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137 lines
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<document id="713FE99BC12D1C658427F98D42822FE8" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.5381420" ID-ISSN="1638-9395" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5381420" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630292976607" checkinUser="marcus" docAuthor="Rook, Lorenzo" docDate="2009" docId="03F7DB5D2909FFEE8CFEFF33610FFB79" docLanguage="en" docName="Geodiversitas.2009.31.4.723-741.pdf" docOrigin="Geodiversitas 31 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:06460E2025300062676A2DBCBE4CBDE8.3:Geodiversitas.2009-2010.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="06460E2025300062676A2DBCBE4CBDE8" docStyleName="Geodiversitas.2009-2010.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Eucyon adoxus" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="732" masterDocId="FFCEA3252900FFE78C29FFEB6336FF90" masterDocTitle="The wide ranging genus Eucyon Tedford & Qiu, 1996 (Mammalia, Carnivora, Canidae, Canini) in the Mio-Pliocene of the Old World" masterLastPageNumber="741" masterPageNumber="723" pageNumber="732" updateTime="1699217369590" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="63411CB535FF5164420F0102AB756E64">
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<mods:title id="CE5CB1DA8FE01286D3A5B3549B1919D7">The wide ranging genus Eucyon Tedford & Qiu, 1996 (Mammalia, Carnivora, Canidae, Canini) in the Mio-Pliocene of the Old World</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="6FA1E7003D025CA0FE3E73DC57EAA14E" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="BD43C4A814DB70A9178A4DE68A634669">
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<mods:roleTerm id="DB2E4757B7AE504295569D82FF269CF1">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="0E0C72BA9BAC9A28A0BD74817DEE85E3">Rook, Lorenzo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="7F4BB662030CE385EF8A569A2E3A99B9">Università di Firenze, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, via G. La Pira, I- 50121 Firenze (Italy) lorenzo. rook @ unifi. it</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="3AD4D749936881895E2341113CA26BAB" type="email">rook@unifi.it</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="EC6A059B45E5E520F58D6A6C26E4E1B6">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="2C4A1DFAFA1752CC9CE516FCABE08A07">Geodiversitas</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="6EFF4296E10147E215BF34EF7D69F606">
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<mods:date id="AD7D570312E12FFAD2D76B3B468058BF">2009</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="35734E86672730F0AFE803D311932EBC" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="BD7834AE1C1E7C9F184015E24D3584AE">31</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="BCFA7F1992D9FA82B57E788242693FAD" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="E5E045B0FE197C76C31C49E31376B270">4</mods:number>
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<mods:extent id="C25C0B57CC16A6E876D321ED41E1A9F3" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="8EA84D43CA8BBAEF175217C7258A4610">723</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="E3ABE366E383FF0F6BBE99B152012510">741</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="ACB5589FD8B999AD27E9B72CA289A334">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="2FD9C5A992894E73DA5EE55B887731B0" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.5381420</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A59965F56ECDB626AA89760D42C312B1" type="ISSN">1638-9395</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="F9D911DE7B2236B0E6AAF1F2D9181A4C" type="Zenodo-Dep">5381420</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03F7DB5D2909FFEE8CFEFF33610FFB79" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5466091" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5466091" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F7DB5D2909FFEE8CFEFF33610FFB79" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F7DB5D2909FFEE8CFEFF33610FFB79" lastPageNumber="732" pageId="9" pageNumber="732">
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<subSubSection id="C34439C02909FFEE8CFEFF336117FF63" box="[215,545,215,243]" pageId="9" pageNumber="732" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BE16A4B2909FFEE8CFEFF336117FF63" blockId="9.[215,545,215,243]" box="[215,545,215,243]" pageId="9" pageNumber="732">
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<heading id="D0A9DD272909FFEE8CFEFF336117FF63" box="[215,545,215,243]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="732" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5E11C82909FFEE8CFEFF336117FF63" authority="(Martin, 1973)" baseAuthorityName="Martin" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[215,545,215,243]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Eucyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" pageNumber="732" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="adoxus">
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<emphasis id="B92AB6592909FFEE8CFEFF336240FF62" bold="true" box="[215,374,215,242]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="732">Eucyon adoxus</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCF17BA2909FFEE8DADFF33612FFF63" author="MARTIN R." box="[388,537,216,243]" pageId="9" pageNumber="732" pagination="87 - 96" refId="ref8680" refString="MARTIN R. 1973. - Trois nouvelles especes de caninae (Canidae, Carnivora) des gisements Plio-Villafranchiens d'Europe. Documents du Laboratoire de Geologie de la Faculte de Sciences de Lyon 57: 87 - 96." type="journal article" year="1973">Martin, 1973</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34439C02909FFEE8C58FEFA611EFEC9" pageId="9" pageNumber="732" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BE16A4B2909FFEE8C58FEFA61B1FEB9" blockId="9.[113,647,273,297]" box="[113,647,273,297]" pageId="9" pageNumber="732">
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<collectionCode id="ED4FF28E2909FFEE8C58FEFA6232FEB7" box="[113,260,273,296]" pageId="9" pageNumber="732">
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<typeStatus id="54E5D4E92909FFEE8C58FEFA6394FEB7" box="[113,162,273,296]" pageId="9" pageNumber="732">TYPE</typeStatus>
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LOCALITY
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</collectionCode>
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. — St-Estève, near Perpignan (
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<collectingCountry id="F3492ADB2909FFEE8E1FFEFA614BFEB9" box="[566,637,273,297]" name="France" pageId="9" pageNumber="732">France</collectingCountry>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE16A4B2909FFEE8C58FEA9611EFEC9" blockId="9.[113,552,321,346]" box="[113,552,321,346]" pageId="9" pageNumber="732">
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AGE. — Early Pliocene (Ruscinian;
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<collectionCode id="ED4FF28E2909FFEE8DE6FEAA62CCFEC9" box="[463,506,321,345]" country="Brazil" name="Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro" pageId="9" pageNumber="732">MN</collectionCode>
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15).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34439C02909FFEE8C58FE9A610FFB79" pageId="9" pageNumber="732" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BE16A4B2909FFEE8C58FE9A62C6FE18" blockId="9.[111,647,368,1257]" box="[113,496,368,393]" pageId="9" pageNumber="732">
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GEOGRAPHIC RANGE. —
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<collectingCountry id="F3492ADB2909FFEE8D4CFE9B629FFE18" box="[357,425,368,392]" name="France" pageId="9" pageNumber="732">France</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F3492ADB2909FFEE8D9BFE9B62DAFE18" box="[434,492,368,392]" name="Spain" pageId="9" pageNumber="732">Spain</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE16A4B2909FFEE8C58FE7D612DFBBB" blockId="9.[111,647,368,1257]" pageId="9" pageNumber="732">
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This is a relatively large Pliocene dog from MN15 of St-Estève, near Perpignan, in southern
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<collectingCountry id="F3492ADB2909FFEE8DC6FE5D6105FE41" box="[495,563,438,465]" name="France" pageId="9" pageNumber="732">France</collectingCountry>
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(
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<figureCitation id="136576CE2909FFEE8E17FE5D614CFE41" box="[574,634,438,465]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[115,126,873,890]" captionTargetBox="[119,1205,223,833]" captionTargetId="figure-21@6.[113,1210,203,839]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 2. — The early and mid-Pliocene Eucyon Tedford & Qiu, 1996 distribution: A, during early and mid-Pliocene times (◇) the genus Eucyon had a wide distribution across Eurasia. The very late record of the genus (○, late Pliocene/middle Villafranchian) seems to be limited to central Asia and to the more arid areas of eastern Eurasia (Turkey, North Africa); B, the typical Pliocene species from Europe E. adoxus (Martin, 1973) from St-Estève (near Perpignan, France; MN 15), cast of skull (approximate length 18 cm) and mandible (reversed) RSS-45 (Basel Naturhistorisches Museum);C, E. davisi (Merriam, 1911) from Hsia Kou (Yushe basin, China; Pliocene),cast of skull (approximate length 15 cm) F:AM-97056 (American Museum of Natural History, New York); D, E. zhoui Tedford & Qiu, 1996 from Chao Chuang (Yushe basin, China; Pliocene), cast of skull (reversed) and mandibular ramus (approximate length of mandibular ramus 10 cm) F:AM-97048 (American Museum of Natural History, New York)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5381424" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5381424/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="732">Fig.2</figureCitation>
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).
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<taxonomicName id="4C5E11C82909FFEE8C46FE3D63CBFE7F" baseAuthorityName="Martin" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[111,253,469,495]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Eucyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" pageNumber="732" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="adoxus">
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<emphasis id="B92AB6592909FFEE8C46FE3D63CBFE7F" box="[111,253,469,495]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="732">Eucyon adoxus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is characterized by an elongate rostrum and mandible and is clearly not a vulpine (as is claimed by some authors, e.g.,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCF17BA2909FFEE8D66FDFE639FFDDF" author="PONS MOYA J. & CRUSAFONT PAIRO M." pageId="9" pageNumber="732" pagination="133 - 136" refId="ref9062" refString="PONS MOYA J. & CRUSAFONT PAIRO M. 1978. - El Canis cipio Crusafont (1950), comparacion con los canidos del Plioceno y Pleistoceno europeo. Acta Geologica Hispanica 13: 133 - 136." type="journal article" year="1978">Pons Moyá & Crusafont Pairó 1978</bibRefCitation>
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), because it does not have the typical vulpine depression in the region of postorbital constriction of the frontal bones (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCF17BA2909FFEE8D67FD9F62FCFD1F" author="ROOK L." box="[334,458,628,655]" pageId="9" pageNumber="732" pagination="151 - 156" refId="ref9131" refString="ROOK L. 1992. - " Canis " monticinensis sp. nov., a new Canidae (Carnivora, Mammalia) from the late Messinian of Italy. Bollettino della Societa Paleontologica Italiana 31: 151 - 156." type="journal article" year="1992">Rook 1992</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCF17BA2909FFEE8DFCFD9F6126FD1F" author="ROOK L." box="[469,528,628,655]" pageId="9" pageNumber="732" refId="ref9172" refString="ROOK L. 1993. - I cani dell'Eurasia dal Miocene Superiore al Pleistocene Medio. Ph. D. Dissertation, Modena, Bologna, Firenze and Roma " La Sapienza " Universities, Italy, 153 p., 29 plates." type="book" year="1993">1993</bibRefCitation>
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). Although the mandibles of the Perpignan dog show features typical of
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<taxonomicName id="4C5E11C82909FFEE8CF3FD5F6116FD5E" authority=", Tedford & Qiu (1996)" authorityName=", Tedford & Qiu" authorityYear="1996" box="[218,544,691,718]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Eucyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" pageNumber="732" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B92AB6592909FFEE8CF3FD5F6214FD5D" box="[218,290,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="732">Eucyon</emphasis>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCF17BA2909FFEE8D07FD586116FD5E" author="TEDFORD R. H. & QIU Z." box="[302,544,691,718]" pageId="9" pageNumber="732" pagination="27 - 40" refId="ref9735" refString="TEDFORD R. H. & QIU Z. 1996. - A new canid genus from the Pliocene of Yushe, Shanxi Province. Vertebrata PalAsiatica 34: 27 - 40." type="journal article" year="1996">Tedford & Qiu (1996)</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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note that some of the derived features they display (mainly in the dentition) are synapomorphies for other canine lineages and therefore they could represent a taxon different from
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<taxonomicName id="4C5E11C82909FFEE8D23FCD86264FCDC" authorityName=", Tedford & Qiu" authorityYear="1996" box="[266,338,819,844]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Eucyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" pageNumber="732" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B92AB6592909FFEE8D23FCD86264FCDC" box="[266,338,819,844]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="732">Eucyon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. As discussed in
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCF17BA2909FFEE8DD6FCD961B1FCDD" author="ROOK L." box="[511,647,818,845]" pageId="9" pageNumber="732" refId="ref9172" refString="ROOK L. 1993. - I cani dell'Eurasia dal Miocene Superiore al Pleistocene Medio. Ph. D. Dissertation, Modena, Bologna, Firenze and Roma " La Sapienza " Universities, Italy, 153 p., 29 plates." type="book" year="1993">Rook (1993)</bibRefCitation>
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and then supported by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCF17BA2909FFEE8D72FCBA616FFCFC" author="WANG X. & TEDFORD R. H." box="[347,601,849,876]" pageId="9" pageNumber="732" pagination="1 - 219" refId="ref10270" refString="WANG X. & TEDFORD R. H. 2008. - Dogs, their fossil relatives and evolutionary history. Columbia University Press: 1 - 219." type="book chapter" year="2008">Wang &Tedford (2008)</bibRefCitation>
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, it is maintained here the opinion that the Perpignan dog is one of the latest representatives of the evolutionary differentiation of the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C5E11C82909FFEE8DADFC5A62FDFC5A" authorityName=", Tedford & Qiu" authorityYear="1996" box="[388,459,945,970]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Eucyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" pageNumber="732" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B92AB6592909FFEE8DADFC5A62FDFC5A" box="[388,459,945,970]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="732">Eucyon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in Europe (
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<figureCitation id="136576CE2909FFEE8E17FC5B614CFC5B" box="[574,634,944,971]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[115,126,873,890]" captionTargetBox="[119,1205,223,833]" captionTargetId="figure-21@6.[113,1210,203,839]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 2. — The early and mid-Pliocene Eucyon Tedford & Qiu, 1996 distribution: A, during early and mid-Pliocene times (◇) the genus Eucyon had a wide distribution across Eurasia. The very late record of the genus (○, late Pliocene/middle Villafranchian) seems to be limited to central Asia and to the more arid areas of eastern Eurasia (Turkey, North Africa); B, the typical Pliocene species from Europe E. adoxus (Martin, 1973) from St-Estève (near Perpignan, France; MN 15), cast of skull (approximate length 18 cm) and mandible (reversed) RSS-45 (Basel Naturhistorisches Museum);C, E. davisi (Merriam, 1911) from Hsia Kou (Yushe basin, China; Pliocene),cast of skull (approximate length 15 cm) F:AM-97056 (American Museum of Natural History, New York); D, E. zhoui Tedford & Qiu, 1996 from Chao Chuang (Yushe basin, China; Pliocene), cast of skull (reversed) and mandibular ramus (approximate length of mandibular ramus 10 cm) F:AM-97048 (American Museum of Natural History, New York)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5381424" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5381424/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="732">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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). A number of contemporary findings occur in Europe (La Calera I,
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<collectingCountry id="F3492ADB2909FFEE8CD8FC1B6219FB9B" box="[241,303,1008,1035]" name="Spain" pageId="9" pageNumber="732">Spain</collectingCountry>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCF17BA2909FFEE8D1FFC1B6123FB9B" author="ALCALA MARTINEZ L." box="[310,533,1008,1035]" pageId="9" pageNumber="732" refId="ref7715" refString="ALCALA MARTINEZ L. 1994. - Macromamiferos neogenos de la fosa de Alfambra-Teruel. Teruel Instituto de Estudios Turolenses, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid, 554 p." type="book" year="1994">Alcalá Martínez 1994</bibRefCitation>
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; Red Crag,
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<collectingCountry id="F3492ADB2909FFEE8C46FBFB63ACFBBB" box="[111,154,1040,1067]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="9" pageNumber="732">UK</collectingCountry>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCF17BA2909FFEE8C8DFBFB6272FBBB" author="LYDEKKER R. B." box="[164,324,1040,1067]" pageId="9" pageNumber="732" refId="ref8543" refString="LYDEKKER R. B. 1885. - Catalogue of the Fossil Mammalia in the British Museum. Part I: Primates, Chiroptera, Insectivora, Carnivora. British Museum (Natural History), London, 263 p." type="book" year="1885">Lydekker 1885</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCF17BA2909FFEE8D79FBFB62FCFBBB" author="ROOK L." box="[336,458,1040,1067]" pageId="9" pageNumber="732" pagination="151 - 156" refId="ref9131" refString="ROOK L. 1992. - " Canis " monticinensis sp. nov., a new Canidae (Carnivora, Mammalia) from the late Messinian of Italy. Bollettino della Societa Paleontologica Italiana 31: 151 - 156." type="journal article" year="1992">Rook 1992</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCF17BA2909FFEE8DFDFBFB6139FBBB" author="ROOK L." box="[468,527,1040,1067]" pageId="9" pageNumber="732" refId="ref9172" refString="ROOK L. 1993. - I cani dell'Eurasia dal Miocene Superiore al Pleistocene Medio. Ph. D. Dissertation, Modena, Bologna, Firenze and Roma " La Sapienza " Universities, Italy, 153 p., 29 plates." type="book" year="1993">1993</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE16A4B2909FFEE8CA1FBC4610FFB79" blockId="9.[111,647,368,1257]" pageId="9" pageNumber="732">
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The record of this species includes a magnificently preserved
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<typeStatus id="54E5D4E92909FFEE8CFDFBA46236FBFA" box="[212,256,1103,1130]" pageId="9" pageNumber="732">type</typeStatus>
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skull and mandibles (specimen RSS45;
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<figureCitation id="136576CE2909FFEE8C46FB8463E2FB1A" box="[111,212,1135,1162]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[113,124,845,862]" captionTargetBox="[113,1210,214,822]" captionTargetId="figure-21@8.[113,1210,214,822]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 3. — Eucyon adoxus (Martin, 1973) from St-Estève (near Perpignan, France; MN 15): A, type specimen RSS 45, approximate length of the skull 18 cm;B, skull and mandible reconstruction based on type specimen RSS 45; C, reconstruction of principal jaw- abductor muscles positioned on the reconstructed skull; D, life appearance of the head." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5381426" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5381426/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="732">Fig.3A, B</figureCitation>
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).The material is good enough for allowing a reconstruction of the life appearance of the head of this species(
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<figureCitation id="136576CE2909FFEE8C94FB45623CFB59" box="[189,266,1198,1225]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[113,124,845,862]" captionTargetBox="[113,1210,214,822]" captionTargetId="figure-21@8.[113,1210,214,822]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 3. — Eucyon adoxus (Martin, 1973) from St-Estève (near Perpignan, France; MN 15): A, type specimen RSS 45, approximate length of the skull 18 cm;B, skull and mandible reconstruction based on type specimen RSS 45; C, reconstruction of principal jaw- abductor muscles positioned on the reconstructed skull; D, life appearance of the head." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5381426" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5381426/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="732">Fig.3D</figureCitation>
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),herein joined with the reconstruction of principal jaw-abductor muscles (
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<figureCitation id="136576CE2909FFEE8DF3FB25611DFB79" box="[474,555,1230,1257]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[113,124,845,862]" captionTargetBox="[113,1210,214,822]" captionTargetId="figure-21@8.[113,1210,214,822]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 3. — Eucyon adoxus (Martin, 1973) from St-Estève (near Perpignan, France; MN 15): A, type specimen RSS 45, approximate length of the skull 18 cm;B, skull and mandible reconstruction based on type specimen RSS 45; C, reconstruction of principal jaw- abductor muscles positioned on the reconstructed skull; D, life appearance of the head." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5381426" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5381426/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="732">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |