241 lines
24 KiB
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241 lines
24 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.891.36027" ID-GBIF-Dataset="dc0e74d5-f9a0-4ae1-93f9-c0f60431eb90" ID-PMC="PMC6882928" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-891-71" ID-Pensoft-UUID="76F1823B3926587AB20B249DB0DD1D1B" ID-PubMed="31802973" ID-ZooBank="F3F32E940AB749C4A108162690F122B4" ModsDocID="1313-2970-891-71" checkinTime="1574358824618" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Dehon, Manuel, Engel, Michael S., Gerard, Maxence, Aytekin, A. Murat, Ghisbain, Guillaume, Williams, Paul H., Rasmont, Pierre & Michez, Denis" docDate="2019" docId="7C3C02D56CD4557CB95BC15FC56225DA" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 891: 71-118" docOrigin="ZooKeys 891" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.891.36027" docTitle="Bombus (Cullumanobombus) trophonius Prokop, Dehon, Michez & Engel 2017" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="76F1823B3926587AB20B249DB0DD1D1B" lastPageNumber="71" masterDocId="76F1823B3926587AB20B249DB0DD1D1B" masterDocTitle="Morphometric analysis of fossil bumble bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Bombini) reveals their taxonomic affinities" masterLastPageNumber="118" masterPageNumber="71" pageNumber="71" updateTime="1668168126927" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Morphometric analysis of fossil bumble bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Bombini) reveals their taxonomic affinities</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Dehon, Manuel</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Engel, Michael S.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Gerard, Maxence</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Aytekin, A. Murat</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Ghisbain, Guillaume</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Williams, Paul H.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Rasmont, Pierre</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Michez, Denis</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2019</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>891</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>71</mods:start>
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<mods:end>118</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.891.36027</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.891.36027</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-891-71</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">F3F32E940AB749C4A108162690F122B4</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">76F1823B3926587AB20B249DB0DD1D1B</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="160511256" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7C3C02D56CD4557CB95BC15FC56225DA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7C3C02D56CD4557CB95BC15FC56225DA" lastPageNumber="71" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="71" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
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<taxonomicName LSID="7C3C02D5-6CD4-557C-B95B-C15FC56225DA" authority="Prokop, Dehon, Michez & Engel, 2017" authorityName="Prokop, Dehon, Michez & Engel" authorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bombus (Cullumanobombus) trophonius" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trophonius" subGenus="Cullumanobombus">Bombus (Cullumanobombus) trophonius Prokop, Dehon, Michez & Engel, 2017</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="71" type="holotype">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Holotype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
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Female. ZD0003 (coll.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Bílina">Bilina</normalizedToken>
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mine). Type specimen has been located and revised (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Representative fossil bumble bees A Bombus (Cullumanobombus) trophonius (photograph by Jakup Prokop) B B. (Cullumanobombus) randeckensis (photograph by Torsten Wappler) C B. vetustus (photograph by Alexandr P. Rasnitsyn) D B. (Cullumanobombus) pristinus (photograph by Irene Zorn and Monika Brueggeman-Ledolter) E B. (Melanobombus) cerdanyensis (photograph by Thibaut De Meulemeester)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.891.36027.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/358114" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.891.36027.figure2">Figs 2A</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Forewing drawings of the fossil bumble bees studied herein. Some forewings were mirrored to enable comparison across all specimens A Oligobombus cuspidatus (mirrored) B Holotype of Calyptapis florissantensis (mirrored) C C. florissantensis D Bombus (Paraelectrobombus) patriciae (mirrored) E B. (Mendacibombus) beskonakensis F B. (Cullumanobombus) trophonius (mirrored) G B. (Cullumanobombus) randeckensis (mirrored) H B. vetustus I B. (Cullumanobombus) pristinus (mirrored) J B. (Melanobombus) cerdanyensis." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.891.36027.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/358115" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.891.36027.figure3">3F</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="71" type="type strata and locality">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Type strata and locality.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
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Lower Miocene (i.e., 20.0 Ma), Clayey Superseam Horizon,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Bílina">Bilina</normalizedToken>
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mine, Czech Republic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="71" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
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The fossil has a wing pattern most similar to
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<taxonomicName lsidName="B. (Cullumanobombus) rufocinctus" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="rufocinctus" subGenus="Cullumanobombus">B. (Cullumanobombus) rufocinctus</taxonomicName>
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Cresson (Milliron 1973;
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<bibRefCitation author="Williams, PH" journalOrPublisher="Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" refId="B138" refString="Williams, PH, Thorp, RW, Richardson, LL, Colla, SR, 2014. Bumblebees of North America. An identification guide. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey" title="Bumblebees of North America. An identification guide." year="2014">Williams et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
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). Moreover, both species display a similar combination of 3Rs about as long as r-rs but shorter than 4Rs, a basal vein basad 1cu-a, a vein 2Rs arched posteriorly but not as greatly prolonged proximally as in several other species of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Cullumanobombus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cullumanobombus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Cullumanobombus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(e.g.,
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10382fv" author="Milliron, HE" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" pagination="1 - 80" refId="B83" refString="Milliron, HE, 1971. A monograph of the western hemisphere bumblebees (Hymenoptera: Apidae; Bombinae). I. The genera Bombus and MegabombussubgenusBombias. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 82: 1 - 80" title="A monograph of the western hemisphere bumblebees (Hymenoptera: Apidae; Bombinae). I. The genera Bombus and MegabombussubgenusBombias." url="https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10382fv" volume="82" year="1971">Milliron 1971</bibRefCitation>
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), and a vein 1m-cu entering second submarginal cell near midpoint. However, the convex pterostigmal border within the marginal cell, less apically narrowed marginal cell, and less arched 2rs-m minimally serve to distinguish the fossil species from
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<taxonomicName lsidName="B. rufocinctus" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="rufocinctus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">B. rufocinctus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. See
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<bibRefCitation author="Prokop, J" journalOrPublisher="Neues Jahrbuch fuer Geologie und Palaeontologie, Monatshefte" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" pagination="561 - 576" refId="B106" refString="Prokop, J, Fleck, G, Nel, A, 2003. New dragonflies from the Lower Miocene (Ottnangian/Karpatian) of the Cypris Shale in western Bohemia (Odonata: Libellulidae). Neues Jahrbuch fuer Geologie und Palaeontologie, Monatshefte 2003: 561 - 576" title="New dragonflies from the Lower Miocene (Ottnangian / Karpatian) of the Cypris Shale in western Bohemia (Odonata: Libellulidae)." volume="2003" year="2003">Prokop et al. (2003)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.710.14714" author="Prokop, J" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" pagination="43 - 63" refId="B107" refString="Prokop, J, Dehon, M, Michez, D, Engel, MS, 2017. An Early Miocene bumble bee from northern Bohemia (Hymenoptera, Apidae). ZooKeys 710: 43 - 63" title="An Early Miocene bumble bee from northern Bohemia (Hymenoptera, Apidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.710.14714" volume="710" year="2017">Prokop et al. (2017)</bibRefCitation>
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for original diagnosis.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="71" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
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Wings and integument black as preserved; forewing total length 14.6 mm; maximum width 5.10 mm; basal vein weakly arched basally, comparatively straight along length, basad cu-a by about vein width, in line with 1Rs; M+Rs originating anteriad, 1Rs slightly shorter than r-rs; pterostigma short, slightly longer than wide, tapering inside of marginal cell, border inside marginal cell convex, prestigma nearly as long as pterostigma; marginal cell length 5.1 mm, width 1.1 mm, free portion slightly shorter than portion bordering submarginal cells, apex rounded and offset from anterior wing margin by much more than vein width, not appendiculate; 2Rs strongly arched basally and slightly arched outward; r-rs about as long as 3Rs; 4Rs slightly longer than 3Rs; three submarginal cells of approximately same sizes, albeit third slightly larger than first or second; first submarginal cell length 0.9 mm (as measured from origin of M+Rs to juncture of r-rs and Rs), width 1.0 mm (as measured from Rs+M to pterostigma); second submarginal cell length 1.3 mm (as measured from juncture of Rs+M and M to juncture of Rs and 1rs-m), width 0.9 mm (as measured from midpoint on M between 1m-cu and 1rs-m to juncture of r-rs and Rs); third submarginal cell length 1.6 mm (as measured from juncture of 1rs-m and M to juncture of M and 2rs-m), width 1.2 mm (as measured from juncture of M and 2m-cu to juncture of 2rs-m and Rs); 1rs-m straight; 2rs-m arched distally in posterior half; 1m-cu distinctly angulate anteriorly near M, entering second submarginal cell near
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<normalizedToken originalValue="cell’s">cell's</normalizedToken>
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midlength; 2m-cu slightly arched apically, meeting third submarginal cell at
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<normalizedToken originalValue="cell’s">cell's</normalizedToken>
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apical fifth of length. Hind wing length 9.4 mm, width 2.6 mm. Preserved portion of mesosoma and legs difficult to describe, although portion of metatibial corbicula preserved (basal quarter to third), and sclerites with numerous, long setae. See
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<bibRefCitation author="Prokop, J" journalOrPublisher="Neues Jahrbuch fuer Geologie und Palaeontologie, Monatshefte" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" pagination="561 - 576" refId="B106" refString="Prokop, J, Fleck, G, Nel, A, 2003. New dragonflies from the Lower Miocene (Ottnangian/Karpatian) of the Cypris Shale in western Bohemia (Odonata: Libellulidae). Neues Jahrbuch fuer Geologie und Palaeontologie, Monatshefte 2003: 561 - 576" title="New dragonflies from the Lower Miocene (Ottnangian / Karpatian) of the Cypris Shale in western Bohemia (Odonata: Libellulidae)." volume="2003" year="2003">Prokop et al. (2003)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.710.14714" author="Prokop, J" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" pagination="43 - 63" refId="B107" refString="Prokop, J, Dehon, M, Michez, D, Engel, MS, 2017. An Early Miocene bumble bee from northern Bohemia (Hymenoptera, Apidae). ZooKeys 710: 43 - 63" title="An Early Miocene bumble bee from northern Bohemia (Hymenoptera, Apidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.710.14714" volume="710" year="2017">Prokop et al. (2017)</bibRefCitation>
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for original description.
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.891.36027.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/358114" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Figure 2.</emphasis>
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Representative fossil bumble bees
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">A</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bombus (Cullumanobombus) trophonius" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trophonius" subGenus="Cullumanobombus">Bombus (Cullumanobombus) trophonius</taxonomicName>
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(photograph by Jakup Prokop)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">B</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName lsidName="B. (Cullumanobombus) randeckensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="randeckensis" subGenus="Cullumanobombus">B. (Cullumanobombus) randeckensis</taxonomicName>
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(photograph by Torsten Wappler)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">C</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName lsidName="B. vetustus" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="vetustus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">B. vetustus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(photograph by Alexandr P. Rasnitsyn)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">D</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName lsidName="B. (Cullumanobombus) pristinus" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="pristinus" subGenus="Cullumanobombus">B. (Cullumanobombus) pristinus</taxonomicName>
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(photograph by Irene Zorn and Monika
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Brüggeman-Ledolter">Brueggeman-Ledolter</normalizedToken>
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)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">E</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName lsidName="B. (Melanobombus) cerdanyensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="cerdanyensis" subGenus="Melanobombus">B. (Melanobombus) cerdanyensis</taxonomicName>
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(photograph by Thibaut De Meulemeester).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.891.36027.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/358115" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Figure 3.</emphasis>
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Forewing drawings of the fossil bumble bees studied herein. Some forewings were mirrored to enable comparison across all specimens
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">A</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Oligobombus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oligobombus cuspidatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cuspidatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Oligobombus cuspidatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(mirrored)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">B</emphasis>
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Holotype of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Calyptapis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calyptapis florissantensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="florissantensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Calyptapis florissantensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(mirrored)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">C</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. florissantensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="florissantensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">C. florissantensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">D</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bombus (Paraelectrobombus) patriciae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="patriciae" subGenus="Paraelectrobombus">Bombus (Paraelectrobombus) patriciae</taxonomicName>
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(mirrored)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">E</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName lsidName="B. (Mendacibombus) beskonakensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="beskonakensis" subGenus="Mendacibombus">B. (Mendacibombus) beskonakensis</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">F</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName lsidName="B. (Cullumanobombus) trophonius" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="trophonius" subGenus="Cullumanobombus">B. (Cullumanobombus) trophonius</taxonomicName>
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(mirrored)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">G</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName lsidName="B. (Cullumanobombus) randeckensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="randeckensis" subGenus="Cullumanobombus">B. (Cullumanobombus) randeckensis</taxonomicName>
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(mirrored)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">H</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName lsidName="B. vetustus" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="vetustus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">B. vetustus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">I</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName lsidName="B. (Cullumanobombus) pristinus" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="pristinus" subGenus="Cullumanobombus">B. (Cullumanobombus) pristinus</taxonomicName>
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(mirrored)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">J</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName lsidName="B. (Melanobombus) cerdanyensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="cerdanyensis" subGenus="Melanobombus">B. (Melanobombus) cerdanyensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="71" type="comments">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Comments.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
|
||
The specimen was first reported as
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bombus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Bombus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Prokop, J" journalOrPublisher="Neues Jahrbuch fuer Geologie und Palaeontologie, Monatshefte" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" pagination="561 - 576" refId="B106" refString="Prokop, J, Fleck, G, Nel, A, 2003. New dragonflies from the Lower Miocene (Ottnangian/Karpatian) of the Cypris Shale in western Bohemia (Odonata: Libellulidae). Neues Jahrbuch fuer Geologie und Palaeontologie, Monatshefte 2003: 561 - 576" title="New dragonflies from the Lower Miocene (Ottnangian / Karpatian) of the Cypris Shale in western Bohemia (Odonata: Libellulidae)." volume="2003" year="2003">Prokop et al. (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.710.14714" author="Prokop, J" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" pagination="43 - 63" refId="B107" refString="Prokop, J, Dehon, M, Michez, D, Engel, MS, 2017. An Early Miocene bumble bee from northern Bohemia (Hymenoptera, Apidae). ZooKeys 710: 43 - 63" title="An Early Miocene bumble bee from northern Bohemia (Hymenoptera, Apidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.710.14714" volume="710" year="2017">Prokop et al. (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
demonstrated that the fossil clustered within contemporary
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Cullumanobombus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cullumanobombus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Cullumanobombus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and formally described the species. Although the majority of contemporary species of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Cullumanobombus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cullumanobombus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Cullumanobombus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are found in the New World and a few species in the Old World,
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/10635150801898912" author="Hines, HM" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" pagination="58 - 75" refId="B55" refString="Hines, HM, 2008. Historical biogeography, divergence times, and diversification patterns of bumblebees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Bombus). Systematic Biology 57: 58 - 75" title="Historical biogeography, divergence times, and diversification patterns of bumblebees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Bombus)." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/10635150801898912" volume="57" year="2008">Hines (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
estimated that the subgenus originated around 20.0-15.0 Ma in the Palearctic. Our result, as well as that of
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.710.14714" author="Prokop, J" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" pagination="43 - 63" refId="B107" refString="Prokop, J, Dehon, M, Michez, D, Engel, MS, 2017. An Early Miocene bumble bee from northern Bohemia (Hymenoptera, Apidae). ZooKeys 710: 43 - 63" title="An Early Miocene bumble bee from northern Bohemia (Hymenoptera, Apidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.710.14714" volume="710" year="2017">Prokop et al. (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, is consistent with
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/10635150801898912" author="Hines, HM" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" pagination="58 - 75" refId="B55" refString="Hines, HM, 2008. Historical biogeography, divergence times, and diversification patterns of bumblebees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Bombus). Systematic Biology 57: 58 - 75" title="Historical biogeography, divergence times, and diversification patterns of bumblebees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Bombus)." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/10635150801898912" volume="57" year="2008">Hines (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as the fossil specimen was found in the Lower Miocene (i.e., 20.0 Ma) deposits of
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bílina">Bilina</normalizedToken>
|
||
Mine in northern Bohemia (Czech Republic).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |