plazi/treatments-xml
2
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull requests Releases Activity
treatments-xml/data/03/83/87/038387B8FA5AFFC6FF41FA939E9AFE49.xml
maintenance bc2564723d added 03
2024-06-21 12:22:17 +02:00

616 lines
97 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document id="5587CFA71D05D55A8DA65502664B0070" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.196048" ID-GBIF-Dataset="13d33753-e255-4773-94cc-5775bedcb99a" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="196048" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460237311270" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Suarez-Morales, Eduardo" docDate="2010" docId="038387B8FA5AFFC6FF41FA939E9AFE49" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02510p067.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2510" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Monstrilla leucopis Sars 1921" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="62" masterDocId="FFBAFFC0FA5BFFCEFFD6FFDC9A02FFDB" masterDocTitle="On the taxonomic status of Monstrilla leucopis Sars (Crustacea: Copepoda: Monstrilloida) from Norway, with comments on the male of M. longiremis Giesbrecht" masterLastPageNumber="67" masterPageNumber="55" pageNumber="56" updateTime="1698239833695" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="4F14714E4090F94AF3FF08FF29D0CD94" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="A2AF4DE780169E4567A34C0B5BCA265A">
<mods:title id="7429EEE5D3AD76A7E070BB4A8C111CBF">On the taxonomic status of Monstrilla leucopis Sars (Crustacea: Copepoda: Monstrilloida) from Norway, with comments on the male of M. longiremis Giesbrecht</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="9F2B3C4F468D7F6A2BD91B31D14C5739" type="personal">
<mods:role id="D5AF4426A9135F672499CFEE459D20AD">
<mods:roleTerm id="8D79ACABF8FCA776ABD3F3B396F80EC1">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="429C46968481ABEEF13E7F0A1056DB08">Suarez-Morales, Eduardo</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="7E780494F82F9A11D56E8BC2206C59CA">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="E3BA3598DAC35E4ED66D9701A9954F6B" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="39473FDD754FEA7D0413CB8E560943B2">
<mods:title id="0F1A429AC9746D74EEEBC96DC2AD5873">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="2182F4CC02821795618C145391F1975E">
<mods:date id="104ECF94C1B41A3EF9B04E8E5FA720F4">2010</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="58C51314C0F7AA336370AA6C1DBB24E2" type="volume">
<mods:number id="C2827CC28AD1EF6F0E79883D9931924F">2510</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="98919696716DF6F6B2180B6EC5DFFCC9" unit="page">
<mods:start id="19645EA381E1ED8DDA6E8D6CF6BF48EF">55</mods:start>
<mods:end id="817CA6DFEC2524770635394157D05201">67</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="F5E0F5403B5AA39F91DDC71ED5E1DFE9">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="5CB9DC71C55456CFC9F043411FCAF374" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.196048</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="E3B1BDB4EB9135CE040407EB93D0A4C2" type="GBIF-Dataset">13d33753-e255-4773-94cc-5775bedcb99a</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="8CF0A4CE22FC21958AA3965EBB5A8E36" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="9CC776F83B3792F07DF8C7056E260453" type="Zenodo-Dep">196048</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="038387B8FA5AFFC6FF41FA939E9AFE49" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6201230" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119388753" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6201230" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038387B8FA5AFFC6FF41FA939E9AFE49" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038387B8FA5AFFC6FF41FA939E9AFE49" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">
<subSubSection id="C3306525FA5AFFCFFF41FA939B15FA57" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B9536AEFA5AFFCFFF41FA93980BFAB2" blockId="1.[151,521,1359,1420]" box="[151,521,1359,1385]" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">
<heading id="D0DD81C2FA5AFFCFFF41FA93980BFAB2" bold="true" box="[151,521,1359,1385]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D2DFA5AFFCFFF41FA93980BFAB2" authority="Sars, 1921" authorityName="Sars" authorityYear="1921" box="[151,521,1359,1385]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Monstrilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucopis">
<emphasis id="B95EEABCFA5AFFCFFF41FA93980BFAB2" bold="true" box="[151,521,1359,1385]" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="B95EEABCFA5AFFCFFF41FA939B82FAB2" bold="true" box="[151,384,1359,1385]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">Monstrilla leucopis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB4B5FFA5AFFCFFE5EFA93980BFAB2" author="Sars" box="[392,521,1359,1385]" pageId="1" pageNumber="67" refString="Sars, G. O. (1921) An account of the Crustacea of Norway with short descriptions and figures of all the species. VIII. Copepoda Monstrilloida &amp; Notodelphyoida. The Bergen Museum, Bergen, pp. 1 - 91, pls. I - XXXVII." type="book chapter" year="1921">Sars, 1921</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9536AEFA5AFFCFFF41FAAE9B15FA57" blockId="1.[151,521,1359,1420]" box="[151,279,1394,1420]" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">
(
<figureCitation id="13112A2BFA5AFFCFFF49FAAE9B0DFA57" box="[159,271,1394,1420]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="3.[151,255,1899,1923]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,255,1782,1806]" captionStartId-2="5.[151,256,1738,1762]" captionStartId-3="6.[151,257,1735,1759]" captionTargetBox-0="[186,1405,236,1898]" captionTargetBox-1="[181,1409,192,1733]" captionTargetBox-2="[152,1406,181,1737]" captionTargetBox-3="[187,1394,189,1734]" captionTargetId-0="figure@3.[151,1436,194,1942]" captionTargetId-1="figure@4.[151,1436,144,1761]" captionTargetId-2="figure@5.[151,1436,121,1770]" captionTargetId-3="figure@6.[151,1436,137,1770]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-2="5" captionTargetPageId-3="6" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Monstrilla leucopis Sars, 1921, adult syntypic female from Kvalø, Norway. A) habitus, lateral; B) habitus, lateral; C) habitus, dorsal; D) anterior cephalic region, ventral view; E) same, dorsal view. Scale bars: A – C = 0.5 mm, D, E = 0.1 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Monstrilla leucopis Sars, 1921, adult syntypic females from Kvalø, Norway. A) cephalic area, lateral view, showing cuticular ornamentation and ventral processes (arrowed); B) same from another specimen; C) same, another specimen (processes arrowed); D) left antennule showing remains of armature; E) right antennule; F) separate section of third antennular segment; G) separate section of fourth antennular segment; H) separate section of distal area of antennule; I) separate section with first and second antennular segments. Nomenclature of setal elements follows Grygier &amp; Ohtsuka (1995). Scale bars: A – C, F – I = 0.1 mm; D, E = 0.25 mm." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Monstrilla leucopis Sars, 1921, adult syntypic females from Kvalø, Norway. A) fifth pedigerous somite, genital double somite and two free urosomites, lateral view; B) same, from another specimen; C) same, another specimen; D) specimen depicted in B, dorsal view; E) specimen depicted in B, fifth legs omitted. Scale bars: A – E = 0.1 mm." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Monstrilla leucopis Sars, 1921, adult syntypic female from Kvalø, Norway. A) urosome and fifth legs, ventral view; B) first swimming leg; C) second swimming leg; D) third swimming leg; E) endopodite of third swimming leg, another specimen; F) endopod of first swimming leg, another specimen. Scale bars: A – E = 0.1 mm; F = 0.05 mm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/196049/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/196050/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/196051/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/196052/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">Figs. 1–4</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3306525FA5AFFCFFF41FA6198CDF9CF" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B9536AEFA5AFFCFFF41FA619830FA0F" blockId="1.[151,794,1469,1556]" box="[151,562,1469,1492]" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D2DFA5AFFCFFF41FA619BE2FA0F" authority="Sars, 1921" authorityName="Sars" authorityYear="1921" box="[151,480,1469,1492]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Monstrilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucopis">
<emphasis id="B95EEABCFA5AFFCFFF41FA619B65FA0F" box="[151,359,1469,1492]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">Monstrilla leucopis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB4B5FFA5AFFCFFEBBFA619BE2FA0F" author="Sars" box="[365,480,1469,1492]" pageId="1" pageNumber="67" refString="Sars, G. O. (1921) An account of the Crustacea of Norway with short descriptions and figures of all the species. VIII. Copepoda Monstrilloida &amp; Notodelphyoida. The Bergen Museum, Bergen, pp. 1 - 91, pls. I - XXXVII." type="book chapter" year="1921">Sars, 1921</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, pl. VII
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9536AEFA5AFFCFFF41FA0198CDF9CF" blockId="1.[151,794,1469,1556]" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D2DFA5AFFCFFF41FA019B0AFA2F" box="[151,264,1501,1524]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Monstrilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95EEABCFA5AFFCFFF41FA019B0AFA2F" box="[151,264,1501,1524]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">Monstrilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(?)
<emphasis id="B95EEABCFA5AFFCFFEE4FA019B71FA2F" box="[306,371,1501,1524]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">danae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB4B5FFA5AFFCFFEACFA019810FA2F" author="Scott" box="[378,530,1501,1524]" pageId="1" pageNumber="67" refString="Scott, T. (1900) Notes on some gatherings of Crustacea collected for most part on board the fishery steamer &quot; Garland &quot; and examined during the past year (1899). 18 th Annual Report of the Fishery Board for Scotland, being for the Year 1899. Part III. Scientific Investigations, 9, 382 - 407." type="journal article" year="1900">T. Scott, 1900</bibRefCitation>
, p. 398–399, figs. 15–20
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D2DFA5AFFCFFF41FA219B5CF9CF" box="[151,350,1533,1556]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Monstrilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anglica">
<emphasis id="B95EEABCFA5AFFCFFF41FA219B5CF9CF" box="[151,350,1533,1556]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">Monstrilla anglica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB4B5FFA5AFFCFFEBAFA219801F9CF" author="Scott" box="[364,515,1533,1556]" pageId="1" pageNumber="67" refString="Scott, T. (1904) Notes on some rare and interesting marine Crustacea. 22 nd Annual Report of the Fishery Board for Scotland, being for the Year 1903. Part III. Scientific Investigations 12, 242 - 260." type="journal article" year="1904">T. Scott, 1904</bibRefCitation>
, p. 246, figs.12–14
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3306525FA5AFFCFFF41F99F9F3DF97C" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B9536AEFA5AFFCFFF41F99F9F3DF97C" blockId="1.[151,1437,1602,2002]" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="B95EEABCFA5AFFCFFF41F99F9BA4F987" box="[151,422,1603,1628]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">Material examined. —</emphasis>
Five adult females from Kvalø, northeast
<collectingCountry id="F33D763EFA5AFFCFFC7EF99E9E09F987" box="[936,1035,1602,1628]" name="Norway" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">Norway</collectingCountry>
. Specimens deposited in the Sars Collection, Zoological Museum, University of Oslo,
<collectingCountry id="F33D763EFA5AFFCFFCDFF9B49968F959" box="[777,874,1640,1666]" name="Norway" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">Norway</collectingCountry>
. Specimens (F21803), ethanol-preserved, badly damaged, several body parts separated in vial, many setae missing, all specimens’ antennules broken off.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3306525FA5AFFCBFF10F96F98BBF834" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9536AEFA5AFFCCFF10F96F9E51FF0C" blockId="1.[151,1437,1602,2002]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,152,1200]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="B95EEABCFA5AFFCFFF10F96F9810F917" box="[198,530,1715,1740]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">Description of adult females</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B95EEABCFA5AFFCFFDF2F96F983CF917" box="[548,574,1715,1740]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">—</emphasis>
Total body length 2.84–3.26 mm (mean: 3.04 mm, n=4), measured from anterior end of cephalothorax to posterior end of anal somite. Cephalothorax representing between 58.9 % and 59.7 % of total body length. Oral papilla slightly protuberant (
<figureCitation id="13112A2BFA5AFFCFFC88F921999CF8CC" box="[862,926,1789,1815]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1899,1923]" captionTargetBox="[186,1405,236,1898]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,194,1942]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Monstrilla leucopis Sars, 1921, adult syntypic female from Kvalø, Norway. A) habitus, lateral; B) habitus, lateral; C) habitus, dorsal; D) anterior cephalic region, ventral view; E) same, dorsal view. Scale bars: A – C = 0.5 mm, D, E = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/196049/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
A, B), located slightly less than 40% of way back along ventral surface of cephalothorax (
<figureCitation id="13112A2BFA5AFFCFFD62F8FE98F5F8E7" box="[692,759,1826,1852]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1899,1923]" captionTargetBox="[186,1405,236,1898]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,194,1942]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Monstrilla leucopis Sars, 1921, adult syntypic female from Kvalø, Norway. A) habitus, lateral; B) habitus, lateral; C) habitus, dorsal; D) anterior cephalic region, ventral view; E) same, dorsal view. Scale bars: A – C = 0.5 mm, D, E = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/196049/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
A–C). Ocelli and pigment cups inconspicuous. Cephalic segment with medial notch on “forehead”, visible in dorsal and ventral views (
<figureCitation id="13112A2BFA5AFFCFFBCDF8949E5EF8B9" box="[1051,1116,1864,1890]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1899,1923]" captionTargetBox="[186,1405,236,1898]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,194,1942]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Monstrilla leucopis Sars, 1921, adult syntypic female from Kvalø, Norway. A) habitus, lateral; B) habitus, lateral; C) habitus, dorsal; D) anterior cephalic region, ventral view; E) same, dorsal view. Scale bars: A – C = 0.5 mm, D, E = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/196049/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
D, E); sensilla not observed on cephalic area. Faint cuticular wrinkles arranged in loose parallel pattern near bases of antennules surrounding two longitudinal ventral rows each of three small, ear-shaped cuticular processes (
<figureCitation id="13112A2BFA5AFFCFFBEEF84E9E7AF877" box="[1080,1144,1938,1964]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1899,1923]" captionTargetBox="[186,1405,236,1898]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,194,1942]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Monstrilla leucopis Sars, 1921, adult syntypic female from Kvalø, Norway. A) habitus, lateral; B) habitus, lateral; C) habitus, dorsal; D) anterior cephalic region, ventral view; E) same, dorsal view. Scale bars: A – C = 0.5 mm, D, E = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/196049/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
D); processes arranged in slightly different patterns in at least three specimens (
<figureCitation id="13112A2BFA5AFFCFFD26F8649931F809" box="[752,819,1976,2002]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1782,1806]" captionTargetBox="[181,1409,192,1733]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,144,1761]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Monstrilla leucopis Sars, 1921, adult syntypic females from Kvalø, Norway. A) cephalic area, lateral view, showing cuticular ornamentation and ventral processes (arrowed); B) same from another specimen; C) same, another specimen (processes arrowed); D) left antennule showing remains of armature; E) right antennule; F) separate section of third antennular segment; G) separate section of fourth antennular segment; H) separate section of distal area of antennule; I) separate section with first and second antennular segments. Nomenclature of setal elements follows Grygier &amp; Ohtsuka (1995). Scale bars: A – C, F – I = 0.1 mm; D, E = 0.25 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/196050/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
A–C). Other ventral cuticular ornamentation including usual nipple-like processes (scars) on anterior ventral surface above oral papilla; these processes radially ridged and furrowed (arrowed in
<figureCitation id="13112A2BFA59FFCCFE17FF619802FF0C" box="[449,512,189,215]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1899,1923]" captionTargetBox="[186,1405,236,1898]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,194,1942]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Monstrilla leucopis Sars, 1921, adult syntypic female from Kvalø, Norway. A) habitus, lateral; B) habitus, lateral; C) habitus, dorsal; D) anterior cephalic region, ventral view; E) same, dorsal view. Scale bars: A – C = 0.5 mm, D, E = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/196049/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
A, B). Pores and pits on body surface not described.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9536AEFA59FFCCFF10FF3E9E30FD2B" blockId="2.[151,1437,152,1200]" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">
Antennules relatively long, slender, equal to 37% of total body length and 59% of cephalothorax length. Antennules four-segmented, intersegmental divisions inconspicuous, armed with at least 0;
<date id="FF94106EFA59FFCCFB02FED49F00FEF9" box="[1236,1282,264,290]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">1-V</date>
;
<date id="FF94106EFA59FFCCFAC6FED49F37FEF9" box="[1296,1333,264,290]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">2-I</date>
;
<date id="FF94106EFA59FFCCFA94FED49F9EFEF9" box="[1346,1436,264,290]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" value="1910-08">10-VIII</date>
setae (Arabic numerals) and spines (Roman numerals), plus two aesthetascs (
<figureCitation id="13112A2BFA59FFCCFBC3FEF19E58FE9C" box="[1045,1114,301,327]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1782,1806]" captionTargetBox="[181,1409,192,1733]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,144,1761]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Monstrilla leucopis Sars, 1921, adult syntypic females from Kvalø, Norway. A) cephalic area, lateral view, showing cuticular ornamentation and ventral processes (arrowed); B) same from another specimen; C) same, another specimen (processes arrowed); D) left antennule showing remains of armature; E) right antennule; F) separate section of third antennular segment; G) separate section of fourth antennular segment; H) separate section of distal area of antennule; I) separate section with first and second antennular segments. Nomenclature of setal elements follows Grygier &amp; Ohtsuka (1995). Scale bars: A – C, F – I = 0.1 mm; D, E = 0.25 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/196050/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
D–I; cf.
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB4B5FFA59FFCCFB6DFEF19F31FE9C" author="Sars" box="[1211,1331,301,327]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" refString="Sars, G. O. (1921) An account of the Crustacea of Norway with short descriptions and figures of all the species. VIII. Copepoda Monstrilloida &amp; Notodelphyoida. The Bergen Museum, Bergen, pp. 1 - 91, pls. I - XXXVII." type="book chapter" year="1921">Sars 1921</bibRefCitation>
: pl. VII). Most setal elements broken off in each specimen; armature reconstructed on basis of adding all elements and setal sockets present in any specimen. In terms of Grygier and Ohtsuka’s (1995) terminology for female monstrilloid antennular armature, element 1 absent on first segment of all specimens examined; elements 2d1, 2d2,
<date id="FF94106EFA59FFCCFAEAFE419F48FE6C" box="[1340,1354,413,439]" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">2</date>
v1,
<date id="FF94106EFA59FFCCFAA6FE419F7CFE6C" box="[1392,1406,413,439]" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">2</date>
v2,
<date id="FF94106EFA59FFCCFF41FE199AA7FE04" box="[151,165,453,479]" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">2</date>
v3, and IId on second segment (socket only of IId confirmed in specimens examined); with first four listed setal elements short in both antennules (
<figureCitation id="13112A2BFA59FFCCFDF7FE319867FDDC" box="[545,613,493,519]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1782,1806]" captionTargetBox="[181,1409,192,1733]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,144,1761]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Monstrilla leucopis Sars, 1921, adult syntypic females from Kvalø, Norway. A) cephalic area, lateral view, showing cuticular ornamentation and ventral processes (arrowed); B) same from another specimen; C) same, another specimen (processes arrowed); D) left antennule showing remains of armature; E) right antennule; F) separate section of third antennular segment; G) separate section of fourth antennular segment; H) separate section of distal area of antennule; I) separate section with first and second antennular segments. Nomenclature of setal elements follows Grygier &amp; Ohtsuka (1995). Scale bars: A – C, F – I = 0.1 mm; D, E = 0.25 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/196050/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
D, E, I). Third segment with elements 3, IIId, and IIIv, presented only by sockets in specimens examined (
<figureCitation id="13112A2BFA59FFCCFDC8FDCF9864FDF6" box="[542,614,531,557]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1782,1806]" captionTargetBox="[181,1409,192,1733]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,144,1761]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Monstrilla leucopis Sars, 1921, adult syntypic females from Kvalø, Norway. A) cephalic area, lateral view, showing cuticular ornamentation and ventral processes (arrowed); B) same from another specimen; C) same, another specimen (processes arrowed); D) left antennule showing remains of armature; E) right antennule; F) separate section of third antennular segment; G) separate section of fourth antennular segment; H) separate section of distal area of antennule; I) separate section with first and second antennular segments. Nomenclature of setal elements follows Grygier &amp; Ohtsuka (1995). Scale bars: A – C, F – I = 0.1 mm; D, E = 0.25 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/196050/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
F; cf. complete armature of segment depicted in
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB4B5FFA59FFCCFB7AFDCF9F2DFDF6" author="Sars" box="[1196,1327,531,557]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" refString="Sars, G. O. (1921) An account of the Crustacea of Norway with short descriptions and figures of all the species. VIII. Copepoda Monstrilloida &amp; Notodelphyoida. The Bergen Museum, Bergen, pp. 1 - 91, pls. I - XXXVII." type="book chapter" year="1921">Sars, 1921</bibRefCitation>
: pl. VII). Fourth segment bearing elements
<date id="FF94106EFA59FFCCFDF3FDE49841FD89" box="[549,579,568,594]" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">4v</date>
1, 4d1,2, and
<date id="FF94106EFA59FFCCFD03FDE498F1FD89" box="[725,755,568,594]" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">4v</date>
2–3 as well as setae IVd, IVv, Vm, and Vv (
<figureCitation id="13112A2BFA59FFCCFB3CFDE49F32FD89" box="[1258,1328,568,594]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1782,1806]" captionTargetBox="[181,1409,192,1733]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,144,1761]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Monstrilla leucopis Sars, 1921, adult syntypic females from Kvalø, Norway. A) cephalic area, lateral view, showing cuticular ornamentation and ventral processes (arrowed); B) same from another specimen; C) same, another specimen (processes arrowed); D) left antennule showing remains of armature; E) right antennule; F) separate section of third antennular segment; G) separate section of fourth antennular segment; H) separate section of distal area of antennule; I) separate section with first and second antennular segments. Nomenclature of setal elements follows Grygier &amp; Ohtsuka (1995). Scale bars: A – C, F – I = 0.1 mm; D, E = 0.25 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/196050/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
D, E, G); elements 4aes, Vd, Vm, and 5 not observed in specimens examined, but depicted by
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB4B5FFA59FFCCFB72FDBD9F9AFDA0" author="Sars" box="[1188,1432,609,635]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" refString="Sars, G. O. (1921) An account of the Crustacea of Norway with short descriptions and figures of all the species. VIII. Copepoda Monstrilloida &amp; Notodelphyoida. The Bergen Museum, Bergen, pp. 1 - 91, pls. I - XXXVII." type="book chapter" year="1921">Sars (1921: pl. VII)</bibRefCitation>
. Subterminal elements b1–3 present (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB4B5FFA59FFCCFDF3FD5A98F4FD7B" author="Sars" box="[549,758,646,672]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" refString="Sars, G. O. (1921) An account of the Crustacea of Norway with short descriptions and figures of all the species. VIII. Copepoda Monstrilloida &amp; Notodelphyoida. The Bergen Museum, Bergen, pp. 1 - 91, pls. I - XXXVII." type="book chapter" year="1921">Sars 1921: pl. VII</bibRefCitation>
), unbranched. Aesthetasc 6aes as well as terminal elements 6 1 and 6 2 broken off in the specimens examined, but present in the species (cf.
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB4B5FFA59FFCCFBC2FD729E8BFD13" author="Sars" box="[1044,1161,686,712]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" refString="Sars, G. O. (1921) An account of the Crustacea of Norway with short descriptions and figures of all the species. VIII. Copepoda Monstrilloida &amp; Notodelphyoida. The Bergen Museum, Bergen, pp. 1 - 91, pls. I - XXXVII." type="book chapter" year="1921">Sars 1921</bibRefCitation>
: pl. VII). Elements b4-b6 neither observed in the present specimens (
<figureCitation id="13112A2BFA59FFCCFD56FD0A98C6FD2B" box="[640,708,726,752]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1782,1806]" captionTargetBox="[181,1409,192,1733]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,144,1761]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Monstrilla leucopis Sars, 1921, adult syntypic females from Kvalø, Norway. A) cephalic area, lateral view, showing cuticular ornamentation and ventral processes (arrowed); B) same from another specimen; C) same, another specimen (processes arrowed); D) left antennule showing remains of armature; E) right antennule; F) separate section of third antennular segment; G) separate section of fourth antennular segment; H) separate section of distal area of antennule; I) separate section with first and second antennular segments. Nomenclature of setal elements follows Grygier &amp; Ohtsuka (1995). Scale bars: A – C, F – I = 0.1 mm; D, E = 0.25 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/196050/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
H), nor depicted by
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB4B5FFA59FFCCFC71FD0A9E2CFD2B" author="Sars" box="[935,1070,726,752]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" refString="Sars, G. O. (1921) An account of the Crustacea of Norway with short descriptions and figures of all the species. VIII. Copepoda Monstrilloida &amp; Notodelphyoida. The Bergen Museum, Bergen, pp. 1 - 91, pls. I - XXXVII." type="book chapter" year="1921">Sars (1921)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9536AEFA59FFCCFF10FD209E93FB6B" blockId="2.[151,1437,152,1200]" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">
Cephalically incorporated first pedigerous somite and succeeding three free pedigerous somites each bearing a pair of biramous swimming legs. Swimming legs 1–4 slightly increasing in size posteriorly. Intercoxal sclerites of legs 1–4 rectangular, without ornamentation on surface or along distal margin. Basis of these legs articulating with large, rectangular coxa along diagonal posterior line. Basis with hair-like lateral seta on legs 1–4 (cf.
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB4B5FFA59FFCCFE5DFC4D9806FC70" author="Sars" box="[395,516,913,939]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" refString="Sars, G. O. (1921) An account of the Crustacea of Norway with short descriptions and figures of all the species. VIII. Copepoda Monstrilloida &amp; Notodelphyoida. The Bergen Museum, Bergen, pp. 1 - 91, pls. I - XXXVII." type="book chapter" year="1921">Sars 1921</bibRefCitation>
: pl. VII), but this seta not observed in the present specimens (
<figureCitation id="13112A2BFA59FFCCFB0DFC4D9F20FC70" box="[1243,1314,913,939]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,257,1735,1759]" captionTargetBox="[187,1394,189,1734]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,137,1770]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Monstrilla leucopis Sars, 1921, adult syntypic female from Kvalø, Norway. A) urosome and fifth legs, ventral view; B) first swimming leg; C) second swimming leg; D) third swimming leg; E) endopodite of third swimming leg, another specimen; F) endopod of first swimming leg, another specimen. Scale bars: A – E = 0.1 mm; F = 0.05 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/196052/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
B–D); this seta slightly thicker and longer on leg 3 than on other legs, lightly setulated from insertion (cf.
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB4B5FFA59FFCCFB2FFC6A9F70FC0B" author="Sars" box="[1273,1394,950,976]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" refString="Sars, G. O. (1921) An account of the Crustacea of Norway with short descriptions and figures of all the species. VIII. Copepoda Monstrilloida &amp; Notodelphyoida. The Bergen Museum, Bergen, pp. 1 - 91, pls. I - XXXVII." type="book chapter" year="1921">Sars 1921</bibRefCitation>
: pl. VII). Endopodites and exopodites of swimming legs 1–4 triarticulated. Ramus setae all biserially plumose except spiniform outer seta (“spine”) on exopod 1 and 3. Inner seta of first exopodal segment absent on legs 1–4 (
<figureCitation id="13112A2BFA59FFCCFF02FBFA9B18FB9B" box="[212,282,1062,1088]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,257,1735,1759]" captionTargetBox="[187,1394,189,1734]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,137,1770]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Monstrilla leucopis Sars, 1921, adult syntypic female from Kvalø, Norway. A) urosome and fifth legs, ventral view; B) first swimming leg; C) second swimming leg; D) third swimming leg; E) endopodite of third swimming leg, another specimen; F) endopod of first swimming leg, another specimen. Scale bars: A – E = 0.1 mm; F = 0.05 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/196052/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
B–D,
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB4B5FFA59FFCCFEB7FBFA9BD8FB9B" author="Sars" box="[353,474,1062,1088]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" refString="Sars, G. O. (1921) An account of the Crustacea of Norway with short descriptions and figures of all the species. VIII. Copepoda Monstrilloida &amp; Notodelphyoida. The Bergen Museum, Bergen, pp. 1 - 91, pls. I - XXXVII." type="book chapter" year="1921">Sars 1921</bibRefCitation>
: pl. VII). Outermost apical exopodal setae (also a “spine”) of swimming legs 1–4 with inner margin bearing sparse row of short, hair-like setules, outer margin lightly spinulose to tip (
<figureCitation id="13112A2BFA59FFCCFABDFB909AAAFB50" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,257,1735,1759]" captionTargetBox="[187,1394,189,1734]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,137,1770]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Monstrilla leucopis Sars, 1921, adult syntypic female from Kvalø, Norway. A) urosome and fifth legs, ventral view; B) first swimming leg; C) second swimming leg; D) third swimming leg; E) endopodite of third swimming leg, another specimen; F) endopod of first swimming leg, another specimen. Scale bars: A – E = 0.1 mm; F = 0.05 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/196052/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
B,C). Outermost seta of third endopodal segment of legs 2–4 modified, thick-walled, stout (
<figureCitation id="13112A2BFA59FFCCFB31FBAD9F32FB50" box="[1255,1328,1137,1163]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,257,1735,1759]" captionTargetBox="[187,1394,189,1734]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,137,1770]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Monstrilla leucopis Sars, 1921, adult syntypic female from Kvalø, Norway. A) urosome and fifth legs, ventral view; B) first swimming leg; C) second swimming leg; D) third swimming leg; E) endopodite of third swimming leg, another specimen; F) endopod of first swimming leg, another specimen. Scale bars: A – E = 0.1 mm; F = 0.05 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/196052/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
C). Third endopodal segment of leg 1 with only four setae (
<figureCitation id="13112A2BFA59FFCCFD0DFB4A9920FB6B" box="[731,802,1174,1200]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,257,1735,1759]" captionTargetBox="[187,1394,189,1734]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,137,1770]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Monstrilla leucopis Sars, 1921, adult syntypic female from Kvalø, Norway. A) urosome and fifth legs, ventral view; B) first swimming leg; C) second swimming leg; D) third swimming leg; E) endopodite of third swimming leg, another specimen; F) endopod of first swimming leg, another specimen. Scale bars: A – E = 0.1 mm; F = 0.05 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/196052/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
B, F) in at least two specimens.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9536AEFA59FFCCFF41FB3D9E7DFAB0" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">
<table id="F92AC40EFA590031FF41FB3D9E7DFAB0" box="[151,1151,1249,1387]" gridcols="3" gridrows="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">
<tr id="351A34ECFA590031FF41FB3D9E7DFB20" box="[151,1151,1249,1275]" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
<th id="76CB5D90FA590031FF41FB3D984FFB20" box="[151,589,1249,1275]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Armature formula of swimming legs:</th>
</tr>
<tr id="351A34ECFA590031FF41FADA9E7DFAFB" box="[151,1151,1286,1312]" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">
<th id="76CB5D90FA590031FF41FADA984FFAFB" box="[151,589,1286,1312]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">basi</th>
<td id="76CB5D90FA590031FD70FADA994CFAFB" box="[678,846,1286,1312]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">endopodite</td>
<td id="76CB5D90FA590031FC0EFADA9E7DFAFB" box="[984,1151,1286,1312]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">exopodite</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351A34ECFA590031FF41FAF09E7DFA9D" box="[151,1151,1324,1350]" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">
<th id="76CB5D90FA590031FF41FAF0984FFA9D" box="[151,589,1324,1350]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">leg 1 1-0</th>
<td id="76CB5D90FA590031FD70FAF0994CFA9D" box="[678,846,1324,1350]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">0-1; 0-1; 2,2</td>
<td id="76CB5D90FA590031FC0EFAF09E7DFA9D" box="[984,1151,1324,1350]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">I-0; 0-1; II,3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351A34ECFA590031FF41FA8D9E7DFAB0" box="[151,1151,1361,1387]" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">
<th id="76CB5D90FA590031FF41FA8D984FFAB0" box="[151,589,1361,1387]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">legs 2–4 1-0</th>
<td id="76CB5D90FA590031FD70FA8D994CFAB0" box="[678,846,1361,1387]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">0-1; 0-1; 1,2,2</td>
<td id="76CB5D90FA590031FC0EFA8D9E7DFAB0" box="[984,1151,1361,1387]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">I-0; 0-1; II,2,2</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9536AEFA59FFCCFF10FA409B71F9FD" blockId="2.[151,1437,1436,1984]" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">
Fifth legs medially conjoined at expanded base, unsegmented, each consisting of relatively large, strong outer (exopodal) lobe tapering distally (
<figureCitation id="13112A2BFA59FFCCFDBBFA1D98BCFA00" box="[621,702,1473,1499]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,256,1738,1762]" captionTargetBox="[152,1406,181,1737]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,121,1770]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Monstrilla leucopis Sars, 1921, adult syntypic females from Kvalø, Norway. A) fifth pedigerous somite, genital double somite and two free urosomites, lateral view; B) same, from another specimen; C) same, another specimen; D) specimen depicted in B, dorsal view; E) specimen depicted in B, fifth legs omitted. Scale bars: A – E = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/196051/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
A, B, 4A). Lobe armed with two equally long exopodal setae, reaching level of distal margin of anal somite (cf.
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB4B5FFA59FFCCFD29FA3A997FF9DB" author="Sars" box="[767,893,1510,1536]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" refString="Sars, G. O. (1921) An account of the Crustacea of Norway with short descriptions and figures of all the species. VIII. Copepoda Monstrilloida &amp; Notodelphyoida. The Bergen Museum, Bergen, pp. 1 - 91, pls. I - XXXVII." type="book chapter" year="1921">Sars 1921</bibRefCitation>
: pl. VII); all setae of fifth legs broken off in females examined.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9536AEFA59FFCCFF10F9ED9F80F81B" blockId="2.[151,1437,1436,1984]" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">
Urosome consisting of four somites: fifth pedigerous bearing fifth legs, genital double somite, free postgenital somite, and free anal somite. Fifth pedigerous somite representing about 4.5% of total body length, about as long as two postgenital somites together. Genital double somite relatively long, representing between 6 % and 6.5 % of total body length; ratio of its length and lengths of two succeeding somites 56.2: 27: 16.8 = 100. Double somite with cuticular striae near outer distal margins, ventral surface with rounded protuberance on anterior proximal margin (
<figureCitation id="13112A2BFA59FFCCFD59F93098D1F8DD" box="[655,723,1772,1798]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,256,1738,1762]" captionTargetBox="[152,1406,181,1737]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,121,1770]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Monstrilla leucopis Sars, 1921, adult syntypic females from Kvalø, Norway. A) fifth pedigerous somite, genital double somite and two free urosomites, lateral view; B) same, from another specimen; C) same, another specimen; D) specimen depicted in B, dorsal view; E) specimen depicted in B, fifth legs omitted. Scale bars: A – E = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/196051/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
E), this being more prominent in one specimen than in others (
<figureCitation id="13112A2BFA59FFCCFF49F8CD9AE4F8F0" box="[159,230,1809,1835]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,256,1738,1762]" captionTargetBox="[152,1406,181,1737]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,121,1770]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Monstrilla leucopis Sars, 1921, adult syntypic females from Kvalø, Norway. A) fifth pedigerous somite, genital double somite and two free urosomites, lateral view; B) same, from another specimen; C) same, another specimen; D) specimen depicted in B, dorsal view; E) specimen depicted in B, fifth legs omitted. Scale bars: A – E = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/196051/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
C). Anterior half of genital double somite with outer margins expanded laterally (
<figureCitation id="13112A2BFA59FFCCFB70F8CD9EE9F8F0" box="[1190,1259,1809,1835]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,256,1738,1762]" captionTargetBox="[152,1406,181,1737]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,121,1770]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Monstrilla leucopis Sars, 1921, adult syntypic females from Kvalø, Norway. A) fifth pedigerous somite, genital double somite and two free urosomites, lateral view; B) same, from another specimen; C) same, another specimen; D) specimen depicted in B, dorsal view; E) specimen depicted in B, fifth legs omitted. Scale bars: A – E = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/196051/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
D). Ovigerous spines on proximal half of ventral side of double somite; spines paired, arising separately from low ventral expansion of somite surface (
<figureCitation id="13112A2BFA59FFCCFE21F880983CF8AD" box="[503,574,1884,1910]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,256,1738,1762]" captionTargetBox="[152,1406,181,1737]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,121,1770]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Monstrilla leucopis Sars, 1921, adult syntypic females from Kvalø, Norway. A) fifth pedigerous somite, genital double somite and two free urosomites, lateral view; B) same, from another specimen; C) same, another specimen; D) specimen depicted in B, dorsal view; E) specimen depicted in B, fifth legs omitted. Scale bars: A – E = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/196051/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
A). Ovigerous spines relatively short, about 19.5 % of total body length and 32% as long as cephalothorax. One specimen showing adhering egg clusters along spines covered by thin, gelatinous sheath (
<figureCitation id="13112A2BFA59FFCCFEA7F87A9BB1F81B" box="[369,435,1958,1984]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1899,1923]" captionTargetBox="[186,1405,236,1898]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,194,1942]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Monstrilla leucopis Sars, 1921, adult syntypic female from Kvalø, Norway. A) habitus, lateral; B) habitus, lateral; C) habitus, dorsal; D) anterior cephalic region, ventral view; E) same, dorsal view. Scale bars: A – C = 0.5 mm, D, E = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/196049/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
A); tips of spines separated from each other, with slight distal narrowing (
<figureCitation id="13112A2BFA59FFCCFAC1F87A9F5EF81B" box="[1303,1372,1958,1984]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,256,1738,1762]" captionTargetBox="[152,1406,181,1737]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,121,1770]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Monstrilla leucopis Sars, 1921, adult syntypic females from Kvalø, Norway. A) fifth pedigerous somite, genital double somite and two free urosomites, lateral view; B) same, from another specimen; C) same, another specimen; D) specimen depicted in B, dorsal view; E) specimen depicted in B, fifth legs omitted. Scale bars: A – E = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/196051/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
A).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF556626FA58FFCDFF41F8B79B14F818" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/196049/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" targetBox="[186,1405,236,1898]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8B9536AEFA58FFCDFF41F8B79B14F818" blockId="3.[151,1436,1899,1987]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="B95EEABCFA58FFCDFF41F8B79B18F858" bold="true" box="[151,282,1899,1923]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D2DFA58FFCDFEF7F8B0986CF858" authority="Sars, 1921" authorityName="Sars" authorityYear="1921" box="[289,622,1900,1923]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Monstrilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucopis">
<emphasis id="B95EEABCFA58FFCDFEF7F8B09BF1F858" box="[289,499,1900,1923]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">Monstrilla leucopis</emphasis>
Sars, 1921
</taxonomicName>
, adult syntypic female from Kvalø, Norway. A) habitus, lateral; B) habitus, lateral; C) habitus, dorsal; D) anterior cephalic region, ventral view; E) same, dorsal view. Scale bars: A–C=0.5 mm, D, E= 0.1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF556626FA5FFFCAFF41F92A9963F875" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/196050/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" targetBox="[181,1409,192,1733]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8B9536AEFA5FFFCAFF41F92A9963F875" blockId="4.[151,1437,1782,1966]" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="B95EEABCFA5FFFCAFF41F92A9B1BF8D5" bold="true" box="[151,281,1782,1806]" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D2DFA5FFFCAFEF6F92B9868F8D5" authority="Sars, 1921" authorityName="Sars" authorityYear="1921" box="[288,618,1783,1806]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Monstrilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucopis">
<emphasis id="B95EEABCFA5FFFCAFEF6F92B9BF2F8D5" box="[288,496,1783,1806]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">Monstrilla leucopis</emphasis>
Sars, 1921
</taxonomicName>
, adult syntypic females from Kvalø, Norway. A) cephalic area, lateral view, showing cuticular ornamentation and ventral processes (arrowed); B) same from another specimen; C) same, another specimen (processes arrowed); D) left antennule showing remains of armature; E) right antennule; F) separate section of third antennular segment; G) separate section of fourth antennular segment; H) separate section of distal area of antennule; I) separate section with first and second antennular segments. Nomenclature of setal elements follows Grygier &amp; Ohtsuka (1995). Scale bars: A–C, F–I= 0.1 mm; D, E=0.25 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF556626FA5EFFCBFF41F9169ACAF89A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/196051/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" targetBox="[152,1406,181,1737]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8B9536AEFA5EFFCBFF41F9169ACAF89A" blockId="5.[151,1437,1738,1857]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="B95EEABCFA5EFFCBFF41F9169B1FF939" bold="true" box="[151,285,1738,1762]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D2DFA5EFFCBFEF2F9169875F93A" authority="Sars, 1921" authorityName="Sars" authorityYear="1921" box="[292,631,1738,1761]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Monstrilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucopis">
<emphasis id="B95EEABCFA5EFFCBFEF2F9169BFBF93A" box="[292,505,1738,1761]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">Monstrilla leucopis</emphasis>
Sars, 1921
</taxonomicName>
, adult syntypic females from Kvalø, Norway. A) fifth pedigerous somite, genital double somite and two free urosomites, lateral view; B) same, from another specimen; C) same, another specimen; D) specimen depicted in B, dorsal view; E) specimen depicted in B, fifth legs omitted. Scale bars: A–E=0.1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B9536AEFA5EFFCBFF10F85698BBF834" blockId="5.[151,1436,1930,2031]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
Caudal rami subrectangular, not divergent, approximately 1.7 times longer than wide, most setae broken off from specimens examined, but
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB4B5FFA5EFFCBFDE8F86C992FF811" author="Sars" box="[574,813,1968,1994]" pageId="5" pageNumber="67" refString="Sars, G. O. (1921) An account of the Crustacea of Norway with short descriptions and figures of all the species. VIII. Copepoda Monstrilloida &amp; Notodelphyoida. The Bergen Museum, Bergen, pp. 1 - 91, pls. I - XXXVII." type="book chapter" year="1921">Sars (1921: pl. VII)</bibRefCitation>
observed three terminal subequal setae and two on outer margin, one of the latter greatly reduced.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF556626FA5DFFC8FF41F91B9F6BF8C4" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/196052/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" targetBox="[187,1394,189,1734]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8B9536AEFA5DFFC8FF41F91B9F6BF8C4" blockId="6.[151,1437,1735,1823]" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="B95EEABCFA5DFFC8FF41F91B9B1CF904" bold="true" box="[151,286,1735,1759]" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D2DFA5DFFC8FEF3F914987FF904" authority="Sars, 1921" authorityName="Sars" authorityYear="1921" box="[293,637,1736,1759]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Monstrilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucopis">
<emphasis id="B95EEABCFA5DFFC8FEF3F9149BFCF904" box="[293,510,1736,1759]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">Monstrilla leucopis</emphasis>
Sars, 1921
</taxonomicName>
, adult syntypic female from Kvalø, Norway. A) urosome and fifth legs, ventral view; B) first swimming leg; C) second swimming leg; D) third swimming leg; E) endopodite of third swimming leg, another specimen; F) endopod of first swimming leg, another specimen. Scale bars: A–E=0.1 mm; F=0.05 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C3306525FA5DFFC8FF10F8AF9F9EF80C" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B9536AEFA5DFFC8FF10F8AF9F9EF80C" blockId="6.[151,1436,1906,2007]" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="B95EEABCFA5DFFC8FF10F8AF9B28F857" box="[198,298,1907,1932]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">Remarks</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B95EEABCFA5DFFC8FEEEF8AF9835F857" box="[312,567,1907,1932]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">
—
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D2DFA5DFFC8FE8FF8AF9835F857" box="[345,567,1907,1932]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Monstrilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucopis">Monstrilla leucopis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
belongs to a group of species of
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D2DFA5DFFC8FC7DF8AF9E21F857" box="[939,1059,1907,1932]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Monstrilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95EEABCFA5DFFC8FC7DF8AF9E21F857" box="[939,1059,1907,1932]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">Monstrilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with relatively long, slender, and poorly segmented antennules in the female. This group includes
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D2DFA5DFFC8FCA6F8449E68F869" authority="Sars, 1921" authorityName="Sars" authorityYear="1921" box="[880,1130,1944,1970]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Monstrilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clavata">
<emphasis id="B95EEABCFA5DFFC8FCA6F84499EAF86A" box="[880,1000,1944,1969]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">M. clavata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB4B5FFA5DFFC8FC39F8449E68F869" author="Sars" box="[1007,1130,1944,1970]" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" refString="Sars, G. O. (1921) An account of the Crustacea of Norway with short descriptions and figures of all the species. VIII. Copepoda Monstrilloida &amp; Notodelphyoida. The Bergen Museum, Bergen, pp. 1 - 91, pls. I - XXXVII." type="book chapter" year="1921">Sars, 1921</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D2DFA5DFFC8FBA3F8449AD7F80C" authority="Giesbrecht, 1893" authorityName="Giesbrecht" authorityYear="1893" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Monstrilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longiremis">
<emphasis id="B95EEABCFA5DFFC8FBA3F8449F16F86A" box="[1141,1300,1944,1969]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">M. longiremis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB4B5FFA5DFFC8FACCF8449AD7F80C" author="Giesbrecht" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" refString="Giesbrecht, W. (1893) Systematik und Faunistik der pelagischen Copepoden des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeres-Abschnitte. Fauna und Flora des Golfes Neapel. Monographie, 19, 1 - 831, Atlas von 54 Tafeln nebst den Tafelerklarungen." type="book chapter" year="1893">Giesbrecht, 1893</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D2DFA5DFFC8FF37F8619831F80C" authority="Giesbrecht, 1891" authorityName="Giesbrecht" authorityYear="1891" box="[225,563,1981,2007]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Monstrilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandis">
<emphasis id="B95EEABCFA5DFFC8FF37F8619B63F80D" box="[225,353,1981,2006]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">M. grandis</emphasis>
Giesbrecht, 1891
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D2DFA5DFFC8FD96F86199C0F80C" authority="Giesbrecht, 1902" authorityName="Giesbrecht" authorityYear="1902" box="[576,962,1981,2007]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Monstrilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conjunctiva">
<emphasis id="B95EEABCFA5DFFC8FD96F86198ECF80D" box="[576,750,1981,2006]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">M. conjunctiva</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB4B5FFA5DFFC8FD21F86199C0F80C" author="Giesbrecht" box="[759,962,1981,2007]" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" refString="Giesbrecht, W. (1902) Zoologie Copepoden. Expedition Antarctique Belge. Resultats du Voyage du S. Y. Belgica en 1897 - 1898 - 1899 sous le commandement de A. Gerlache de Gomery. Rapports Scientifiques publies aux frais du Government Belge, sous la direction de la Commission de la Belgica, 10, 1 - 49." type="journal article" year="1902">Giesbrecht, 1902</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D2DFA5DFFC8FC18F8619F49F80C" authority="Thompson, 1890" authorityName="Thompson" authorityYear="1890" box="[974,1355,1981,2007]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Monstrilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longicornis">
<emphasis id="B95EEABCFA5DFFC8FC18F8619E7BF80D" box="[974,1145,1981,2006]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">M. longicornis</emphasis>
Thompson, 1890
</taxonomicName>
;
<emphasis id="B95EEABCFA5DFFC8FA81F8619F75F80D" box="[1367,1399,1981,2006]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">M.</emphasis>
cf.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3306525FA5CFFC9FF41FF449810FACF" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B9536AEFA5CFFC9FF41FF44994FFDF1" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,2010]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D2DFA5CFFC9FF41FF449BBBFF69" authority="Claus, 1863" authorityName="Claus" authorityYear="1863" box="[151,441,152,178]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Monstrilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helgolandica">
<emphasis id="B95EEABCFA5CFFC9FF41FF449B2EFF6A" box="[151,300,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">helgolandica</emphasis>
Claus, 1863
</taxonomicName>
(sensu
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB4B5FFA5CFFC9FDD8FF44989CFF69" author="Sewell" box="[526,670,152,178]" pageId="7" pageNumber="67" refString="Sewell, R. B. S. (1949) The littoral and semi-parasitic Cyclopoida, the Monstrilloida and Notodephyoida. The John Murray Expedition 1933 - 34 Scientific Reports, 9, 17 - 199." type="journal article" year="1949">Sewell 1949</bibRefCitation>
, not
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB4B5FFA5CFFC9FD05FF449945FF69" author="Sars" box="[723,839,152,178]" pageId="7" pageNumber="67" refString="Sars, G. O. (1921) An account of the Crustacea of Norway with short descriptions and figures of all the species. VIII. Copepoda Monstrilloida &amp; Notodelphyoida. The Bergen Museum, Bergen, pp. 1 - 91, pls. I - XXXVII." type="book chapter" year="1921">Sars 1921</bibRefCitation>
);
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D2DFA5CFFC9FC8DFF449EE7FF69" authority="Suarez-Morales, 1994" authorityName="Suarez-Morales" authorityYear="1994" box="[859,1253,152,178]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Monstrilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elongata">
<emphasis id="B95EEABCFA5CFFC9FC8DFF4499E6FF6A" box="[859,996,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">M. elongata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB4B5FFA5CFFC9FC3DFF449EE7FF69" author="Suarez-Morales" box="[1003,1253,152,178]" pageId="7" pageNumber="67" refString="Suarez-Morales, E. (1994) Monstrilla elongata, a new monstrilloid copepod (Crustacea: Copepoda: Monstrilloida) from a reef lagoon of the Caribbean coast of Mexico. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 107, 262 - 267." type="journal article" year="1994">Suárez-Morales, 1994</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D2DFA5CFFC9FACDFF449B99FF0C" authority="Suarez-Morales, 2000" authorityName="Suarez-Morales" authorityYear="2000" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Monstrilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grygieri">
<emphasis id="B95EEABCFA5CFFC9FACDFF449F9EFF6A" box="[1307,1436,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">M. grygieri</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB4B5FFA5CFFC9FF41FF619B99FF0C" author="Suarez-Morales" box="[151,411,189,215]" pageId="7" pageNumber="67" refString="Suarez-Morales, E. (2000) A new species and new geographic records of Monstrilla (Copepoda: Monstrilloida) from the Philippines. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 20, 680 - 686." type="journal article" year="2000">Suárez-Morales, 2000</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Aside from
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D2DFA5CFFC9FDE7FF6198BFFF0D" box="[561,701,189,214]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Monstrilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elongata">
<emphasis id="B95EEABCFA5CFFC9FDE7FF6198BFFF0D" box="[561,701,189,214]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">M. elongata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with antennules representing ca. 35% of cephalothorax length (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB4B5FFA5CFFC9FF48FF3E9B9DFF27" author="Suarez-Morales" box="[158,415,226,252]" pageId="7" pageNumber="67" refString="Suarez-Morales, E. (1994) Monstrilla elongata, a new monstrilloid copepod (Crustacea: Copepoda: Monstrilloida) from a reef lagoon of the Caribbean coast of Mexico. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 107, 262 - 267." type="journal article" year="1994">Suárez-Morales 1994</bibRefCitation>
), all these species have relatively long antennules (60%–98% of total body length) (cf.
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB4B5FFA5CFFC9FF41FED49B97FEF9" author="Suarez-Morales" box="[151,405,264,290]" pageId="7" pageNumber="67" refString="Suarez-Morales, E. (1994) Monstrilla elongata, a new monstrilloid copepod (Crustacea: Copepoda: Monstrilloida) from a reef lagoon of the Caribbean coast of Mexico. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 107, 262 - 267." type="journal article" year="1994">Suárez-Morales, 1994</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB4B5FFA5CFFC9FE76FED49BDFFEF9" author="Suarez-Morales" box="[416,477,264,290]" pageId="7" pageNumber="67" refString="Suarez-Morales, E. (2000) A new species and new geographic records of Monstrilla (Copepoda: Monstrilloida) from the Philippines. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 20, 680 - 686." type="journal article" year="2000">2000</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB4B5FFA5CFFC9FE3EFED498A4FEF9" author="Giesbrecht" box="[488,678,264,290]" pageId="7" pageNumber="67" refString="Giesbrecht, W. (1893) Systematik und Faunistik der pelagischen Copepoden des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeres-Abschnitte. Fauna und Flora des Golfes Neapel. Monographie, 19, 1 - 831, Atlas von 54 Tafeln nebst den Tafelerklarungen." type="book chapter" year="1893">Giesbrecht 1893</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB4B5FFA5CFFC9FD64FED49924FEF9" author="Sars" box="[690,806,264,290]" pageId="7" pageNumber="67" refString="Sars, G. O. (1921) An account of the Crustacea of Norway with short descriptions and figures of all the species. VIII. Copepoda Monstrilloida &amp; Notodelphyoida. The Bergen Museum, Bergen, pp. 1 - 91, pls. I - XXXVII." type="book chapter" year="1921">Sars 1921</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB4B5FFA5CFFC9FCE4FED499C1FEF9" author="Sewell" box="[818,963,264,290]" pageId="7" pageNumber="67" refString="Sewell, R. B. S. (1949) The littoral and semi-parasitic Cyclopoida, the Monstrilloida and Notodephyoida. The John Murray Expedition 1933 - 34 Scientific Reports, 9, 17 - 199." type="journal article" year="1949">Sewell 1949</bibRefCitation>
). In
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D2DFA5CFFC9FC23FED49E78FEFA" box="[1013,1146,264,289]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Monstrilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucopis">
<emphasis id="B95EEABCFA5CFFC9FC23FED49E78FEFA" box="[1013,1146,264,289]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">M. leucopis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the antennule length is at the lowest 1/3 of this size range. Among these species, only
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D2DFA5CFFC9FC93FEF199CBFE9D" box="[837,969,301,326]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Monstrilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucopis">
<emphasis id="B95EEABCFA5CFFC9FC93FEF199CBFE9D" box="[837,969,301,326]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">M. leucopis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D2DFA5CFFC9FC0EFEF19E80FE9D" box="[984,1154,301,326]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Monstrilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conjunctiva">
<emphasis id="B95EEABCFA5CFFC9FC0EFEF19E80FE9D" box="[984,1154,301,326]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">M. conjunctiva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D2DFA5CFFC9FB47FEF19F18FE9D" box="[1169,1306,301,326]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Monstrilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elongata">
<emphasis id="B95EEABCFA5CFFC9FB47FEF19F18FE9D" box="[1169,1306,301,326]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">M. elongata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D2DFA5CFFC9FA8FFEF19B2CFEB0" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Monstrilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helgolandica">
<emphasis id="B95EEABCFA5CFFC9FA8FFEF19F7AFE9D" box="[1369,1400,301,326]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">M.</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="B95EEABCFA5CFFC9FF41FE8E9B2CFEB0" box="[151,302,338,363]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">helgolandica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have a female fifth leg represented by a single lobe with two terminal setae. Only the former two species share with
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D2DFA5CFFC9FEACFEA49805FE4A" box="[378,519,376,401]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Monstrilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucopis">
<emphasis id="B95EEABCFA5CFFC9FEACFEA49805FE4A" box="[378,519,376,401]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">M. leucopis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the absence of antennular element 1 on the first antennular segment and the presence of unbranched antennular elements b1–3 (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB4B5FFA5CFFC9FD0EFE41996FFE6C" author="Sewell" box="[728,877,413,439]" pageId="7" pageNumber="67" refString="Sewell, R. B. S. (1949) The littoral and semi-parasitic Cyclopoida, the Monstrilloida and Notodephyoida. The John Murray Expedition 1933 - 34 Scientific Reports, 9, 17 - 199." type="journal article" year="1949">Sewell 1949</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB4B5FFA5CFFC9FCAFFE419E74FE6C" author="Suarez-Morales" box="[889,1142,413,439]" pageId="7" pageNumber="67" refString="Suarez-Morales, E. (1994) Monstrilla elongata, a new monstrilloid copepod (Crustacea: Copepoda: Monstrilloida) from a reef lagoon of the Caribbean coast of Mexico. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 107, 262 - 267." type="journal article" year="1994">Suárez-Morales 1994</bibRefCitation>
). These three species (
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D2DFA5CFFC9FAABFE419AF4FE04" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Monstrilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucopis">
<emphasis id="B95EEABCFA5CFFC9FAABFE419AF4FE04" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">M. leucopis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D2DFA5CFFC9FED5FE1A9BAFFE04" box="[259,429,454,479]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Monstrilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conjunctiva">
<emphasis id="B95EEABCFA5CFFC9FED5FE1A9BAFFE04" box="[259,429,454,479]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">M. conjunctiva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D2DFA5CFFC9FE6DFE1A9846FE04" box="[443,580,454,479]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Monstrilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elongata">
<emphasis id="B95EEABCFA5CFFC9FE6DFE1A9846FE04" box="[443,580,454,479]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">M. elongata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) also share the absence of an inner seta of the first exopodal segment of the first leg and they have a similar pattern of caudal setation, with five setae, the terminal outermost one being reduced (cf.
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB4B5FFA5CFFC9FEFAFDCC9BA2FDF1" author="Sars" box="[300,416,528,554]" pageId="7" pageNumber="67" refString="Sars, G. O. (1921) An account of the Crustacea of Norway with short descriptions and figures of all the species. VIII. Copepoda Monstrilloida &amp; Notodelphyoida. The Bergen Museum, Bergen, pp. 1 - 91, pls. I - XXXVII." type="book chapter" year="1921">Sars 1921</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB4B5FFA5CFFC9FE7AFDCC983EFDF1" author="Sewell" box="[428,572,528,554]" pageId="7" pageNumber="67" refString="Sewell, R. B. S. (1949) The littoral and semi-parasitic Cyclopoida, the Monstrilloida and Notodephyoida. The John Murray Expedition 1933 - 34 Scientific Reports, 9, 17 - 199." type="journal article" year="1949">Sewell 1949</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB4B5FFA5CFFC9FD9EFDCC9943FDF1" author="Suarez-Morales" box="[584,833,528,554]" pageId="7" pageNumber="67" refString="Suarez-Morales, E. (1994) Monstrilla elongata, a new monstrilloid copepod (Crustacea: Copepoda: Monstrilloida) from a reef lagoon of the Caribbean coast of Mexico. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 107, 262 - 267." type="journal article" year="1994">Suárez-Morales 1994</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9536AEFA5CFFC9FF10FDE99810FACF" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,2010]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">
In the description of
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D2DFA5CFFC9FE6BFDEA9849FD94" box="[445,587,566,591]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Monstrilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elongata">
<emphasis id="B95EEABCFA5CFFC9FE6BFDEA9849FD94" box="[445,587,566,591]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">M. elongata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the western Caribbean,
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB4B5FFA5CFFC9FC7DFDE99EB8FD94" author="Suarez-Morales" box="[939,1210,565,591]" pageId="7" pageNumber="67" refString="Suarez-Morales, E. (1994) Monstrilla elongata, a new monstrilloid copepod (Crustacea: Copepoda: Monstrilloida) from a reef lagoon of the Caribbean coast of Mexico. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 107, 262 - 267." type="journal article" year="1994">Suárez-Morales (1994)</bibRefCitation>
recognized a close resemblance between this species and
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D2DFA5CFFC9FD8EFD8798E2FDAF" box="[600,736,603,628]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Monstrilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucopis">
<emphasis id="B95EEABCFA5CFFC9FD8EFD8798E2FDAF" box="[600,736,603,628]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">M. leucopis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Based on the general resemblance between
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D2DFA5CFFC9FB3AFD879F9EFDAF" box="[1260,1436,603,628]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Monstrilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conjunctiva">
<emphasis id="B95EEABCFA5CFFC9FB3AFD879F9EFDAF" box="[1260,1436,603,628]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">M. conjunctiva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D2DFA5CFFC9FF1EFD5C9B53FD42" box="[200,337,640,665]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Monstrilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucopis">
<emphasis id="B95EEABCFA5CFFC9FF1EFD5C9B53FD42" box="[200,337,640,665]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">M. leucopis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, several authors (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB4B5FFA5CFFC9FDF6FD5C98B5FD41" author="Sewell" box="[544,695,640,666]" pageId="7" pageNumber="67" refString="Sewell, R. B. S. (1949) The littoral and semi-parasitic Cyclopoida, the Monstrilloida and Notodephyoida. The John Murray Expedition 1933 - 34 Scientific Reports, 9, 17 - 199." type="journal article" year="1949">Sewell 1949</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB4B5FFA5CFFC9FD15FD5C9946FD41" author="Isaac" box="[707,836,640,666]" pageId="7" pageNumber="67" refString="Isaac MJ. 1974 b. Studies on planktonic arthropods. Ph. D. thesis, University College of Swansea, Wales, UK, 146 pp." type="book" year="1974">Isaac 1974</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB4B5FFA5CFFC9FC86FD5C998CFD41" author="Isaac" box="[848,910,640,666]" pageId="7" pageNumber="67" refString="Isaac, M. J. (1975) Copepoda, Sub-order: Monstrilloida. Fiches d'Identification du Zooplancton, 144 / 145, 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="1975">1975</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB4B5FFA5CFFC9FC4CFD5C9E7DFD41" author="Razouls" box="[922,1151,640,666]" pageId="7" pageNumber="67" refString="Razouls, C., de Bovee, F., Kouwenberg, J. &amp; Desreumaux, N. (2009). Diversity and Geographic Distribution of Marine Planktonic Copepods. Available from http: // copepodes. obs-banyuls. fr / en (accessed March 2 2010)" type="journal article" year="2009">
Razouls
<emphasis id="B95EEABCFA5CFFC9FBD6FD5C9E39FD42" box="[1024,1083,640,665]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">et al.</emphasis>
2009
</bibRefCitation>
) considered the latter as at least a possible junior synonym of the former.
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D2DFA5CFFC9FD0AFD7A99E8FD64" box="[732,1002,678,703]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Monstrilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conjunctiva">
<emphasis id="B95EEABCFA5CFFC9FD0AFD7A99E8FD64" box="[732,1002,678,703]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">Monstrilla conjunctiva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was originally known only from the male, a specimen from deep
<collectingCountry id="F33D763EFA5CFFC9FE26FD16985DFD3F" box="[496,607,714,740]" name="Antarctica" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">Antarctic</collectingCountry>
waters (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB4B5FFA5CFFC9FD12FD16998DFD3F" author="Giesbrecht" box="[708,911,714,740]" pageId="7" pageNumber="67" refString="Giesbrecht, W. (1902) Zoologie Copepoden. Expedition Antarctique Belge. Resultats du Voyage du S. Y. Belgica en 1897 - 1898 - 1899 sous le commandement de A. Gerlache de Gomery. Rapports Scientifiques publies aux frais du Government Belge, sous la direction de la Commission de la Belgica, 10, 1 - 49." type="journal article" year="1902">Giesbrecht 1902</bibRefCitation>
). A male and female recorded from tropical Indian Ocean surface waters in the
<collectingCountry id="F33D763EFA5CFFC9FDE0FD2C98EDFCD1" box="[566,751,752,778]" name="India" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">Nicobar Islands</collectingCountry>
were questionably assigned to this species (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB4B5FFA5CFFC9FB21FD2C9F8CFCD1" author="Sewell" box="[1271,1422,752,778]" pageId="7" pageNumber="67" refString="Sewell, R. B. S. (1949) The littoral and semi-parasitic Cyclopoida, the Monstrilloida and Notodephyoida. The John Murray Expedition 1933 - 34 Scientific Reports, 9, 17 - 199." type="journal article" year="1949">Sewell 1949</bibRefCitation>
), and the general resemblance of the female to Sars’s (1921)
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D2DFA5CFFC9FCB6FCCA99E9FCF4" box="[864,1003,790,815]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Monstrilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucopis">
<emphasis id="B95EEABCFA5CFFC9FCB6FCCA99E9FCF4" box="[864,1003,790,815]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">M. leucopis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
probably motivated the decision to propose this synonymy. However, because of obvious biogeographic considerations and the fact that cooccurrence of two monstrilloid specimens of two genders in a sample is no indicator of conspecificity (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB4B5FFA5CFFC9FF49FC599BA2FC44" author="Suarez-Morales" box="[159,416,901,927]" pageId="7" pageNumber="67" refString="Suarez-Morales, E. (2001) An aggregation of monstrilloid copepods in a western Caribbean reef area: ecological and conceptual implications. Crustaceana, 74, 689 - 696." type="journal article" year="2001">Suárez-Morales 2001</bibRefCitation>
), it is clear that the
<collectingCountry id="F33D763EFA5CFFC9FD55FC5998E3FC44" box="[643,737,901,927]" name="India" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">Nicobar</collectingCountry>
females reported by
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB4B5FFA5CFFC9FC0EFC599E7FFC44" author="Sewell" box="[984,1149,901,927]" pageId="7" pageNumber="67" refString="Sewell, R. B. S. (1949) The littoral and semi-parasitic Cyclopoida, the Monstrilloida and Notodephyoida. The John Murray Expedition 1933 - 34 Scientific Reports, 9, 17 - 199." type="journal article" year="1949">Sewell (1949)</bibRefCitation>
are not conspecific with
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D2DFA5CFFC9FF41FC779B45FC1F" box="[151,327,939,964]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Monstrilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conjunctiva">
<emphasis id="B95EEABCFA5CFFC9FF41FC779B45FC1F" box="[151,327,939,964]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">M. conjunctiva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the
<collectingCountry id="F33D763EFA5CFFC9FE6DFC76982AFC1F" box="[443,552,938,964]" name="Antarctica" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">Antarctic</collectingCountry>
area. In fact,
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB4B5FFA5CFFC9FD1CFC76996DFC1F" author="Sewell" box="[714,879,938,964]" pageId="7" pageNumber="67" refString="Sewell, R. B. S. (1949) The littoral and semi-parasitic Cyclopoida, the Monstrilloida and Notodephyoida. The John Murray Expedition 1933 - 34 Scientific Reports, 9, 17 - 199." type="journal article" year="1949">Sewell (1949)</bibRefCitation>
doubted his designation of these females as
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D2DFA5CFFC9FAAAFC779B25FC32" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Monstrilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conjunctiva">
<emphasis id="B95EEABCFA5CFFC9FAAAFC779B25FC32" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">M. conjunctiva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as it was called “unknown” in the text and written as “
<emphasis id="B95EEABCFA5CFFC9FC01FC0C99EDFC32" box="[983,1007,976,1001]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">M</emphasis>
. (?)
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D2DFA5CFFC9FBFAFC0C9EBEFC32" box="[1068,1212,976,1001]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Monstrilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conjunctiva">
<emphasis id="B95EEABCFA5CFFC9FBFAFC0C9EBEFC32" box="[1068,1212,976,1001]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">conjunctiva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
only in the figure caption. Hence, a morphological comparison between these females is not necessary since the
<collectingCountry id="F33D763EFA5CFFC9FAEFFC299F9FFBD4" box="[1337,1437,1013,1039]" name="India" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">Nicobar</collectingCountry>
females most probably represent an undescribed species. During this study, unique characters were revealed that distinguish
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D2DFA5CFFC9FE89FB9C9BF2FB82" box="[351,496,1088,1113]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Monstrilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucopis">
<emphasis id="B95EEABCFA5CFFC9FE89FB9C9BF2FB82" box="[351,496,1088,1113]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">M. leucopis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from all other known species of
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D2DFA5CFFC9FC58FB9C9E13FB82" box="[910,1041,1088,1113]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Monstrilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95EEABCFA5CFFC9FC58FB9C9E13FB82" box="[910,1041,1088,1113]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">Monstrilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. These include the presence of modified setae on the endopods of legs 2–4. These stout, thick-walled setal elements clearly differ from the usual setae and are easily detectable. This kind of modification has not been described previously among the
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D2DFA5CFFC9FF41FB6C9B39FB11" box="[151,315,1200,1226]" class="Maxillopoda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Monstrilloida</taxonomicName>
. Another interesting character is the reduction of the number of elements (to four) on the third endopodal segment of leg 1, the usual pattern including five setae. This reduction was observed in at least two of the five specimens examined.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3306525FA5CFFC6FF10FAFC9E9AFE49" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9536AEFA5CFFC9FF10FAFC9F93F9C1" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,2010]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">
Based on all the evidence recounted above, it is suggested that
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D2DFA5CFFC9FC79FAFC9E3BFAE2" box="[943,1081,1312,1337]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Monstrilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucopis">
<emphasis id="B95EEABCFA5CFFC9FC79FAFC9E3BFAE2" box="[943,1081,1312,1337]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">M. leucopis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a valid species with unique characters; it is known only from
<collectingCountry id="F33D763EFA5CFFC9FDC9FA99987CFA84" box="[543,638,1349,1375]" name="Norway" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">Norway</collectingCountry>
but there are some other regional records that could be assignable to this species. In his works on the Scottish copepods, T.
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB4B5FFA5CFFC9FCF0FAB699B6FA5F" author="Scott" box="[806,948,1386,1412]" pageId="7" pageNumber="67" refString="Scott, T. (1900) Notes on some gatherings of Crustacea collected for most part on board the fishery steamer &quot; Garland &quot; and examined during the past year (1899). 18 th Annual Report of the Fishery Board for Scotland, being for the Year 1899. Part III. Scientific Investigations, 9, 382 - 407." type="journal article" year="1900">Scott (1900</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB4B5FFA5CFFC9FC17FAB699FCFA5F" author="Scott" box="[961,1022,1386,1412]" pageId="7" pageNumber="67" refString="Scott, T. (1904) Notes on some rare and interesting marine Crustacea. 22 nd Annual Report of the Fishery Board for Scotland, being for the Year 1903. Part III. Scientific Investigations 12, 242 - 260." type="journal article" year="1904">1904</bibRefCitation>
) reported (as
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D2DFA5CFFC9FB72FAB79F20FA5F" box="[1188,1314,1387,1412]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Monstrilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95EEABCFA5CFFC9FB72FAB79F20FA5F" box="[1188,1314,1387,1412]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">Monstrilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(?)
<emphasis id="B95EEABCFA5CFFC9FA82FAB79F9EFA5F" box="[1364,1436,1387,1412]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">danae</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D2DFA5CFFC9FF1EFA4C9B45FA72" box="[200,327,1424,1449]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Monstrilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anglica">
<emphasis id="B95EEABCFA5CFFC9FF1EFA4C9B45FA72" box="[200,327,1424,1449]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">M. anglica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, respectively) specimens that resemble
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D2DFA5CFFC9FCCEFA4C99A3FA72" box="[792,929,1424,1449]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Monstrilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucopis">
<emphasis id="B95EEABCFA5CFFC9FCCEFA4C99A3FA72" box="[792,929,1424,1449]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">M. leucopis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. These were noted by
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB4B5FFA5CFFC9FB7EFA4C9F32FA71" author="Sars" box="[1192,1328,1424,1450]" pageId="7" pageNumber="67" refString="Sars, G. O. (1921) An account of the Crustacea of Norway with short descriptions and figures of all the species. VIII. Copepoda Monstrilloida &amp; Notodelphyoida. The Bergen Museum, Bergen, pp. 1 - 91, pls. I - XXXVII." type="book chapter" year="1921">Sars (1921)</bibRefCitation>
and later on by
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB4B5FFA5CFFC9FF34FA699B89FA14" author="Sewell" box="[226,395,1461,1487]" pageId="7" pageNumber="67" refString="Sewell, R. B. S. (1949) The littoral and semi-parasitic Cyclopoida, the Monstrilloida and Notodephyoida. The John Murray Expedition 1933 - 34 Scientific Reports, 9, 17 - 199." type="journal article" year="1949">Sewell (1949)</bibRefCitation>
, who also stated that Scott’s (1904) figures were different from those published in 1900 and that only the latter illustrations represented a specimen barely distinguishable from
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D2DFA5CFFC9FB79FA079F38FA2F" box="[1199,1338,1499,1524]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Monstrilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucopis">
<emphasis id="B95EEABCFA5CFFC9FB79FA079F38FA2F" box="[1199,1338,1499,1524]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">M. leucopis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. I agree with Sewell’s (1949) comment about the conspecificity of Scott’s (1900) female
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D2DFA5CFFC9FB9FF9DC9ECAF9C2" box="[1097,1224,1536,1561]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Monstrilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anglica">
<emphasis id="B95EEABCFA5CFFC9FB9FF9DC9ECAF9C2" box="[1097,1224,1536,1561]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">M. anglica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D2DFA5CFFC9FAD7F9DC9F88F9C2" box="[1281,1418,1536,1561]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Monstrilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucopis">
<emphasis id="B95EEABCFA5CFFC9FAD7F9DC9F88F9C2" box="[1281,1418,1536,1561]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">M. leucopis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9536AEFA5CFFC6FF10F9F99E9AFE49" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,2010]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1437,152,402]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">
The male of
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D2DFA5CFFC9FEBAF9FA9BF8F9E4" box="[364,506,1574,1599]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Monstrilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucopis">
<emphasis id="B95EEABCFA5CFFC9FEBAF9FA9BF8F9E4" box="[364,506,1574,1599]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">M. leucopis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was described by
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB4B5FFA5CFFC9FD3CF9F9997AF9E4" author="Sars" box="[746,888,1573,1599]" pageId="7" pageNumber="67" refString="Sars, G. O. (1921) An account of the Crustacea of Norway with short descriptions and figures of all the species. VIII. Copepoda Monstrilloida &amp; Notodelphyoida. The Bergen Museum, Bergen, pp. 1 - 91, pls. I - XXXVII." type="book chapter" year="1921">Sars (1921)</bibRefCitation>
from the same locality in
<collectingCountry id="F33D763EFA5CFFC9FB18F9F99F2EF9E4" box="[1230,1324,1573,1599]" name="Norway" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">Norway</collectingCountry>
(Kvalø). Unfortunately, the sample labeled as the male of
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D2DFA5CFFC9FD06F997995AF9BF" box="[720,856,1611,1636]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Monstrilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucopis">
<emphasis id="B95EEABCFA5CFFC9FD06F997995AF9BF" box="[720,856,1611,1636]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">M. leucopis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the Sars Collection contained a male specimen of
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D2DFA5CFFC9FF61F9AC9B58F952" box="[183,346,1648,1673]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Monstrilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longiremis">
<emphasis id="B95EEABCFA5CFFC9FF61F9AC9B58F952" box="[183,346,1648,1673]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">M. longiremis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. There are no other specimens in the Sars Collection labeled as
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D2DFA5CFFC9FB9CF9AC9ED1F952" box="[1098,1235,1648,1673]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Monstrilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucopis">
<emphasis id="B95EEABCFA5CFFC9FB9CF9AC9ED1F952" box="[1098,1235,1648,1673]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">M. leucopis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Å. Wilhelmsen, in litt.); hence, the single male specimen of this species mentioned and depicted by
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB4B5FFA5CFFC9FBA7F9499EF8F974" author="Sars" box="[1137,1274,1685,1711]" pageId="7" pageNumber="67" refString="Sars, G. O. (1921) An account of the Crustacea of Norway with short descriptions and figures of all the species. VIII. Copepoda Monstrilloida &amp; Notodelphyoida. The Bergen Museum, Bergen, pp. 1 - 91, pls. I - XXXVII." type="book chapter" year="1921">Sars (1921)</bibRefCitation>
is considered lost. Considering Sars’s (1921) figures of the male
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D2DFA5CFFC9FD21F9679983F90F" box="[759,897,1723,1748]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Monstrilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucopis">
<emphasis id="B95EEABCFA5CFFC9FD21F9679983F90F" box="[759,897,1723,1748]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">M. leucopis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, it is clear that it has a strong resemblance to the male of
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D2DFA5CFFC9FEF1F93C9BDEF922" box="[295,476,1760,1785]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Monstrilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conjunctiva">
<emphasis id="B95EEABCFA5CFFC9FEF1F93C9BDEF922" box="[295,476,1760,1785]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">M. conjunctiva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
described by
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB4B5FFA5CFFC9FD53F93C995DF921" author="Giesbrecht" box="[645,863,1760,1786]" pageId="7" pageNumber="67" refString="Giesbrecht, W. (1902) Zoologie Copepoden. Expedition Antarctique Belge. Resultats du Voyage du S. Y. Belgica en 1897 - 1898 - 1899 sous le commandement de A. Gerlache de Gomery. Rapports Scientifiques publies aux frais du Government Belge, sous la direction de la Commission de la Belgica, 10, 1 - 49." type="journal article" year="1902">Giesbrecht (1902)</bibRefCitation>
from the
<collectingCountry id="F33D763EFA5CFFC9FC03F93C9E46F921" box="[981,1092,1760,1786]" name="Antarctica" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">Antarctic</collectingCountry>
Ocean and the one from the Indian Ocean assigned to this species by
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB4B5FFA5CFFC9FD57F8D9992EF8C4" author="Sewell" box="[641,812,1797,1823]" pageId="7" pageNumber="67" refString="Sewell, R. B. S. (1949) The littoral and semi-parasitic Cyclopoida, the Monstrilloida and Notodephyoida. The John Murray Expedition 1933 - 34 Scientific Reports, 9, 17 - 199." type="journal article" year="1949">Sewell (1949)</bibRefCitation>
. Clearly, these two males (
<collectingCountry id="F33D763EFA5CFFC9FBBDF8D99ECEF8C4" box="[1131,1228,1797,1823]" name="India" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">Nicobar</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F33D763EFA5CFFC9FAD1F8D99F6AF8C4" box="[1287,1384,1797,1823]" name="Norway" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">Norway</collectingCountry>
) are likely to represent distinct species because it is biogeographically inconceivable that they are conspecific with the
<collectingCountry id="F33D763EFA5CFFC9FF10F88C9B38F8B1" box="[198,314,1872,1898]" name="Antarctica" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">Antarctic</collectingCountry>
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D2DFA5CFFC9FE95F88C9BFCF8B2" box="[323,510,1872,1897]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Monstrilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conjunctiva">
<emphasis id="B95EEABCFA5CFFC9FE95F88C9BFCF8B2" box="[323,510,1872,1897]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">M. conjunctiva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In the light of the morphological evidence supporting the validity of
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D2DFA5CFFC9FAADF88C9AFEF854" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Monstrilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucopis">
<emphasis id="B95EEABCFA5CFFC9FAADF88C9AFEF854" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">M. leucopis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a comparison is made between the
<collectingCountry id="F33D763EFA5CFFC9FD6FF8A99919F854" box="[697,795,1909,1935]" name="India" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">Nicobar</collectingCountry>
and the
<collectingCountry id="F33D763EFA5CFFC9FC53F8A999F4F854" box="[901,1014,1909,1935]" name="Antarctica" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">Antarctic</collectingCountry>
males. In the
<typeStatus id="5491880CFA5CFFC9FB72F8A99F0CF854" box="[1188,1294,1909,1935]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
male of
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D2DFA5CFFC9FAAAF8AA9801F86F" authority="Giesbrecht 1902" authorityName="Giesbrecht" authorityYear="1902" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Monstrilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conjunctiva">
<emphasis id="B95EEABCFA5CFFC9FAAAF8AA9B23F86F" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">M. conjunctiva</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB4B5FFA5CFFC9FEE6F8469BF8F86F" author="Giesbrecht" box="[304,506,1946,1972]" pageId="7" pageNumber="67" refString="Giesbrecht, W. (1902) Zoologie Copepoden. Expedition Antarctique Belge. Resultats du Voyage du S. Y. Belgica en 1897 - 1898 - 1899 sous le commandement de A. Gerlache de Gomery. Rapports Scientifiques publies aux frais du Government Belge, sous la direction de la Commission de la Belgica, 10, 1 - 49." type="journal article" year="1902">Giesbrecht 1902</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, the cephalothorax is relatively shorter (53% of total body length) than in the
<collectingCountry id="F33D763EFA5CFFC9FF41F81C9AF7F801" box="[151,245,1984,2010]" name="India" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">Nicobar</collectingCountry>
male (61%). The genital somite of the
<typeStatus id="5491880CFA5CFFC9FD12F81C9929F801" box="[708,811,1984,2010]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
appears to be relatively smaller than that of the male from
<collectingCountry id="F33D763EFA53FFC6FF00FF449B36FF69" box="[214,308,152,178]" name="India" pageId="8" pageNumber="63">Nicobar</collectingCountry>
as depicted by
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB4B5FFA53FFC6FE3FFF449893FF69" author="Sewell" box="[489,657,152,178]" pageId="8" pageNumber="67" refString="Sewell, R. B. S. (1949) The littoral and semi-parasitic Cyclopoida, the Monstrilloida and Notodephyoida. The John Murray Expedition 1933 - 34 Scientific Reports, 9, 17 - 199." type="journal article" year="1949">Sewell (1949)</bibRefCitation>
; in the former, this somite represents 33% of the urosome, vs. 50% in the
<collectingCountry id="F33D763EFA53FFC6FF32FF619B47FF0C" box="[228,325,189,215]" name="India" pageId="8" pageNumber="63">Nicobar</collectingCountry>
male. The distal elements 1 and 2 of the fifth antennular segment (sensu
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB4B5FFA53FFC6FB11FF619F96FF0C" author="Huys" box="[1223,1428,189,215]" pageId="8" pageNumber="67" refString="Huys, R., Llewellyn-Hughes, J., Conroy-Dalton, S., Olson, P. D., Spinks, J. N., &amp; Johnston, D. A. (2007) Extraordinary host switching in siphonostomatoid copepods and the demise of the Monstrilloida: Integrating molecular data, ontogeny and antennulary morphology. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 43, 368 - 378." type="journal article" year="2007">
Huys
<emphasis id="B95EEABCFA53FFC6FAC6FF619F4CFF0D" box="[1296,1358,189,214]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="63">et al.</emphasis>
2007
</bibRefCitation>
) appear to be subequal in the
<collectingCountry id="F33D763EFA53FFC6FE28FF3E9863FF27" box="[510,609,226,252]" name="India" pageId="8" pageNumber="63">Nicobar</collectingCountry>
male whereas element 2 is distinctly longer in
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D2DFA53FFC6FB79FF3E9F6BFF20" box="[1199,1385,226,251]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Monstrilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="8" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conjunctiva">
<emphasis id="B95EEABCFA53FFC6FB79FF3E9F6BFF20" box="[1199,1385,226,251]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="63">M. conjunctiva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(cf.
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB4B5FFA53FFC6FF41FED49B5EFEF9" author="Giesbrecht" box="[151,348,264,290]" pageId="8" pageNumber="67" refString="Giesbrecht, W. (1902) Zoologie Copepoden. Expedition Antarctique Belge. Resultats du Voyage du S. Y. Belgica en 1897 - 1898 - 1899 sous le commandement de A. Gerlache de Gomery. Rapports Scientifiques publies aux frais du Government Belge, sous la direction de la Commission de la Belgica, 10, 1 - 49." type="journal article" year="1902">Giesbrecht 1902</bibRefCitation>
: figs. 1, 2). The terminal seta of the single fifth leg lobe is clearly longer in the
<collectingCountry id="F33D763EFA53FFC6FB20FED49F56FEF9" box="[1270,1364,264,290]" name="India" pageId="8" pageNumber="63">Nicobar</collectingCountry>
male, it reaches well beyond the distal margin of the caudal rami, whereas it does not reach this margin in
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D2DFA53FFC6FAAAFEF19B23FEB0" class="Maxillopoda" family="Monstrillidae" genus="Monstrilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monstrilloida" pageId="8" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conjunctiva">
<emphasis id="B95EEABCFA53FFC6FAAAFEF19B23FEB0" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="63">M. conjunctiva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(cf.
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB4B5FFA53FFC6FE8FFE8E981DFEB7" author="Giesbrecht" box="[345,543,338,364]" pageId="8" pageNumber="67" refString="Giesbrecht, W. (1902) Zoologie Copepoden. Expedition Antarctique Belge. Resultats du Voyage du S. Y. Belgica en 1897 - 1898 - 1899 sous le commandement de A. Gerlache de Gomery. Rapports Scientifiques publies aux frais du Government Belge, sous la direction de la Commission de la Belgica, 10, 1 - 49." type="journal article" year="1902">Giesbrecht 1902</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 3). In lateral view, the accessory subterminal spiniform element of the genital complex is inserted more anteriorly than in the
<collectingCountry id="F33D763EFA53FFC6FCCFFEA49975FE49" box="[793,887,376,402]" name="India" pageId="8" pageNumber="63">Nicobar</collectingCountry>
male (cf.
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB4B5FFA53FFC6FC23FEA49E89FE49" author="Sewell" box="[1013,1163,376,402]" pageId="8" pageNumber="67" refString="Sewell, R. B. S. (1949) The littoral and semi-parasitic Cyclopoida, the Monstrilloida and Notodephyoida. The John Murray Expedition 1933 - 34 Scientific Reports, 9, 17 - 199." type="journal article" year="1949">Sewell 1949</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
Reference in a new issue View git blame Copy permalink