treatments-xml/data/03/C3/09/03C3095F5666FFF9FF0ACAE5FDC0F95D.xml
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<document id="10F14422A7A3B8BB9379C3EB72B0F2D5" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.618.3.6" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8406806" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="julia" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1696426456867" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Zeraatkar, Amin &amp; Nasab, Farzaneh Khajoei" docDate="2023" docId="03C3095F5666FFF9FF0ACAE5FDC0F95D" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.618.3.6.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 618 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.618.3.6" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.7:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Campanula persepolitana Kotschy ex Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="289" masterDocId="FFFA71275665FFFFFF82CC63FFA5FFA5" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic notes on some species of Campanula, sect. Oreocodon" masterLastPageNumber="290" masterPageNumber="283" pageNumber="286" updateTime="1696519503341" updateUser="julia" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="9EC7214AF5B5916B8D81AB6CC80A997D">Taxonomic notes on some species of Campanula, sect. Oreocodon</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="4F1028EEC3EB9146FAA641FE988CB38D" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="B7E5EE8CD5E49371F77ADF79D62BBF7D">Zeraatkar, Amin</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="64A2FE83013D044CD2F9B6D1D63B421D">Research Division of Natural Resources, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center (AREEO), Shahrekord, Iran</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="A63C1971E6998FB9CAE79585A9C40BCE">Nasab, Farzaneh Khajoei</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="B7C63876F91D7B59C583609731141F9C">Research Division of Natural Resources, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center (AREEO), Shahrekord, Iran</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="1F1F6C4D7FE3005EC286F886BC2E7B50">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="3B406BC0CBE84DFD9A2775ECDCAA27F3">2023</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03C3095F5666FFF9FF0ACAE5FDC0F95D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8406816" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8406816" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C3095F5666FFF9FF0ACAE5FDC0F95D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C3095F5666FFF9FF0ACAE5FDC0F95D" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="289" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">
<subSubSection id="C370EBC25666FFFCFF0ACAE5FB72F904" box="[136,1239,1670,1697]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BD5B8495666FFFCFF0ACAE5FB72F904" blockId="3.[136,1239,1670,1697]" box="[136,1239,1670,1697]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">
<heading id="D09D0F255666FFFCFF0ACAE5FB72F904" box="[136,1239,1670,1697]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" reason="3">
<treatmentCitation id="0ACB9E585666FFFCFF0ACAE5FB93F905" author="" box="[136,1078,1670,1697]" journal="Pl. Orient." page="19" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" score="0.41806851306822396" volume="7" year="1846">
<taxonomicName id="4C6AC3CA5666FFFCFF0ACAE5FCFCF905" ID-CoL="QBQ8" authority="Kotschy ex Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient." box="[136,857,1670,1697]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Campanulaceae" genus="Campanula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="persepolitana">
<emphasis id="B91E645B5666FFFCFF0ACAE5FE17F904" bold="true" box="[136,434,1670,1697]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Campanula persepolitana</emphasis>
Kotschy ex Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient.
</taxonomicName>
ser. 1, 7: 19 (1846)
</treatmentCitation>
. (
<figureCitation id="1351A4CC5666FFFCFBCBCAE5FB33F904" box="[1097,1174,1670,1697]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[136,229,1898,1920]" captionTargetBox="[143,1444,995,1868]" captionTargetId="figure-306@1.[140,1447,992,1871]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Distribution of Campanula perpusilla (circle) and C. persepolitana (triangle)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8406810" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8406810/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1351A4CC5666FFFCFB26CAE4FB6AF904" box="[1188,1231,1671,1697]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 3" captionStart-1="FIGURE 4" captionStart-2="FIGURE 5" captionStart-3="FIGURE 6" captionStart-4="FIGURE 7" captionStartId-0="3.[136,229,1170,1192]" captionStartId-1="4.[136,229,1005,1027]" captionStartId-2="4.[136,229,2048,2070]" captionStartId-3="5.[136,229,800,822]" captionStartId-4="6.[136,229,1149,1171]" captionTargetBox-0="[154,1432,188,1143]" captionTargetBox-1="[153,1435,496,976]" captionTargetBox-2="[154,1436,1050,2020]" captionTargetBox-3="[152,1436,280,772]" captionTargetBox-4="[164,1423,187,1122]" captionTargetId-0="figure-17@3.[151,1436,187,1143]" captionTargetId-1="figure-174@4.[151,1436,494,977]" captionTargetId-2="figure-192@4.[151,1436,1049,2020]" captionTargetId-3="figure-61@5.[151,1436,278,773]" captionTargetId-4="figure-26@6.[164,1423,187,1122]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionTargetPageId-3="5" captionTargetPageId-4="6" captionText-0="FIGURE 3. Habitats of Campanula persepolitana. Photograph by A.Z." captionText-1="FIGURE 4. Campanula perpusilla (a) and C. persepolitana (b) in vegetative stage. Photograph by A.Z." captionText-2="FIGURE 5. Campanula persepolitana (a,b) and C. perpusilla (c,d) in flowering time. Photograph by A.Z." captionText-3="FIGURE 6. Trichomes on pedicels of Campanula perpusilla (a) and C. persepolitana (b). Scale bars: 1 mm. Photograph by A.Z." captionText-4="FIGURE 7. Seeds of Campanula persepolitana (af) and C. perpusilla (g,h). Scale bar: 1 mm. Photograph by A.Z." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8406819" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8406821" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8406825" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8406829" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8406831" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/8406819/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/8406821/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/8406825/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/8406829/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/8406831/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">37</figureCitation>
)
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C370EBC25666FFFCFF0ACAACFD0AF94C" box="[136,687,1742,1769]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BD5B8495666FFFCFF0ACAACFD0AF94C" blockId="3.[136,1452,1742,2057]" box="[136,687,1742,1769]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">
<emphasis id="B91E645B5666FFFCFF0ACAACFF66F94C" bold="true" box="[136,195,1743,1769]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Type</emphasis>
:—
<collectingCountry id="F37DF8D95666FFFCFF61CAADFE8FF94D" box="[227,298,1742,1768]" name="Iran" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Persia</collectingCountry>
[
<collectingCountry id="F37DF8D95666FFFCFEBBCAACFECBF94C" box="[313,366,1743,1769]" name="Iran" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Iran</collectingCountry>
]: Kotschy,
<collectionCode id="ED7B208C5666FFFCFE68CAACFDA4F94C" box="[490,513,1743,1769]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15867" name="Royal Botanic Gardens" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" type="Herbarium">K</collectionCode>
.
<collectionCode id="ED7B208C5666FFFCFD8ECAACFD86F94C" box="[524,547,1743,1769]" country="Switzerland" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15706" name="Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" type="Herbarium">G</collectionCode>
.
<collectionCode id="ED7B208C5666FFFCFDACCAACFDE7F94C" box="[558,578,1743,1769]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">T</collectionCode>
., 861,
<collectionCode id="ED7B208C5666FFFCFD08CAACFD03F94C" box="[650,678,1743,1769]" country="Switzerland" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15706" name="Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" type="Herbarium">G</collectionCode>
!.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C370EBC25666FFF9FF3FCA91FDC0F95D" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="289" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" type="description">
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<emphasis id="B91E645B5666FFFCFF3FCA91FEE2F8A9" bold="true" box="[189,327,1778,1804]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Description</emphasis>
:—
<emphasis id="B91E645B5666FFFCFEEECA90FE12F8A8" bold="true" box="[364,439,1779,1805]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Plants</emphasis>
annual, small, fragile, cespitosa and chasmophyte.
<emphasis id="B91E645B5666FFFCFB84CA91FBEBF8A9" bold="true" box="[1030,1102,1778,1804]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Stems</emphasis>
branched (simple), ascending, flexuous, fragile, (0)
<quantity id="4C9215AC5666FFFCFEF2CB74FE73F894" box="[368,470,1815,1841]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="0.7" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" unit="cm" value="1.85" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="0.7">0.73 cm</quantity>
long, arising from the collar of a thin tap-root, glabrescent or sparsely with simple villous hairs up to
<quantity id="4C9215AC5666FFFCFE8ECB58FEEAF8F0" box="[268,335,1851,1877]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
long.
<emphasis id="B91E645B5666FFFCFE1BCB58FE4EF8F0" bold="true" box="[409,491,1851,1877]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Leaves</emphasis>
reniform, 0.42.8 (3) cm in diam., margin slightly to obviously dentate, sometimes repand, subentire or entire, cordate at base, glabrescent, or covered with very sparsely simple hairs (usually short, up to
<quantity id="4C9215AC5666FFFCFF27CBE1FF5FF838" box="[165,250,1922,1949]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
long) on both sides, to glabrous; petioles thin,
<quantity id="4C9215AC5666FFFCFC84CBE0FCD9F838" box="[774,892,1923,1949]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.85" metricValueMax="13.0" metricValueMin="0.7" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" unit="cm" value="6.85" valueMax="13.0" valueMin="0.7">0.713 cm</quantity>
long, glabrescent or covered with sparsely simple hairs, up to
<quantity id="4C9215AC5666FFFCFE92CBC4FEF7F864" box="[272,338,1959,1985]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
long.
<emphasis id="B91E645B5666FFFCFE18CBC5FD9DF865" bold="true" box="[410,568,1958,1984]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Inflorescence</emphasis>
small, corymb,
<quantity id="4C9215AC5666FFFCFD73CBC4FCE0F864" box="[753,837,1959,1985]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" unit="cm" value="4.0" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="1.0">17 cm</quantity>
long, distinctly leafy.
<emphasis id="B91E645B5666FFFCFBC6CBC5FB3FF865" bold="true" box="[1092,1178,1958,1984]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Pedicel</emphasis>
thin, filiform,
<quantity id="4C9215AC5666FFFCFAC0CBC5FA0EF864" box="[1346,1451,1958,1985]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" unit="cm" value="3.75" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="0.5">0.57 cm</quantity>
long, ascending to erect, purple, glabrescent or covered with sparsely to moderately simple hairs, up to
<quantity id="4C9215AC5666FFFCFAAACBA8FACFF840" box="[1320,1386,1995,2021]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
long.
<emphasis id="B91E645B5666FFFCFF0ACB8DFF6BF7AD" bold="true" box="[136,206,2030,2056]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Calyx</emphasis>
lobes lanceolate, to linear-lanceolate or subulate, (1.5)22.5(3) ×
<quantity id="4C9215AC5666FFFCFC2ECB8CFB91F7AC" box="[940,1076,2031,2057]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" unit="mm" value="0.25" valueMax="0.3" valueMin="0.2">0.20.3 mm</quantity>
, ascending, acute, narrowly acute (rarely obtuse) at apex, glabrous, villous at margin, or glabrescent, glabrescent at fruiting time; appendage absent.
<emphasis id="B91E645B5661FFFBFF0ACCA1FF47FF79" bold="true" box="[136,226,194,220]" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">Corolla</emphasis>
tube narrowly cylindrical to campanulate, white (rarely white with pale blue midribs and lobes), 910 ×
<quantity id="4C9215AC5661FFFBFA03CCA1FF13FEA4" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="287" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="2.0">25 mm</quantity>
, glabrous, divided to 1/5 tube; corolla lobes 22.5 ×
<quantity id="4C9215AC5661FFFBFD7FCC85FCD4FEA4" box="[765,881,230,257]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="287" unit="mm" value="1.25" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.0">11.5 mm</quantity>
, elliptic to widely ovate, obtuse; appendage absent.
<emphasis id="B91E645B5661FFFBFF0ACD69FF66FE81" bold="true" box="[136,195,266,292]" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">Style</emphasis>
included in the corolla tube or equal to it,
<quantity id="4C9215AC5661FFFBFD2FCD69FC85FE80" box="[685,800,266,293]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.25" metricValueMax="5.5" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="287" unit="mm" value="5.25" valueMax="5.5" valueMin="5.0">55.5 mm</quantity>
long, white, glabrous, straight.
<emphasis id="B91E645B5661FFFBFB08CD69FB4CFE81" bold="true" box="[1162,1257,266,292]" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">Stigmas</emphasis>
3, usually fused, sometimes distinct, slightly recurved or straight, c.
<quantity id="4C9215AC5661FFFBFD62CD4DFC81FEEC" box="[736,804,302,329]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="287" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
long.
<emphasis id="B91E645B5661FFFBFCF0CD4DFC72FEED" bold="true" box="[882,983,302,328]" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">Stamens</emphasis>
c.
<quantity id="4C9215AC5661FFFBFB82CD4DFBE0FEEC" box="[1024,1093,302,329]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="287" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
long; filament white,
<quantity id="4C9215AC5661FFFBFAC9CD4DFA09FEEC" box="[1355,1452,302,329]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="287" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">23 mm</quantity>
long, with triangular base, base of filament c. 2 ×
<quantity id="4C9215AC5661FFFBFD57CD31FC95FEC8" box="[725,816,338,365]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="287" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
, glabrous; anthers yellow, c.
<quantity id="4C9215AC5661FFFBFB07CD31FB6CFEC8" box="[1157,1225,338,365]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="287" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
long; pollen grains bright yellow.
<emphasis id="B91E645B5661FFFBFEAECD15FEDDFE35" bold="true" box="[300,376,374,400]" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">Ovary</emphasis>
glabrous, shiny green.
<emphasis id="B91E645B5661FFFBFD00CD15FD47FE35" bold="true" box="[642,738,374,400]" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">Capsule</emphasis>
narrowly elliptic shaped, c.
<quantity id="4C9215AC5661FFFBFBA4CD15FB3CFE34" box="[1062,1177,374,401]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="287" unit="mm" value="3.25" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.5">2.54 mm</quantity>
long, glabrous, opening by 3 basal pores.
<emphasis id="B91E645B5661FFFBFED6CDF9FE32FE11" bold="true" box="[340,407,410,436]" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">Seeds</emphasis>
numerous, narrowly ellipsoid, 0.50.7 ×
<quantity id="4C9215AC5661FFFBFCF6CDF9FBA5FE10" box="[884,1024,410,437]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="287" unit="mm" value="0.25" valueMax="0.3" valueMin="0.2">0.20.3 mm</quantity>
, yellow to rarely blue, shiny; surface ornamentation striate.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF15E8C15661FFFBFF0ACF8EFBCAFBA7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8406821" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8406821" box="[136,1135,1005,1027]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8406821/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="287" startId="4.[136,229,1005,1027]" targetBox="[153,1435,496,976]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BD5B8495661FFFBFF0ACF8EFBCAFBA7" blockId="4.[136,1135,1005,1027]" box="[136,1135,1005,1027]" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">
<emphasis id="B91E645B5661FFFBFF0ACF8EFF5BFBA7" bold="true" box="[136,254,1005,1027]" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6AC3CA5661FFFBFE81CF8EFE7FFBA7" box="[259,474,1005,1026]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Campanulaceae" genus="Campanula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="4" pageNumber="287" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="perpusilla">
<emphasis id="B91E645B5661FFFBFE81CF8EFE7FFBA7" box="[259,474,1005,1026]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">Campanula perpusilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(a) and
<taxonomicName id="4C6AC3CA5661FFFBFDA8CF8EFD6FFBA7" box="[554,714,1005,1026]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Campanulaceae" genus="Campanula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="4" pageNumber="287" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="persepolitana">
<emphasis id="B91E645B5661FFFBFDA8CF8EFD6FFBA7" box="[554,714,1005,1026]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">C. persepolitana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(b) in vegetative stage. Photograph by A.Z.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF15E8C15661FFFBFF0AC463FB20F7B0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8406825" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8406825" box="[136,1157,2048,2070]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8406825/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="287" startId="4.[136,229,2048,2070]" targetBox="[154,1436,1050,2020]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BD5B8495661FFFBFF0AC463FB20F7B0" blockId="4.[136,1157,2048,2070]" box="[136,1157,2048,2070]" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">
<emphasis id="B91E645B5661FFFBFF0AC463FF58F7B0" bold="true" box="[136,253,2048,2070]" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6AC3CA5661FFFBFE81C463FE58F7B0" box="[259,509,2048,2069]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Campanulaceae" genus="Campanula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="4" pageNumber="287" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="persepolitana">
<emphasis id="B91E645B5661FFFBFE81C463FE58F7B0" box="[259,509,2048,2069]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">Campanula persepolitana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(a,b) and
<taxonomicName id="4C6AC3CA5661FFFBFDDDC463FD79F7B0" box="[607,732,2048,2069]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Campanulaceae" genus="Campanula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="4" pageNumber="287" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="perpusilla">
<emphasis id="B91E645B5661FFFBFDDDC463FD79F7B0" box="[607,732,2048,2069]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">C. perpusilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(c,d) in flowering time. Photograph by A.Z.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BD5B8495660FFFAFF3FCCFDFB59FEA5" blockId="5.[136,1451,158,257]" pageId="5" pageNumber="288">
<emphasis id="B91E645B5660FFFAFF3FCCFDFE1AFF1D" bold="true" box="[189,447,158,184]" pageId="5" pageNumber="288">Habitat and ecology</emphasis>
:—Both species are either chasmophytes or chomophytes and cannot grow in full sun and are adapted to semi-humid regions.
<taxonomicName id="4C6AC3CA5660FFFAFD33CCA0FCE9FF79" box="[689,844,194,221]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Campanulaceae" genus="Campanula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="288" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="perpusilla">
<emphasis id="B91E645B5660FFFAFD33CCA0FCE9FF79" box="[689,844,194,221]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="288">C. perpusilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distributed on vertical limestone, sandstone or conglomerate and overhanging rocks while
<taxonomicName id="4C6AC3CA5660FFFAFDF1CC84FC88FEA5" box="[627,813,230,257]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Campanulaceae" genus="Campanula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="288" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="persepolitana">
<emphasis id="B91E645B5660FFFAFDF1CC84FC88FEA5" box="[627,813,230,257]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="288">C. persepolitana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
grows on limestone crevices (
<figureCitation id="1351A4CC5660FFFAFB00CC85FB4AFEA5" box="[1154,1263,230,256]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 2" captionStart-1="FIGURE 3" captionStart-2="FIGURE 4" captionStart-3="FIGURE 5" captionStart-4="FIGURE 6" captionStartId-0="2.[136,229,2009,2031]" captionStartId-1="3.[136,229,1170,1192]" captionStartId-2="4.[136,229,1005,1027]" captionStartId-3="4.[136,229,2048,2070]" captionStartId-4="5.[136,229,800,822]" captionTargetBox-0="[153,1436,1013,1981]" captionTargetBox-1="[154,1432,188,1143]" captionTargetBox-2="[153,1435,496,976]" captionTargetBox-3="[154,1436,1050,2020]" captionTargetBox-4="[152,1436,280,772]" captionTargetId-0="figure-342@2.[151,1436,1012,1981]" captionTargetId-1="figure-17@3.[151,1436,187,1143]" captionTargetId-2="figure-174@4.[151,1436,494,977]" captionTargetId-3="figure-192@4.[151,1436,1049,2020]" captionTargetId-4="figure-61@5.[151,1436,278,773]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionTargetPageId-3="4" captionTargetPageId-4="5" captionText-0="FIGURE 2. Habitats of Campanula perpusilla. Conglomerate (a,b) and rocky mountains (c,d). Photograph by A.Z." captionText-1="FIGURE 3. Habitats of Campanula persepolitana. Photograph by A.Z." captionText-2="FIGURE 4. Campanula perpusilla (a) and C. persepolitana (b) in vegetative stage. Photograph by A.Z." captionText-3="FIGURE 5. Campanula persepolitana (a,b) and C. perpusilla (c,d) in flowering time. Photograph by A.Z." captionText-4="FIGURE 6. Trichomes on pedicels of Campanula perpusilla (a) and C. persepolitana (b). Scale bars: 1 mm. Photograph by A.Z." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8406814" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8406819" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8406821" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8406825" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8406829" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/8406814/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/8406819/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/8406821/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/8406825/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/8406829/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="288">Figs. 26</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF15E8C15660FFFAFF0ACF43FAC5FC93" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8406829" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8406829" box="[136,1376,800,823]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8406829/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="288" startId="5.[136,229,800,822]" targetBox="[152,1436,280,772]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BD5B8495660FFFAFF0ACF43FAC5FC93" blockId="5.[136,1376,800,823]" box="[136,1376,800,823]" pageId="5" pageNumber="288">
<emphasis id="B91E645B5660FFFAFF0ACF43FF58FC93" bold="true" box="[136,253,800,822]" pageId="5" pageNumber="288">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
Trichomes on pedicels of
<taxonomicName id="4C6AC3CA5660FFFAFE79CF42FD77FC93" box="[507,722,801,822]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Campanulaceae" genus="Campanula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="288" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="perpusilla">
<emphasis id="B91E645B5660FFFAFE79CF42FD77FC93" box="[507,722,801,822]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="288">Campanula perpusilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(a) and
<taxonomicName id="4C6AC3CA5660FFFAFCA0CF42FC67FC93" box="[802,962,801,822]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Campanulaceae" genus="Campanula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="288" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="persepolitana">
<emphasis id="B91E645B5660FFFAFCA0CF42FC67FC93" box="[802,962,801,822]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="288">C. persepolitana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(b). Scale bars: 1 mm. Photograph by A.Z.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BD5B8495660FFFAFF3FCF06FE4DF8A6" blockId="5.[136,1452,869,1939]" pageId="5" pageNumber="288">
<emphasis id="B91E645B5660FFFAFF3FCF06FD31FCDA" bold="true" box="[189,660,869,895]" pageId="5" pageNumber="288">Taxonomic and distributional remarks:</emphasis>
—Two species
<taxonomicName id="4C6AC3CA5660FFFAFCC2CF06FBC1FCDA" box="[832,1124,869,895]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Campanulaceae" genus="Campanula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="288" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="persepolitana">
<emphasis id="B91E645B5660FFFAFCC2CF06FBC1FCDA" box="[832,1124,869,895]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="288">Campanula persepolitana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C6AC3CA5660FFFAFB18CF06FA89FCDA" box="[1178,1324,869,895]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Campanulaceae" genus="Campanula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="288" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="perpusilla">
<emphasis id="B91E645B5660FFFAFB18CF06FA89FCDA" box="[1178,1324,869,895]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="288">C. perpusilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are closely related Iranian
<taxonomicName id="4C6AC3CA5660FFFAFEB1CFEAFDAAFC06" box="[307,527,905,931]" pageId="5" pageNumber="288">
<emphasis id="B91E645B5660FFFAFEB1CFEAFE13FC06" box="[307,438,905,931]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="288">Campanula</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
which have some identical morphological traits such as reniform leaves and long pedicels and petioles (
<figureCitation id="1351A4CC5660FFFAFE0ACFCEFE7CFC6D" box="[392,473,941,968]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[136,229,1005,1027]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,496,976]" captionTargetId="figure-174@4.[151,1436,494,977]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Campanula perpusilla (a) and C. persepolitana (b) in vegetative stage. Photograph by A.Z." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8406821" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8406821/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="288">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
&amp;
<figureCitation id="1351A4CC5660FFFAFE73CFCEFE5AFC6D" box="[497,511,941,968]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="4.[136,229,2048,2070]" captionTargetBox="[154,1436,1050,2020]" captionTargetId="figure-192@4.[151,1436,1049,2020]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 5. Campanula persepolitana (a,b) and C. perpusilla (c,d) in flowering time. Photograph by A.Z." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8406825" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8406825/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="288">5</figureCitation>
). Previous studies have concluded that the morphological differences between the two species are minimal (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFBC5B85660FFFAFE2DCFB2FCFDFC49" author="Rechinger, K. H. &amp; Schimann-Czeika, H." box="[431,856,977,1004]" pageId="5" pageNumber="288" pagination="1 - 51" refId="ref4227" refString="Rechinger, K. H. &amp; Schimann-Czeika, H. (1965) Flora Iranica, vol. 13. Akademische Druck - u. Verlagsanstalt, Graz, pp. 1 - 51." type="book chapter" year="1965">Rechinger &amp; Schimann-Czeika 1965</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFFBC5B85660FFFAFCE6CFB2FBBAFC4E" author="Aghabeigi, F." box="[868,1055,977,1003]" pageId="5" pageNumber="288" pagination="5 - 75" refId="ref3697" refString="Aghabeigi, F. (2010) Campanula L. In: Assadi, M. et al. (Eds.) Flora of Iran, vol. 66. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran, pp. 5 - 75." type="book chapter" year="2010">Aghabeigi 2010</bibRefCitation>
). Furthermore, the studies indicate that the identities of these species need to be assessed through more collections and field studies of their populations. On the other hand, until the present study
<taxonomicName id="4C6AC3CA5660FFFAFDFEC87AFC9FFB96" box="[636,826,1049,1075]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Campanulaceae" genus="Campanula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="288" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="persepolitana">
<emphasis id="B91E645B5660FFFAFDFEC87AFC9FFB96" box="[636,826,1049,1075]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="288">C. persepolitana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was known only in a few localities close to the
<typeStatus id="54D106EB5660FFFAFAF9C879FA0EFB91" box="[1403,1451,1050,1076]" pageId="5" pageNumber="288">type</typeStatus>
location. Here, a careful examination of living plant species, as well as herbarium specimens of these two species, revealed they are distinct species. The corolla of
<taxonomicName id="4C6AC3CA5660FFFAFD46C802FCFCFBDE" box="[708,857,1121,1147]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Campanulaceae" genus="Campanula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="288" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="perpusilla">
<emphasis id="B91E645B5660FFFAFD46C802FCFCFBDE" box="[708,857,1121,1147]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="288">C. perpusilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is always white with deep blue lobes whereas it is white on
<taxonomicName id="4C6AC3CA5660FFFAFF73C8E6FE0EFB3A" box="[241,427,1157,1183]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Campanulaceae" genus="Campanula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="288" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="persepolitana">
<emphasis id="B91E645B5660FFFAFF73C8E6FE0EFB3A" box="[241,427,1157,1183]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="288">C. persepolitana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(very rarely white with pale blue lobes). It is important to refer that the color of the corolla is obscureor little known to date (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFBC5B85660FFFAFD88C8CAFC17FB61" author="Rechinger, K. H. &amp; Schimann-Czeika, H." box="[522,946,1193,1220]" pageId="5" pageNumber="288" pagination="1 - 51" refId="ref4227" refString="Rechinger, K. H. &amp; Schimann-Czeika, H. (1965) Flora Iranica, vol. 13. Akademische Druck - u. Verlagsanstalt, Graz, pp. 1 - 51." type="book chapter" year="1965">Rechinger &amp; Schimann-Czeika 1965</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFFBC5B85660FFFAFC3FC8CAFBD0FB66" author="Aghabeigi, F." box="[957,1141,1193,1219]" pageId="5" pageNumber="288" pagination="5 - 75" refId="ref3697" refString="Aghabeigi, F. (2010) Campanula L. In: Assadi, M. et al. (Eds.) Flora of Iran, vol. 66. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran, pp. 5 - 75." type="book chapter" year="2010">Aghabeigi 2010</bibRefCitation>
) and the first photographic documentation of the living plant in its habitat is presented here. Moreover, they can be distinguished from each other by the corolla structure.
<taxonomicName id="4C6AC3CA5660FFFAFE1DC892FDFEFAAE" box="[415,603,1265,1291]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Campanulaceae" genus="Campanula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="288" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="persepolitana">
<emphasis id="B91E645B5660FFFAFE1DC892FDFEFAAE" box="[415,603,1265,1291]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="288">C. persepolitana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a longer corolla and the shape of corolla lobesvaries (divided into 1/5 tube vs 1/6; elliptic to widely ovate, obtuse vs widely ovate, acute or acute-obtuse) (
<figureCitation id="1351A4CC5660FFFAFBC4C976FB29FA95" box="[1094,1164,1301,1328]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="4.[136,229,2048,2070]" captionTargetBox="[154,1436,1050,2020]" captionTargetId="figure-192@4.[151,1436,1049,2020]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 5. Campanula persepolitana (a,b) and C. perpusilla (c,d) in flowering time. Photograph by A.Z." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8406825" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8406825/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="288">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
). Indumentum characters appear to have taxonomic significance and have been used in species delimitation of the genus (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFBC5B85660FFFAFB50C95AFF60FAD2" author="Abdollahfard, S. &amp; Sharifnia, F. &amp; Saadatmand, S. &amp; Assadi, M. &amp; Mehregan, I." pageId="5" pageNumber="288" pagination="252 - 263" refId="ref3596" refString="Abdollahfard, S., Sharifnia, F., Saadatmand, S., Assadi, M. &amp; Mehregan, I. (2022) Solving some ambiguities using micromorphological traits in some species of Campanula in the north and northwest of Iran. Rostaniha 23 (2): 252 - 263." type="journal article" year="2022">
Abdollahfard
<emphasis id="B91E645B5660FFFAFAF0C959FA00FAF6" box="[1394,1445,1337,1363]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="288">et al</emphasis>
. 2022
</bibRefCitation>
). Previous studies have concluded that the only reliable difference between the two species is the presence (in
<taxonomicName id="4C6AC3CA5660FFFAFF0AC9E2FEE0FA3E" box="[136,325,1409,1435]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Campanulaceae" genus="Campanula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="288" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="persepolitana">
<emphasis id="B91E645B5660FFFAFF0AC9E2FEE0FA3E" box="[136,325,1409,1435]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="288">C. persepolitana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and the absence (
<taxonomicName id="4C6AC3CA5660FFFAFD9DC9E2FD16FA3E" box="[543,691,1409,1435]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Campanulaceae" genus="Campanula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="288" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="perpusilla">
<emphasis id="B91E645B5660FFFAFD9DC9E2FD16FA3E" box="[543,691,1409,1435]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="288">C. perpusilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) of trichomes (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFBC5B85660FFFAFCE7C9E2FAA9FA39" author="Rechinger, K. H. &amp; Schimann-Czeika, H." box="[869,1292,1409,1436]" pageId="5" pageNumber="288" pagination="1 - 51" refId="ref4227" refString="Rechinger, K. H. &amp; Schimann-Czeika, H. (1965) Flora Iranica, vol. 13. Akademische Druck - u. Verlagsanstalt, Graz, pp. 1 - 51." type="book chapter" year="1965">Rechinger &amp; Schimann-Czeika 1965</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFFBC5B85660FFFAFA9AC9E2FEB0FA1A" author="Aghabeigi, F. &amp; Assadi, M." pageId="5" pageNumber="288" pagination="375 - 385" refId="ref3652" refString="Aghabeigi, F. &amp; Assadi, M. (2008) The genus Campanula (Campanulaceae) in Iran. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 65 (3): 375 - 385. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0960428608004848" type="journal article" year="2008">Aghabeigi &amp; Assadi 2008</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFFBC5B85660FFFAFE9CC9C6FE73FA1A" author="Aghabeigi, F." box="[286,470,1445,1471]" pageId="5" pageNumber="288" pagination="5 - 75" refId="ref3697" refString="Aghabeigi, F. (2010) Campanula L. In: Assadi, M. et al. (Eds.) Flora of Iran, vol. 66. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran, pp. 5 - 75." type="book chapter" year="2010">Aghabeigi 2010</bibRefCitation>
). Our extensive study of a variety of specimens and living materials in their range shows that
<taxonomicName id="4C6AC3CA5660FFFAFF39C9AAFED2FA46" box="[187,375,1481,1507]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Campanulaceae" genus="Campanula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="288" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="persepolitana">
<emphasis id="B91E645B5660FFFAFF39C9AAFED2FA46" box="[187,375,1481,1507]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="288">C. persepolitana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is always hairy, compared with the hairy and hairless forms frequently found within the same
<taxonomicName id="4C6AC3CA5660FFFAFF0AC98EFEB9F9A2" box="[136,284,1517,1543]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Campanulaceae" genus="Campanula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="288" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="perpusilla">
<emphasis id="B91E645B5660FFFAFF0AC98EFEB9F9A2" box="[136,284,1517,1543]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="288">C. perpusilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
populations. Both species have simple, needle-shaped and flatted trichomes. In addition, trichomes are more common and longer on pedicels and also petioles, compared with leaves that are usually glabrescent, sparse or glabrous, and shorter. Although,
<taxonomicName id="4C6AC3CA5660FFFAFE77CA56FD0AF9EA" box="[501,687,1589,1615]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Campanulaceae" genus="Campanula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="288" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="persepolitana">
<emphasis id="B91E645B5660FFFAFE77CA56FD0AF9EA" box="[501,687,1589,1615]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="288">C. persepolitana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have longer trichomes (up to
<quantity id="4C9215AC5660FFFAFC7FCA56FB9BF9F5" box="[1021,1086,1589,1616]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="288" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
compared with 0.4 (1) mm in
<taxonomicName id="4C6AC3CA5660FFFAFA10CA56FF5FF9D6" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Campanulaceae" genus="Campanula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="288" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="perpusilla">
<emphasis id="B91E645B5660FFFAFA10CA56FF5FF9D6" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="288">C. perpusilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) (
<figureCitation id="1351A4CC5660FFFAFE93CA3AFEF0F9D6" box="[273,341,1625,1651]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="5.[136,229,800,822]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,280,772]" captionTargetId="figure-61@5.[151,1436,278,773]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 6. Trichomes on pedicels of Campanula perpusilla (a) and C. persepolitana (b). Scale bars: 1 mm. Photograph by A.Z." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8406829" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8406829/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="288">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
). Seed color is another diagnostic feature between species (
<figureCitation id="1351A4CC5660FFFAFC6BCA3AFB89F9D6" box="[1001,1068,1625,1651]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="6.[136,229,1149,1171]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,187,1122]" captionTargetId="figure-26@6.[164,1423,187,1122]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 7. Seeds of Campanula persepolitana (af) and C. perpusilla (g,h). Scale bar: 1 mm. Photograph by A.Z." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8406831" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8406831/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="288">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
). Finally, the two species are quite geographically separated.
<taxonomicName id="4C6AC3CA5660FFFAFE30CA1EFDCAF932" box="[434,623,1661,1687]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Campanulaceae" genus="Campanula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="288" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="persepolitana">
<emphasis id="B91E645B5660FFFAFE30CA1EFDCAF932" box="[434,623,1661,1687]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="288">C. persepolitana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a vulnerable species and appears to be restricted to the rock crevices of mountains in NW
<collectingRegion id="49AE76AB5660FFFAFEFACAC1FDB3F91E" box="[376,534,1697,1724]" country="Iran" name="Fars" pageId="5" pageNumber="288">Fars province</collectingRegion>
, and represents one of the narrow endemics of the Irano-Turanian region in
<collectingCountry id="F37DF8D95660FFFAFAF5CAC1FA0DF919" box="[1399,1448,1698,1724]" name="Iran" pageId="5" pageNumber="288">Iran</collectingCountry>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C6AC3CA5660FFFAFF0ACAA6FEB9F97A" box="[136,284,1733,1759]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Campanulaceae" genus="Campanula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="288" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="perpusilla">
<emphasis id="B91E645B5660FFFAFF0ACAA6FEB9F97A" box="[136,284,1733,1759]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="288">C. perpusilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a wider range and is found mainly at low altitudes in western and southwestern
<collectingCountry id="F37DF8D95660FFFAFB5ACAA5FAA0F945" box="[1240,1285,1734,1760]" name="Iran" pageId="5" pageNumber="288">Iran</collectingCountry>
and in a small area of Iraqi
<collectingRegion id="49AE76AB5660FFFAFE9ACA8AFE23F8A6" box="[280,390,1769,1795]" country="Iran" name="Kordestan" pageId="5" pageNumber="288">Kurdistan</collectingRegion>
(
<figureCitation id="1351A4CC5660FFFAFE14CA8AFE72F8A6" box="[406,471,1769,1795]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[136,229,1898,1920]" captionTargetBox="[143,1444,995,1868]" captionTargetId="figure-306@1.[140,1447,992,1871]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Distribution of Campanula perpusilla (circle) and C. persepolitana (triangle)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8406810" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8406810/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="288">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD5B8495660FFFAFF3FCB6EFF74F836" blockId="5.[136,1452,869,1939]" pageId="5" pageNumber="288">
Among all known species of the sect.
<emphasis id="B91E645B5660FFFAFDE2CB6EFD78F882" box="[608,733,1805,1831]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="288">Oreocodon</emphasis>
(Fed.) Ogan. only
<taxonomicName id="4C6AC3CA5660FFFAFC2FCB6EFBC2F882" box="[941,1127,1805,1831]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Campanulaceae" genus="Campanula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="288" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="persepolitana">
<emphasis id="B91E645B5660FFFAFC2FCB6EFBC2F882" box="[941,1127,1805,1831]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="288">C. persepolitana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C6AC3CA5660FFFAFB19CB6EFA89F882" box="[1179,1324,1805,1831]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Campanulaceae" genus="Campanula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="288" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="perpusilla">
<emphasis id="B91E645B5660FFFAFB19CB6EFA89F882" box="[1179,1324,1805,1831]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="288">C. perpusilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are annual. While these two species were known as perennial in the
<taxonomicName id="4C6AC3CA5660FFFAFC82CB52FC26F8EE" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" box="[768,899,1841,1867]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Campanulaceae" genus="Campanula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="288" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91E645B5660FFFAFC82CB52FC26F8EE" box="[768,899,1841,1867]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="288">Campanula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
treatment for Flora of
<collectingCountry id="F37DF8D95660FFFAFB00CB51FB0AF8E9" box="[1154,1199,1842,1868]" name="Iran" pageId="5" pageNumber="288">Iran</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFBC5B85660FFFAFB3FCB52FAD0F8EE" author="Aghabeigi, F." box="[1213,1397,1841,1867]" pageId="5" pageNumber="288" pagination="5 - 75" refId="ref3697" refString="Aghabeigi, F. (2010) Campanula L. In: Assadi, M. et al. (Eds.) Flora of Iran, vol. 66. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran, pp. 5 - 75." type="book chapter" year="2010">Aghabeigi 2010</bibRefCitation>
) and Flora Iranica (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFBC5B85660FFFAFEA5CB36FD62F8D5" author="Rechinger, K. H. &amp; Schimann-Czeika, H." box="[295,711,1877,1904]" pageId="5" pageNumber="288" pagination="1 - 51" refId="ref4227" refString="Rechinger, K. H. &amp; Schimann-Czeika, H. (1965) Flora Iranica, vol. 13. Akademische Druck - u. Verlagsanstalt, Graz, pp. 1 - 51." type="book chapter" year="1965">Rechinger &amp; Schimann-Czeika 1965</bibRefCitation>
) and the recent revision of the genus in
<collectingCountry id="F37DF8D95660FFFAFB08CB35FB12F8D5" box="[1162,1207,1878,1904]" name="Iran" pageId="5" pageNumber="288">Iran</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFBC5B85660FFFAFB44CB36FF60F836" author="Aghabeigi, F. &amp; Assadi, M." pageId="5" pageNumber="288" pagination="375 - 385" refId="ref3652" refString="Aghabeigi, F. &amp; Assadi, M. (2008) The genus Campanula (Campanulaceae) in Iran. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 65 (3): 375 - 385. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0960428608004848" type="journal article" year="2008">Aghabeigi &amp; Assadi 2008</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF15E8C15663FFF9FF0AC81EFB78FB37" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8406831" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8406831" box="[136,1245,1149,1171]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8406831/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="289" startId="6.[136,229,1149,1171]" targetBox="[164,1423,187,1122]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BD5B8495663FFF9FF0AC81EFB78FB37" blockId="6.[136,1245,1149,1171]" box="[136,1245,1149,1171]" pageId="6" pageNumber="289">
<emphasis id="B91E645B5663FFF9FF0AC81EFF5BFB37" bold="true" box="[136,254,1149,1171]" pageId="6" pageNumber="289">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
Seeds of
<taxonomicName id="4C6AC3CA5663FFF9FED9C81EFDF0FB37" box="[347,597,1149,1170]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Campanulaceae" genus="Campanula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="289" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="persepolitana">
<emphasis id="B91E645B5663FFF9FED9C81EFDF0FB37" box="[347,597,1149,1170]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="289">Campanula persepolitana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(af) and
<taxonomicName id="4C6AC3CA5663FFF9FD3BC81DFC93FB37" box="[697,822,1149,1171]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Campanulaceae" genus="Campanula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="289" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="perpusilla">
<emphasis id="B91E645B5663FFF9FD3BC81DFC93FB37" box="[697,822,1149,1171]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="289">C. perpusilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(g,h). Scale bar: 1 mm. Photograph by A.Z.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BD5B8495663FFF9FF0AC8A6FCD4FB7F" blockId="6.[136,1369,1221,1315]" box="[136,881,1221,1243]" pageId="6" pageNumber="289">
<taxonomicName id="4C6AC3CA5663FFF9FF0AC8A6FD07FB7E" authority="Bornm., Beih. Bot. Centralbl., Abt." box="[136,674,1221,1243]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Campanulaceae" genus="Asyneuma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="289" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="persicum">
<emphasis id="B91E645B5663FFF9FF0AC8A6FEF4FB7F" bold="true" box="[136,337,1221,1242]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="289">Asyneuma persicum</emphasis>
Bornm.,Beih. Bot. Centralbl., Abt.
</taxonomicName>
2. 38(2): 347 (1921).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD5B8495663FFF9FF0AC88AFC51FB5A" blockId="6.[136,1369,1221,1315]" box="[136,1012,1257,1279]" pageId="6" pageNumber="289">
<taxonomicName id="4C6AC3CA5663FFF9FF0AC88AFE62FB5A" authority="Pau, Trab." authorityName="Pau, Trab." box="[136,455,1257,1279]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Campanulaceae" genus="Campanula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="289" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hystricula">
<emphasis id="B91E645B5663FFF9FF0AC88AFEFBFB5B" box="[136,350,1257,1278]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="289">Campanula hystricula</emphasis>
Pau, Trab.
</taxonomicName>
<collectingRegion id="49AE76AB5663FFF9FE4EC889FE5FFB5A" box="[460,506,1258,1279]" country="Turkey" name="Mus" pageId="6" pageNumber="289">Mus</collectingRegion>
. Nac. Ci. Nat., Ser. Bot. No. 14, 37 (1918).
<emphasis id="B91E645B5663FFF9FC1FC889FC51FB5A" bold="true" box="[925,1012,1258,1279]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="289">syn. nov.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD5B8495663FFF9FF0AC96EFAFCFA86" blockId="6.[136,1369,1221,1315]" box="[136,1369,1293,1315]" pageId="6" pageNumber="289">
<typeStatus id="54D106EB5663FFF9FF0AC96EFF47FA86" box="[136,226,1293,1315]" pageId="6" pageNumber="289">Holotype</typeStatus>
:—Persia [
<collectingCountry id="F37DF8D95663FFF9FEC5C96DFED0FA86" box="[327,373,1294,1315]" name="Iran" pageId="6" pageNumber="289">Iran</collectingCountry>
]:
<location id="8EB5EE925663FFF9FE06C96EFE51FA86" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C3095F5666FFF9FF0ACAE5FDC0F95D:8EB5EE925663FFF9FE06C96EFE51FA86" box="[388,500,1293,1315]" country="Iran" county="River" municipality="Alto Karun" name="Kouh-Sefid" pageId="6" pageNumber="289">Kouh-Sefid</location>
(
<collectingMunicipality id="6BB122335663FFF9FD83C96EFDCAFA86" box="[513,623,1293,1315]" pageId="6" pageNumber="289">Alto Karun</collectingMunicipality>
[
<collectingCounty id="62B4C0C55663FFF9FDF8C96EFD12FA86" box="[634,695,1293,1315]" pageId="6" pageNumber="289">River</collectingCounty>
]),
<quantity id="4C9215AC5663FFF9FD4CC96EFCF0FA86" box="[718,853,1293,1315]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="289" unit="m" value="3250.0" valueMax="3500.0" valueMin="3000.0">
<elevation id="00475F7A5663FFF9FD4CC96EFCF0FA86" box="[718,853,1293,1315]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="289" unit="m" value="3250.0" valueMax="3500.0" valueMin="3000.0">30003500 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<collectorName id="269FDD9F5663FFF9FCDDC96EFBE6FA86" box="[863,1091,1293,1315]" pageId="6" pageNumber="289">Martínez de la Escalera</collectorName>
,
<date id="FFD49E895663FFF9FBCFC96EFB64FA87" box="[1101,1217,1293,1315]" pageId="6" pageNumber="289" value="1899-06-05">
<collectingDate id="EF9067615663FFF9FBCFC96EFB64FA87" box="[1101,1217,1293,1315]" pageId="6" pageNumber="289" value="1899-06-05">5 June 1899</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<specimenCode id="DBCC10325663FFF9FB4FC96EFAEEFA86" box="[1229,1355,1293,1315]" collectionCode="MA" country="Spain" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15682" name="Real Jardín Botánico" pageId="6" pageNumber="289" type="Herbarium">MA 121236</specimenCode>
!).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD5B8495663FFF9FF0AC931FF64FA7D" blockId="6.[136,1452,1362,1784]" pageId="6" pageNumber="289">
<taxonomicName id="4C6AC3CA5663FFF9FF0AC931FE27FAC9" box="[136,386,1362,1388]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Campanulaceae" genus="Campanula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="289" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hystricula">
<emphasis id="B91E645B5663FFF9FF0AC931FE27FAC9" box="[136,386,1362,1388]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="289">Campanula hystricula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is another species described by Pau from the Bakhtiari Mountains based on only one flowering specimen (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFBC5B85663FFF9FE80C915FE43FA35" author="Pau, C. &amp; Vicioso, C." box="[258,486,1398,1424]" pageId="6" pageNumber="289" pagination="148" refId="ref4195" refString="Pau, C. &amp; Vicioso, C. (1918) Plantas de Persia y Mesopotamia. Trabajos del Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Serie Botanica 14: 148." type="journal article" year="1918">Pau &amp;Vicioso 1918</bibRefCitation>
). The species has remained a mystery for over a century and in the few publications mentioning the species name, including Flora of
<collectingCountry id="F37DF8D95663FFF9FD33C9F9FD7BFA11" box="[689,734,1434,1460]" name="Iran" pageId="6" pageNumber="289">Iran</collectingCountry>
and Flora Iranica, and no attempt has been made to clarify this item.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD5B8495663FFF9FF3FC981FD36F9CD" blockId="6.[136,1452,1362,1784]" pageId="6" pageNumber="289">
After examining the voucher specimens and
<typeStatus id="54D106EB5663FFF9FD2CC981FD7BFA59" box="[686,734,1506,1532]" pageId="6" pageNumber="289">type</typeStatus>
locality, we found that it is actually
<taxonomicName id="4C6AC3CA5663FFF9FBF2C981FA09FA59" authority="Bornm." authorityName="Bornm." box="[1136,1452,1506,1532]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Campanulaceae" genus="Asyneuma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="289" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="persicum">
<emphasis id="B91E645B5663FFF9FBF2C981FAF4FA5E" box="[1136,1361,1506,1532]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="289">Asyneuma persicum</emphasis>
Bornm.
</taxonomicName>
due to many characteristics including corolla cleft for 2/33/4 of its length; style longer than corolla; basal leaves of lanceolate, with entire, subentire and slightly dentate margin; cauline leaves of linear-lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, sessile or subsessile, strigose; linear bracts etc.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD5B8495663FFF9FF3FCA11FDC0F95D" blockId="6.[136,1452,1362,1784]" pageId="6" pageNumber="289">
<taxonomicName id="4C6AC3CA5663FFF9FF3FCA11FE3BF92E" box="[189,414,1650,1676]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Campanulaceae" genus="Asyneuma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="289" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="persicum">
<emphasis id="B91E645B5663FFF9FF3FCA11FE3BF92E" box="[189,414,1650,1676]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="289">Asyneuma persicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a common species in the
<location id="8EB5EE925663FFF9FD51CA11FC07F929" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C3095F5666FFF9FF0ACAE5FDC0F95D:8EB5EE925663FFF9FD51CA11FC07F929" box="[723,930,1650,1676]" country="Turkey" county="Depending" municipality="Zagros" name="Zagros Mountains" pageId="6" pageNumber="289">Zagros Mountains</location>
,
<collectingCountry id="F37DF8D95663FFF9FC2ECA11FC59F929" box="[940,1020,1650,1676]" name="Turkey" pageId="6" pageNumber="289">Turkey</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F37DF8D95663FFF9FBB2CA11FBC4F929" box="[1072,1121,1650,1676]" name="Iraq" pageId="6" pageNumber="289">Iraq</collectingCountry>
.
<location id="8EB5EE925663FFF9FBE9CA11FBD9F929" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C3095F5666FFF9FF0ACAE5FDC0F95D:8EB5EE925663FFF9FBE9CA11FBD9F929" box="[1131,1148,1650,1676]" country="Turkey" county="Depending" municipality="Zagros" name="It" pageId="6" pageNumber="289">It</location>
is a common species in the highlands (including the upper forest belt) of
<collectingMunicipality id="6BB122335663FFF9FD09CAF5FD79F915" box="[651,732,1686,1712]" pageId="6" pageNumber="289">Zagros</collectingMunicipality>
, mostly with the cushion-tragacanthic communities.
<collectingCounty id="62B4C0C55663FFF9FAB2CAF5FA0EF915" box="[1328,1451,1686,1712]" pageId="6" pageNumber="289">Depending</collectingCounty>
on various environmental factors and the different vegetation
<typeStatus id="54D106EB5663FFF9FCB5CAD9FCD7F971" box="[823,882,1722,1748]" pageId="6" pageNumber="289">types</typeStatus>
within its range,
<taxonomicName id="4C6AC3CA5663FFF9FBB1CAD9FB1DF976" box="[1075,1208,1722,1748]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Campanulaceae" genus="Asyneuma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="289" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="persicum">
<emphasis id="B91E645B5663FFF9FBB1CAD9FB1DF976" box="[1075,1208,1722,1748]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="289">A. persicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
exhibits a wide range of phenotypic plasticity (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFBC5B85663FFF9FE1DCABDFDFCF95D" author="Aghabeigi, F." box="[415,601,1758,1784]" pageId="6" pageNumber="289" pagination="5 - 75" refId="ref3697" refString="Aghabeigi, F. (2010) Campanula L. In: Assadi, M. et al. (Eds.) Flora of Iran, vol. 66. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran, pp. 5 - 75." type="book chapter" year="2010">Aghabeigi 2010</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>