197 lines
29 KiB
XML
197 lines
29 KiB
XML
<document id="A19B8129D496B2A5378119EFCA1901F0" ID-CLB-Dataset="26219" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4635.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="de5c3cc9-9773-4e79-aaaf-0e964d7262f8" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3335102" ID-ZooBank="E1AC3BD4-6FCB-49F9-8069-624760C2CAF7" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1563173856474" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Abdalla, Ishtiag H., Mansell, Mervyn W. & Sole, Catherine L." docDate="2019" docId="03DBDF51A75FFFB7FF0DF92034855A84" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4635.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4635 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Nemopterella Banks 1910" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="8" masterDocId="FFE2A729A759FFB0FF9AFF8534795F47" masterDocTitle="Revision of the southern African genera Nemopterella Banks and Nemia Navás (Neuroptera: Nemopteridae: Nemopterinae), with descriptions of new genera and species" masterLastPageNumber="89" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="7" updateTime="1698741232922" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="C8F4F97859532E03E09E3E6CE54522BF">Revision of the southern African genera Nemopterella Banks and Nemia Navás (Neuroptera: Nemopteridae: Nemopterinae), with descriptions of new genera and species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B2D8594D3ED0BF32CF16BB5C767D4A3E">Abdalla, Ishtiag H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5AD40408D4AAD07E320F7153C55928CA">Mansell, Mervyn W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="8E22A7FE45B406B22315951E6DD4224E" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="14B0D545B19B440BF8379B0382EB0C32">Sole, Catherine L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="DCC829B7F3E93FC1932C81FBC945A951">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="03E28D61E2F147175B4267583A3B0577">
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<mods:date id="C52F50BFC314409E6B7E5134032D30FD">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="6AEBC1F680CF69721DEF7CA2A788B854">2019-07-12</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="95A9572B70E15ECB821910489340201B">4635</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03DBDF51A75FFFB7FF0DF92034855A84" ID-GBIF-Taxon="158628681" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DBDF51A75FFFB7FF0DF92034855A84" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DBDF51A75FFFB7FF0DF92034855A84" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<subSubSection id="C3683DCCA75FFFB6FF0DF92035695840" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BCD6E47A75FFFB6FF0DF920364859F8" blockId="6.[151,561,1701,1728]" box="[151,561,1701,1728]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<heading id="D085D92BA75FFFB6FF0DF920364859F8" bold="true" box="[151,561,1701,1728]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B906B255A75FFFB6FF0DF920364859F8" bold="true" box="[151,561,1701,1728]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C7215C4A75FFFB6FF74F920364859F8" ID-CoL="5YKR" ID-ENA="1265329" authority="Banks, 1910" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1910" box="[238,561,1701,1728]" class="Insecta" family="Nemopteridae" genus="Nemopterella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B906B255A75FFFB6FF74F92035E85987" bold="true" box="[238,401,1701,1728]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Nemopterella</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE313B6A75FFFB6FE03F920364859F8" author="Banks, N." box="[409,561,1701,1727]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="389 - 390" refId="ref47239" refString="Banks, N. (1910) Synonymical notes on Neuroptera. Entomological News, Philadelphia, 21, 389 - 390." type="journal article" year="1910">Banks, 1910</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCD6E47A75FFFB6FF0DF96835695840" blockId="6.[151,1016,1773,1891]" box="[151,272,1773,1799]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Synonymy</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3683DCCA75FFFB6FF0DF88B36A15824" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BCD6E47A75FFFB6FF0DF88B37815861" blockId="6.[151,1016,1773,1891]" box="[151,1016,1805,1830]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB624969A75FFFB6FF0DF88B37815861" box="[151,1016,1805,1830]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7215C4A75FFFB6FF0DF88B35B65861" ID-CoL="4DX3" authority="Navas, 1910: 359" authorityName="Navas" authorityPageNumber="359" authorityYear="1910" box="[151,463,1805,1830]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Eretmoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B906B255A75FFFB6FF0DF88B356F5862" box="[151,278,1806,1829]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Eretmoptera</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD34856A75FFFB6FE87F88835B65861" author="Navas, L." box="[285,463,1805,1830]" page="359" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" year="1910">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE313B6A75FFFB6FE87F88835B65861" author="Navas, L." box="[285,463,1805,1830]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="339 - 408" refId="ref48819" refString="Navas, L. (1910) Monografia de Los Nemopteridos (Insectos Neuropteros). Memorias de la Real Academia de Ciencias y Artes de Barcelona, 8, 339 - 408." type="journal article" year="1910">Navás, 1910: 359</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Preoccupied by
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<taxonomicName id="4C7215C4A75FFFB6FD1BF88B37E05862" ID-CoL="4DX3" authority="Kellogg, 1900" authorityName="Kellogg" authorityYear="1900" box="[641,921,1805,1830]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Eretmoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B906B255A75FFFB6FD1BF88B37795862" box="[641,768,1806,1829]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Eretmoptera</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE313B6A75FFFB6FC9CF88837E05862" author="Kellogg, V. L." box="[774,921,1805,1830]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="81 - 87" refId="ref47568" refString="Kellogg, V. L. (1900) An extraordinary new maritime fly. The Biological Bulletin, 1, 81 - 87. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1535751" type="journal article" year="1900">Kellogg, 1900</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C7215C4A75FFFB6FC3EF888378B5861" ID-CoL="D2P" box="[932,1010,1805,1830]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
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)
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCD6E47A75FFFB6FF0DF8A936E15803" blockId="6.[151,1016,1773,1891]" box="[151,664,1835,1860]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB624969A75FFFB6FF0DF8A936E15803" box="[151,664,1835,1860]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7215C4A75FFFB6FF0DF8A935A55803" ID-CoL="5YKR" authority="Banks, 1910: 390" authorityName="Banks" authorityPageNumber="390" authorityYear="1910" box="[151,476,1835,1860]" class="Insecta" family="Nemopteridae" genus="Nemopterella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B906B255A75FFFB6FF0DF8A935595803" box="[151,288,1836,1860]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Nemopterella</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD34856A75FFFB6FEBCF8AE35A55803" author="Banks, N." box="[294,476,1835,1860]" page="390" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" year="1910">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE313B6A75FFFB6FEBCF8AE35A55803" author="Banks, N." box="[294,476,1835,1860]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="389 - 390" refId="ref47239" refString="Banks, N. (1910) Synonymical notes on Neuroptera. Entomological News, Philadelphia, 21, 389 - 390." type="journal article" year="1910">Banks, 1910: 390</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0AD34856A75FFFB6FE7CF8A936ED5803" author="Navas, L." box="[486,660,1835,1860]" page="226" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" year="1911">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE313B6A75FFFB6FE7CF8A936ED5803" author="Navas, L." box="[486,660,1835,1860]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="224 - 226" refId="ref48853" refString="Navas, L. (1911) Sur une nouvelle espece de Nemopteride (Ins. Neur.) du Congo Belge. Annales de la Socieitei scientifique de Bruxelles, 35, 224 - 226." type="journal article" year="1911">Navás 1911: 226</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCD6E47A75FFFB6FF0DF8CE36A15824" blockId="6.[151,1016,1773,1891]" box="[151,728,1866,1891]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB624969A75FFFB6FF0DF8CE36A15824" box="[151,728,1866,1891]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7215C4A75FFFB6FF0DF8CE35EE5824" authority="Navas, 1915: 35" authorityName="Navas" authorityPageNumber="35" authorityYear="1915" box="[151,407,1866,1891]" class="Insecta" family="Nemopteridae" genus="Nemeva" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B906B255A75FFFB6FF0DF8CE34905825" box="[151,233,1867,1890]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Nemeva</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD34856A75FFFB6FF75F8CE35EE5824" author="Navas, L." box="[239,407,1866,1891]" page="35" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" year="1915">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE313B6A75FFFB6FF75F8CE35EE5824" author="Navas, L." box="[239,407,1866,1891]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="30 - 39" refId="ref48911" refString="Navas, L. (1915) [Neuroptera nova africana]. VI Series. Memorie dell'Accademia Pontifica dei Nuovi Lincei, Rome, 2, 30 - 39." type="journal article" year="1915">Navás, 1915: 35</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD34856A75FFFB6FE3BF8CF36295824" author="Tjeder, B." box="[417,592,1866,1891]" page="454" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" year="1967">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE313B6A75FFFB6FE3BF8CF36295824" author="Tjeder, B." box="[417,592,1866,1891]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="290 - 501" refId="ref49281" refString="Tjeder, B. (1967) Neuroptera-Planipennia. The Lace-wings of Southern Africa. 6. Family Nemopteridae. In: Hanstrom, B., Brinck, P. & Rudebec, G. (Eds.), South African Animal Life. Vol. 13. Swedish Natural Science Research Council, Stockholm, pp. 290 - 501." type="book chapter" year="1967">Tjeder 1967: 454</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(synonymy).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3683DCCA75FFFB6FF0DF81437A958EC" box="[151,976,1936,1963]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="8BCD6E47A75FFFB6FF0DF81437A958EC" blockId="6.[151,1437,1936,2035]" box="[151,976,1936,1963]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<emphasis id="B906B255A75FFFB6FF0DF814354B58EC" bold="true" box="[151,306,1936,1963]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<typeStatus id="54C9D0E5A75FFFB6FF0DF81434AB58EC" box="[151,210,1937,1963]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Type</typeStatus>
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species.
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</emphasis>
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C7215C4A75FFFB6FEA3F81736C258EC" authority="Leach, 1815" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[313,699,1936,1963]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Nemopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana">
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||
<emphasis id="B906B255A75FFFB6FEA3F817365E58EC" box="[313,551,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Nemopteryx africana</emphasis>
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Leach, 1815
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</taxonomicName>
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, by original designation.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3683DCCA75FFFB7FF5DF83130325ECC" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCD6E47A75FFFB7FF5DF83130895E04" blockId="6.[151,1437,1936,2035]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1437,153,1475]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<emphasis id="B906B255A75FFFB6FF5DF83135435888" bold="true" box="[199,314,1972,1999]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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. Medium to large species that can be distinguished by: (1) tip segment of antennae in the males as well as females terminates in an acute tooth (
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<figureCitation id="134972C2A75FFFB6FD1FF85C36BE58B4" box="[645,711,2009,2035]" captionStart="FIGURES 8–10" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1869,1894]" captionTargetBox="[247,1348,689,1805]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[227,1361,689,1818]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 8–10. Nemopterella africana (Leach). 8, Antennal apex; 9, Head; 10, Apical white portion of hind wing." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335110/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
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); (2) vertex of head broad with a pair of yellow or dark transverse spots along the postfrontal suture on the frons above antennae (
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<figureCitation id="134972C2A75EFFB7FCF7FF1C37CA5FF4" box="[877,947,153,179]" captionStart="FIGURES 8–10" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1869,1894]" captionTargetBox="[247,1348,689,1805]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[227,1361,689,1818]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 8–10. Nemopterella africana (Leach). 8, Antennal apex; 9, Head; 10, Apical white portion of hind wing." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335110/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
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); (3) forewings with a whitish pterostigma (
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<figureCitation id="134972C2A75EFFB7FF3AFF3834885F90" box="[160,241,189,215]" captionStart="FIGURES 3–7" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1462,1487]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,180,1393]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[227,1361,175,1399]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 3–7. Nemopterella africana (Leach). 3, Abdomen male, lateral view; 4, Apex of male abdomen. 5, Parameres and gonarcus; 6, Gonarcus dorsal view showing bases of parameres. 7(a), Pterostigma in forewing; 7(b), Anal area. Abbreviations: 1–9 = Abdominal tergites, An = Anal area, Epr = Ectoproct, Cc = Callus cerci, Mu = Mediuncus, Pa = Parameres, Pt = Pterostigma, Gs = Gonarcus, Gss = Gonosetae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335108/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 7a</figureCitation>
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); (4) anal area tinged brown or dark brown (
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<figureCitation id="134972C2A75EFFB7FD78FF38374C5F9F" box="[738,821,189,216]" captionStart="FIGURES 3–7" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1462,1487]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,180,1393]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[227,1361,175,1399]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 3–7. Nemopterella africana (Leach). 3, Abdomen male, lateral view; 4, Apex of male abdomen. 5, Parameres and gonarcus; 6, Gonarcus dorsal view showing bases of parameres. 7(a), Pterostigma in forewing; 7(b), Anal area. Abbreviations: 1–9 = Abdominal tergites, An = Anal area, Epr = Ectoproct, Cc = Callus cerci, Mu = Mediuncus, Pa = Parameres, Pt = Pterostigma, Gs = Gonarcus, Gss = Gonosetae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335108/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 7b</figureCitation>
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); (5) number of costal cells between 23–37; (6) the entire hind wing from base to the apical whitish area bears black setae (
|
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<figureCitation id="134972C2A75EFFB7FC0CFF6437905FBC" box="[918,1001,225,251]" captionStart="FIGURES 8–10" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1869,1894]" captionTargetBox="[247,1348,689,1805]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[227,1361,689,1818]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 8–10. Nemopterella africana (Leach). 8, Antennal apex; 9, Head; 10, Apical white portion of hind wing." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335110/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
); (7) fifth abdominal tergite with a pair of pleuritocavae on each side (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134972C2A75EFFB7FE74FE8036485E58" box="[494,561,261,287]" captionStart="FIGURES 3–7" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1462,1487]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,180,1393]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[227,1361,175,1399]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 3–7. Nemopterella africana (Leach). 3, Abdomen male, lateral view; 4, Apex of male abdomen. 5, Parameres and gonarcus; 6, Gonarcus dorsal view showing bases of parameres. 7(a), Pterostigma in forewing; 7(b), Anal area. Abbreviations: 1–9 = Abdominal tergites, An = Anal area, Epr = Ectoproct, Cc = Callus cerci, Mu = Mediuncus, Pa = Parameres, Pt = Pterostigma, Gs = Gonarcus, Gss = Gonosetae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335108/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
); (8) thorax and abdomen with distinct brown to dark brown longitudinal mid and lateral-stripes; (9) costal crossveins (Cx) and area between the Cx tinged brown to light brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCD6E47A75EFFB7FF5DFEC830325ECC" blockId="7.[151,1437,153,1475]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B255A75EFFB7FF5DFEC8348D5E20" box="[199,244,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Size</emphasis>
|
||
(mm). Male: body length 7–12.7; forewing 20.5–32.2; hind wing 42.4–73.1; antenna 14.3–37.2; Female: body length 8.7–15.1; forewing 17.5–28.7; hind wing 34.5–62.3; antenna 13.2–20.2.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3683DCCA75EFFB7FF5DFE1134855A84" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCD6E47A75EFFB7FF5DFE1135255DC0" blockId="7.[151,1437,153,1475]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B255A75EFFB7FF5DFE11350C5EE8" bold="true" box="[199,373,404,431]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Redescription.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B255A75EFFB7FEE1FE1035C15EE8" box="[379,440,405,431]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Head</emphasis>
|
||
. Large with long rostrum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134972C2A75EFFB7FD79FE10375E5EE8" box="[739,807,405,431]" captionStart="FIGURES 8–10" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1869,1894]" captionTargetBox="[247,1348,689,1805]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[227,1361,689,1818]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 8–10. Nemopterella africana (Leach). 8, Antennal apex; 9, Head; 10, Apical white portion of hind wing." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335110/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
). Vertex broad with dark midline along epicranial suture and a pair of yellow or dark sub-triangular transverse spots along postfrontal suture on frons above antennae. Frons above antennae markedly elevated. Eyes large, widely separated. Antennae in males show intraspecific variation, some not reaching pterostigma others reaching just beyond pterostigma, while some extend beyond the wing (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134972C2A75EFFB7FAF0FD8434A65D78" captionStart-0="FIGURE 11" captionStart-1="FIGURE 12" captionStart-2="FIGURE 13" captionStartId-0="11.[151,250,1428,1453]" captionStartId-1="12.[151,250,1349,1374]" captionStartId-2="14.[151,250,1677,1702]" captionTargetBox-1="[340,1247,198,1323]" captionTargetBox-2="[340,1247,489,1653]" captionTargetId-0="figure@11.[340,1247,181,1401]" captionTargetId-1="figure@12.[340,1247,198,1323]" captionTargetId-2="figure@14.[340,1247,489,1653]" captionTargetPageId-0="11" captionTargetPageId-1="12" captionTargetPageId-2="14" captionText-0="FIGURE 11. Nemopterella africana (Leach), male habitus. Forewing length = 26.9 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 12. Nemopterella cedrus Mansell & Abdalla sp. nov., male habitus Forewing length = 22.8 mm." captionText-2="FIGURE 13. Nemopterella kabas Mansell & Abdalla sp. nov., male habitus. Forewing length= 28 mm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3407669/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3335112/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/3335114/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs 11–13</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tip segment ends in an acute tooth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134972C2A75EFFB7FD0FFDA036A25D78" box="[661,731,549,575]" captionStart="FIGURES 8–10" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1869,1894]" captionTargetBox="[247,1348,689,1805]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[227,1361,689,1818]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 8–10. Nemopterella africana (Leach). 8, Antennal apex; 9, Head; 10, Apical white portion of hind wing." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335110/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
). In females, antennae are short not reaching pterostigma and ending in acute tooth on the tip segment. In some species, the head bears distinct very sparse short black hairs over vertex and genae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCD6E47A75EFFB7FF5DFD1437CE5C50" blockId="7.[151,1437,153,1475]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B255A75EFFB7FF5DFD1435615DEC" box="[199,280,657,683]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
. Pruinose, with distinct longitudinal brown or dark brown mid and two lateral stripes. Pronotum short, narrow, elevated in the middle bending downwards laterally with saddle-like shape and elevated fore margin with upwardly reflexed hind margin. Mesonotum broad, metanotum shorter narrower than pronotum. Pubescence differs between sexes being longer, denser and softer in males than in females.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCD6E47A75EFFB7FF5DFCA731525B38" blockId="7.[151,1437,153,1475]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B255A75EFFB7FF5DFCA7353F5C7C" box="[199,326,802,827]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Forewings.</emphasis>
|
||
Hyaline. Differing between sexes, slender in males and broader in females. Male forewings with an acute or sub-acute apex combined with a slight or shallow emargination before the apex or in some species with a rounded apex without distinct emargination. In females, forewings have a rounded apex without emargination. Pterostigma is mainly white (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134972C2A75EFFB7FE70FC0836565CE0" box="[490,559,909,935]" captionStart="FIGURES 3–7" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1462,1487]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,180,1393]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[227,1361,175,1399]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 3–7. Nemopterella africana (Leach). 3, Abdomen male, lateral view; 4, Apex of male abdomen. 5, Parameres and gonarcus; 6, Gonarcus dorsal view showing bases of parameres. 7(a), Pterostigma in forewing; 7(b), Anal area. Abbreviations: 1–9 = Abdominal tergites, An = Anal area, Epr = Ectoproct, Cc = Callus cerci, Mu = Mediuncus, Pa = Parameres, Pt = Pterostigma, Gs = Gonarcus, Gss = Gonosetae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335108/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
(a)). Area between costa (C) and subcosta (SC), as well as anal area tinged brown. In most species, the subcostal and radial areas tinged brown with adjacent costal cells beyond pterostigma tinged greyish brown. Costal crossveins (or costals) (Cx) vary from 23–37.
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B255A75EFFB7FC6DFC5030005CA8" box="[1015,1145,981,1007]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Hind wings</emphasis>
|
||
very narrow, ribbon-like, with four distinct portions: the proximal portion near wing base pale or fuscous in colour, the portion before the dark area pale whitish, the dark area brown or dark brown, apical portion white. Setation black from wing bases to apical white portion (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134972C2A75EFFB7FEA6FBC435F75B1C" box="[316,398,1089,1115]" captionStart="FIGURES 8–10" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1869,1894]" captionTargetBox="[247,1348,689,1805]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[227,1361,689,1818]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 8–10. Nemopterella africana (Leach). 8, Antennal apex; 9, Head; 10, Apical white portion of hind wing." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335110/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B255A75EFFB7FE38FBC735AE5B1C" box="[418,471,1090,1115]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Legs</emphasis>
|
||
slender, covered with black setae, in some species the coxae covered with white setae; femora and tarsi either with or without tinged tips Tarsal segment 1 longer than segments 2–5 combined.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCD6E47A75EFFB7FF5DFB0C35EB5A74" blockId="7.[151,1437,153,1475]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B906B255A75EFFB7FF5DFB0C35405BE4" box="[199,313,1161,1187]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Abdomen.</emphasis>
|
||
Cylindrical with short segments and very distinct brown or dark brown mid and lateral stripes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134972C2A75EFFB7FAF5FB0C34DE5B80" captionStart="FIGURES 3–7" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1462,1487]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,180,1393]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[227,1361,175,1399]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 3–7. Nemopterella africana (Leach). 3, Abdomen male, lateral view; 4, Apex of male abdomen. 5, Parameres and gonarcus; 6, Gonarcus dorsal view showing bases of parameres. 7(a), Pterostigma in forewing; 7(b), Anal area. Abbreviations: 1–9 = Abdominal tergites, An = Anal area, Epr = Ectoproct, Cc = Callus cerci, Mu = Mediuncus, Pa = Parameres, Pt = Pterostigma, Gs = Gonarcus, Gss = Gonosetae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335108/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). In males, tergite 5 has short folds at hind margin with a pair of spongy structures, pleuritocavae, that open between tergites 5 and 6 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134972C2A75EFFB7FE3FFB5435905BAC" box="[421,489,1233,1259]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1083,1108]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,179,1056]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[340,1247,176,1058]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. (a) & (b); (a), Nemopterella africana (Leach). Abdomen lateral view with everted pleuritocavae (Plc); (b), Nemia karrooa (Péringuey). Abdomen lateral view lacking pleuritocavae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335104/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
(a)). Fore margin of tergite 6 is much larger than fore-margins of other abdominal tergites. These structures are absent from females. Setation of abdomen different in sexes, always longer and denser in males than females.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCD6E47A75EFFB7FF5DFAB834855A84" blockId="7.[151,1437,153,1475]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
Genital structures of males and females are similar in the different species with no significant differences observed, so are of little value in distinguishing between species. In males, the gonarcus bears a long mediuncus and the gonolatus and gonosetae are present. Parameres long, fused apically (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134972C2A75EFFB7FC30FA0030775AD8" box="[938,1038,1412,1439]" captionStart="FIGURES 3–7" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1462,1487]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,180,1393]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[227,1361,175,1399]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 3–7. Nemopterella africana (Leach). 3, Abdomen male, lateral view; 4, Apex of male abdomen. 5, Parameres and gonarcus; 6, Gonarcus dorsal view showing bases of parameres. 7(a), Pterostigma in forewing; 7(b), Anal area. Abbreviations: 1–9 = Abdominal tergites, An = Anal area, Epr = Ectoproct, Cc = Callus cerci, Mu = Mediuncus, Pa = Parameres, Pt = Pterostigma, Gs = Gonarcus, Gss = Gonosetae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335108/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs 4, 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). Females with short gonapophyses laterales.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |