141 lines
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141 lines
12 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.102.24380" ID-PMC="PMC6033956" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-102-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="AA226A35FFF8FFBC37621A40C2518C67" ID-PubMed="30002597" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1306325" ModsDocID="1314-2003-102-1" checkinTime="1530324112772" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="DeFilipps, Robert A. & Krupnick, Gary A." docDate="2018" docId="A32104E7468A5FFDA5735FBFBF1A3612" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 102: 1-341" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 102" docPubDate="2018-06-28" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.102.24380" docTitle="Plantago major L." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" id="AA226A35FFF8FFBC37621A40C2518C67" lastPageNumber="139" masterDocId="AA226A35FFF8FFBC37621A40C2518C67" masterDocTitle="The medicinal plants of Myanmar" masterLastPageNumber="341" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="139" updateTime="1668138950833" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The medicinal plants of Myanmar</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>DeFilipps, Robert A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Deceased</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Krupnick, Gary A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1357-4826</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012, MRC- 166, Washington, DC, 20013 - 7012, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">krupnick@si.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2018-06-28</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>102</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>341</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.102.24380</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.102.24380</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-102-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">AA226A35FFF8FFBC37621A40C2518C67</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">1306325</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="150769044" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A32104E7468A5FFDA5735FBFBF1A3612" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A32104E7468A5FFDA5735FBFBF1A3612" lastPageNumber="139" pageId="138" pageNumber="139">
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<subSubSection pageId="138" pageNumber="139" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="138" pageNumber="139">
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<taxonomicName LSID="A32104E7-468A-5FFD-A573-5FBFBF1A3612" authority="L." authorityName="L." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Plantaginaceae" genus="Plantago" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Plantago major" order="Lamiales" pageId="138" pageNumber="139" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="major">Plantago major L.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="138" pageNumber="139" type="names">
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<paragraph pageId="138" pageNumber="139">Names.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="138" pageNumber="139">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="138" pageNumber="139">Myanmar</emphasis>
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:
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="138" pageNumber="139">a-kyaw ta-htaung</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="138" pageNumber="139">bar-kyaw pin</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="138" pageNumber="139">hsay-kyaw gyi</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="138" pageNumber="139">English</emphasis>
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: broad-leaved plantain, cart-track-plant, common plantain, great plantain, plantain, ribwort, white
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<normalizedToken originalValue="man’s">man's</normalizedToken>
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foot.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="138" pageNumber="139" type="range">
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<paragraph pageId="138" pageNumber="139">Range.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="138" pageNumber="139">Europe and Asia; considered a cosmopolitan weed. In Myanmar, grows naturally in cold places at high altitudes, such as Pyin-oo-lwin and surrounding areas.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="138" pageNumber="139" type="conservation status">
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<paragraph pageId="138" pageNumber="139">Conservation status.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="138" pageNumber="139">
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Least Concern [LC] (
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<bibRefCitation author="IUCN" journalOrPublisher="African Journal of Traditional, Complementary, and Alternative Medicines" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" publicationUrl="http://www.iucnredlist.org/" refId="B117" refString="IUCN, 2017. IUCN Red List of threatened species. IUCN, Gland. http://www.iucnredlist.org/" title="IUCN Red List of threatened species. IUCN, Gland." url="http://www.iucnredlist.org/" year="2017">IUCN 2017</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="138" pageNumber="139" type="uses">
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<paragraph pageId="138" pageNumber="139">Uses.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="138" pageNumber="139">
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Leaves, roots, stems, flowers, and fruits are used.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="138" pageNumber="139">Whole plant</emphasis>
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: Consuming the five parts stewed in water regularly is considered a cure for diabetes; drinking the juice of the five parts every morning and evening is considered a cure for lung disease. The plant can be used either as an oral or external medicine to cure inflammation and aches in the joints, stomach pain, and general aches and pains. It is also widely used as a tonic for strength.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="138" pageNumber="139">Leaf</emphasis>
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and
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="138" pageNumber="139">Root</emphasis>
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: A decoction of the leaves and the root is given for fever of long duration and intermittent fever.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="138" pageNumber="139">Leaf</emphasis>
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: The leaves have cooling properties that promote urination. Finely crushed leaves are used as a poultice on bee, wasp, and other stings to neutralize venom quickly, as well as to stop bleeding from cuts and other injuries. A decoction of the leaves is used as a wash to cleanse sores and stimulate new tissue formation. The leaf decoction is also used warm as a mouthwash and gargle for oral inflammation, swollen and infected gums, and gingivitis. For earaches and ear infections exuding pus, juice from the crushed leaves is used as eardrops applied 2-3 times daily. Juice from the crushed leaves is also given to cure malaria. Steam from cooked leaves is used for steam baths to remedy white vaginal discharge, gonorrhea in men and women, hemorrhoids, and bloating. Leaves roasted until limp are applied twice daily to draw out embedded thorns and to heal sores quickly. Ingesting the leaf decoction with sugar alleviates urinary problems, prickly heat, impetigo (caused by species of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Rosenbach" authorityYear="1884" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Piperaceae" genus="Staphylococcus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Staphylococcus" order="Piperales" pageId="138" pageNumber="139" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="138" pageNumber="139">Staphylococcus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Bacili" family="Streptococcaceae" genus="Streptococcus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Bacteria" lsidName="Streptococcus" order="Lactobacillales" pageId="138" pageNumber="139" phylum="Firmicutes" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="138" pageNumber="139">Streptococcus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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bacteria), erysipelas (caused by
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<taxonomicName class="Bacili" family="Streptococcaceae" genus="Streptococcus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Bacteria" lsidName="Streptococcus" order="Lactobacillales" pageId="138" pageNumber="139" phylum="Firmicutes" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="138" pageNumber="139">Streptococcus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), intestinal disease/ inflammation.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="138" pageNumber="139" type="notes">
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<paragraph pageId="138" pageNumber="139">Notes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="138" pageNumber="139">
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Medicinal uses of this species in India are discussed in
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<bibRefCitation author="Jain, SK" journalOrPublisher="Phytotherapy Research" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" refId="B50" refString="Jain, SK, DeFilipps, RA, 1991. Medicinal Plants of India. 2 Vols. Reference Publications, Inc, Algonac." title="Medicinal Plants of India. 2 Vols. Reference Publications, Inc, Algonac." year="1991">Jain and DeFilipps (1991)</bibRefCitation>
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. Indigenous medicinal uses of the species in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands (India) are described by
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<bibRefCitation author="Dagar, JC" journalOrPublisher="Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" refId="B27" refString="Dagar, JC, Singh, NT, 1999. Plant Resources of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands (Enumeration and Utilisation of Vascular Plants). Vol. II. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun, 281-987." title="Plant Resources of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands (Enumeration and Utilisation of Vascular Plants). Vol. II. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun, 281 - 987." year="1999">Dagar and Singh (1999)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="138" pageNumber="139">
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The medicinal uses of this plant in the Caribbean region, as well as its chemistry, biological activity, toxicity and dosages, are discussed by
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<bibRefCitation author="Germosen-Robineau, L" journalOrPublisher=".. y Tienen Faxones y Fabas Muy Diversos de Los Nuestros ... '' Origin, Evolution and Diversity of Cuban Plant Genetic Resources, Vol. 1. Institut fuer Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung, Gatersleben" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" refId="B40" refString="Germosen-Robineau, L, 1997. Farmacopea Vegetal Caribena, (1st edn). Ediciones Emile Desormeaux, Fort-de-France." title="Farmacopea Vegetal Caribena, (1 st edn). Ediciones Emile Desormeaux, Fort-de-France." year="1997">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Germosén-Robineau">Germosen-Robineau</normalizedToken>
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(1997)
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</bibRefCitation>
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. The chemistry, pharmacology, history, and medicinal uses of this species in Latin America are discussed in detail by
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<bibRefCitation author="Gupta, MP" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" refId="B42" refString="Gupta, MP, 1995. 270 Plantas Medicinales Iberoamericanas. Convenio Andres Bello (CYTED, SECAB, UNESCO), Bogota." title="270 Plantas Medicinales Iberoamericanas. Convenio Andres Bello (CYTED, SECAB, UNESCO), Bogota." year="1995">Gupta (1995)</bibRefCitation>
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. Worldwide medicinal usage, chemical composition, and toxicity of this species are discussed by
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<bibRefCitation author="Duke, JA" journalOrPublisher="Lipid / Fett" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" refId="B32" refString="Duke, JA, 1986. CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida." title="CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida." year="1986">Duke (1986)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="138" pageNumber="139" type="reference">
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<paragraph pageId="138" pageNumber="139">Reference.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="138" pageNumber="139">
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<bibRefCitation author="Agricultural Corporation" journalOrPublisher="Phytotherapy Research" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" refId="B3" refString="Agricultural Corporation, 1980. Burmese Medicinal Plants. Agricultural Corporation, Rangoon. [In Burmese]" title="Burmese Medicinal Plants. Agricultural Corporation, Rangoon. [In Burmese]" year="1980">Agricultural Corporation (1980)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |