161 lines
17 KiB
XML
161 lines
17 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.398.6595" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c7e72f54-8eaf-459e-9e22-6c9bc7042b12" ID-PMC="PMC3978228" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-398-83" ID-PubMed="24715803" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2014" ModsDocID="1313-2970-398-83" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 398" ModsDocTitle="Sawfly taxa (Hymenoptera, Symphyta) described by Edward Newman and Charles Healy" checkinTime="1451246012108" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Liston, Andrew D. & Prous, Marko" docDate="2014" docId="6926057364CF87F7C070162C19BF2AA6" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 398: 83-98" docOrigin="ZooKeys 398" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.398.6595" docTitle="Euura mucronata Hartig 1837" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="84" masterDocId="5A0DD270F16BCD00C370FFAB736EFFAB" masterDocTitle="Sawfly taxa (Hymenoptera, Symphyta) described by Edward Newman and Charles Healy" masterLastPageNumber="98" masterPageNumber="83" pageNumber="84" updateTime="1668158183306" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Sawfly taxa (Hymenoptera, Symphyta) described by Edward Newman and Charles Healy</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Liston, Andrew D.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Prous, Marko</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>398</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>83</mods:start>
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<mods:end>98</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.398.6595</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.398.6595</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-398-83</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152052462" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6926057364CF87F7C070162C19BF2AA6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6926057364CF87F7C070162C19BF2AA6" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="84" pageId="1" pageNumber="84">
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="84" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="84">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Euura_mucronata" authority="Hartig, 1837" authorityName="Hartig" authorityYear="1837" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euura mucronata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mucronata">Euura mucronata (Hartig, 1837)</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName family="Tenthredinidae" lsidName="" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" rank="family">Tenthredinidae</taxonomicName>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="84" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="84">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euura gallae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gallae">Euura gallae</taxonomicName>
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Newman, January 1837: 260; sex not stated; type locality: Scotland. syn. n.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="84">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Nematus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nematus (Cryptocampus) mucronatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mucronatus" subGenus="Cryptocampus">Nematus (Cryptocampus) mucronatus</taxonomicName>
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Hartig, March 1837: 223; ♀♂; type locality: not stated.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="84" type="type material examined">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="84">Type material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="84">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euura gallae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gallae">Euura gallae</taxonomicName>
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. Holotype ♀, figs 1-6: "[handwritten] Euura gallae Newm. [printed] Det. in Coll. Ent. Club, Inst.'d 1826.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Pres’d">Pres'd</normalizedToken>
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1927 by Club to Hope Coll.", "[red] Holotype (teste A. Liston, 2013) Euura gallae Newman, 1837", "Euura mucronata (Hartig, 1837) det. Liston 2013", "DEI-GISHym 19993". Condition: apical three flagellomeres of both antennae and right rear tarsus missing.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="85" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" type="discussion">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="84">Discussion.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="84">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Newman’s">Newman's</normalizedToken>
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very short original description of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euura gallae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gallae">Euura gallae</taxonomicName>
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, based on a single specimen [holotype], is impossible to identify as belonging to one of the currently recognised species. The description reads: "Euura gallae. Nigra: antennis nigris, apice ferrugineis: pedibus pallidis. Black: mouth yellow;
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<normalizedToken originalValue="antennæ">antennae</normalizedToken>
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rust-coloured at the tip; the legs entirely pale. The insect is the size of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Nematus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nematus pallipes" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallipes">Nematus pallipes</taxonomicName>
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: the only specimen I have observed was taken by Mr. Walker, in Scotland."
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="84">
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Five specimens bearing the name
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euura gallae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gallae">Euura gallae</taxonomicName>
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, all females, were found in the Hope Collections. Four of these belong to the
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euura atra" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atra">Euura atra</taxonomicName>
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species group. They have nearly completely dark mouthparts, except for the labrum, and the femora are conspicuously black basally. They therefore do not agree with the description of the holotype. The fifth specimen (Figs 1-6) has more extensively pale mouthparts and antennae, the malar area is conspicuously pale, and the legs are almost completely pale. This specimen is identified as the holotype of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euura gallae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gallae">Euura gallae</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="84">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Newman’s">Newman's</normalizedToken>
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description of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euura gallae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gallae">Euura gallae</taxonomicName>
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pre-dates
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Hartig’s">Hartig's</normalizedToken>
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of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Nematus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nematus mucronatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mucronatus">Nematus mucronatus</taxonomicName>
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by a couple of months. Article 23.9 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature is here applied, to reverse the precedence of the species names, because the name
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euura gallae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gallae">Euura gallae</taxonomicName>
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(nomen oblitum) has not been used as valid after 1899, and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euura mucronata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mucronata">Euura mucronata</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Nematus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nematus mucronatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mucronatus">Nematus mucronatus</taxonomicName>
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: nomen protectum) has been used as a valid species name in [very many] more than 25 works published by more than 10 authors in the last 50 years. A list of these references is available from us on request.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="85" pageId="1" pageNumber="84">
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The type species of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euura" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="2" pageNumber="85" start="start">Euura</pageBreakToken>
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</taxonomicName>
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Newman, 1837 by subsequent designation of
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<bibRefCitation author="Rohwer, SA" journalOrPublisher="Technical series / US Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Entomology" pageId="11" pageNumber="94" pagination="69 - 109" title="Technical papers on miscellaneous forest insects. II. The genotypes of the sawflies and woodwasps, or the superfamily Tenthredinoidea." volume="20" year="1911">Rohwer (1911</bibRefCitation>
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: 80) is
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euura gallae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gallae">Euura gallae</taxonomicName>
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Newman, 1837.
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<bibRefCitation author="Dalla Torre, CG de" journalOrPublisher="Sumptibus Guilelmi Engelmann, Lipsiae" pageId="8" pageNumber="91" title="Catalogus Hymenopterorum hucusque descriptorum systematicus et synonymicus" year="1894">Dalla Torre (1894</bibRefCitation>
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: 276) listed
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euura gallae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gallae">Euura gallae</taxonomicName>
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as a valid species of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Cryptocampus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptocampus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cryptocampus</taxonomicName>
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Hartig, 1837, but with a footnote "=? C. saliceti (Fall.)." At this time,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Cryptocampus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptocampus saliceti" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saliceti">Cryptocampus saliceti</taxonomicName>
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(
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Fallén">Fallen</normalizedToken>
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, 1808) was in use as the name of the species called
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euura mucronata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mucronata">Euura mucronata</taxonomicName>
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(Hartig, 1837) by most recent authors.
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<bibRefCitation author="Konow, FW" journalOrPublisher="Genera Insectorum" pageId="10" pageNumber="93" pagination="1 - 176" title="Hymenoptera. Fam. Tenthredinidae." volume="29" year="1905 b">Konow (1905b)</bibRefCitation>
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placed
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euura gallae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gallae">Euura gallae</taxonomicName>
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as a synonym of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Cryptocampus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptocampus medullarius" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="medullarius">Cryptocampus medullarius</taxonomicName>
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(Hartig, 1837). The latter is a junior subjective synonym of the species currently known as
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euura amerinae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amerinae">Euura amerinae</taxonomicName>
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(Linnaeus, 1758).
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<bibRefCitation author="Rohwer, SA" journalOrPublisher="Technical series / US Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Entomology" pageId="11" pageNumber="94" pagination="69 - 109" title="Technical papers on miscellaneous forest insects. II. The genotypes of the sawflies and woodwasps, or the superfamily Tenthredinoidea." volume="20" year="1911">Rohwer (1911</bibRefCitation>
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: 94) and all subsequent authors followed
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Konow’s">Konow's</normalizedToken>
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opinion, in that gallae was regarded as a synonym of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euura amerinae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amerinae">Euura amerinae</taxonomicName>
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, or one of the subjective junior synonyms of that taxon. It is unlikely that any specialist, apart from Newman himself, has examined the holotype of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euura gallae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gallae">Euura gallae</taxonomicName>
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. Clearly, the identity of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euura gallae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gallae">Euura gallae</taxonomicName>
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has until now been widely misinterpreted. As a result of the new identification, the genus group name
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Gemmura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" lsidName="Gemmura" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Gemmura</taxonomicName>
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E. L. Smith, 1968 (type species
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Nematus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nematus mucronatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mucronatus">Nematus mucronatus</taxonomicName>
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Hartig, 1837), proposed as a subgenus of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euura" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Euura</taxonomicName>
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, becomes a junior objective synonym of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euura" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Euura</taxonomicName>
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Newman, sensu stricto. If in future it should be considered that recognition of subgenera within
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euura" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Euura</taxonomicName>
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is necessary, then a new name for the stem-galling groups would be needed. However, in our opinion there is at present neither sufficient phylogenetic support, nor a practical justification (because the genus includes too few species) for such an act. Distinction of species groups, if considered necessary, should be achieved by employing
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“informal”">"informal"</normalizedToken>
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group names whose use is not regulated by the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Such names might, for example, be the "mucronata group" for the bud-gallers and the "atra group" for the stem-gallers.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |