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<document id="21F6523D7D3E8307C7391BF1F7E20332" ID-DOI="10.1590/1982-0224-2021-0009" ID-ISSN="1982-0224" IM.bibliography_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1720669084001" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Peixoto, Luiz Antônio Wanderley &amp; de Pinna, Mário" docDate="2022" docId="03D75034FFDDE405FD65572A720DFC08" docLanguage="en" docName="NeotropIchthyol.20.1.e210009.pdf" docOrigin="Neotropical Ichthyology (e 210009) 20 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2021-0009" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FC0C3FD10650AF21F8DA93D98D275823.3:NeotropIchthyol.2020-.journal_article" docStyleId="FC0C3FD10650AF21F8DA93D98D275823" docStyleName="NeotropIchthyol.2020-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Pariosternarchus Albert &amp; Crampton 2006" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" masterDocId="FFEE284CFFE1E438FFB65162717CF803" masterDocTitle="Patterns of diversification and phylogenetic structure in the dorsolateral head musculature of Neotropical electric eels (Ostariophysi: Gymnotiformes), with a myological synonymy" updateTime="1720680001096" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="460BC1F80193F44735406B941485118D">Patterns of diversification and phylogenetic structure in the dorsolateral head musculature of Neotropical electric eels (Ostariophysi: Gymnotiformes), with a myological synonymy</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4CA51BF07DD87E70D020BA183EDF9134">Peixoto, Luiz Antônio Wanderley</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7BE9D7372B1B8D4E2EBEB8AAC3DDD2AB">de Pinna, Mário</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="78E6D2AE486874BAFDE9ED2E0477744F">Neotropical Ichthyology</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="4EEBF63B9F52F4C2AC2C1697FB728FB3">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:title id="94C852594A4EE21363434354A1FD6F27">e 210009</mods:title>
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<mods:number id="4D6F504395307DDAE2C08785D1A809A1">2022-04-01</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="1A7398B9B95D7DA2D3EBD30D60D02D44">journal volume</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="80E7E6C38E569DE28444CDAA4372A01E" type="DOI">10.1590/1982-0224-2021-0009</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="B28E8C7F6B6D889D18CCB559D58D4C5F" type="ISSN">1982-0224</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03D75034FFDDE405FD65572A720DFC08" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12720059" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12720059" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D75034FFDDE405FD65572A720DFC08" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D75034FFDDE405FD65572A720DFC08" lastPageId="61" pageId="60">
<subSubSection id="C364B2A9FFDDE404FD65572A75FBFF65" pageId="60" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BC1E122FFDDE404FD65572A75B4FE63" blockId="60.[723,1224,1608,1633]" box="[723,1224,1608,1633]" pageId="60">
<heading id="D089564EFFDDE404FD65572A75B4FE63" box="[723,1224,1608,1633]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="60" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C7E9AA1FFDDE404FD65572A75B4FE63" ID-CoL="63LJQ" ID-ENA="2175715" authority="Albert &amp; Crampton, 2006" authorityName="Albert &amp; Crampton" authorityYear="2006" box="[723,1224,1608,1633]" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Pariosternarchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnotiformes" pageId="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90A3D30FFDDE404FD65572A72E3FE63" bold="true" box="[723,927,1608,1632]" pageId="60">Pariosternarchus</emphasis>
Albert &amp; Crampton, 2006
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC1E122FFDDE404FDB057F175FBFF65" blockId="60.[488,1461,1683,1894]" pageId="60">
<emphasis id="B90A3D30FFDDE404FDB057F17262FEA8" bold="true" box="[518,798,1683,1707]" pageId="60">Adductor mandibulae.</emphasis>
The
<emphasis id="B90A3D30FFDDE404FCDE57F172C8FEA8" box="[872,948,1683,1707]" italics="true" pageId="60">malaris</emphasis>
arises from hyomandibula and preopercle, converging anteriorly to the buccopalatal membrane, where the anterodorsal portion differentiates into an endomaxilar ligament, equal to 2/3 to the fibrous portion of the
<emphasis id="B90A3D30FFDDE404FE5F56617349FF18" box="[489,565,1795,1819]" italics="true" pageId="60">malaris</emphasis>
, to an insertion at the connective tissue between the anterior margin of the premaxilla and upper lip; and the anteroventral fibers converges into an ectomaxillary ligament that inserts at the posterolateral face of the maxilla.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C364B2A9FFDCE405FDB051DC720DFC08" pageId="61" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC1E122FFDCE405FDB051DC75B0FA03" blockId="61.[486,1459,190,662]" pageId="61">
The
<emphasis id="B90A3D30FFDCE405FD8D51DC73C2F8D5" box="[571,702,190,214]" italics="true" pageId="61">ricto-stegalis</emphasis>
originates in the parasphenoid, hyomandibula, sphenotic, quadrate, and metapterygoid. At its origin, the lateralmost portion of the
<emphasis id="B90A3D30FFDCE405FB1751817458F8F8" box="[1185,1316,227,251]" italics="true" pageId="61">ricto-stegalis</emphasis>
, presumably corresponding to the
<emphasis id="B90A3D30FFDCE405FD5D506A7253F923" box="[747,815,264,288]" italics="true" pageId="61">rictalis</emphasis>
, is separated dorsally from the fibers of the presumed
<emphasis id="B90A3D30FFDCE405FE5E504C734EF945" box="[488,562,302,326]" italics="true" pageId="61">stegalis</emphasis>
by the
<emphasis id="B90A3D30FFDCE405FD20504C7204F945" box="[662,888,302,326]" italics="true" pageId="61">levator arcus palatini</emphasis>
, becoming continuous at their mid-portion and partially differentiated towards their insertion sites. The fibers corresponding to the
<emphasis id="B90A3D30FFDCE405FE5E501A7350F993" box="[488,556,376,400]" italics="true" pageId="61">rictalis</emphasis>
inserts mainly into the coronoid process; and the presumed
<emphasis id="B90A3D30FFDCE405FB5B501A744BF993" box="[1261,1335,376,400]" italics="true" pageId="61">stegalis</emphasis>
converges into an intersegmental aponeurosis weakly differentiated, where its ventral portion differentiates into the meckelian tendon to an insertion to the coronomeckelian bone, and the anterodorsal fibers converges into the mandibular tendon.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC1E122FFDCE405FDB0536C73CAFA96" blockId="61.[486,1459,190,662]" pageId="61">
The
<emphasis id="B90A3D30FFDCE405FD8C536D7240FA25" box="[570,828,526,550]" italics="true" pageId="61">segmentum mandibularis</emphasis>
is located dorsally to Meckels cartilage, extending about 60% of the dorsal portion of this cartilage. The
<emphasis id="B90A3D30FFDCE405FBA953567415FA48" box="[1055,1385,563,587]" italics="true" pageId="61">ramus mandibularis trigeminus</emphasis>
nerve trespasses the
<emphasis id="B90A3D30FFDCE405FD33533A7274FA73" box="[645,776,600,624]" italics="true" pageId="61">ricto-stegalis</emphasis>
, and lies lateral to the presumptive
<emphasis id="B90A3D30FFDCE405FB29533A7595FA73" box="[1183,1257,600,624]" italics="true" pageId="61">stegalis</emphasis>
and mesial to the
<emphasis id="B90A3D30FFDCE405FE5F531C7351FA95" box="[489,557,638,662]" italics="true" pageId="61">rictalis</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="B90A3D30FFDCE405FDD5531C73D3FA95" box="[611,687,638,662]" italics="true" pageId="61">malaris</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC1E122FFDCE405FDB053AB720DFC08" blockId="61.[487,1460,712,1035]" pageId="61">
<emphasis id="B90A3D30FFDCE405FDB053AB7269FAE3" bold="true" box="[518,789,712,737]" pageId="61">Levator arcus palatini.</emphasis>
The
<emphasis id="B90A3D30FFDCE405FCE453AA7556FAE3" box="[850,1066,712,736]" italics="true" pageId="61">levator arcus palatini</emphasis>
has a roughly parallelogram shape, originating from the ventral margin of the frontal, pterosphenoid and sphenotic and inserting onto the hyomandibula. The origin of the
<emphasis id="B90A3D30FFDCE405FB8B5271746BFB28" box="[1085,1303,787,811]" italics="true" pageId="61">levator arcus palatini</emphasis>
is equal to its insertion. At the insertion, the anterolateral and posterolateral fiber bundles of the
<emphasis id="B90A3D30FFDCE405FADA525A730DFB75" italics="true" pageId="61">levator arcus palatini</emphasis>
are lateral to the
<emphasis id="B90A3D30FFDCE405FC9B523C7205FB75" box="[813,889,862,886]" italics="true" pageId="61">malaris</emphasis>
and dorsolaterally to the presumed
<emphasis id="B90A3D30FFDCE405FAB2523C7434FB75" box="[1284,1352,862,886]" italics="true" pageId="61">rictalis</emphasis>
; while its anteromesial and posteromesial bundles are medial to the
<emphasis id="B90A3D30FFDCE405FBC052E175BEFB98" box="[1142,1218,899,923]" italics="true" pageId="61">malaris</emphasis>
and to the presumed
<emphasis id="B90A3D30FFDCE405FE5F52CA7351FBC3" box="[489,557,936,960]" italics="true" pageId="61">rictalis</emphasis>
. The anteriormost fibers of the
<emphasis id="B90A3D30FFDCE405FC0752CA75E8FBC3" box="[945,1172,936,960]" italics="true" pageId="61">levator arcus palatini</emphasis>
presents an aponeurotic aspect. This muscle has a mesial arrangement where the anterior margin of the
<emphasis id="B90A3D30FFDCE405FAC652AC7345FC08" italics="true" pageId="61">dilator operculi</emphasis>
exceeds its median portion.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>