594 lines
84 KiB
XML
594 lines
84 KiB
XML
<document id="34FBD89B1A721C08788341BFE047177B" ID-CLB-Dataset="8171" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4926.3.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d5fd31c2-1373-448a-9dd5-e3d130a22e14" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4529319" ID-ZooBank="372AB4A4-C184-4223-8525-62532B712FF7" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1612952051670" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Stonis, Jonas R., Diškus, Arūnas, Fernández-Alonso, José L., Remeikis, Andrius & Solis, M. Alma" docDate="2021" docId="03EA87FCFFC3FFE6FF19FDC8046EF899" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4926.3.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4926 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Stigmella aromatica Diskus & Stonis 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="42F003AD-AAE4-4A52-AD3B-E2DE745B8E19" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="376" masterDocId="FFD3FF84FFC0FFEBFF8EFF8E0726FFC5" masterDocTitle="New leaf-miningNepticulidae (Lepidoptera): potential pests of aromatic Lamiaceae plants from equatorial Andes" masterLastPageNumber="383" masterPageNumber="363" pageNumber="366" updateTime="1698928604595" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="9FDA05C031FE6D673B908BED486AE738">New leaf-miningNepticulidae (Lepidoptera): potential pests of aromatic Lamiaceae plants from equatorial Andes</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="1A8B5EC686716F85BF02F5E63F7B73A0" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="60121D2178747E26E9B00B5964C20FE1">Stonis, Jonas R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="10D3F735F71E6AFF728CF10E28C03EA9">State Research Institute Nature Research Centre, Akademijos St. 2, Vilnius 08412, Lithuania.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="28B77A274E9C29CE3D277742F9473CBB">Diškus, Arūnas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="509FBBA17C632F4B475D250F4E03F494" type="ORCID">0000-0003-0106-5546</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="2AC5B0E0B5B18E7CB5C9D6954C901DBB">State Research Institute Nature Research Centre, Akademijos St. 2, Vilnius 08412, Lithuania. & diskus. biotaxonomy @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0106 - 5546</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="C18115DFB77EF4CFF9F838E28B19FF42" type="email">diskus.biotaxonomy@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="C6B1B43775DCD61B8C05EFE8035C243C">Fernández-Alonso, José L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="9CA5CD6486FA792B2DE3983E770B5997" type="ORCID">0000-0002-1701-480X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="D7A312D2E967ECC1211412F397A2AA83">Real Jardín Botánico-CSIC, Claudio Moyano 1, Madrid 28014, Spain. & jlfernandeza @ rjb. csic. es; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 1701 - 480 X</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="2803AFD3CEAAA7E652D55CF96AC5D76D" type="email">jlfernandeza@rjb.csic.es</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="0233523A6DB70200245ABC821D55223F">Remeikis, Andrius</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="EFE4534D981DEBABD1C477144B91A754">State Research Institute Nature Research Centre, Akademijos St. 2, Vilnius 08412, Lithuania. & remeikis. andrew @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9310 - 1112</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="9EC7A55FD6B75CCB9C05699A70AB1673" type="email">remeikis.andrew@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="EF715CA5B6BE55FF4A9374FFC0D5E21F">Solis, M. Alma</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="01BE965DC2E8B1ECCDF6B8FEC16D25C5">Systematic Entomology Laboratory, ARS, US Department of Agriculture, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C., 20013 - 7012, USA. & alma. solis @ usda. gov; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6379 - 1004</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="0D8AE0C8C38E60FB2415EF3BF0EFE678" type="email">alma.solis@usda.gov</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="580C5626B07760EE473226FD5667A188">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="8E53A7044AD26AB13174641A14054C36">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="4B74C511DF1044A7281FFDA6F7CC592A">2021-02-09</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="200CB51CAD91CDA05A72ECE2D44327B4">4926</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03EA87FCFFC3FFE6FF19FDC8046EF899" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4545979" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177420938" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4545979" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:42F003AD-AAE4-4A52-AD3B-E2DE745B8E19" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA87FCFFC3FFE6FF19FDC8046EF899" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="376" pageId="3" pageNumber="366">
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<subSubSection id="C3596561FFC3FFE8FF19FDC805E1FDA4" box="[151,711,582,609]" pageId="3" pageNumber="366" type="nomenclature">
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<heading id="D0B48186FFC3FFE8FF19FDC805E1FDA4" bold="true" box="[151,711,582,609]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="366" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFC3FFE8FF19FDC805E1FDA4" bold="true" box="[151,711,582,609]" pageId="3" pageNumber="366">
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<taxonomicName id="4C434D69FFC3FFE8FF19FDC8057AFDA5" authority="Diskus & Stonis" authorityName="Diskus & Stonis" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,604,582,609]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="366" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aromatica" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFC3FFE8FF19FDC806ADFDA4" bold="true" box="[151,395,582,609]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="366">Stigmella aromatica</emphasis>
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Diškus & Stonis
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2045783FFC3FFE8FDE7FDC905E1FDA4" box="[617,711,583,609]" pageId="3" pageNumber="366" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3596561FFC3FFE8FF19FDE50497FD6C" pageId="3" pageNumber="366" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BFC36EAFFC3FFE8FF19FDE50497FD6C" blockId="3.[151,945,582,681]" pageId="3" pageNumber="366">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13782A6FFFC3FFE8FF11FDE50637FD40" box="[159,273,619,645]" captionStart="FIGURES 7–11" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1914,1938]" captionTargetBox="[166,1422,189,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[154,1434,181,1890]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 7–11. Bionomics of Stigmella aromatica Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. 7, 8, host plant Minthostachys mollis (Benth.) Griseb var. mollis, Lamiaceae; 9–11, leaf mines, Ecuador, SW of Quito, Via Aloag to Sto. Domingo, ca. 3100 m" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529323" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529323/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="366">Figs 9–11</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13782A6FFFC3FFE8FE93FDE5069CFD40" box="[285,442,619,645]" captionStart="FIGURES 22–31" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1922,1946]" captionTargetBox="[173,1416,187,1888]" captionTargetId="figure-28@8.[161,1426,181,1898]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 22–31. Adults of new Stigmella species. 22–24, S. aromatica Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov.; 25, 26, S. mentholica Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov.; 27, S. tomentosella Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov.; 28–30, enlarged right side of S. aromatica, sp. nov.; 31, enlarged right side of S. mentholica, sp. nov. (USNM)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529329" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529329/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="366">22–24, 28–30</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13782A6FFFC3FFE8FE4BFDE5052BFD40" box="[453,525,619,645]" captionStart="FIGURES 41–47" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1837,1861]" captionTargetBox="[154,1428,187,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-28@10.[154,1433,181,1813]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 41–47. Male genitalia of Stigmella aromatica Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. 41, slide AD1022, holotype; 42, slide AD1032, paratype, transtilla; 43, slide AD1021, paratype, capsule with valvae and phallus removed; 44, slide AD1022, holo- type, valvae and juxta; 45, slide AD815, paratype, phallus; 46, 47, slide AD1021, paratype, phallus (USNM)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529333" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529333/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="366">41–47</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13782A6FFFC3FFE8FD97FDE40547FD40" box="[537,609,618,645]" captionStart="FIGURES 63–67" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1922,1946]" captionTargetBox="[164,1422,193,1890]" captionTargetId="figure-28@14.[154,1434,181,1898]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 63–67. Female genitalia of Stigmella species. 63, 64, S. mentholica Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. genitalia slide no. AD1026 (USNM); 65, 66, S. aromatica Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov., paratype, genitalia slide no. AD1027 (USNM); 67, S. clinopodiella Diškus & Stonis, 2016, paratype, genitalia slide no. AD651, with apophyses of AD653 (ZMUC)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529343" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529343/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="366">65, 66</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13782A6FFFC3FFE8FDE3FDE505ACFD43" box="[621,650,619,646]" captionStart="FIGURES 68–70" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1466,1490]" captionTargetBox="[167,1421,314,1438]" captionTargetId="figure-80@17.[161,1426,309,1443]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 68–70. Predicted host-specific Stigmella distribution from host plant distribution. 68; approximate distribution of Minthostachys mollis (Benth.) Griseb., including var. mollis, and varieties hybrida Schmidt-Leb. in Colombia and Venezuela, and mandoniana (Briq.) Schmidt-Leb. in Perú and Bolivia, based on a review by Schmidt-Lebuhn (2008) and data from the herbarium of MA from Colombia, Ecuador, and Venezuela; 69, approximate distribution of Clinopodium tomentosum (Kunth) Govaerts, based on the collection by Epling & Játiva (1964), Harley (1999), and data from the herbariums of MA and MO (Fernández-Alonso & Morales 2013); 70, approximate distribution of Clinopodium axillare (Rusby) Harley, including subspecies C. axillare subsp. axillare and C. axillare subsp. uniflorum (Rusby ex Briq.) J.R.I. Wood, based on Epling & Játiva (1964), Wood (2011), Harley et al. (2014), and data from the herbariums of MA and MO." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529345" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529345/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="366">68</figureCitation>
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) lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3596561FFC3FFE8FF19FD5904BDFC44" pageId="3" pageNumber="366" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BFC36EAFFC3FFE8FF19FD5904BDFC44" blockId="3.[151,1437,726,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="366">
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<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFC3FFE8FF19FD590618FD35" bold="true" box="[151,318,726,753]" pageId="3" pageNumber="366">Type material</emphasis>
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.
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<typeStatus id="54F88848FFC3FFE8FEC3FD59069CFD34" box="[333,442,727,753]" pageId="3" pageNumber="366" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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: ♁,
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<collectingCountry id="F354767AFFC3FFE8FE69FD590555FD34" box="[487,627,727,753]" name="Ecuador" pageId="3" pageNumber="366">ECUADOR</collectingCountry>
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: SW of Quito, western slopes of the equatorial Andes, Via Aloag to Sto. Domingo,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE77502DFFC3FFE8FE9EFD7506AFFCD0" box="[272,393,763,789]" degrees="0" direction="south" minutes="26" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="366" precision="15" seconds="46" value="-0.4461111">0°26’46”S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE77502DFFC3FFE8FE18FD750500FCD0" box="[406,550,763,789]" degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="37" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="366" precision="15" seconds="39" value="-78.6275">78°37’39”W</geoCoordinate>
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, elevation ca.
|
||
<quantity id="4CBB9B0FFFC3FFE8FD44FD750405FCD0" box="[714,803,763,789]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="3" pageNumber="366" unit="m" value="3100.0">3100 m</quantity>
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, mining larva on
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<taxonomicName id="4C434D69FFC3FFE8FC63FD750600FCFF" authority="(Benth.) Griseb." authorityName="Griseb." baseAuthorityName="Benth." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Minthostachys" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="366" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mollis">
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<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFC3FFE8FC63FD7503FBFCD0" box="[1005,1245,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="366">Minthostachys mollis</emphasis>
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||
(Benth.) Griseb. (Lamiaceae)
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<date id="FFFD102AFFC3FFE8FEBDFC910681FCFC" box="[307,423,799,825]" pageId="3" pageNumber="366" value="2000-02-24">24.ii.2000</date>
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, ex pupa
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<date id="FFFD102AFFC3FFE8FD99FC910556FCFC" box="[535,624,799,825]" pageId="3" pageNumber="366" value="2000-03">iii.2000</date>
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, leg.
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<collectionCode id="ED52AE2FFFC3FFE8FD21FC9105E3FCFC" box="[687,709,799,825]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="3" pageNumber="366">R</collectionCode>
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. Puplesis, genitalia slide no. AD1022 (
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<collectionCode id="ED52AE2FFFC3FFE8FB0FFC9103FEFCFC" box="[1153,1240,799,825]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="3" pageNumber="366" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
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).
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<typeStatus id="54F88848FFC3FFE8FB62FC91027BFCFC" box="[1260,1373,799,825]" pageId="3" pageNumber="366" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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: 9 ♁,
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<specimenCount id="9D45FD63FFC3FFE8FF19FCCD07E5FC98" box="[151,195,835,861]" pageId="3" pageNumber="366" type="female">6 ♀</specimenCount>
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, same label data as
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<typeStatus id="54F88848FFC3FFE8FE25FCCD0536FC98" box="[427,528,835,861]" pageId="3" pageNumber="366" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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, genitalia slides nos AD815♁, AD819♁ (from adult in pupal skin, pinned adult unavailable), AD1021♁, AD1032♁, AD1027
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D45FD63FFC3FFE8FD12FCE9058CFC44" box="[668,682,871,897]" pageId="3" pageNumber="366" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, AD1031
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D45FD63FFC3FFE8FC95FCE9040FFC44" box="[795,809,871,897]" pageId="3" pageNumber="366" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED52AE2FFFC3FFE8FCB6FCE904A9FC44" box="[824,911,871,897]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="3" pageNumber="366" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3596561FFC3FFE6FF49FC040653F96C" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="376" pageId="3" pageNumber="366" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFC36EAFFC3FFE8FF49FC040680FACB" blockId="3.[151,1437,726,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="366">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFC3FFE8FF49FC040664FC61" bold="true" box="[199,322,906,932]" pageId="3" pageNumber="366">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
The new species belongs to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D69FFC3FFE8FD34FC050486FC60" box="[698,928,907,933]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="366" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="singularia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFC3FFE8FD34FC050486FC60" box="[698,928,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="366">Stigmella singularia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group, designated and characterized by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B1BFFC3FFE8FF35FC210683FC0C" author="Stonis, J. R. & Diskus, A. & Remeikis, A. & Karsholt, O. & Cumbicus Torres, N." box="[187,421,943,969]" pageId="3" pageNumber="366" pagination="1 - 70" refId="ref10114" refString="Stonis, J. R., Diskus, A., Remeikis, A., Karsholt, O. & Cumbicus Torres, N. (2017 a) Illustrated review of the leaf-mining Nepti- culidae (Lepidoptera) of the central Andes (Peru and Bolivia). Zootaxa, 4257 (1), 1 - 70. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4257.1.1" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Stonis
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFC3FFE8FE87FC21061AFC0C" box="[265,316,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="366">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2017a)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Externally, males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D69FFC3FFE8FD12FC21040DFC0D" authority="Stonis & Diškus & Fernández-Alonso & Remeikis & Solis, 2021" authorityName="Stonis & Diškus & Fernández-Alonso & Remeikis & Solis" authorityYear="2021" box="[668,811,943,969]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="366" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aromatica" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFC3FFE8FD12FC21040DFC0D" box="[668,811,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="366">S. aromatica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFC3FFE8FCBDFC2104A8FC0C" bold="true" box="[819,910,943,969]" pageId="3" pageNumber="366">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2045783FFC3FFE8FCBDFC2104A8FC0C" box="[819,910,943,969]" pageId="3" pageNumber="366" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
differ from the most similar
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D69FFC3FFE8FB57FC210254FC0C" authority="Stonis & Diškus & Fernández-Alonso & Remeikis & Solis, 2021" authorityName="Stonis & Diškus & Fernández-Alonso & Remeikis & Solis" authorityYear="2021" box="[1241,1394,943,969]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="366" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mentholica" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFC3FFE8FB57FC210254FC0C" box="[1241,1394,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="366">S. mentholica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFC3FFE8FAF5FC2107EEFC28" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="366">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2045783FFC3FFE8FAF5FC2107EEFC28" pageId="3" pageNumber="366" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
in the wide, median fascia of the forewing and distinctive apical fascia. In the male genitalia,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D69FFC3FFE8FB6EFC5D024BFC29" authorityName="Stonis & Diškus & Fernández-Alonso & Remeikis & Solis" authorityYear="2021" box="[1248,1389,979,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="366" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aromatica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFC3FFE8FB6EFC5D024BFC29" box="[1248,1389,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="366">S. aromatica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from all other known Neotropical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D69FFC3FFE8FDC3FC790591FBD4" authorityName="Schrank" authorityYear="1802" box="[589,695,1015,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="366" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFC3FFE8FDC3FC790591FBD4" box="[589,695,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="366">Stigmella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, including species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D69FFC3FFE8FC54FC79034CFBD4" box="[986,1130,1015,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="366" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="singularia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFC3FFE8FC54FC79034CFBD4" box="[986,1130,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="366">S. singularia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group, by the combination of an uncus with two unique caudal lobes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13782A6FFFC3FFE8FDF5FB9505E9FBF0" box="[635,719,1051,1077]" captionStart="FIGURES 41–47" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1837,1861]" captionTargetBox="[154,1428,187,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-28@10.[154,1433,181,1813]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 41–47. Male genitalia of Stigmella aromatica Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. 41, slide AD1022, holotype; 42, slide AD1032, paratype, transtilla; 43, slide AD1021, paratype, capsule with valvae and phallus removed; 44, slide AD1022, holo- type, valvae and juxta; 45, slide AD815, paratype, phallus; 46, 47, slide AD1021, paratype, phallus (USNM)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529333" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529333/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="366">Fig. 41</figureCitation>
|
||
), a large gnathos with two very close-set caudal processes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13782A6FFFC3FFE8FAE1FB950790FB9C" captionStart="FIGURES 41–47" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1837,1861]" captionTargetBox="[154,1428,187,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-28@10.[154,1433,181,1813]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 41–47. Male genitalia of Stigmella aromatica Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. 41, slide AD1022, holotype; 42, slide AD1032, paratype, transtilla; 43, slide AD1021, paratype, capsule with valvae and phallus removed; 44, slide AD1022, holo- type, valvae and juxta; 45, slide AD815, paratype, phallus; 46, 47, slide AD1021, paratype, phallus (USNM)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529333" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529333/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="366">Fig. 43</figureCitation>
|
||
), a bifid juxta (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13782A6FFFC3FFE8FEEEFBB10695FB9C" box="[352,435,1087,1113]" captionStart="FIGURES 41–47" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1837,1861]" captionTargetBox="[154,1428,187,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-28@10.[154,1433,181,1813]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 41–47. Male genitalia of Stigmella aromatica Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. 41, slide AD1022, holotype; 42, slide AD1032, paratype, transtilla; 43, slide AD1021, paratype, capsule with valvae and phallus removed; 44, slide AD1022, holo- type, valvae and juxta; 45, slide AD815, paratype, phallus; 46, 47, slide AD1021, paratype, phallus (USNM)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529333" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529333/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="366">Fig. 44</figureCitation>
|
||
), and a set of large, spine like cornuti (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13782A6FFFC3FFE8FCEAFBB104CEFB9C" box="[868,1000,1086,1113]" captionStart="FIGURES 41–47" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1837,1861]" captionTargetBox="[154,1428,187,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-28@10.[154,1433,181,1813]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 41–47. Male genitalia of Stigmella aromatica Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. 41, slide AD1022, holotype; 42, slide AD1032, paratype, transtilla; 43, slide AD1021, paratype, capsule with valvae and phallus removed; 44, slide AD1022, holo- type, valvae and juxta; 45, slide AD815, paratype, phallus; 46, 47, slide AD1021, paratype, phallus (USNM)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529333" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529333/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="366">Figs 45–47</figureCitation>
|
||
). The host plant,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D69FFC3FFE8FB29FBB102B3FB9C" box="[1191,1429,1087,1113]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Minthostachys" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="366" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mollis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFC3FFE8FB29FBB102B3FB9C" box="[1191,1429,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="366">Minthostachys mollis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, also make this species distinctive among other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D69FFC3FFE8FD3DFBED043BFBB8" authorityName="Schrank" authorityYear="1802" box="[691,797,1123,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="366" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFC3FFE8FD3DFBED043BFBB8" box="[691,797,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="366">Stigmella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, except for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D69FFC3FFE8FB8CFBED03BAFBB8" authorityName="Stonis & Diškus & Fernández-Alonso & Remeikis & Solis" authorityYear="2021" box="[1026,1180,1123,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="366" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mentholica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFC3FFE8FB8CFBED03BAFBB8" box="[1026,1180,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="366">S. mentholica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D69FFC3FFE8FB59FBED021EFBB8" authority="Stonis & Diškus & Fernández-Alonso & Remeikis & Solis, 2021" authorityName="Stonis & Diškus & Fernández-Alonso & Remeikis & Solis" authorityYear="2021" box="[1239,1336,1123,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="366" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="odora" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFC3FFE8FB59FBED021EFBB8" box="[1239,1336,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="366">S. odora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFC3FFE8FACFFBED02BAFBB8" bold="true" box="[1345,1436,1123,1149]" pageId="3" pageNumber="366">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2045783FFC3FFE8FACFFBED02BAFBB8" box="[1345,1436,1123,1149]" pageId="3" pageNumber="366" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D69FFC3FFE8FE85FB0906BFFB65" authorityName="Stonis & Diškus & Fernández-Alonso & Remeikis & Solis" authorityYear="2021" box="[267,409,1159,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="366" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aromatica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFC3FFE8FE85FB0906BFFB65" box="[267,409,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="366">S. aromatica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from both species in the morphology of the leaf mine: the leaf mine of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D69FFC3FFE8FA80FB0902BAFB65" authorityName="Stonis & Diškus & Fernández-Alonso & Remeikis & Solis" authorityYear="2021" box="[1294,1436,1159,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="366" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aromatica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFC3FFE8FA80FB0902BAFB65" box="[1294,1436,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="366">S. aromatica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a long, slender, sinuous gallery almost entirely filled with frass (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13782A6FFFC3FFE8FC0DFB2504F0FB00" box="[899,982,1195,1221]" captionStart="FIGURES 7–11" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1914,1938]" captionTargetBox="[166,1422,189,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[154,1434,181,1890]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 7–11. Bionomics of Stigmella aromatica Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. 7, 8, host plant Minthostachys mollis (Benth.) Griseb var. mollis, Lamiaceae; 9–11, leaf mines, Ecuador, SW of Quito, Via Aloag to Sto. Domingo, ca. 3100 m" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529323" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529323/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="366">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
), while the leaf mine of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D69FFC3FFE8FB64FB2502A4FB00" authorityName="Stonis & Diškus & Fernández-Alonso & Remeikis & Solis" authorityYear="2021" box="[1258,1410,1195,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="366" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mentholica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFC3FFE8FB64FB2502A4FB00" box="[1258,1410,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="366">S. mentholica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a relatively short and wide gallery (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13782A6FFFC3FFE8FDABFB41054FFB2C" box="[549,617,1231,1257]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–6" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1905,1929]" captionTargetBox="[177,1411,190,1864]" captionTargetId="figure-28@4.[164,1423,179,1879]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1–6. Bionomics of new Stigmella species feeding on Lamiaceae plants. 1, 2, Minthostachys mollis (Benth.) Griseb var. mollis, a host plant; 3, leaf mine of S. mentholica Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. on Minthostachys mollis, Ecuador, SW of Quito, Via Aloag to Sto. Domingo, ca. 3100 m; 4–6, leaf mines of S. odora Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. on M. mollis, Ecuador, Baños, slopes of Tungurahua, ca.1860 m" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529321" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529321/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="366">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
), and the leaf mine of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D69FFC3FFE8FCE9FB4104E0FB2C" authorityName="Stonis & Diškus & Fernández-Alonso & Remeikis & Solis" authorityYear="2021" box="[871,966,1231,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="366" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="odora">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFC3FFE8FCE9FB4104E0FB2C" box="[871,966,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="366">S. odora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is combined of a very slender gallery and irregular blotch (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13782A6FFFC3FFE8FEDAFB7D06BEFACB" box="[340,408,1267,1294]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–6" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1905,1929]" captionTargetBox="[177,1411,190,1864]" captionTargetId="figure-28@4.[164,1423,179,1879]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1–6. Bionomics of new Stigmella species feeding on Lamiaceae plants. 1, 2, Minthostachys mollis (Benth.) Griseb var. mollis, a host plant; 3, leaf mine of S. mentholica Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. on Minthostachys mollis, Ecuador, SW of Quito, Via Aloag to Sto. Domingo, ca. 3100 m; 4–6, leaf mines of S. odora Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. on M. mollis, Ecuador, Baños, slopes of Tungurahua, ca.1860 m" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529321" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529321/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="366">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFC36EAFFC3FFE8FF49FA9906D2F95C" blockId="3.[151,1437,726,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="366">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFC3FFE8FF49FA990622FAF4" bold="true" box="[199,260,1303,1329]" pageId="3" pageNumber="366">Male</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13782A6FFFC3FFE8FE9CFA99069BFAF4" box="[274,445,1303,1329]" captionStart="FIGURES 22–31" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1922,1946]" captionTargetBox="[173,1416,187,1888]" captionTargetId="figure-28@8.[161,1426,181,1898]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 22–31. Adults of new Stigmella species. 22–24, S. aromatica Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov.; 25, 26, S. mentholica Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov.; 27, S. tomentosella Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov.; 28–30, enlarged right side of S. aromatica, sp. nov.; 31, enlarged right side of S. mentholica, sp. nov. (USNM)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529329" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529329/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="366">Figs 22–24, 30</figureCitation>
|
||
). Forewing length 2.0–
|
||
<quantity id="4CBB9B0FFFC3FFE8FD31FA980430FAF4" box="[703,790,1302,1329]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="366" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
; wingspan
|
||
<quantity id="4CBB9B0FFFC3FFE8FC1CFA98033FFAF4" box="[914,1049,1302,1329]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.05" metricValueMax="5.6" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="366" unit="mm" value="5.05" valueMax="5.6" valueMin="4.5">4.5–5.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
(n = 5). Head: palpi golden cream; frontal tuft large, dark orange; scape golden cream; collar golden cream but at certain angle may look metallic grey; antenna about 2/3 of the length of forewing; flagellum with 33–37 segments, brown-grey, golden glossy. Thorax and tegula concolorous with the forewing base. Forewing pale golden brown, strongly shining, with some purple iridescence along costa; postmedian fascia wide, comprised of silvery or golden shiny scales; apex of forewing brown with strong purple iridescence, and with a distinctive apical fascia of silvery or golden shiny scales (occasionally apical fascia is indistinctive, see
|
||
<figureCitation id="13782A6FFFC3FFE8FD8AFA6105A2F9CC" box="[516,644,1519,1545]" captionStart="FIGURES 22–31" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1922,1946]" captionTargetBox="[173,1416,187,1888]" captionTargetId="figure-28@8.[161,1426,181,1898]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 22–31. Adults of new Stigmella species. 22–24, S. aromatica Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov.; 25, 26, S. mentholica Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov.; 27, S. tomentosella Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov.; 28–30, enlarged right side of S. aromatica, sp. nov.; 31, enlarged right side of S. mentholica, sp. nov. (USNM)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529329" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529329/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="366">Figs 28, 29</figureCitation>
|
||
); fringe grey, glossy, distally whitish; underside of forewing dark greybrown, without spots or androconia, except for a slender, scaleless spot at base. Hindwing grey to dark grey, without androconia; fringe grey. Legs glossy cream to grey; on upper side, covered with dark grey-brown scales. Abdomen blackish grey with purple iridescence on upper side, brown-grey on underside; genital segments pale brown; anal tufts short but distinctive, grey.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFC36EAFFC3FFE8FF49F92D0636F8EC" blockId="3.[151,1437,726,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="366">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFC3FFE8FF49F92D0638F978" bold="true" box="[199,286,1699,1725]" pageId="3" pageNumber="366">Female</emphasis>
|
||
. Smaller than male; forewing length
|
||
<quantity id="4CBB9B0FFFC3FFE8FD4FF92D046DF978" box="[705,843,1699,1725]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="3" pageNumber="366" unit="mm" value="2.2" valueMax="2.3" valueMin="2.1">2.1–2.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
; wingspan
|
||
<quantity id="4CBB9B0FFFC3FFE8FC47F92C0377F978" box="[969,1105,1698,1725]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.95" metricValueMax="5.2" metricValueMin="4.7" pageId="3" pageNumber="366" unit="mm" value="4.95" valueMax="5.2" valueMin="4.7">4.7–5.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
(n = 5). Antenna shorter than in male, only slightly longer than half the length of forewing. Abdomen grey-brown on upper side and underside; genital segments pale brown; anal tufts short but distinctive, blackish grey to grey; ovipositor pointed. Otherwise as in male.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFC36EAFFC3FFE8FF49F8BD02A2F818" blockId="3.[151,1437,726,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="366">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFC3FFE8FF49F8BD0652F889" bold="true" box="[199,372,1842,1869]" pageId="3" pageNumber="366">Male genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13782A6FFFC3FFE8FE0BF8BD052CF888" box="[389,522,1843,1869]" captionStart="FIGURES 41–47" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1837,1861]" captionTargetBox="[154,1428,187,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-28@10.[154,1433,181,1813]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 41–47. Male genitalia of Stigmella aromatica Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. 41, slide AD1022, holotype; 42, slide AD1032, paratype, transtilla; 43, slide AD1021, paratype, capsule with valvae and phallus removed; 44, slide AD1022, holo- type, valvae and juxta; 45, slide AD815, paratype, phallus; 46, 47, slide AD1021, paratype, phallus (USNM)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529333" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529333/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="366">Figs 41–47</figureCitation>
|
||
). Capsule longer (290–300 μm) than wide (175–210 μm). Vinculum with short, pointed lateral lobes. Uncus with unique caudal lobes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13782A6FFFC3FFE8FD71F8D90474F8B4" box="[767,850,1879,1905]" captionStart="FIGURES 41–47" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1837,1861]" captionTargetBox="[154,1428,187,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-28@10.[154,1433,181,1813]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 41–47. Male genitalia of Stigmella aromatica Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. 41, slide AD1022, holotype; 42, slide AD1032, paratype, transtilla; 43, slide AD1021, paratype, capsule with valvae and phallus removed; 44, slide AD1022, holo- type, valvae and juxta; 45, slide AD815, paratype, phallus; 46, 47, slide AD1021, paratype, phallus (USNM)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529333" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529333/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="366">Fig. 41</figureCitation>
|
||
). Gnathos large, with two very close-set caudal processes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13782A6FFFC3FFE8FF65F8F50618F850" box="[235,318,1915,1941]" captionStart="FIGURES 41–47" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1837,1861]" captionTargetBox="[154,1428,187,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-28@10.[154,1433,181,1813]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 41–47. Male genitalia of Stigmella aromatica Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. 41, slide AD1022, holotype; 42, slide AD1032, paratype, transtilla; 43, slide AD1021, paratype, capsule with valvae and phallus removed; 44, slide AD1022, holo- type, valvae and juxta; 45, slide AD815, paratype, phallus; 46, 47, slide AD1021, paratype, phallus (USNM)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529333" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529333/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="366">Fig. 43</figureCitation>
|
||
). Valva (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13782A6FFFC3FFE8FE13F8F506C8F850" box="[413,494,1915,1941]" captionStart="FIGURES 41–47" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1837,1861]" captionTargetBox="[154,1428,187,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-28@10.[154,1433,181,1813]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 41–47. Male genitalia of Stigmella aromatica Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. 41, slide AD1022, holotype; 42, slide AD1032, paratype, transtilla; 43, slide AD1021, paratype, capsule with valvae and phallus removed; 44, slide AD1022, holo- type, valvae and juxta; 45, slide AD815, paratype, phallus; 46, 47, slide AD1021, paratype, phallus (USNM)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529333" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529333/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="366">Fig. 44</figureCitation>
|
||
) 200 μm long, with pointed, partially divided apical process (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13782A6FFFC3FFE8FB1DF8F503C1F850" box="[1171,1255,1915,1941]" captionStart="FIGURES 41–47" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1837,1861]" captionTargetBox="[154,1428,187,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-28@10.[154,1433,181,1813]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 41–47. Male genitalia of Stigmella aromatica Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. 41, slide AD1022, holotype; 42, slide AD1032, paratype, transtilla; 43, slide AD1021, paratype, capsule with valvae and phallus removed; 44, slide AD1022, holo- type, valvae and juxta; 45, slide AD815, paratype, phallus; 46, 47, slide AD1021, paratype, phallus (USNM)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529333" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529333/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="366">Fig. 44</figureCitation>
|
||
); transtilla without sublateral processes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13782A6FFFC3FFE8FE3CF8110521F87C" box="[434,519,1951,1977]" captionStart="FIGURES 41–47" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1837,1861]" captionTargetBox="[154,1428,187,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-28@10.[154,1433,181,1813]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 41–47. Male genitalia of Stigmella aromatica Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. 41, slide AD1022, holotype; 42, slide AD1032, paratype, transtilla; 43, slide AD1021, paratype, capsule with valvae and phallus removed; 44, slide AD1022, holo- type, valvae and juxta; 45, slide AD815, paratype, phallus; 46, 47, slide AD1021, paratype, phallus (USNM)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529333" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529333/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="366">Fig. 42</figureCitation>
|
||
). Juxta triangular, distally split (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13782A6FFFC3FFE8FCFCF81104E1F87C" box="[882,967,1951,1977]" captionStart="FIGURES 41–47" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1837,1861]" captionTargetBox="[154,1428,187,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-28@10.[154,1433,181,1813]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 41–47. Male genitalia of Stigmella aromatica Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. 41, slide AD1022, holotype; 42, slide AD1032, paratype, transtilla; 43, slide AD1021, paratype, capsule with valvae and phallus removed; 44, slide AD1022, holo- type, valvae and juxta; 45, slide AD815, paratype, phallus; 46, 47, slide AD1021, paratype, phallus (USNM)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529333" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529333/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="366">Fig. 44</figureCitation>
|
||
). Phallus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13782A6FFFC3FFE8FBB3F8110398F87C" box="[1085,1214,1950,1977]" captionStart="FIGURES 41–47" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1837,1861]" captionTargetBox="[154,1428,187,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-28@10.[154,1433,181,1813]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 41–47. Male genitalia of Stigmella aromatica Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. 41, slide AD1022, holotype; 42, slide AD1032, paratype, transtilla; 43, slide AD1021, paratype, capsule with valvae and phallus removed; 44, slide AD1022, holo- type, valvae and juxta; 45, slide AD815, paratype, phallus; 46, 47, slide AD1021, paratype, phallus (USNM)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529333" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529333/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="366">Figs 45–47</figureCitation>
|
||
) 210–330 μm long, 90–115 μm wide; vesica with about numerous large spine-like cornuti and a lateral set of small cornuti (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13782A6FFFC3FFE8FAADF84D025EF818" box="[1315,1400,1986,2013]" captionStart="FIGURES 41–47" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1837,1861]" captionTargetBox="[154,1428,187,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-28@10.[154,1433,181,1813]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 41–47. Male genitalia of Stigmella aromatica Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. 41, slide AD1022, holotype; 42, slide AD1032, paratype, transtilla; 43, slide AD1021, paratype, capsule with valvae and phallus removed; 44, slide AD1022, holo- type, valvae and juxta; 45, slide AD815, paratype, phallus; 46, 47, slide AD1021, paratype, phallus (USNM)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529333" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529333/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="366">Fig. 45</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF3C6662FFC4FFEFFF19F8FF06CEF830" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529321" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4529321" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529321/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="367" startId="4.[151,264,1905,1929]" targetBox="[177,1411,190,1864]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFC36EAFFC4FFEFFF19F8FF06CEF830" blockId="4.[151,1437,1905,2037]" pageId="4" pageNumber="367">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFC4FFEFFF19F8FF061DF84C" bold="true" box="[151,315,1905,1929]" pageId="4" pageNumber="367">FIGURES 1–6.</emphasis>
|
||
Bionomics of new
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D69FFC4FFEFFD8DF8FF0545F84C" authorityName="Schrank" authorityYear="1802" box="[515,611,1905,1929]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="367" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFC4FFEFFD8DF8FF0545F84C" box="[515,611,1905,1929]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="367">Stigmella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species feeding on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D69FFC4FFEFFCA3F8FF04BDF84C" box="[813,923,1905,1929]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="367" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Lamiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
plants. 1, 2,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D69FFC4FFEFFB91F8FF0626F868" authority="(Benth.) Griseb var. mollis" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Minthostachys" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="367" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="mollis" variety="mollis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFC4FFEFFB91F8FF03D1F84C" box="[1055,1271,1905,1929]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="367">Minthostachys mollis</emphasis>
|
||
(Benth.) Griseb var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFC4FFEFFF4CF81B0626F868" box="[194,256,1941,1965]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="367">mollis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a host plant; 3, leaf mine of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D69FFC4FFEFFDACF8180471F868" authority="Diskus & Stonis" authorityName="Diskus & Stonis" authorityYear="2021" box="[546,855,1941,1965]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="367" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mentholica" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFC4FFEFFDACF818058DF868" box="[546,683,1941,1965]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="367">S. mentholica</emphasis>
|
||
Diškus & Stonis
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFC4FFEFFCEEF81B0496F868" bold="true" box="[864,944,1941,1965]" pageId="4" pageNumber="367">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2045783FFC4FFEFFCEEF81B0496F868" box="[864,944,1941,1965]" pageId="4" pageNumber="367" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D69FFC4FFEFFC5BF81B038AF868" box="[981,1196,1941,1965]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Minthostachys" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="367" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mollis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFC4FFEFFC5BF81B038AF868" box="[981,1196,1941,1965]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="367">Minthostachys mollis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Ecuador, SW of Quito, Via Aloag to Sto. Domingo, ca. 3100 m; 4–6, leaf mines of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D69FFC4FFEFFD72F8340322F814" authority="Diskus & Stonis" authorityName="Diskus & Stonis" authorityYear="2021" box="[764,1028,1977,2001]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="367" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="odora" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFC4FFEFFD72F8340475F814" box="[764,851,1977,2001]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="367">S. odora</emphasis>
|
||
Diškus & Stonis
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFC4FFEFFB81F8370346F814" bold="true" box="[1039,1120,1977,2001]" pageId="4" pageNumber="367">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2045783FFC4FFEFFB81F8370346F814" box="[1039,1120,1977,2001]" pageId="4" pageNumber="367" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D69FFC4FFEFFB06F83403CEF814" box="[1160,1256,1977,2001]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Minthostachys" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="367" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mollis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFC4FFEFFB06F83403CEF814" box="[1160,1256,1977,2001]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="367">M. mollis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Ecuador, Baños, slopes of Tungurahua, ca.1860 m
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF3C6662FFC5FFEEFF19F8F40223F873" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529323" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4529323" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529323/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="368" startId="5.[151,264,1914,1938]" targetBox="[166,1422,189,1884]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFC36EAFFC5FFEEFF19F8F40223F873" blockId="5.[151,1436,1914,1975]" pageId="5" pageNumber="368">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFC5FFEEFF19F8F40661F857" bold="true" box="[151,327,1914,1938]" pageId="5" pageNumber="368">FIGURES 7–11.</emphasis>
|
||
Bionomics of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D69FFC5FFEEFE6EF8F40444F857" authority="Diskus & Stonis" authorityName="Diskus & Stonis" authorityYear="2021" box="[480,866,1914,1939]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="368" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aromatica" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFC5FFEEFE6EF8F40589F857" box="[480,687,1914,1938]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="368">Stigmella aromatica</emphasis>
|
||
Diškus & Stonis
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFC5FFEEFCE3F8F50499F856" bold="true" box="[877,959,1915,1939]" pageId="5" pageNumber="368">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2045783FFC5FFEEFCE3F8F50499F856" box="[877,959,1915,1939]" pageId="5" pageNumber="368" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
7, 8, host plant
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D69FFC5FFEEFBE6F8F4066DF873" authority="(Benth.) Griseb var. mollis" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Minthostachys" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="368" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="mollis" variety="mollis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFC5FFEEFBE6F8F40267F857" box="[1128,1345,1914,1938]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="368">Minthostachys mollis</emphasis>
|
||
(Benth.) Griseb var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFC5FFEEFE83F810066DF873" box="[269,331,1950,1974]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="368">mollis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D69FFC5FFEEFED9F81006EEF873" box="[343,456,1950,1974]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="368" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Lamiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 9–11, leaf mines, Ecuador, SW of Quito, Via Aloag to Sto. Domingo, ca. 3100 m
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF3C6662FFC6FFEDFF19F80A03A9F805" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529325" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4529325" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529325/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="369" startId="6.[151,264,1924,1948]" targetBox="[166,1421,193,1891]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFC36EAFFC6FFEDFF19F80A03A9F805" blockId="6.[151,1436,1924,1985]" pageId="6" pageNumber="369">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFC6FFEDFF19F80A0672F858" bold="true" box="[151,340,1924,1949]" pageId="6" pageNumber="369">FIGURES 12–17.</emphasis>
|
||
Bionomics of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D69FFC6FFEDFE64F80B04A6F858" authority="Diskus & Stonis" authorityName="Diskus & Stonis" authorityYear="2021" box="[490,896,1925,1949]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="369" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tomentosella" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFC6FFEDFE64F80B05F7F858" box="[490,721,1925,1949]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="369">Stigmella tomentosella</emphasis>
|
||
Diškus & Stonis
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFC6FFEDFC04F80B04FDF858" bold="true" box="[906,987,1925,1949]" pageId="6" pageNumber="369">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2045783FFC6FFEDFC04F80B04FDF858" box="[906,987,1925,1949]" pageId="6" pageNumber="369" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
12, 13, host plant
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D69FFC6FFEDFB19F80B066AF804" authority="(Kunth) Govaerts" authorityName="Govaerts" baseAuthorityName="Kunth" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Clinopodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="369" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tomentosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFC6FFEDFB19F80B02BAF859" box="[1175,1436,1925,1949]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="369">Clinopodium tomentosum</emphasis>
|
||
(Kunth) Govaerts
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D69FFC6FFEDFED8F82706E1F804" box="[342,455,1961,1985]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="369" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Lamiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 14–17, leaf mines, Ecuador, Baños, slopes of Tungurahua, ca.1860 m
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF3C6662FFC7FFECFF19F8A40313F833" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529327" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4529327" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529327/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="370" startId="7.[151,264,1834,1858]" targetBox="[179,1409,182,1803]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFC36EAFFC7FFECFF19F8A4021FF8A3" blockId="7.[151,1437,1834,2038]" pageId="7" pageNumber="370">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFC7FFECFF19F8A40673F887" bold="true" box="[151,341,1834,1858]" pageId="7" pageNumber="370">FIGURES 18–21.</emphasis>
|
||
Bionomics of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D69FFC7FFECFE60F8A404EBF887" authority="Diskus & Stonis, 2016" authorityName="Diskus & Stonis" authorityYear="2016" box="[494,973,1834,1858]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="370" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clinopodiella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFC7FFECFE60F8A405FCF887" box="[494,730,1834,1858]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="370">Stigmella clinopodiella</emphasis>
|
||
Diškus &
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B1BFFC7FFECFCC4F8A404EBF887" author="Stonis, J. R. & Diskus, A. & Remeikis, A. & Gerulaitis, V. & Karsholt, O." box="[842,973,1834,1858]" pageId="7" pageNumber="370" pagination="1 - 94" refId="ref10038" refString="Stonis, J. R., Diskus, A., Remeikis, A., Gerulaitis, V. & Karsholt, O. (2016) Leaf-mining Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) from record high altitudes: documenting an entire new fauna in the Andean paramo and puna. Monograph. Zootaxa, 4181 (1), 1 - 94. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4181.1.1" type="journal article" year="2016">Stonis, 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. 18, host plant
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D69FFC7FFECFBE4F8A407FAF8A3" authority="(Rusby) Harley" authorityName="Harley" authorityYear="2000" baseAuthorityName="Rusby" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Clinopodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="370" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="axillare">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFC7FFECFBE4F8A40265F887" box="[1130,1347,1834,1858]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="370">Clinopodium axillare</emphasis>
|
||
(Rusby) Harley
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D69FFC7FFECFF67F8C0067DF8A3" box="[233,347,1870,1894]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="370" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Lamiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
: Menthae; 19–21, leaf mines, Bolivia, Copacabana (southern shore of Lake Titicaca), ca. 3930 m.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFC36EAFFC7FFECFF19F8FC0313F833" blockId="7.[151,1437,1834,2038]" pageId="7" pageNumber="370">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFC7FFECFF19F8FC07F7F84F" bold="true" box="[151,209,1906,1930]" pageId="7" pageNumber="370">Note.</emphasis>
|
||
Figure 18 most likely represents
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D69FFC7FFECFDA5F8FC0206F84F" authority="(Rusby ex Briq.) J. R. I. Wood. The" authorityName="J. R. I. Wood. The" baseAuthorityName="Briq." box="[555,1312,1906,1930]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Clinopodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="370" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="axillare" subSpecies="uniflorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFC7FFECFDA5F8FC0422F84F" box="[555,772,1906,1930]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="370">Clinopodium axillare</emphasis>
|
||
subsp.
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFC7FFECFCDDF8FC0491F84F" box="[851,951,1906,1930]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="370">uniflorum</emphasis>
|
||
(Rusby ex Briq.) J.R.I. Wood. The
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
only difference of note is that the locality of our sample is somewhat higher in elevation (3930 m) than those so far known for this species (3000–3300 m) in herbarium material and the literature (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B1BFFC7FFECFD5AF8340468F817" author="Wood, J. R. I." box="[724,846,1978,2002]" pageId="7" pageNumber="370" pagination="199 - 226" refId="ref10824" refString="Wood, J. R. I. (2011) Clinopodium L. (Lamiaceae) en Bolivia. Kew Bulletin, 66, 199 - 226. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12225 - 011 - 9282 - z" type="journal article" year="2011">Wood 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, there are frequent intermediate forms and possible hybrids which are difficult to assign with precision to a taxon (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B1BFFC7FFECFCC6F8500308F833" author="Schmidt-Lebuhn, A. N." box="[840,1070,2014,2038]" pageId="7" pageNumber="370" pagination="1 - 75" refId="ref9729" refString="Schmidt-Lebuhn, A. N. (2008) A revision of the genus Minthostachys (Labiatae). Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden, 98, 1 - 75." type="journal article" year="2008">Schmidt-Lebuhn 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF3C6662FFC8FFE3FF19F80C05C5F827" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529329" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4529329" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529329/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="371" startId="8.[151,264,1922,1946]" targetBox="[173,1416,187,1888]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFC36EAFFC8FFE3FF19F80C05C5F827" blockId="8.[151,1437,1922,2018]" pageId="8" pageNumber="371">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFC8FFE3FF19F80C0671F85F" bold="true" box="[151,343,1922,1946]" pageId="8" pageNumber="371">FIGURES 22–31.</emphasis>
|
||
Adults of new
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D69FFC8FFE3FE70F80C0578F85F" authorityName="Schrank" authorityYear="1802" box="[510,606,1922,1946]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="371" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFC8FFE3FE70F80C0578F85F" box="[510,606,1922,1946]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="371">Stigmella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species. 22–24,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D69FFC8FFE3FC81F80D036DF85F" authority="Diskus & Stonis" authorityName="Diskus & Stonis" authorityYear="2021" box="[783,1099,1922,1946]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="371" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aromatica" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFC8FFE3FC81F80D04B5F85F" box="[783,915,1923,1946]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="371">S. aromatica</emphasis>
|
||
Diškus & Stonis
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFC8FFE3FBD6F80C038AF85F" bold="true" box="[1112,1196,1922,1946]" pageId="8" pageNumber="371">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2045783FFC8FFE3FBD6F80C038AF85F" box="[1112,1196,1922,1946]" pageId="8" pageNumber="371" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
; 25, 26,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D69FFC8FFE3FA81F80D0667F87B" authority="Diskus & Stonis" authorityName="Diskus & Stonis" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="371" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mentholica" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFC8FFE3FA81F80D02BBF85F" box="[1295,1437,1922,1946]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="371">S. mentholica</emphasis>
|
||
Diškus & Stonis
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFC8FFE3FEC2F82806BBF87B" bold="true" box="[332,413,1958,1982]" pageId="8" pageNumber="371">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2045783FFC8FFE3FEC2F82806BBF87B" box="[332,413,1958,1982]" pageId="8" pageNumber="371" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
; 27,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D69FFC8FFE3FE5CF8290438F87B" authority="Diskus & Stonis" authorityName="Diskus & Stonis" authorityYear="2021" box="[466,798,1958,1982]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="371" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tomentosella" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFC8FFE3FE5CF829054BF87B" box="[466,621,1958,1982]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="371">S. tomentosella</emphasis>
|
||
Diškus & Stonis
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFC8FFE3FCA7F828045CF87B" bold="true" box="[809,890,1958,1982]" pageId="8" pageNumber="371">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2045783FFC8FFE3FCA7F828045CF87B" box="[809,890,1958,1982]" pageId="8" pageNumber="371" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
; 28–30, enlarged right side of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D69FFC8FFE3FB3BF8290210F87B" authority="Stonis & Diškus & Fernández-Alonso & Remeikis & Solis, 2021" authorityName="Stonis & Diškus & Fernández-Alonso & Remeikis & Solis" authorityYear="2021" box="[1205,1334,1959,1982]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="371" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aromatica" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFC8FFE3FB3BF8290210F87B" box="[1205,1334,1959,1982]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="371">S. aromatica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFC8FFE3FACAF82802B3F87B" bold="true" box="[1348,1429,1958,1982]" pageId="8" pageNumber="371">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2045783FFC8FFE3FACAF82802B3F87B" box="[1348,1429,1958,1982]" pageId="8" pageNumber="371" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
; 31, enlarged right side of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D69FFC8FFE3FE15F8450503F827" authority="Stonis & Diškus & Fernández-Alonso & Remeikis & Solis, 2021" authorityName="Stonis & Diškus & Fernández-Alonso & Remeikis & Solis" authorityYear="2021" box="[411,549,1994,2018]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="371" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mentholica" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFC8FFE3FE15F8450503F827" box="[411,549,1994,2018]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="371">S. mentholica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFC8FFE3FDBCF84405A4F827" bold="true" box="[562,642,1994,2018]" pageId="8" pageNumber="371">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2045783FFC8FFE3FDBCF84405A4F827" box="[562,642,1994,2018]" pageId="8" pageNumber="371" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(USNM)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF3C6662FFC9FFE2FF19F8FD026BF83D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529331" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4529331" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529331/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="372" startId="9.[151,264,1907,1931]" targetBox="[174,1418,192,1875]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFC36EAFFC9FFE2FF19F8FD026BF83D" blockId="9.[151,1436,1907,2040]" pageId="9" pageNumber="372">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFC9FFE2FF19F8FD0673F84E" bold="true" box="[151,341,1907,1931]" pageId="9" pageNumber="372">FIGURES 32–40.</emphasis>
|
||
Male genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D69FFC9FFE2FD9CF8FD04BAF84E" authority="Diskus & Stonis" authorityName="Diskus & Stonis" authorityYear="2021" box="[530,924,1907,1932]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="372" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mentholica" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFC9FFE2FD9CF8FD05CDF84E" box="[530,747,1907,1931]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="372">Stigmella mentholica</emphasis>
|
||
Diškus & Stonis
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFC9FFE2FC29F8FA04DFF849" bold="true" box="[935,1017,1908,1932]" pageId="9" pageNumber="372">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2045783FFC9FFE2FC29F8FA04DFF849" box="[935,1017,1908,1932]" pageId="9" pageNumber="372" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
32, slide AD697, holotype, capsule with phallus removed; 33, same, tegumen; 34, same, uncus and gnathos; 35, slide AD1033, paratype, left sublateral process of transtilla; 36, slide AD697, holotype, right sublateral process of transtilla; 37, slide AD688, paratype, phallus; 38, slide AD697, holotype, valvae; 39, same, cornuti in torn phallus; 40, slide AD1033, paratype, phallus inside genital capsule (USNM)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF3C6662FFCAFFE1FF19F8A303C4F848" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529333" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4529333" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529333/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="373" startId="10.[151,264,1837,1861]" targetBox="[154,1428,187,1804]" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFC36EAFFCAFFE1FF19F8A303C4F848" blockId="10.[151,1436,1837,1934]" pageId="10" pageNumber="373">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFCAFFE1FF19F8A30671F880" bold="true" box="[151,343,1837,1861]" pageId="10" pageNumber="373">FIGURES 41–47.</emphasis>
|
||
Male genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D69FFCAFFE1FD90F8A30481F880" authority="Diskus & Stonis" authorityName="Diskus & Stonis" authorityYear="2021" box="[542,935,1837,1861]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="373" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aromatica" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFCAFFE1FD90F8A305C8F880" box="[542,750,1837,1861]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="373">Stigmella aromatica</emphasis>
|
||
Diškus & Stonis
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFCAFFE1FC3AF8A3032EF880" bold="true" box="[948,1032,1837,1861]" pageId="10" pageNumber="373">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2045783FFCAFFE1FC3AF8A3032EF880" box="[948,1032,1837,1861]" pageId="10" pageNumber="373" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
41, slide AD1022, holotype; 42, slide AD1032, paratype, transtilla; 43, slide AD1021, paratype, capsule with valvae and phallus removed; 44, slide AD1022, holotype, valvae and juxta; 45, slide AD815, paratype, phallus; 46, 47, slide AD1021, paratype, phallus (USNM)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF3C6662FFCBFFE0FF19F80E04DCF825" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529335" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4529335" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529335/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="374" startId="11.[151,264,1920,1944]" targetBox="[158,1424,189,1886]" targetPageId="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFC36EAFFCBFFE0FF19F80E04DCF825" blockId="11.[151,1436,1920,2016]" pageId="11" pageNumber="374">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFCBFFE0FF19F80E0672F85D" bold="true" box="[151,340,1920,1944]" pageId="11" pageNumber="374">FIGURES 48–53.</emphasis>
|
||
Male genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D69FFCBFFE0FD85F80E047DF85D" authority="Diskus & Stonis" authorityName="Diskus & Stonis" authorityYear="2021" box="[523,859,1920,1944]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="374" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="odora" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFCBFFE0FD85F80E0588F85D" box="[523,686,1920,1944]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="374">Stigmella odora</emphasis>
|
||
Diškus & Stonis
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFCBFFE0FCEAF80E0492F85D" bold="true" box="[868,948,1920,1944]" pageId="11" pageNumber="374">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2045783FFCBFFE0FCEAF80E0492F85D" box="[868,948,1920,1944]" pageId="11" pageNumber="374" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
48, slide AD685, paratype, capsule with phallus removed; 49, same, focused on gnathos and transtilla; 50, same, phallus; 51, same, capsule, focused on valvae and vinculum; 52, slide AD821, holotype, capsule with phallus removed; 53, same, phallus (USNM)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF3C6662FFCCFFE7FF19F80E07D7F825" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529337" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4529337" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529337/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="375" startId="12.[151,264,1920,1944]" targetBox="[160,1434,189,1884]" targetPageId="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFC36EAFFCCFFE7FF19F80E07D7F825" blockId="12.[151,1436,1920,2016]" pageId="12" pageNumber="375">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFCCFFE7FF19F80E0672F85D" bold="true" box="[151,340,1920,1944]" pageId="12" pageNumber="375">FIGURES 54–59.</emphasis>
|
||
Male genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D69FFCCFFE7FD80F80E0482F85D" authority="Diskus & Stonis" authorityName="Diskus & Stonis" authorityYear="2021" box="[526,932,1920,1944]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="375" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tomentosella" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFCCFFE7FD80F80E05D3F85D" box="[526,757,1920,1944]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="375">Stigmella tomentosella</emphasis>
|
||
Diškus & Stonis
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFCCFFE7FC20F80E04D9F85D" bold="true" box="[942,1023,1920,1944]" pageId="12" pageNumber="375">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2045783FFCCFFE7FC20F80E04D9F85D" box="[942,1023,1920,1944]" pageId="12" pageNumber="375" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
54, slide AD796, holotype, capsule with phallus removed; 55, same, uncus; 56, same, valvae; 57, same, capsule, focused on gnathos and transtilla; 58, 59, same, phallus (USNM)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF3C6662FFCDFFE6FF19FB6E037DFAD9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529341" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4529341" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529341/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="376" startId="13.[151,264,1248,1272]" targetBox="[160,1431,187,1206]" targetPageId="13">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFC36EAFFCDFFE6FF19FB6E037DFAD9" blockId="13.[151,1436,1248,1308]" pageId="13" pageNumber="376">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFCDFFE6FF19FB6E0675FB3D" bold="true" box="[151,339,1248,1272]" pageId="13" pageNumber="376">FIGURES 60–62.</emphasis>
|
||
Male genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D69FFCDFFE6FD87FB6E04FAFB3D" authority="Diskus & Stonis, 2016" authorityName="Diskus & Stonis" authorityYear="2016" box="[521,988,1248,1272]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="376" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clinopodiella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFCDFFE6FD87FB6E05D2FB3D" box="[521,756,1248,1272]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="376">Stigmella clinopodiella</emphasis>
|
||
Diškus &
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B1BFFCDFFE6FCD0FB6E04FAFB3D" author="Stonis, J. R. & Diskus, A. & Remeikis, A. & Gerulaitis, V. & Karsholt, O." box="[862,988,1248,1272]" pageId="13" pageNumber="376" pagination="1 - 94" refId="ref10038" refString="Stonis, J. R., Diskus, A., Remeikis, A., Gerulaitis, V. & Karsholt, O. (2016) Leaf-mining Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) from record high altitudes: documenting an entire new fauna in the Andean paramo and puna. Monograph. Zootaxa, 4181 (1), 1 - 94. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4181.1.1" type="journal article" year="2016">Stonis, 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(after
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B1BFFCDFFE6FB93FB6E03E8FB3D" author="Stonis, J. R. & Diskus, A. & Remeikis, A. & Gerulaitis, V. & Karsholt, O." box="[1053,1230,1248,1272]" pageId="13" pageNumber="376" pagination="1 - 94" refId="ref10038" refString="Stonis, J. R., Diskus, A., Remeikis, A., Gerulaitis, V. & Karsholt, O. (2016) Leaf-mining Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) from record high altitudes: documenting an entire new fauna in the Andean paramo and puna. Monograph. Zootaxa, 4181 (1), 1 - 94. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4181.1.1" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Stonis
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFCDFFE6FBECFB6F03B3FB3D" box="[1122,1173,1248,1272]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="376">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, modified). 60, slide AD646, holotype, valvae; 61, same, cornuti; 62, same, capsule with phallus removed (ZMUC).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFC36EAFFCDFFE6FF49FAC503FAFA15" blockId="13.[151,1437,1354,1885]" pageId="13" pageNumber="376">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFCDFFE6FF49FAC506ABFAA1" bold="true" box="[199,397,1354,1381]" pageId="13" pageNumber="376">Female genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13782A6FFFCDFFE6FE12FAC40507FAA0" box="[412,545,1354,1381]" captionStart="FIGURES 63–67" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1922,1946]" captionTargetBox="[164,1422,193,1890]" captionTargetId="figure-28@14.[154,1434,181,1898]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 63–67. Female genitalia of Stigmella species. 63, 64, S. mentholica Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. genitalia slide no. AD1026 (USNM); 65, 66, S. aromatica Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov., paratype, genitalia slide no. AD1027 (USNM); 67, S. clinopodiella Diškus & Stonis, 2016, paratype, genitalia slide no. AD651, with apophyses of AD653 (ZMUC)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529343" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529343/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="376">Figs 65, 66</figureCitation>
|
||
). Total length 995–1000 μm. Anterior apophyses gradually narrowing and bent distally; posterior apophyses slender, approximately as long as anterior ones (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13782A6FFFCDFFE6FC7DFAE00360FA4C" box="[1011,1094,1390,1417]" captionStart="FIGURES 63–67" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1922,1946]" captionTargetBox="[164,1422,193,1890]" captionTargetId="figure-28@14.[154,1434,181,1898]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 63–67. Female genitalia of Stigmella species. 63, 64, S. mentholica Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. genitalia slide no. AD1026 (USNM); 65, 66, S. aromatica Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov., paratype, genitalia slide no. AD1027 (USNM); 67, S. clinopodiella Diškus & Stonis, 2016, paratype, genitalia slide no. AD651, with apophyses of AD653 (ZMUC)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529343" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529343/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="376">Fig. 66</figureCitation>
|
||
). Vestibulum without sclerites. Corpus bursae with a strongly folded distal part and round or oval-shaped basal part with many distinctive pectinations. Accessory sac small; ductus spermathecae without coils, but with a small, tube-like vesicle.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFC36EAFFCDFFE6FF49FA540653F96C" blockId="13.[151,1437,1354,1885]" pageId="13" pageNumber="376">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFCDFFE6FF49FA540665FA31" bold="true" box="[199,323,1498,1524]" pageId="13" pageNumber="376">Bionomics</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13782A6FFFCDFFE6FEDDFA5406E0FA30" box="[339,454,1498,1525]" captionStart="FIGURES 7–11" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1914,1938]" captionTargetBox="[166,1422,189,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[154,1434,181,1890]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 7–11. Bionomics of Stigmella aromatica Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. 7, 8, host plant Minthostachys mollis (Benth.) Griseb var. mollis, Lamiaceae; 9–11, leaf mines, Ecuador, SW of Quito, Via Aloag to Sto. Domingo, ca. 3100 m" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529323" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529323/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="376">Figs 7–11</figureCitation>
|
||
). Host plant is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D69FFCDFFE6FDE0FA54033FFA31" authority="(Kunth) Griseb." authorityName="Griseb." baseAuthorityName="Kunth" box="[622,1049,1498,1525]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Minthostachys" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="13" pageNumber="376" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mollis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFCDFFE6FDE0FA54047BFA31" box="[622,861,1498,1524]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="376">Minthostachys mollis</emphasis>
|
||
(Kunth) Griseb.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D69FFCDFFE6FBAAFA540384FA31" box="[1060,1186,1498,1524]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="13" pageNumber="376" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Lamiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D69FFCDFFE6FB22FA54023CFA31" authorityName="Stonis & Diškus & Fernández-Alonso & Remeikis & Solis" authorityYear="2021" box="[1196,1306,1498,1524]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="13" pageNumber="376" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="tribe" tribe="Mentheae">Mentheae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13782A6FFFCDFFE6FAA7FA5402A8FA30" box="[1321,1422,1498,1525]" captionStart="FIGURES 7–11" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1914,1938]" captionTargetBox="[166,1422,189,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[154,1434,181,1890]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 7–11. Bionomics of Stigmella aromatica Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. 7, 8, host plant Minthostachys mollis (Benth.) Griseb var. mollis, Lamiaceae; 9–11, leaf mines, Ecuador, SW of Quito, Via Aloag to Sto. Domingo, ca. 3100 m" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529323" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529323/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="376">Figs 7, 8</figureCitation>
|
||
). Larva yellow with indistinctive, yellowish brown intestine and pale brown head; feeds in February and probably in late January (note that in late February most of the leaf mines are already vacant). Prefer to occur in shady places. Leaf mine (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13782A6FFFCDFFE6FE92F9C806B6F9A4" box="[284,400,1606,1633]" captionStart="FIGURES 7–11" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1914,1938]" captionTargetBox="[166,1422,189,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[154,1434,181,1890]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 7–11. Bionomics of Stigmella aromatica Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. 7, 8, host plant Minthostachys mollis (Benth.) Griseb var. mollis, Lamiaceae; 9–11, leaf mines, Ecuador, SW of Quito, Via Aloag to Sto. Domingo, ca. 3100 m" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529323" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529323/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="376">Figs 9–11</figureCitation>
|
||
) is a long, slender, sinuous gallery almost entirely filled with black frass (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13782A6FFFCDFFE6FB68F9C8021DF9A4" box="[1254,1339,1606,1633]" captionStart="FIGURES 7–11" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1914,1938]" captionTargetBox="[166,1422,189,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[154,1434,181,1890]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 7–11. Bionomics of Stigmella aromatica Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. 7, 8, host plant Minthostachys mollis (Benth.) Griseb var. mollis, Lamiaceae; 9–11, leaf mines, Ecuador, SW of Quito, Via Aloag to Sto. Domingo, ca. 3100 m" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529323" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529323/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="376">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
); in old, vacant leaf mines, frass may turn brown or black (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13782A6FFFCDFFE6FD5DF9E4043EF940" box="[723,792,1642,1669]" captionStart="FIGURES 7–11" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1914,1938]" captionTargetBox="[166,1422,189,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[154,1434,181,1890]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 7–11. Bionomics of Stigmella aromatica Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. 7, 8, host plant Minthostachys mollis (Benth.) Griseb var. mollis, Lamiaceae; 9–11, leaf mines, Ecuador, SW of Quito, Via Aloag to Sto. Domingo, ca. 3100 m" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529323" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529323/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="376">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
). Cocoon brown. Adults probably fly in March (indoors, emerged in March).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3596561FFCDFFE6FF49F93C06D1F8D0" pageId="13" pageNumber="376" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFC36EAFFCDFFE6FF49F93C06D1F8D0" blockId="13.[151,1437,1354,1885]" pageId="13" pageNumber="376">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFCDFFE6FF49F93C067FF909" bold="true" box="[199,345,1714,1740]" pageId="13" pageNumber="376">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13782A6FFFCDFFE6FEE4F93C06E6F908" box="[362,448,1714,1741]" captionStart="FIGURES 68–70" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1466,1490]" captionTargetBox="[167,1421,314,1438]" captionTargetId="figure-80@17.[161,1426,309,1443]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 68–70. Predicted host-specific Stigmella distribution from host plant distribution. 68; approximate distribution of Minthostachys mollis (Benth.) Griseb., including var. mollis, and varieties hybrida Schmidt-Leb. in Colombia and Venezuela, and mandoniana (Briq.) Schmidt-Leb. in Perú and Bolivia, based on a review by Schmidt-Lebuhn (2008) and data from the herbarium of MA from Colombia, Ecuador, and Venezuela; 69, approximate distribution of Clinopodium tomentosum (Kunth) Govaerts, based on the collection by Epling & Játiva (1964), Harley (1999), and data from the herbariums of MA and MO (Fernández-Alonso & Morales 2013); 70, approximate distribution of Clinopodium axillare (Rusby) Harley, including subspecies C. axillare subsp. axillare and C. axillare subsp. uniflorum (Rusby ex Briq.) J.R.I. Wood, based on Epling & Játiva (1964), Wood (2011), Harley et al. (2014), and data from the herbariums of MA and MO." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4529345" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4529345/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="376">Fig. 68</figureCitation>
|
||
). This species is known from a single locality in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F354767AFFCDFFE6FC7FF93C0376F909" box="[1009,1104,1714,1740]" name="Ecuador" pageId="13" pageNumber="376">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
, on the western slopes of the equatorial Andes, at elevation of ca.
|
||
<quantity id="4CBB9B0FFFCDFFE6FDB9F95905B6F934" box="[567,656,1751,1777]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="13" pageNumber="376" unit="m" value="3100.0">3100 m</quantity>
|
||
, but the host plant has a much wider distribution in the northern and central Andes (see Discussion).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3596561FFCDFFE6FF49F891046EF899" pageId="13" pageNumber="376" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFC36EAFFCDFFE6FF49F891046EF899" blockId="13.[151,1437,1354,1885]" pageId="13" pageNumber="376">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFCDFFE6FF49F8910668F8FC" bold="true" box="[199,334,1823,1849]" pageId="13" pageNumber="376">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The species name is derived from Latin
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFCDFFE6FC9CF89104A9F8FD" box="[786,911,1823,1848]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="376">aromaticus</emphasis>
|
||
(aromatic), due to the minty aroma of essential oil of the host plant,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D69FFCDFFE6FEF1F8CC054BF899" box="[383,621,1858,1884]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Minthostachys" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="13" pageNumber="376" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mollis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAF8FFCDFFE6FEF1F8CC054BF899" box="[383,621,1858,1884]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="376">Minthostachys mollis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and its leaf mines.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |