8, 9</figureCitation>
|
||
). Eggs elliptic with thick coarse outer shell, without polar prolongation of fertilization membrane (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1–11" captionStartId="3.[168,233,1799,1818]" captionTargetBox="[191,1467,203,1771]" captionTargetId="figure-1@3.[191,1467,202,1772]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figures 1–11. Line drawings of whole mounted specimens of Rhadinorhynchus hiansi from Sarda orientalis collected off the southern Pacific coast of Vietnam at Nha Trang. (1) A young male specimen. (2) A young female specimen. (3) Detail of the reproductive system of the male specimen in Figure 1. (4) A posterior trunk spine. (5) The proboscis of a male specimen. (6, 7) Profiles of selected dorsal (6) and ventral (7) proboscis hooks from Figure 5 showing 5 types of hooks. Hook no. 1 (apical), no. 3 (largest), no. 15 (smaller mid-proboscis hook), no. 40 (larger hooks near posterior end), basal crown (longest). (8) Reproductive system of an 11 mm long female showing long uterus and the attachment of the simple uterine bell to the ventral wall of the trunk. (9) A larger magnification of the uterine bell. (10) Larger magnification of the vagina. (11) An egg." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7753021" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7753021/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Figs. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[857,884,1415,1437]" captionStart="Figures 23–28" captionStartId="6.[141,206,1819,1838]" captionTargetBox="[187,1419,202,1792]" captionTargetId="figure-1@6.[187,1419,202,1792]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figures 23–28. SEM of specimens from Sarda orientalis collected off the southern Pacific coast of Vietnam at Nha Trang. (23) Rounded posterior end of a female specimen showing the sub-ventral position of gonopore appearing as a lateral slit. (24) Eggs with rounded poles and prominent coarse surface. (25) The posterior end of a male specimen showing the terminal position of an invaginated bursa. (26) A lateral view of terminal bursa. (27) A face view of the thick bursa showing the distribution of sensory structures in an outer ring of clusters and inner rings of single units. (28) Higher magnification of a sensory cluster from the outer ring showing its organization and the elevated dome-shaped center of each unit. The organization of sensory structures of the bursa is species specific and is a useful diagnostic tool for species recognition." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7753031" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7753031/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">24</figureCitation>
|
||
), 37–62 (50) long by 15–23 (20) wide.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="2.[818,1057,1473,1495]" box="[818,1057,1473,1495]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<heading bold="true" box="[818,1057,1473,1495]" fontSize="9" level="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" reason="9">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[818,1057,1473,1495]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Taxonomic summary</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="2.[818,1488,1519,1956]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<emphasis box="[842,952,1520,1541]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<typeStatus box="[842,892,1520,1541]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
host:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Flat needlefish
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Valenciennes" authorityName="Valenciennes" box="[1123,1416,1519,1541]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Belonidae" genus="Ablennes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beloniformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hians">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1123,1274,1520,1541]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Ablennes hians</emphasis>
|
||
Valenciennes
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Belonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beloniformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Belonidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="2.[818,1488,1519,1956]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<emphasis box="[842,972,1579,1600]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Other hosts:</emphasis>
|
||
Striped bonito
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Temminck and Schlegel" authorityName="Temminck and Schlegel" class="Actinopterygii" family="Scombridae" genus="Sarda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orientalis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1150,1315,1579,1600]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Sarda orientalis</emphasis>
|
||
Temminck and Schlegel
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[916,1042,1608,1630]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Scombridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Scombridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
); this paper.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="58" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="2.[818,1488,1519,1956]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<materialsCitation country="India" latitude="8.4875" location="Trivandrum" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="76.9525" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kerala" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis box="[842,1001,1638,1659]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Type locality:</emphasis>
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0F7987C5477A234465C0FE23FEEF11ED:820F6008477A234F66B0F98CFB191303" box="[1019,1154,1638,1660]" country="India" latitude="8.4875" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="76.9525" name="Trivandrum" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" stateProvince="Kerala">Trivandrum</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[1175,1252,1638,1660]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Kerala</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1274,1331,1638,1660]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[1356,1484,1634,1660]" degrees="08" direction="north" minutes="29" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" precision="15" seconds="15" value="8.4875">
|
||
08°29
|
||
<emphasis box="[1418,1423,1634,1649]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<superScript attach="right" box="[1418,1423,1634,1649]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">′</superScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
15
|
||
<emphasis box="[1451,1459,1634,1649]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<superScript attach="right" box="[1451,1459,1634,1649]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">′′</superScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
N
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[818,923,1664,1690]" degrees="76" direction="east" minutes="57" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" precision="15" seconds="9" value="76.9525">
|
||
76°57
|
||
<emphasis box="[875,880,1664,1679]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<superScript attach="none" box="[875,880,1664,1679]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">′</superScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
9
|
||
<emphasis box="[895,903,1664,1679]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<superScript attach="right" box="[895,903,1664,1679]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">′′</superScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
E
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="2.[818,1488,1519,1956]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<emphasis box="[842,1010,1698,1719]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Other localities:</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation collectionCode="HWML" country="Vietnam" latitude="12.25" location="Nha Trang" longLatPrecision="1293" longitude="109.183334" municipality="Nha Trang" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="allotype">
|
||
Southern Pacific coast of
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1310,1397,1697,1719]" name="Vietnam" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
at
|
||
<collectingMunicipality pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Nha Trang</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[905,992,1723,1749]" degrees="12" direction="north" minutes="15" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" precision="925" value="12.25">
|
||
12°15
|
||
<emphasis box="[964,969,1723,1738]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<superScript attach="right" box="[964,969,1723,1738]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">′</superScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
N
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[1012,1107,1723,1749]" degrees="109" direction="east" minutes="11" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" precision="925" value="109.183334">
|
||
109°11
|
||
<emphasis box="[1082,1087,1723,1738]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<superScript attach="right" box="[1082,1087,1723,1738]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">′</superScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
E
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation collectionCode="HWML" country="Vietnam" latitude="12.25" location="Vietnam" longLatPrecision="1293" longitude="109.183334" municipality="Nha Trang" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" specimenCode="139894" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="allotype">
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1135,1225,1727,1749]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Allotype</typeStatus>
|
||
<specimenCount box="[1241,1309,1727,1749]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" type="female">female</specimenCount>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1393,1485,1727,1749]" name="Vietnam" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectionCode box="[818,901,1756,1778]" collectionName="HWML" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/jbwg-23em" name="Howard W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">HWML</collectionCode>
|
||
collection no.
|
||
<specimenCode box="[1056,1131,1756,1778]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">139894</specimenCode>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="2.[818,1488,1519,1956]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<emphasis box="[842,955,1787,1808]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Specimens:</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation collectionCode="HWML" collectorName="Z. S. I. Reg. No." county="Bhattacharya" location="GenBank" municipality="Rhhi" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" specimenCode="139895" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<collectionCode box="[963,1046,1786,1808]" collectionName="HWML" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/jbwg-23em" name="Howard W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">HWML</collectionCode>
|
||
collection no.
|
||
<specimenCode box="[1204,1276,1786,1808]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">139895</specimenCode>
|
||
(voucher males and females).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation collectionCode="HWML" collectorName="Z. S. I. Reg." county="Bhattacharya" municipality="Rhhi" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" specimenCode="MN203133, MN203135, MN203136, MN203138" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
GenBank accession nos:
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[1208,1345,1816,1838]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Rhhi18S1-S3</accessionNumber>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCode box="[1364,1481,1816,1838]" collectionCode="MN" country="Brazil" name="Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">MN203133</specimenCode>
|
||
-
|
||
<specimenCode box="[818,936,1845,1867]" collectionCode="MN" country="Brazil" name="Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">MN203135</specimenCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[951,1082,1845,1867]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">RhhiCOI1-3</accessionNumber>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCode box="[1106,1221,1845,1867]" collectionCode="MN" country="Brazil" name="Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">MN203136</specimenCode>
|
||
-
|
||
<specimenCode box="[1250,1369,1845,1867]" collectionCode="MN" country="Brazil" name="Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">MN203138</specimenCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName box="[1383,1488,1845,1867]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Z.S.I.Reg.</collectorName>
|
||
No. WN 360/1 (
|
||
<typeStatus box="[989,1080,1875,1897]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
<specimenCount box="[1088,1137,1875,1897]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" type="male">male</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation collectionCode="HWML" collectorName="Z. S. I. Reg. No." county="Bhattacharya" location="Trivandrum" municipality="Rhhi" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" specimenCode="139895" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1192,1282,1875,1897]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
<specimenCount box="[1290,1339,1875,1897]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" type="male">male</specimenCount>
|
||
on same slide from
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Valenciennes" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[879,1032,1905,1926]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Scombridae" genus="Albennes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hians">
|
||
<emphasis box="[879,1032,1905,1926]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Albennes hians</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0F7987C5477A234465C0FE23FEEF11ED:820F6008477A234F617AF89AFB3512F9" box="[1073,1198,1904,1926]" county="Bhattacharya" municipality="Rhhi" name="Trivandrum" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Trivandrum</location>
|
||
) (Soota and Bhattacharya, 1981).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7753021" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7753021" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7753021/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" startId="3.[168,233,1799,1818]" targetBox="[191,1467,203,1771]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[144,1515,1799,1937]" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[168,287,1799,1818]" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">Figures 1–11.</emphasis>
|
||
Line drawings of whole mounted specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Soota and Bhattacharya" authorityYear="1981" box="[733,943,1799,1818]" class="Palaeacanthocephala" family="Rhadinorhynchidae" genus="Rhadinorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinorhynchida" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" phylum="Acanthocephala" rank="species" species="hiansi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[733,943,1799,1818]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">Rhadinorhynchus hiansi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[998,1138,1799,1818]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Scombridae" genus="Sarda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orientalis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[998,1138,1799,1818]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">Sarda orientalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
collected off the southern Pacific coast of Vietnam at Nha Trang. (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[367,378,1823,1842]" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">1</emphasis>
|
||
) A young male specimen. (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[622,633,1823,1842]" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">2</emphasis>
|
||
) A young female specimen. (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[892,903,1823,1842]" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">3</emphasis>
|
||
) Detail of the reproductive system of the male specimen in Figure 1. (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,162,1847,1866]" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">4</emphasis>
|
||
) A posterior trunk spine. (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[412,423,1847,1866]" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">5</emphasis>
|
||
) The proboscis of a male specimen. (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[768,802,1847,1866]" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">6, 7</emphasis>
|
||
) Profiles of selected dorsal (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1063,1074,1847,1866]" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">6</emphasis>
|
||
) and ventral (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1206,1217,1847,1866]" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">7</emphasis>
|
||
) proboscis hooks from Figure 5 showing 5 types of hooks. Hook no. 1 (apical), no. 3 (largest), no. 15 (smaller mid-proboscis hook), no. 40 (larger hooks near posterior end), basal crown (longest). (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[241,252,1894,1913]" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">8</emphasis>
|
||
) Reproductive system of an 11 mm long female showing long uterus and the attachment of the simple uterine bell to the ventral wall of the trunk. (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[215,226,1918,1937]" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">9</emphasis>
|
||
) A larger magnification of the uterine bell. (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[636,657,1918,1937]" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">10</emphasis>
|
||
) Larger magnification of the vagina. (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1012,1033,1918,1937]" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">11</emphasis>
|
||
) An egg.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7753023" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7753023" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7753023/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" startId="4.[141,206,1817,1836]" targetBox="[216,1388,202,1790]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[117,1488,1817,1908]" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[141,273,1817,1836]" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">Figures 12–16.</emphasis>
|
||
SEM of specimens from
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[525,668,1817,1836]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Scombridae" genus="Sarda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orientalis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[525,668,1817,1836]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">Sarda orientalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
collected off the southern Pacific coast of Vietnam at Nha Trang. (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1299,1320,1817,1836]" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">12</emphasis>
|
||
) A fully extended proboscis of a male specimen. (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[404,425,1841,1860]" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">13</emphasis>
|
||
) An apical view of the proboscis of specimen in Figure 12 showing the smaller apical hooks and the arrangement of hook rows. (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[232,253,1865,1884]" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">14</emphasis>
|
||
) A gallium cut hook showing the thin cortical layer and the dense prominent core. (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1018,1039,1865,1884]" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">15</emphasis>
|
||
) A view of hooks at mid-proboscis showing their shape, external texture, and orientation. (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[498,519,1889,1908]" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">16</emphasis>
|
||
) A higher magnification of a hook showing detail of its external striations. All hooks are striated.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7753025" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7753025" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7753025/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="61" startId="5.[168,233,1819,1838]" targetBox="[213,1446,202,1792]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[144,1515,1819,1910]" pageId="5" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[168,299,1819,1838]" pageId="5" pageNumber="61">Figures 17–22.</emphasis>
|
||
SEM of specimens from
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[546,688,1819,1838]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Scombridae" genus="Sarda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orientalis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[546,688,1819,1838]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="61">Sarda orientalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
collected off the southern Pacific coast of Vietnam at Nha Trang. (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1304,1325,1819,1838]" pageId="5" pageNumber="61">17</emphasis>
|
||
) Posterior proboscis hooks are longest and in a perfect ring. (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[508,529,1843,1862]" pageId="5" pageNumber="61">18</emphasis>
|
||
) Sensory pore just posterior to basal hooks. (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[939,960,1843,1862]" pageId="5" pageNumber="61">19</emphasis>
|
||
) Anterior trunk of a male specimen showing anterior rings of spines and posterior ventral and lateral spines characteristic of this species. (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[862,883,1867,1886]" pageId="5" pageNumber="61">20</emphasis>
|
||
) A higher magnification of a trunk spine. (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1294,1315,1867,1886]" pageId="5" pageNumber="61">21</emphasis>
|
||
) A gallium cut spine showing a middle dense core and a think spongy outer layer under the cuticle. (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[880,901,1891,1910]" pageId="5" pageNumber="61">22</emphasis>
|
||
) An example of micropores in the middle of trunk.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7753031" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7753031" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7753031/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="62" startId="6.[141,206,1819,1838]" targetBox="[187,1419,202,1792]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[117,1488,1819,1957]" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[141,272,1819,1838]" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">Figures 23–28.</emphasis>
|
||
SEM of specimens from
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[520,662,1819,1838]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Scombridae" genus="Sarda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orientalis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[520,662,1819,1838]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">Sarda orientalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
collected off the southern Pacific coast of Vietnam at Nha Trang. (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1281,1302,1819,1838]" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">23</emphasis>
|
||
) Rounded posterior end of a female specimen showing the sub-ventral position of gonopore appearing as a lateral slit. (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1023,1044,1843,1862]" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">24</emphasis>
|
||
) Eggs with rounded poles and prominent coarse surface. (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[200,221,1867,1886]" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">25</emphasis>
|
||
) The posterior end of a male specimen showing the terminal position of an invaginated bursa. (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1093,1114,1867,1886]" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">26</emphasis>
|
||
) A lateral view of terminal bursa. (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1437,1458,1867,1886]" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">27</emphasis>
|
||
) A face view of the thick bursa showing the distribution of sensory structures in an outer ring of clusters and inner rings of single units. (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1388,1409,1891,1910]" pageId="6" pageNumber="62">28</emphasis>
|
||
) Higher magnification of a sensory cluster from the outer ring showing its organization and the elevated dome-shaped center of each unit. The organization of sensory structures of the bursa is species specific and is a useful diagnostic tool for species recognition.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7753035" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7753035" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7753035/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="63" startId="7.[168,225,1102,1121]" targetBox="[144,820,202,1088]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[144,814,1102,1217]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[168,260,1102,1121]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">Figure 29.</emphasis>
|
||
Energy dispersive X-ray spectrum of the base center of a gallium cut large anterior hook of a
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Soota and Bhattacharya" authorityYear="1981" box="[506,721,1127,1146]" class="Palaeacanthocephala" family="Rhadinorhynchidae" genus="Rhadinorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinorhynchida" pageId="7" pageNumber="63" phylum="Acanthocephala" rank="species" species="hiansi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[506,721,1127,1146]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">Rhadinorhynchus hiansi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimen showing high levels of calcium and phosphorus. The x-ray data are the elemental analysis of the hook base (see boldfaced figures in Table III). Insert: SEM of a cross and lateral longitudinal gallium cut hook.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7753037" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7753037" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7753037/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="63" startId="7.[869,926,1096,1115]" targetBox="[836,1515,202,1082]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[845,1515,1096,1210]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[869,959,1096,1115]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">Figure 30.</emphasis>
|
||
Energy dispersive X-ray spectrum of the tip of a gallium cut small base hook of a
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Soota and Bhattacharya" authorityYear="1981" box="[1037,1247,1120,1139]" class="Palaeacanthocephala" family="Rhadinorhynchidae" genus="Rhadinorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinorhynchida" pageId="7" pageNumber="63" phylum="Acanthocephala" rank="species" species="hiansi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1037,1247,1120,1139]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">Rhadinorhynchus hiansi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimen showing high levels of sulfur. The x-ray data are the elemental analysis of the hook tip (see boldfaced figures in Table IV). Insert: SEM of a cross and lateral longitudinal gallium cut hook.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="7" pageNumber="63" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[144,244,1282,1304]" box="[144,244,1282,1304]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<heading bold="true" box="[144,244,1282,1304]" fontSize="9" level="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="63" reason="9">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[144,244,1282,1304]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[144,814,1334,1455]" lastBlockId="7.[845,1515,1282,1698]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">
|
||
The collection of a large number of specimens from
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[792,814,1334,1355]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<emphasis box="[792,814,1334,1355]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">S.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis box="[144,239,1367,1388]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">orientalis</emphasis>
|
||
along the Pacific coast of
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[573,662,1367,1389]" name="Vietnam" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
provided an opportunity to fully describe males and females of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Soota and Bhattacharya" authorityYear="1981" box="[718,813,1400,1421]" class="Palaeacanthocephala" family="Rhadinorhynchidae" genus="Rhadinorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinorhynchida" pageId="7" pageNumber="63" phylum="Acanthocephala" rank="species" species="hiansi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[718,813,1400,1421]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">R. hiansi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for the first time. The description of
|
||
<specimenCount box="[567,650,1433,1455]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
|
||
by Soota and Bhattacharya (1981) did not include complete text and/or illustrations information on the proboscis receptacle, trunk spines, neck, lemnisci, or cement glands and made no reference to hook roots or Saefftigen’s pouch. The range of measurements was limited by the number of specimens that they examined (2). Irrespective, it appears that their specimens had smaller trunks (8.8–10.00 mm long) and somewhat longer proboscides (
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.225" metricValueMax="2.25" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="7" pageNumber="63" unit="mm" value="2.225" valueMax="2.25" valueMin="2.2">2.2–2.25 mm</quantity>
|
||
long). Their specimens had shorter lemnisci (
|
||
<quantity box="[1388,1515,1494,1516]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.55" metricValueMax="2.6" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="63" unit="mm" value="2.55" valueMax="2.6" valueMin="2.5">2.5–2.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
long), anterior testis (470–490 long), and posterior testis (440– 460 long). Soota and Bhattacharya (1981) also indicated the length of the thinner dorsal and the thicker ventral hooks as 33– 66 and 33–55 long, respectively. Our specimens were, however, readily recognizable as
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Soota & Bhattacharya" authorityYear="1981" box="[1104,1199,1646,1667]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Scombridae" genus="Rhadinorhychus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hiansi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1104,1199,1646,1667]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">R. hiansi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and are fully described and illustrated.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-Table-UUID="D3AF665B477F234A65DBFA05FC8B1365" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D3AF665B477F234A65DBFA05FC8B1365" pageId="7" pageNumber="63" startId="7.[144,194,1519,1538]" targetBox="[144,814,1602,1882]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[144,813,1519,1562]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[144,217,1519,1538]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">Table I.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation country="Vietnam" location="Vietnam" pageId="7" pageNumber="63" specimenCount="32" specimenCount-female="13" specimenCount-male="19">
|
||
Size and distribution of trunk spines of
|
||
<specimenCount box="[602,674,1519,1538]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63" type="male">19 male</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount box="[725,813,1519,1538]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63" type="female">13 female</specimenCount>
|
||
specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Soota & Bhattacharya" authorityYear="1981" box="[268,469,1543,1562]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Scombridae" genus="Rhadinorhychus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hiansi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[268,469,1543,1562]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">Rhadinorhychus hiansi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[527,669,1543,1562]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Scombridae" genus="Sarda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orientalis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[527,669,1543,1562]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">Sarda orientalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[700,780,1543,1562]" name="Vietnam" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<table box="[144,814,1602,1882]" gridcols="5" gridrows="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<tr box="[144,814,1602,1621]" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<th box="[144,419,1602,1621]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">Anterior trunk spines</th>
|
||
<th box="[438,814,1602,1621]" colspan="3" colspanRight="2" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">Posterior trunk spines</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[144,814,1650,1669]" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<th box="[144,288,1650,1669]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">Dorsal</th>
|
||
<td box="[307,419,1650,1669]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">Ventral</td>
|
||
<td box="[438,550,1650,1669]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">Across</td>
|
||
<td box="[569,681,1650,1669]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">Ventral</td>
|
||
<td box="[701,814,1650,1669]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">Lateral</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[144,814,1709,1728]" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<th box="[144,814,1709,1728]" colspan="5" colspanRight="4" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">Males</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[144,814,1741,1787]" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<th box="[144,288,1741,1787]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">0–3 (1.1)* 31–62 (47.3)*</th>
|
||
<td box="[307,419,1741,1787]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">0–4 (2.5) 31–62 (47.3)</td>
|
||
<td box="[438,550,1741,1787]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">2–5 (3.0) 31–62 (47.3)</td>
|
||
<td box="[569,681,1741,1787]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">2–7 (5.0) 42–73 (61.5)</td>
|
||
<td box="[701,814,1741,1787]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">0–12 (5.0) 35–52 (43.8)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[144,814,1805,1824]" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<th box="[144,814,1805,1824]" colspan="5" colspanRight="4" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">Females</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[144,814,1837,1882]" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<th box="[144,288,1837,1882]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">0–4 (1.6) 52–73 (62.3)</th>
|
||
<td box="[307,419,1837,1882]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">1–4 (2.6) 52–73 (62.3)</td>
|
||
<td box="[438,550,1837,1882]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">0–5 (3.5) 52–73 (62.3)</td>
|
||
<td box="[569,681,1837,1882]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">5–9 (6.7) 62–84 (71.1)</td>
|
||
<td box="[701,814,1837,1882]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">0–11 (4.3) 52n73 (64.4)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[845,1226,1735,1757]" box="[845,1226,1735,1757]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<heading bold="true" box="[845,1226,1735,1757]" fontSize="9" level="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="63" reason="9">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[845,1226,1735,1757]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[845,1515,1783,1956]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">
|
||
The results of large and small gallium (Ga) cut hooks and trunk spines are given in Tables III–V and represented by
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart-0="Figure 29" captionStart-1="Figure 30" captionStart-2="Figure 31" captionStartId-0="7.[168,225,1102,1121]" captionStartId-1="7.[869,926,1096,1115]" captionStartId-2="8.[141,198,1098,1117]" captionTargetBox-0="[144,820,202,1088]" captionTargetBox-1="[836,1515,202,1082]" captionTargetBox-2="[117,788,202,1071]" captionTargetId-0="figure-221@7.[144,815,202,1075]" captionTargetId-1="figure-280@7.[846,1515,202,1069]" captionTargetId-2="figure-185@8.[117,788,202,1071]" captionTargetPageId-0="7" captionTargetPageId-1="7" captionTargetPageId-2="8" captionText-0="Figure 29. Energy dispersive X-ray spectrum of the base center of a gallium cut large anterior hook of a Rhadinorhynchus hiansi specimen showing high levels of calcium and phosphorus. The x-ray data are the elemental analysis of the hook base (see boldfaced figures in Table III). Insert: SEM of a cross and lateral longitudinal gallium cut hook." captionText-1="Figure 30. Energy dispersive X-ray spectrum of the tip of a gallium cut small base hook of a Rhadinorhynchus hiansi specimen showing high levels of sulfur. The x-ray data are the elemental analysis of the hook tip (see boldfaced figures in Table IV). Insert: SEM of a cross and lateral longitudinal gallium cut hook." captionText-2="Figure 31. Energy dispersive X-ray spectrum of a gallium cut trunk spine of a Rhadinorhynchus hiansi specimen showing high levels of sulfur. The x-ray data are the elemental analysis of the center of the spine; see boldfaced numbers in Table V. Insert: SEM of a lateral longitudinal cut spine." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7753035" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7753037" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7753039" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7753035/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7753037/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/7753039/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">Figures 29– 31</figureCitation>
|
||
. The elements necessary for the mineralization and hardening of the hooks and spines especially calcium and phosphorus are present with sulfur, especially highest in small hooks and trunk spines.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<footnote pageId="7" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[144,814,1911,1954]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<tableNote pageId="7" pageNumber="63" targetBox="[144,814,1602,1882]" targetPageId="7">* Range of number of spines on 1 side of worms (mean); range and mean of spine length in micrometers.</tableNote>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</footnote>
|
||
<caption ID-Table-UUID="D3AF665B47702345661AFCEBF7E5166B" box="[849,2174,769,789]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D3AF665B47702345661AFCEBF7E5166B" pageId="8" pageNumber="64" startId="8.[849,899,769,788]" targetBox="[849,2598,828,1332]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[849,2174,769,789]" box="[849,2174,769,789]" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[849,928,769,788]" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">Table II.</emphasis>
|
||
Size of selected proboscis hooks and hook roots of 4 males and 4 females of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Soota and Bhattacharya" authorityYear="1981" box="[1647,1857,770,789]" class="Palaeacanthocephala" family="Rhadinorhynchidae" genus="Rhadinorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinorhynchida" pageId="8" pageNumber="64" phylum="Acanthocephala" rank="species" species="hiansi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1647,1857,770,789]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">Rhadinorhynchus hiansi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1916,2058,770,789]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Scombridae" genus="Sarda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orientalis">Sarda orientalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Vietnam.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<table box="[849,2598,828,1332]" gridcols="13" gridrows="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<tr box="[849,2598,828,847]" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="64" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-11="1" rowspan-12="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1">
|
||
<th box="[1271,1512,828,847]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">Males</th>
|
||
<th box="[2095,2327,828,847]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="9" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">Females</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[849,2598,876,895]" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="64" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-12="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-9="1">
|
||
<td box="[1124,1230,876,895]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">Dorsal</td>
|
||
<td box="[1553,1649,876,895]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">Ventral</td>
|
||
<td box="[1960,2056,876,895]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">Dorsal</td>
|
||
<td box="[2367,2463,876,895]" gridcol="11" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">Ventral</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[849,2598,924,956]" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="64" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td box="[978,1230,924,956]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">Hooks</td>
|
||
<td box="[1271,1376,924,956]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">Roots</td>
|
||
<td box="[1417,1649,924,956]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">Hooks</td>
|
||
<td box="[1689,1784,924,956]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">Roots</td>
|
||
<td box="[1824,2056,924,956]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">Hooks</td>
|
||
<td box="[2095,2191,924,956]" gridcol="9" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">Roots</td>
|
||
<td box="[2231,2463,924,956]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="10" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">Hooks</td>
|
||
<td box="[2503,2598,924,956]" gridcol="12" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">Roots</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[849,2598,972,991]" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<th box="[849,939,972,991]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">Hook no.</th>
|
||
<td box="[978,1084,972,991]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">Length</td>
|
||
<td box="[1124,1230,972,991]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">Width</td>
|
||
<td box="[1271,1376,972,991]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">Length</td>
|
||
<td box="[1417,1512,972,991]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">Length</td>
|
||
<td box="[1553,1649,972,991]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">Width</td>
|
||
<td box="[1689,1784,972,991]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">Length</td>
|
||
<td box="[1824,1920,972,991]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">Length</td>
|
||
<td box="[1960,2056,972,991]" gridcol="8" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">Width</td>
|
||
<td box="[2095,2191,972,991]" gridcol="9" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">Length</td>
|
||
<td box="[2231,2327,972,991]" gridcol="10" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">Length</td>
|
||
<td box="[2367,2463,972,991]" gridcol="11" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">Width</td>
|
||
<td box="[2503,2598,972,991]" gridcol="12" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">Length</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[849,2598,1021,1040]" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<th box="[849,939,1021,1040]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">1</th>
|
||
<td box="[978,1084,1021,1040]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">32–45 (40)*</td>
|
||
<td box="[1124,1230,1021,1040]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">9–13 (11)*</td>
|
||
<td box="[1271,1376,1021,1040]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">30–45 (35)*</td>
|
||
<td box="[1417,1512,1021,1040]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">32–47 (39)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1553,1649,1021,1040]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">9–14 (12)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1689,1784,1021,1040]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">25–42 (32)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1824,1920,1021,1040]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">48–57 (51)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1960,2056,1021,1040]" gridcol="8" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">10–11 (11)</td>
|
||
<td box="[2095,2191,1021,1040]" gridcol="9" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">30–38 (35)</td>
|
||
<td box="[2231,2327,1021,1040]" gridcol="10" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">42–50 (47)</td>
|
||
<td box="[2367,2463,1021,1040]" gridcol="11" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">11–14 (13)</td>
|
||
<td box="[2503,2598,1021,1040]" gridcol="12" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">35–37 (36)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[849,2598,1048,1067]" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<th box="[849,939,1048,1067]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">3, 4</th>
|
||
<td box="[978,1084,1048,1067]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">57–65 (61)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1124,1230,1048,1067]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">17–22 (19)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1271,1376,1048,1067]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">47–52 (50)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1417,1512,1048,1067]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">55–60 (58)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1553,1649,1048,1067]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">20–23 (22)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1689,1784,1048,1067]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">42–57 (49)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1824,1920,1048,1067]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">72–77 (75)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1960,2056,1048,1067]" gridcol="8" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">22–27 (25)</td>
|
||
<td box="[2095,2191,1048,1067]" gridcol="9" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">60–70 (66)</td>
|
||
<td box="[2231,2327,1048,1067]" gridcol="10" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">62–72 (66)</td>
|
||
<td box="[2367,2463,1048,1067]" gridcol="11" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">22–25 (24)</td>
|
||
<td box="[2503,2598,1048,1067]" gridcol="12" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">57–60 (58)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[849,2598,1074,1093]" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<th box="[849,939,1074,1093]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">5</th>
|
||
<td box="[978,1084,1074,1093]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">52–60 (55)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1124,1230,1074,1093]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">13–18 (15)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1271,1376,1074,1093]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">37–52 (44)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1417,1512,1074,1093]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">40–47 (43)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1553,1649,1074,1093]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">15–20 (18)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1689,1784,1074,1093]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">37–47 (42)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1824,1920,1074,1093]" gridcol="7" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">62–67 (65)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1960,2056,1074,1093]" gridcol="8" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">15–20 (18)</td>
|
||
<td box="[2095,2191,1074,1093]" gridcol="9" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">42–51 (48)</td>
|
||
<td box="[2231,2327,1074,1093]" gridcol="10" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">59–62 (60)</td>
|
||
<td box="[2367,2463,1074,1093]" gridcol="11" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">20–23 (22)</td>
|
||
<td box="[2503,2598,1074,1093]" gridcol="12" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">52–55 (53)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[849,2598,1101,1120]" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<th box="[849,939,1101,1120]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">10</th>
|
||
<td box="[978,1084,1101,1120]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">50–55 (53)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1124,1230,1101,1120]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">10–14 (12)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1271,1376,1101,1120]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">30–43 (36)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1417,1512,1101,1120]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">38–50 (45)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1553,1649,1101,1120]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">14–18 (16)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1689,1784,1101,1120]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">34–45 (39)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1824,1920,1101,1120]" gridcol="7" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">62–64 (63)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1960,2056,1101,1120]" gridcol="8" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">13–15 (14)</td>
|
||
<td box="[2095,2191,1101,1120]" gridcol="9" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">37–40 (39)</td>
|
||
<td box="[2231,2327,1101,1120]" gridcol="10" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">52–57 (55)</td>
|
||
<td box="[2367,2463,1101,1120]" gridcol="11" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">18–22 (20)</td>
|
||
<td box="[2503,2598,1101,1120]" gridcol="12" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">42–50 (46)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[849,2598,1127,1146]" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<th box="[849,939,1127,1146]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">15</th>
|
||
<td box="[978,1084,1127,1146]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">42–52 (48)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1124,1230,1127,1146]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">10–12 (11)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1271,1376,1127,1146]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">27–37 (31)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1417,1512,1127,1146]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">42–50 (46)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1553,1649,1127,1146]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">14–15 (15)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1689,1784,1127,1146]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">35–40 (37)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1824,1920,1127,1146]" gridcol="7" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">55–62 (57)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1960,2056,1127,1146]" gridcol="8" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">11–13 (12)</td>
|
||
<td box="[2095,2191,1127,1146]" gridcol="9" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">32–35 (34)</td>
|
||
<td box="[2231,2327,1127,1146]" gridcol="10" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">52–57 (55)</td>
|
||
<td box="[2367,2463,1127,1146]" gridcol="11" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">17–20 (18)</td>
|
||
<td box="[2503,2598,1127,1146]" gridcol="12" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">42–44 (43)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[849,2598,1154,1173]" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<th box="[849,939,1154,1173]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">20</th>
|
||
<td box="[978,1084,1154,1173]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">37–50 (44)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1124,1230,1154,1173]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">10–12 (10)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1271,1376,1154,1173]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">27–32 (30)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1417,1512,1154,1173]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">38–45 (41)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1553,1649,1154,1173]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">12–15 (14)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1689,1784,1154,1173]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">30–37 (34)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1824,1920,1154,1173]" gridcol="7" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">52–55 (54)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1960,2056,1154,1173]" gridcol="8" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">10–11 (11)</td>
|
||
<td box="[2095,2191,1154,1173]" gridcol="9" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">31–35 (33)</td>
|
||
<td box="[2231,2327,1154,1173]" gridcol="10" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">45–56 (52)</td>
|
||
<td box="[2367,2463,1154,1173]" gridcol="11" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">15–18 (16)</td>
|
||
<td box="[2503,2598,1154,1173]" gridcol="12" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">42–45 (43)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[849,2598,1180,1199]" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<th box="[849,939,1180,1199]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">25</th>
|
||
<td box="[978,1084,1180,1199]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">35–42 (38)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1124,1230,1180,1199]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">10–11 (10)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1271,1376,1180,1199]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">27–30 (28)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1417,1512,1180,1199]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">35–40 (38)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1553,1649,1180,1199]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">10–13 (12)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1689,1784,1180,1199]" gridcol="6" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">58–32 (30)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1824,1920,1180,1199]" gridcol="7" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">37–50 (44)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1960,2056,1180,1199]" gridcol="8" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">10–11 (10)</td>
|
||
<td box="[2095,2191,1180,1199]" gridcol="9" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">32–35 (33)</td>
|
||
<td box="[2231,2327,1180,1199]" gridcol="10" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">42–50 (46)</td>
|
||
<td box="[2367,2463,1180,1199]" gridcol="11" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">14–15 (15)</td>
|
||
<td box="[2503,2598,1180,1199]" gridcol="12" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">37–39 (38)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[849,2598,1207,1226]" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<th box="[849,939,1207,1226]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">30</th>
|
||
<td box="[978,1084,1207,1226]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">35–37 (36)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1124,1230,1207,1226]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">9–10 (10)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1271,1376,1207,1226]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">25–30 (27)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1417,1512,1207,1226]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">35–40 (37)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1553,1649,1207,1226]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">10–13 (11)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1689,1784,1207,1226]" gridcol="6" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">27–31 (30)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1824,1920,1207,1226]" gridcol="7" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">40–41 (40)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1960,2056,1207,1226]" gridcol="8" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">10–11 (10)</td>
|
||
<td box="[2095,2191,1207,1226]" gridcol="9" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">28–32 (30)</td>
|
||
<td box="[2231,2327,1207,1226]" gridcol="10" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">42–45 (43)</td>
|
||
<td box="[2367,2463,1207,1226]" gridcol="11" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">13–15 (14)</td>
|
||
<td box="[2503,2598,1207,1226]" gridcol="12" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">37–40 (38)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[849,2598,1234,1253]" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<th box="[849,939,1234,1253]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">35</th>
|
||
<td box="[978,1084,1234,1253]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">30–35 (33)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1124,1230,1234,1253]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">7–10 (8)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1271,1376,1234,1253]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">21–25 (23)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1417,1512,1234,1253]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">31–42 (36)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1553,1649,1234,1253]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">10–15 (12)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1689,1784,1234,1253]" gridcol="6" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">28–30 (29)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1824,1920,1234,1253]" gridcol="7" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">40–42 (41)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1960,2056,1234,1253]" gridcol="8" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">9–10 (9)</td>
|
||
<td box="[2095,2191,1234,1253]" gridcol="9" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">27–30 (29)</td>
|
||
<td box="[2231,2327,1234,1253]" gridcol="10" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">35–45 (39)</td>
|
||
<td box="[2367,2463,1234,1253]" gridcol="11" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">12–15 (13)</td>
|
||
<td box="[2503,2598,1234,1253]" gridcol="12" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">32–35 (34)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[849,2598,1260,1279]" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<th box="[849,939,1260,1279]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">40</th>
|
||
<td box="[978,1084,1260,1279]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">40–50 (43)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1124,1230,1260,1279]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">9–10 (9)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1271,1376,1260,1279]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">20–27 (25)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1417,1512,1260,1279]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">30–42 (37)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1553,1649,1260,1279]" gridcol="5" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">10–13 (11)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1689,1784,1260,1279]" gridcol="6" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">25–34 (30)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1824,1920,1260,1279]" gridcol="7" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">42–48 (44)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1960,2056,1260,1279]" gridcol="8" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">10–11 (10)</td>
|
||
<td box="[2095,2191,1260,1279]" gridcol="9" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">26–27 (26)</td>
|
||
<td box="[2231,2327,1260,1279]" gridcol="10" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">40–48 (44)</td>
|
||
<td box="[2367,2463,1260,1279]" gridcol="11" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">12–15 (13)</td>
|
||
<td box="[2503,2598,1260,1279]" gridcol="12" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">26–35 (31)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[849,2598,1287,1306]" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<th box="[849,939,1287,1306]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">Pre-basal</th>
|
||
<td box="[978,1084,1287,1306]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">45–55 (50)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1124,1230,1287,1306]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">7–10 (9)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1271,1376,1287,1306]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">25–32 (29)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1417,1512,1287,1306]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">45–52 (48)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1553,1649,1287,1306]" gridcol="5" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">8–13 (11)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1689,1784,1287,1306]" gridcol="6" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">25–34 (30)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1824,1920,1287,1306]" gridcol="7" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">57–62 (60)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1960,2056,1287,1306]" gridcol="8" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">9–12 (11)</td>
|
||
<td box="[2095,2191,1287,1306]" gridcol="9" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">26–30 (28)</td>
|
||
<td box="[2231,2327,1287,1306]" gridcol="10" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">63–57 (61)</td>
|
||
<td box="[2367,2463,1287,1306]" gridcol="11" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">13–15 (14)</td>
|
||
<td box="[2503,2598,1287,1306]" gridcol="12" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">32–37 (33)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[849,2598,1313,1332]" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<th box="[849,939,1313,1332]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">Basal</th>
|
||
<td box="[978,1084,1313,1332]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">62–75 (67)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1124,1230,1313,1332]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">10–13 (11)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1271,1376,1313,1332]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">25–32 (28)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1417,1512,1313,1332]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">67–82 (74)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1553,1649,1313,1332]" gridcol="5" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">12–15 (13)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1689,1784,1313,1332]" gridcol="6" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">28–30 (29)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1824,1920,1313,1332]" gridcol="7" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">80–90 (84)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1960,2056,1313,1332]" gridcol="8" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">10–12 (11)</td>
|
||
<td box="[2095,2191,1313,1332]" gridcol="9" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">25–27 (26)</td>
|
||
<td box="[2231,2327,1313,1332]" gridcol="10" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">90–95 (93)</td>
|
||
<td box="[2367,2463,1313,1332]" gridcol="11" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">13–15 (14)</td>
|
||
<td box="[2503,2598,1313,1332]" gridcol="12" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">32–37 (35)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7753039" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7753039" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7753039/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="64" startId="8.[141,198,1098,1117]" targetBox="[117,788,202,1071]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[117,788,1098,1213]" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[141,234,1098,1117]" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">Figure 31.</emphasis>
|
||
Energy dispersive X-ray spectrum of a gallium cut trunk spine of a
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Soota and Bhattacharya" authorityYear="1981" box="[213,424,1122,1141]" class="Palaeacanthocephala" family="Rhadinorhynchidae" genus="Rhadinorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinorhynchida" pageId="8" pageNumber="64" phylum="Acanthocephala" rank="species" species="hiansi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[213,424,1122,1141]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">Rhadinorhynchus hiansi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimen showing high levels of sulfur. The x-ray data are the elemental analysis of the center of the spine; see boldfaced numbers in Table V. Insert: SEM of a lateral longitudinal cut spine.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[117,336,1278,1300]" box="[117,336,1278,1300]" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<heading bold="true" box="[117,336,1278,1300]" fontSize="9" level="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="64" reason="9">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[117,336,1278,1300]" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">Molecular analyses</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[117,787,1326,1956]" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">
|
||
Three partial
|
||
<emphasis box="[284,322,1326,1347]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">18S</emphasis>
|
||
rDNA (742–764 nt) and 3
|
||
<emphasis box="[605,650,1326,1347]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">COI</emphasis>
|
||
(619–628 nt) sequences were generated from
|
||
<specimenCount box="[457,533,1356,1378]" pageId="8" pageNumber="64" type="adult">4 adult</specimenCount>
|
||
specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Soota and Bhattacharya" authorityYear="1981" box="[687,780,1356,1377]" class="Palaeacanthocephala" family="Rhadinorhynchidae" genus="Rhadinorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinorhynchida" pageId="8" pageNumber="64" phylum="Acanthocephala" rank="species" species="hiansi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[687,780,1356,1377]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">R. hiansi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Two
|
||
<emphasis box="[172,211,1387,1408]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">18S</emphasis>
|
||
rDNA sequences were identical (and thus only one of them was thus included in the corresponding phylogenetic tree), and, with respect to the third one, intraspecific divergence was 0.003% (2 nt difference). Intraspecific sequence divergence for the
|
||
<emphasis box="[162,207,1508,1529]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">COI</emphasis>
|
||
gene ranged between
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[459,517,1508,1530]" degrees="0.002" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="64" precision="55" value="0.002">0.002</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[517,588,1508,1530]" degrees="0.024" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="64" precision="55" value="-0.024">–0.024</geoCoordinate>
|
||
% (1–12 nt difference).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[849,1501,1362,1381]" box="[849,1501,1362,1381]" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<tableNote box="[849,1501,1362,1381]" pageId="8" pageNumber="64" targetBox="[849,2598,828,1332]" targetPageId="8">* Range (mean) hook length and width at base and root length in µm.</tableNote>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[117,787,1326,1956]" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">
|
||
Table VI provides data for the sequences retrieved from GenBank and used in the phylogenetic analyses based on the 2 alignments. Since ML and BI algorithms produced trees with identical topology for the 2 sequenced genes, only the BI tree is shown for
|
||
<emphasis box="[230,268,1691,1712]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">18S</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[284,358,1691,1713]" captionStart="Figure 32" captionStartId="11.[168,225,1447,1466]" captionTargetBox="[149,1510,202,1420]" captionTargetId="figure-172@11.[148,1510,202,1420]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 32. Bayesian inference (BI) phylogram reconstructed using newly generated 18S rDNA sequences for Rhadinorhynchus hiansi and retrieved sequences from GenBank for the closest-related sequences. Outgroup: Rotaria rotatoria. Nodal support from maximum likelihood (ML) and BI analyses are indicated as ML/BI. Bootstrap values lower than 70 and posterior probability values lower than 0.9 are omitted. The scale bar indicates the expected number of substitutions per site." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7753041" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7753041/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">Fig. 32</figureCitation>
|
||
) and the ML tree for the
|
||
<emphasis box="[631,676,1691,1712]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">COI</emphasis>
|
||
gene (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 33" captionStartId="12.[141,198,1532,1551]" captionTargetBox="[118,1486,202,1504]" captionTargetId="figure-155@12.[117,1487,202,1505]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 33. Maximum likelihood (ML) phylogram reconstructed using newly generated cox1 sequences for Rhadinorhynchus hiansi and retrieved sequences from GenBank for the closest-related sequences. Outgroup: Rotaria rotatoria. Nodal support from maximum likelihood (ML) and BI analyses are indicated as ML/BI. Bootstrap values lower than 70 and posterior probability values lower than 0.9 are omitted. The scale bar indicates the expected number of substitutions per site." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7753043" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7753043/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">Fig. 33</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[117,787,1326,1956]" lastBlockId="9.[144,814,622,1170]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">
|
||
In the phylogenetic tree based on
|
||
<emphasis box="[490,528,1752,1773]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">18S</emphasis>
|
||
rDNA,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Soota and Bhattacharya" authorityYear="1981" box="[616,705,1752,1773]" class="Palaeacanthocephala" family="Rhadinorhynchidae" genus="Rhadinorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinorhynchida" pageId="8" pageNumber="64" phylum="Acanthocephala" rank="species" species="hiansi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[616,705,1752,1773]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">R. hiansi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
formed a highly supported clade with the congeneric species
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Rudolphi, 1802)" baseAuthorityName="Rudolphi" baseAuthorityYear="1802" class="Palaeacanthocephala" family="Rhadinorhynchidae" genus="Rhadinorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinorhynchida" pageId="8" pageNumber="64" phylum="Acanthocephala" rank="species" species="pristis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">Rhadinorhynchus pristis</emphasis>
|
||
(Rudolphi, 1802)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Amin, Heckmann and Ha, 2011" authorityName="Amin, Heckmann and Ha" authorityYear="2011" class="Palaeacanthocephala" family="Rhadinorhynchidae" genus="Rhadinorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinorhynchida" pageId="8" pageNumber="64" phylum="Acanthocephala" rank="species" species="laterospinosus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">Rhadinorhynchus laterospinosus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="AMIN, O. M. & R. A. HECKMANN & N. V. HA" box="[231,607,1843,1865]" pageId="8" pageNumber="64" pagination="67 - 77" refId="ref8332" refString="AMIN, O. M., R. A. HECKMANN, AND N. V. HA. 2011. Description of two new species of Rhadinorhynchus (Acanthocephala: Rhadinorhynchidae) from marine fish in Halong Bay, Vietnam, with a key to species. Acta Parasitologica 56: 67 - 77." type="journal article" year="2011">Amin, Heckmann and Ha, 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and also with
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Steinauer, Garcia-Vedrenne, Weinstein and Kuris, 2019" authorityName="Steinauer, Garcia-Vedrenne, Weinstein and Kuris" authorityYear="2019" class="Palaeacanthocephala" family="Gymnorhadinorhynchidae" genus="Gymnorhadinorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinorhynchida" pageId="8" pageNumber="64" phylum="Acanthocephala" rank="species" species="mariserpentis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[117,510,1874,1895]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">Gymnorhadinorhynchus mariserpentis</emphasis>
|
||
Steinauer, Garcia-Vedrenne, Weinstein and Kuris, 2019
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[532,594,1904,1926]" degrees="0.000" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="64" precision="55" value="0.0">0.000</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[594,669,1904,1926]" degrees="0.003" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="64" precision="55" value="-0.003">–0.003</geoCoordinate>
|
||
%, 0–2 nt difference from newly generated sequences in all cases). Less related to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Soota and Bhattacharya" authorityYear="1981" box="[258,351,622,643]" class="Palaeacanthocephala" family="Rhadinorhynchidae" genus="Rhadinorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinorhynchida" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" phylum="Acanthocephala" rank="species" species="hiansi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[258,351,622,643]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">R. hiansi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was a sequence belonging to an unknown species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Luhe" authorityYear="1911" box="[268,443,651,672]" class="Palaeacanthocephala" family="Rhadinorhynchidae" genus="Rhadinorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinorhynchida" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" phylum="Acanthocephala" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[268,443,651,672]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">Rhadinorhynchus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(0.013%, 10 nt difference) that grouped, with low support, with
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Braicovich, Lanfranchi, Farber, Marvaldi, Luque and Timi, 2014" authorityName="Braicovich, Lanfranchi, Farber, Marvaldi, Luque and Timi" authorityYear="2014" class="Palaeacanthocephala" family="Gymnorhadinorhynchidae" genus="Gymnorhadinorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinorhynchida" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" phylum="Acanthocephala" rank="species" species="decapteri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">Gymnorhadinorhynchus decapteri</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="BRAICOVICH, P. E. & A. L. LANFRANCHI & M. D. FARBER & A. E. MARVALDI & J. L. LUQUE & J. T. TIMI" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" pagination="377 - 384" refId="ref8706" refString="BRAICOVICH, P. E., A. L. LANFRANCHI, M. D. FARBER, A. E. MARVALDI, J. L. LUQUE, AND J. T. TIMI. 2014. Genetic and morphological evidence reveals the existence of a new family, genus and species of Echinorhynchida (Acanthocephala). Folia Parasitologica 61: 377 - 384." type="journal article" year="2014">Braicovich, Lanfranchi, Farber, Marvaldi, Luque and Timi, 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(0.039 and 0.040%, 29 and 30 nt difference from newly generated sequences).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-Table-UUID="D3AF665B4771234465DBFF20FE5F158A" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D3AF665B4771234465DBFF20FE5F158A" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" startId="9.[144,194,202,221]" targetBox="[144,813,285,460]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[144,814,202,245]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[144,230,202,221]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">Table III.</emphasis>
|
||
Chemical composition of a Gallium cut large anterior hook of a
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Soota and Bhattacharya" authorityYear="1981" box="[144,356,226,245]" class="Palaeacanthocephala" family="Rhadinorhynchidae" genus="Rhadinorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinorhynchida" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" phylum="Acanthocephala" rank="species" species="hiansi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[144,356,226,245]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">Rhadinorhynchus hiansi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-Table-UUID="D3AF665B477123446606FF20FB1A158A" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D3AF665B477123446606FF20FB1A158A" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" startId="9.[845,895,202,221]" targetBox="[845,1515,285,433]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[845,1515,202,245]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[845,930,202,221]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">Table V.</emphasis>
|
||
Chemical composition of a gallium cut trunk spine of a
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Soota and Bhattacharya" authorityYear="1981" box="[845,1057,226,245]" class="Palaeacanthocephala" family="Rhadinorhynchidae" genus="Rhadinorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinorhynchida" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" phylum="Acanthocephala" rank="species" species="hiansi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[845,1057,226,245]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">Rhadinorhynchus hiansi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<table box="[144,813,285,460]" gridcols="6" gridrows="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" rowsContinueIn="9.[144,814,1660,1834]">
|
||
<tr box="[144,813,285,304]" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<th box="[348,415,285,304]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">Tip cut</th>
|
||
<th box="[446,513,285,304]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">Tip cut</th>
|
||
<th box="[545,619,285,304]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">Mid-cut</th>
|
||
<th box="[650,724,285,304]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">Mid-cut</th>
|
||
<th box="[755,813,285,304]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">Hook</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[144,813,312,331]" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<th box="[144,317,312,331]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">Chemical element*</th>
|
||
<td box="[348,415,312,331]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">edge</td>
|
||
<td box="[446,513,312,331]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">center</td>
|
||
<td box="[545,619,312,331]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">edge</td>
|
||
<td box="[650,724,312,331]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">center</td>
|
||
<td box="[755,813,312,331]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">base</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[144,813,361,380]" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<th box="[144,317,361,380]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">Magnesium (Mg)</th>
|
||
<td box="[348,415,361,380]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">0.28</td>
|
||
<td box="[446,513,361,380]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">0.61</td>
|
||
<td box="[545,619,361,380]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">0.81</td>
|
||
<td box="[650,724,361,380]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">0.71</td>
|
||
<td box="[755,813,361,380]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[765,813,361,380]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">0.96†</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[144,813,388,407]" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<th box="[144,317,388,407]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">Phosphorus (P)</th>
|
||
<td box="[348,415,388,407]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">8.97</td>
|
||
<td box="[446,513,388,407]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">21.21</td>
|
||
<td box="[545,619,388,407]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">12.81</td>
|
||
<td box="[650,724,388,407]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">21.80</td>
|
||
<td box="[755,813,388,407]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[755,803,388,407]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">17.98</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[144,813,414,433]" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<th box="[144,317,414,433]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">Sulfur (S)</th>
|
||
<td box="[348,415,414,433]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">9.82</td>
|
||
<td box="[446,513,414,433]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">0.46</td>
|
||
<td box="[545,619,414,433]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">3.65</td>
|
||
<td box="[650,724,414,433]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">0.23</td>
|
||
<td box="[755,813,414,433]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[765,803,414,433]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">0.07</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[144,813,441,460]" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<th box="[144,317,441,460]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">Calcium (Ca)</th>
|
||
<td box="[348,415,441,460]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">14.79</td>
|
||
<td box="[446,513,441,460]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">45.96</td>
|
||
<td box="[545,619,441,460]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">23.20</td>
|
||
<td box="[650,724,441,460]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">47.04</td>
|
||
<td box="[755,813,441,460]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">38.15</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<table box="[845,1515,285,433]" gridcols="2" gridrows="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<tr box="[845,1515,285,304]" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<th box="[845,1018,285,304]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">Chemical element*</th>
|
||
<th box="[1375,1515,285,304]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">Center of spine</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[845,1515,334,353]" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<td box="[845,1018,334,353]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">Magnesium (Mg)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1375,1515,334,353]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">0.37</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[845,1515,361,380]" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<td box="[845,1018,361,380]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">Phosphorus (P)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1375,1515,361,380]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">2.48</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[845,1515,388,407]" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<td box="[845,1018,388,407]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">Sulfur (S)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1375,1515,388,407]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">37.89</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[845,1515,414,433]" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<td box="[845,1018,414,433]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">Calcium (Ca)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1375,1515,414,433]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">0.86</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[845,1515,462,505]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<tableNote pageId="9" pageNumber="65" targetBox="[144,813,285,460]" targetPageId="9">* Common protoplasmic elements (C, N, O) as well as processing and coating elements (Au, Pd, Ga) are not included. Listed in wt.%.</tableNote>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<tableNote pageId="9" pageNumber="65" targetBox="[144,813,285,460]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[144,813,490,556]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">* Common protoplasmic elements (C, N, O) as well as processing and coating elements (Au, Pd, Ga) are not included. Listed in wt.%.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[144,813,490,556]" box="[144,735,537,556]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">† Boldfaced numbers are used in the EDXA spectrum (Fig. 29).</paragraph>
|
||
</tableNote>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[144,814,622,1170]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">
|
||
According to phylogenetic analyses based on the
|
||
<emphasis box="[705,750,797,818]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">COI</emphasis>
|
||
gene, the 3 newly generated sequences for
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Soota and Bhattacharya" authorityYear="1981" box="[539,631,827,848]" class="Palaeacanthocephala" family="Rhadinorhynchidae" genus="Rhadinorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinorhynchida" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" phylum="Acanthocephala" rank="species" species="hiansi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[539,631,827,848]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">R. hiansi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were sisters to a group including sequences of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Amin, Heckmann and Ha" authorityYear="2011" box="[465,642,856,877]" class="Palaeacanthocephala" family="Rhadinorhynchidae" genus="Rhadinorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinorhynchida" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" phylum="Acanthocephala" rank="species" species="laterospinosus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[465,642,856,877]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">R. laterospinosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[659,718,856,878]" degrees="0.130" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" precision="55" value="0.13">0.130</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[718,790,856,878]" degrees="0.136" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" precision="55" value="-0.136">–0.136</geoCoordinate>
|
||
%, 66–69 nt difference) as well as representatives of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Porta" authorityYear="1908" box="[656,768,885,906]" class="Palaeacanthocephala" family="Polymorphidae" genus="Bolbosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polymorphida" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" phylum="Acanthocephala" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[656,768,885,906]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">Bolbosoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the species
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Harada, 1938) Yamaguti, 1939" authorityName="Yamaguti" authorityYear="1939" baseAuthorityName="Harada" baseAuthorityYear="1938" class="Palaeacanthocephala" family="Cavisomidae" genus="Neorhadinorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinorhynchida" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" phylum="Acanthocephala" rank="species" species="nudus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[265,540,914,935]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">Neorhadinorhynchus nudus</emphasis>
|
||
(Harada, 1938) Yamaguti, 1939
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[259,320,943,965]" degrees="0.130" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" precision="55" value="0.13">0.130</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[321,396,943,965]" degrees="0.149" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" precision="55" value="-0.149">–0.149</geoCoordinate>
|
||
%, 66–76 nt difference from newly generated sequences). Separately, it remained a clade including a sequence assigned to the same unknown species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Luhe" authorityYear="1911" class="Palaeacanthocephala" family="Rhadinorhynchidae" genus="Rhadinorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinorhynchida" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" phylum="Acanthocephala" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">Rhadinorhynchus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
present in the
|
||
<emphasis box="[438,478,1031,1052]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">18S</emphasis>
|
||
phylogeny (0.234%, 119 nt difference from newly generated sequences) and which grouped with
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Braicovich, Lanfranchi, Farber, Marvaldi, Luque and Timi" authorityYear="2014" box="[204,335,1090,1111]" class="Palaeacanthocephala" family="Gymnorhadinorhynchidae" genus="Gymnorhadinorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinorhynchida" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" phylum="Acanthocephala" rank="species" species="decapteri">
|
||
<emphasis box="[204,335,1090,1111]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">G. decapteri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Pichelin and Cribb, 2001" authorityName="Pichelin and Cribb" authorityYear="2001" class="Palaeacanthocephala" family="Transvenidae" genus="Transvena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinorhynchida" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" phylum="Acanthocephala" rank="species" species="annulospinosa">
|
||
<emphasis box="[402,664,1090,1111]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">Transvena annulospinosa</emphasis>
|
||
Pichelin and Cribb, 2001
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[287,346,1119,1141]" degrees="0.250" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" precision="55" value="0.25">0.250</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[347,419,1119,1141]" degrees="0.312" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" precision="55" value="-0.312">–0.312</geoCoordinate>
|
||
%, 127–159 nt difference from newly generated sequences).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |