274 lines
38 KiB
XML
274 lines
38 KiB
XML
<document id="26527B7E206DAFD56B8E49006C81D4F5" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.155309" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b195c5ca-7f2b-4f1b-a9a9-c1095c95d012" ID-ISSN="0035-418" ID-Zenodo-Dep="155309" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1477237842213" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Bernard Landry" docDate="2016" docId="03EA87B1FFBA82277CCBFC20FDCDFBB8" docLanguage="en" docName="13_Landry.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Revue suisse de Zoologie 123 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:225056F0A23C51DDC06AC27EAEA15D5B.2:RevSuisseZool.2015-2019.journal_article" docStyleId="225056F0A23C51DDC06AC27EAEA15D5B" docStyleName="RevSuisseZool.2015-2019.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Cryptobotys zoilusalis Walker 1859" docType="treatment" docVersion="17" lastPageNumber="323" masterDocId="FFD3FFC9FFBC822F7F6BFFD9FF94FF92" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of the Spilomelinae (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae s. l.) of the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador" masterLastPageNumber="399" masterPageNumber="315" pageNumber="321" updateTime="1698390478594" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="D2D17C1653CA6790B7832A1E30C3B83F">Taxonomic revision of the Spilomelinae (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae s. l.) of the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="38E7418C5423046CA4716A99530F4362">Bernard Landry</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="0262ED3AF8AF76C6909EC9A97F35246D">Revue suisse de Zoologie</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="7FAAA6C4011B9B86B4F9923AA5508B84">2016</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03EA87B1FFBA82277CCBFC20FDCDFBB8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5823146" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124557813" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5823146" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EA87B1FFBA82277CCBFC20FDCDFBB8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA87B1FFBA82277CCBFC20FDCDFBB8" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="323" pageId="6" pageNumber="321">
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<subSubSection id="C359652CFFBA82297CCBFC20FAA8FB82" box="[928,1340,1017,1040]" pageId="6" pageNumber="321" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FFBA82297CCBFC20FAA8FB82" blockId="6.[928,1340,1017,1074]" box="[928,1340,1017,1040]" pageId="6" pageNumber="321">
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<heading id="D0B481CBFFBA82297CCBFC20FAA8FB82" bold="true" box="[928,1340,1017,1040]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="321" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FFBA82297CCBFC20FAA8FB82" authority="Walker, 1859" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1859" box="[928,1340,1017,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Cryptobotys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="321" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zoilusalis" subFamily="Spilomelinae">
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<emphasis id="B937EAB5FFBA82297CCBFC20FAA8FB82" bold="true" box="[928,1340,1017,1040]" pageId="6" pageNumber="321">
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<emphasis id="B937EAB5FFBA82297CCBFC20FB1BFB82" bold="true" box="[928,1167,1017,1040]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="321">Cryptobotys zoilusalis</emphasis>
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(Walker, 1859)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C359652CFFBA82297B6FFBC0FB4CFBA0" box="[1028,1240,1049,1074]" pageId="6" pageNumber="321" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FFBA82297B6FFBC0FB4CFBA0" blockId="6.[928,1340,1017,1074]" box="[1028,1240,1049,1074]" pageId="6" pageNumber="321">
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<figureCitation id="13782A22FFBA82297B6FFBC0FBE8FBA0" box="[1028,1148,1049,1074]" captionStart="Figs 9 - 16" captionStartId="9.[151,192,1881,1902]" captionTargetBox="[244,1325,291,1818]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[199,1380,257,1831]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs 9 - 16. Specimens of Spilomelinae, size not to scale. (9) Cheverella galapagensis ♀, Galápagos, Santa Cruz, Los Gemelos, 27. v. 1992, MHNG. (10, 11) Cryptobotys zoilusalis. (10) ♀, Brazil, Bahía, Camacan, Res. Serra Bonita, 800 m, 8. iv. 2011, MHNG. (11) ♂, same locality, 27. iii. 2011, MHNG. (12, 13) Desmia mordor. (12) ♂ paratype, Galápagos, Santa Cruz, Los Gemelos, 4. v. 2002, MHNG. (13) ♀ holotype, CNC. (14) Diaphania galapagensis ♂ paratype, Galápagos, Isabela, NE slope Alcedo, near pega-pega camp, 483 m, 31. iii. 2004, MHNG. (15) Diaphania hyalinata ♂, Galápagos, Santa Cruz, Los Gemelos, 4. v. 2002, MHNG. (16) Diaphania indica ♂, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Haut Katanga, Tshinkolobwe, 12. iii. 1931, MHNG." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/162854/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="321">Figs 10, 11</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13782A22FFBA82297BE3FBC3FB31FBA0" box="[1160,1189,1050,1074]" captionStart="Figs 95 - 97" captionStartId="31.[151,192,1673,1694]" captionTargetBox="[157,1432,257,1609]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[151,1436,257,1611]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figs 95 - 97. Male genitalia of Galápagos Spilomelinae, a and b from same slides, but not to scale, (a) showing the genitalia without phallus and (b), the phallus. (95) Beebea guglielmi: slide BMNH Pyr 21172, Santa Cruz, BMNH ©, the Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London. (96) Cheverella galapagensis paratype: slide MHNG-ENTO- 6070. (97) Cryptobotys zoilusalis: slide MHNG-ENTO- 8957, San Cristóbal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/162865/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="321">97</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13782A22FFBA82297BDBFBC3FB4CFBA0" box="[1200,1240,1050,1074]" captionStart="Figs 143 - 147" captionStartId="63.[151,192,1970,1991]" captionTargetBox="[182,1401,263,1903]" captionTargetId="figure@63.[160,1434,254,1942]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="Figs 143 - 147. Female genitalia of Neotropical Spilomelinae, not to scale. (143) Cryptobotys zoilusalis: slide MHNG-ENTO- 8958, Brazil. (144) Desmia mordor paratype: slide MHNG-ENTO- 8978. (145) Diaphania galapagensis paratype: slide MHNG-ENTO- 8676. (146) D. hyalinata: slide MHNG-ENTO- 8674, Galápagos, Santa Cruz. (147) D. indica: slide MHNG-ENTO- 8672, Galápagos, San Cristóbal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/162881/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="321">143</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C359652CFFBA82297C54FB89FB06FBF6" box="[831,1170,1103,1125]" pageId="6" pageNumber="321" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FFBA82297C54FB89FB06FBF6" blockId="6.[831,1170,1103,1125]" box="[831,1170,1103,1125]" pageId="6" pageNumber="321">
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<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FFBA82297C54FB89FB1AFBF6" authority="Walker, 1859: 603" authorityName="Walker" authorityPageNumber="603" authorityYear="1859" box="[831,1166,1103,1125]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Botys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="321" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zoilusalis">
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<emphasis id="B937EAB5FFBA82297C54FB89FC42FBF6" box="[831,982,1103,1125]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="321">Botys zoilusalis</emphasis>
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Walker, 1859: 603
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C359652CFFBA82297C54FB52FB12FAD4" pageId="6" pageNumber="321" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FFBA82297C54FB52FBB4FB30" blockId="6.[831,1437,1163,1350]" box="[831,1056,1163,1186]" pageId="6" pageNumber="321">
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<heading id="D0B481CBFFBA82297C54FB52FBB4FB30" bold="true" box="[831,1056,1163,1186]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="321" reason="6">
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<emphasis id="B937EAB5FFBA82297C54FB52FBB4FB30" bold="true" box="[831,1056,1163,1186]" pageId="6" pageNumber="321">Material examined:</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FFBA82297C54FB72FB12FAD4" blockId="6.[831,1437,1163,1350]" pageId="6" pageNumber="321">
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<emphasis id="B937EAB5FFBA82297C54FB72FC35FB50" box="[831,929,1195,1218]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="321">
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<typeStatus id="54F88805FFBA82297C54FB72FC35FB50" box="[831,929,1195,1218]" pageId="6" pageNumber="321" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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:
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<specimenCount id="9D45FD2EFFBA82297CC5FB75FC56FB51" box="[942,962,1196,1219]" pageId="6" pageNumber="321">♀</specimenCount>
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from
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<collectingCountry id="F3547637FFBA82297B6AFB72FBFFFB50" box="[1025,1131,1195,1218]" name="Honduras" pageId="6" pageNumber="321">Honduras</collectingCountry>
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, without abdomen (
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<collectionCode id="ED52AE62FFBA82297A50FB75FA05FB56" box="[1339,1425,1196,1220]" pageId="6" pageNumber="321">BMNH</collectionCode>
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).
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<emphasis id="B937EAB5FFBA82297C54FB15FC67FB76" box="[831,1011,1228,1252]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="321">Other specimens</emphasis>
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||
:
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<specimenCount id="9D45FD2EFFBA82297B6AFB15FBBDFB76" box="[1025,1065,1228,1252]" pageId="6" pageNumber="321" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
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from the
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<collectingRegion id="4987F845FFBA82297BF8FB15FACEFB71" box="[1171,1370,1228,1251]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="6" pageNumber="321">Galápagos Islands</collectingRegion>
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||
: -
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<emphasis id="B937EAB5FFBA82297A1FFB14FC30FA91" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="321">
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||
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FFBA82297A1FFB14FC30FA91" name="Saint Kitts and Nevis" pageId="6" pageNumber="321">
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<collectingRegion id="4987F845FFBA82297A1FFB14FC30FA91" country="Dominican Republic" name="San Cristobal" pageId="6" pageNumber="321">San Cristóbal</collectingRegion>
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</collectingCountry>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
:
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<specimenCount id="9D45FD2EFFBA82297CDEFB34FC4BFA96" box="[949,991,1261,1285]" pageId="6" pageNumber="321" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
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, antiguo botadero, ca.
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<quantity id="4CBB9B42FFBA82297BB7FB34FA80FA91" box="[1244,1300,1260,1285]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="321" unit="km" value="4.0">4 km</quantity>
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SE P[uer]to Baquerizo,
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<quantity id="4CBB9B42FFBA82297CABFAD4FB9DFAB7" box="[960,1033,1293,1317]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.69" pageId="6" pageNumber="321" unit="m" value="169.0">169 m</quantity>
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elev[ation].,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE775060FFBA82297BC9FAD4FAD6FAB6" box="[1186,1346,1293,1317]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="321" precision="1" value="-0.9133333">S 00° 54.800’</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE775060FFBA82297A39FAD7FC01FAD6" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="321" precision="1" value="-89.57623">W 89° 34.574’</geoCoordinate>
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. Deposited in
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<collectionCode id="ED52AE62FFBA82297B46FAF7FB16FAD4" box="[1069,1154,1326,1350]" country="Switzerland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2jyg-xmd2" name="Museum d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="6" pageNumber="321">MHNG</collectionCode>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C359652CFFBA82277C54FA85FE22FECB" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="323" pageId="6" pageNumber="321" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FFBA82277C54FA85FE22FECB" blockId="6.[831,1437,1372,2078]" lastBlockId="8.[151,756,258,347]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="323" pageId="6" pageNumber="321">
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<emphasis id="B937EAB5FFBA82297C54FA85FC2CFAE1" bold="true" box="[831,952,1372,1395]" pageId="6" pageNumber="321">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
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In the
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<collectingRegion id="4987F845FFBA82297B77FA85FB1AFAE1" box="[1052,1166,1372,1395]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="6" pageNumber="321">Galápagos</collectingRegion>
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||
this
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||
<quantity id="4CBB9B42FFBA82297BB9FA84FAB2FAE7" box="[1234,1318,1373,1397]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="321" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
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wingspan species is most similar to
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<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FFBA82297BC8FAA4FC07FA26" authority="Lederer" authorityName="Lederer" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Pilocrocis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="321" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ramentalis" subFamily="Spilomelinae">
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||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FFBA82297BC8FAA4FA09FA06" box="[1187,1437,1405,1428]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="321">Pilocrocis ramentalis</emphasis>
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Lederer
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation id="13782A22FFBA82297CC3FA44FBA4FA24" box="[936,1072,1437,1462]" captionStart="Figs 41 - 48" captionStartId="17.[151,192,1883,1904]" captionTargetBox="[243,1344,281,1791]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[203,1384,257,1831]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figs 41 - 48. Neotropical specimens of Spilomelinae, size not to scale. (41, 42) Omiodes indicata. (41) ♂, Galápagos, Tagus Cove, emerged ex pupa on Desmodium glabrum, 20 - 25. v. 1992, MHNG. (42) ♀, Galápagos, Pinta, ± 50 m, 20. iii. 1992, MHNG. (43) Patania silicalis ♀, Galápagos, Alcedo, NE slope, 292 m, 30. iii. 2004, MHNG. (44, 45) Penestola bufalis. (44) ♂, Galápagos, Santiago, Cerro Inn, 28. iii. 1992, MHNG. (45) ♀, Galápagos, Santa Cruz, CDRS, wall of Inverts. lab., 11 m, 6. iv. 2004, MHNG. (46, 47) Pilocrocis ramentalis. (46) ♂, Venezuela, Aragua, PN H. - Pittier, Estacion Rancho Grande, 1100 m, 15. vii. 2009, MHNG. (47) ♀, Galápagos, Santa Cruz, E. C. C. D., 6. iii. 1992, MHNG. (48) Psara chathamalis ♀, Galápagos, Santa Cruz, Bahía Conway, 14. iv. 1992, MHNG." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/162858/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="321">Figs 46, 47</figureCitation>
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) in wing colour and markings, but
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<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FFBA82297C07FA66FC68FA47" box="[876,1020,1470,1494]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Pilocrocis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="321" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ramentalis" subFamily="Spilomelinae">
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<emphasis id="B937EAB5FFBA82297C07FA66FC68FA47" box="[876,1020,1470,1494]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="321">P. ramentalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is slightly larger (
|
||
<quantity id="4CBB9B42FFBA82297BA7FA66FAD5FA45" box="[1228,1345,1471,1495]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="2.9" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="6" pageNumber="321" unit="mm" value="25.0" valueMax="29.0" valueMin="21.0">21-29 mm</quantity>
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) and its forewing postmedian line usually doesn’t reach the costa and is straight or slightly concave in the radial sector; its discal spot, a small dash or lunule, is bordered with black anteriorly whereas the discal spot of
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<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FFBA82297AEFF998FC30F9E5" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Botys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="321" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zoilusalis">
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<emphasis id="B937EAB5FFBA82297AEFF998FA02F9CA" box="[1412,1430,1601,1624]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="321">C</emphasis>
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||
.
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<emphasis id="B937EAB5FFBA82297C54F9B9FC30F9E5" box="[831,932,1632,1655]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="321">zoilusalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is bigger, rounded, and with black dashes on both sides but more conspicuously so posteriorly (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13782A22FFBA82297A06F959FC10F928" captionStart="Figs 9 - 16" captionStartId="9.[151,192,1881,1902]" captionTargetBox="[244,1325,291,1818]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[199,1380,257,1831]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs 9 - 16. Specimens of Spilomelinae, size not to scale. (9) Cheverella galapagensis ♀, Galápagos, Santa Cruz, Los Gemelos, 27. v. 1992, MHNG. (10, 11) Cryptobotys zoilusalis. (10) ♀, Brazil, Bahía, Camacan, Res. Serra Bonita, 800 m, 8. iv. 2011, MHNG. (11) ♂, same locality, 27. iii. 2011, MHNG. (12, 13) Desmia mordor. (12) ♂ paratype, Galápagos, Santa Cruz, Los Gemelos, 4. v. 2002, MHNG. (13) ♀ holotype, CNC. (14) Diaphania galapagensis ♂ paratype, Galápagos, Isabela, NE slope Alcedo, near pega-pega camp, 483 m, 31. iii. 2004, MHNG. (15) Diaphania hyalinata ♂, Galápagos, Santa Cruz, Los Gemelos, 4. v. 2002, MHNG. (16) Diaphania indica ♂, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Haut Katanga, Tshinkolobwe, 12. iii. 1931, MHNG." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/162854/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="321">Figs 10, 11</figureCitation>
|
||
). It resembles also
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FFBA82297B39F97BFC37F948" authority="Guenee" authorityName="Guenee" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Herpetogramma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="321" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phaeopteralis" subFamily="Spilomelinae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FFBA82297B39F97BFA09F92A" box="[1106,1437,1697,1721]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="321">Herpetogramma phaeopteralis</emphasis>
|
||
(Guenée)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13782A22FFBA82297CDEF918FBACF948" box="[949,1080,1729,1754]" captionStart="Figs 17 - 24" captionStartId="11.[151,192,1881,1902]" captionTargetBox="[247,1334,276,1797]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[206,1381,257,1824]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figs 17 - 24. Neotropical specimens of Spilomelinae, size not to scale. (17) Diaphania nitidalis ♀, Brazil, Bahía, Camacan, Res. Serra Bonita, 800 m, 8. iv. 2011, MHNG. (18) Ercta vittata ♂, Galápagos, Marchena, 12. iii. 1992, MHNG. (19) Herpetogramma bipunctalis ♂, Galápagos, Santa Cruz, CDRS, Barranco, 20 m, 30. iv. 2002, MHNG. (20, 21) Herpetogramma phaeopteralis. (20) ♂, Galápagos, Isabela, NE slope Alcedo, Los Guayabillos camp, 869 m, 2. iv. 2004, MHNG. (21) ♀, Galápagos, San Cristóbal, near La Loberia, sea level, 24. ii. 2005, MHNG. (22, 23) Hymenia perspectalis. (22) ♀, Galápagos, Santa Cruz, Los Gemelos, 4. v. 2002, MHNG. (23) ♀, same locality, 27. v. 1992, MHNG. (24) Lineodes integra ♂, Pinta, Cabo Ibbetson, 8 m, MHNG." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/162855/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="321">Figs 20, 21</figureCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FFBA82297B10F918FC0AF96B" authority="Walker" authorityName="Walker" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Rhectocraspeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="321" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="periusalis" subFamily="Spilomelinae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FFBA82297B10F918FA08F94A" box="[1147,1436,1729,1752]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="321">Rhectocraspeda periusalis</emphasis>
|
||
(Walker)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13782A22FFBA82297CD8F93BFBAEF96B" box="[947,1082,1762,1786]" captionStart="Figs 49 - 56" captionStartId="19.[151,192,1881,1902]" captionTargetBox="[242,1343,279,1809]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[203,1386,257,1833]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figs 49 - 56. Neotropical specimens of Spilomelinae, size not to scale. (49, 50) Rhectocraspeda periusalis. (49) ♂, Galápagos, Santiago, Central, 700 m, 9. iv. 1992, MHNG. (50) ♀, Galápagos, Isabela, ± 15 km N Pto Villamil, 25. v. 1992, MHNG. (51, 52) Salbia haemorrhoidalis. (51) ♂, Galápagos, San Cristóbal, antiguo botadero, ca. 4 km SE Pto Baquerizo, 169 m, 22. ii. 2005, MHNG. (52) ♂, Ecuador, Pichincha, Septimo Paraiso Reserve, ± 1300 m, 8. v. 2002, MHNG. (53, 54) Samea castellalis. (53) ♀, Galápagos, Santiago, close to Caseta, 686 m, 6. iii. 2005, MHNG. (54) ♂, Galápagos, San Cristóbal, pampa zone, 15. ii. 1989, CNC. (55, 56) Samea coffea. (55) ♀ holotype, CNC. (56) ♂ paratype, Galápagos, San Cristóbal, 4 km SE Pto Baquerizo, 12. ii. 1989, CNC." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/162859/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="321">Figs 49, 50</figureCitation>
|
||
) in size and wing background colour, but the markings of these species are darker when apparent, whereas those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FFBA82297BC0F8FDFAA4F8A8" box="[1195,1328,1827,1851]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Botys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="321" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zoilusalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FFBA82297BC0F8FDFAA4F8A8" box="[1195,1328,1827,1851]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="321">C. zoilusalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are white to cream. It is also similar to the most poorly marked specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FFBA82297C83F8BCFA09F8E8" authority="Hubner, 1796" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1796" box="[1000,1437,1891,1916]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Hymenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="321" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perspectalis" subFamily="Spilomelinae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FFBA82297C83F8BCFB48F8E8" box="[1000,1244,1891,1916]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="321">Hymenia perspectalis</emphasis>
|
||
(Hübner, 1796)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13782A22FFBA82297C2CF85DFC57F80F" box="[839,963,1924,1949]" captionStart="Figs 17 - 24" captionStartId="11.[151,192,1881,1902]" captionTargetBox="[247,1334,276,1797]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[206,1381,257,1824]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figs 17 - 24. Neotropical specimens of Spilomelinae, size not to scale. (17) Diaphania nitidalis ♀, Brazil, Bahía, Camacan, Res. Serra Bonita, 800 m, 8. iv. 2011, MHNG. (18) Ercta vittata ♂, Galápagos, Marchena, 12. iii. 1992, MHNG. (19) Herpetogramma bipunctalis ♂, Galápagos, Santa Cruz, CDRS, Barranco, 20 m, 30. iv. 2002, MHNG. (20, 21) Herpetogramma phaeopteralis. (20) ♂, Galápagos, Isabela, NE slope Alcedo, Los Guayabillos camp, 869 m, 2. iv. 2004, MHNG. (21) ♀, Galápagos, San Cristóbal, near La Loberia, sea level, 24. ii. 2005, MHNG. (22, 23) Hymenia perspectalis. (22) ♀, Galápagos, Santa Cruz, Los Gemelos, 4. v. 2002, MHNG. (23) ♀, same locality, 27. v. 1992, MHNG. (24) Lineodes integra ♂, Pinta, Cabo Ibbetson, 8 m, MHNG." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/162855/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="321">Figs 22, 23</figureCitation>
|
||
), but in the latter there is a distinctive white band in the hindwing with a short bilobed projection medially.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FFBA82297CC6F81CFA86F84F" authority="Guenee" authorityName="Guenee" box="[941,1298,1989,2013]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Microthyris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="321" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anormalis" subFamily="Spilomelinae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FFBA82297CC6F81CFB37F84E" box="[941,1187,1989,2012]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="321">Microthyris anormalis</emphasis>
|
||
(Guenée)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13782A22FFBA82297A4EF81CFAECF84E" box="[1317,1400,1989,2012]" captionStart="Figs 33 - 40" captionStartId="15.[151,192,1881,1902]" captionTargetBox="[208,1380,257,1817]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[208,1380,257,1820]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figs 33 - 40. Neotropical specimens of Spilomelinae, size not to scale. (33, 34) Marasmia trapezalis. (33) ♂, Galápagos, Isabela, Sierra Negra, 11 km N Puerto Villamil, 9. iv. 2004, MHNG. (34) ♀, Galápagos, Santiago, Central, 700 m, 9. iv. 1992, MHNG. (35) Maruca vitrata ♀, Ecuador, Pichincha, Septimo Paraiso Reserve, ± 1300 m, 10. v. 2002, MHNG. (36) Microthyris anormalis ♀, Galápagos, Isabela, V. Darwin, 300 m, 15. v. 1992, MHNG. (37) Neoleucinodes elegantalis ♂, Guyane française, Rte de Kaw @ pk 37, 271 m, 6. iv. 2008, MHNG. (38, 39) Neoleucinodes galapagensis. (38) ♂ holotype, MHNG. (39) ♀ paratype, Isabela, NE slope Alcedo, ca. 400 m up Los Guayabillos camp, 892 m, 1. iv. 2004, MHNG. (40) Palpita flegia ♂, Galápagos, Santa Cruz, ix-xi. 1970, BMNH ©, the Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/162857/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="321">Fig. 36</figureCitation>
|
||
) is also similar, but this species is larger and its forewing is apically pointed and with five or six white spots along the submedian (one spot on posterior side medially) and postmedian (4-5 spots on anterior side in radial and median sectors) dark lines.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF3C662FFFBB82287FFCF8AEFD54F78F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/162853/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="322" targetBox="[230,1353,265,1835]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FFBB82287FFCF8AEFD54F78F" blockId="7.[151,1437,1911,2077]" pageId="7" pageNumber="322">
|
||
Figs 1-8. Galápagos specimens of Spilomelinae, size not to scale. (1)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FFBB82287C38F8AEFBB7F81E" box="[851,1059,1911,1932]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Agathodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="322" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="designalis" subFamily="Spilomelinae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FFBB82287C38F8AEFBB7F81E" box="[851,1059,1911,1932]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="322">Agathodes designalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
♀, Isabela, Alcedo, cumbre, 1100 m, 17.iv.2002, MHNG. (2, 3)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FFBB82287E95F84DFD7EF83B" box="[510,746,1940,1961]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Agathodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="322" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="galapagensis" subFamily="Spilomelinae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FFBB82287E95F84DFD7EF83B" box="[510,746,1940,1961]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="322">Agathodes galapagensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. (2) ♂ holotype, MHNG. (3) ♀ paratype, Santa Cruz, transition zone, recently cut road, 12.iii.2004, MHNG. (4-6)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FFBB82287DC9F868FCC4F854" box="[674,848,1969,1990]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Asciodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="322" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quietalis" subFamily="Spilomelinae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FFBB82287DC9F868FCC4F854" box="[674,848,1969,1990]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="322">Asciodes quietalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. (4) ♀, Alcedo, NE slope, 292 m, 30.iii.2004, MHNG. (5) ♀, Santa Cruz, transition zone, recently cut road, 12.iii.2004, MHNG. (6) ♂, Santa Cruz, E.C.C.D., 4.iii.1992, MHNG. (7, 8)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FFBB82287F9DF832FE08F792" box="[246,412,2027,2048]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Beebea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="322" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guglielmi" subFamily="Spilomelinae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FFBB82287F9DF832FE08F792" box="[246,412,2027,2048]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="322">Beebea guglielmi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. (7) ♂, Santa Cruz, CDRS, 14.iv.1975, BMNH ©, the Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London. (8) ♀, Albermarle I., Cowley Mtn., 2.x.1906, CAS.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C359652CFFB482277FFCFEABFE60FDF9" pageId="8" pageNumber="323" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FFB482277FFCFEABFE60FDF9" blockId="8.[151,757,370,619]" pageId="8" pageNumber="323">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FFB482277FFCFEABFF62FE1B" bold="true" box="[151,246,370,393]" pageId="8" pageNumber="323">Biology:</emphasis>
|
||
Known hosts are
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FFB482277EDCFEABFDE4FE1B" box="[439,624,370,393]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Wedelia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="8" pageNumber="323" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="trilobata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FFB482277EDCFEABFDE4FE1B" box="[439,624,370,393]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="323">Wedelia trilobata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(L.) Hitchc. and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FFB482277FA7FE4BFE54FE38" box="[204,448,402,426]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Xanthium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="8" pageNumber="323" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="strumarium">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FFB482277FA7FE4BFE54FE38" box="[204,448,402,426]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="323">Xanthium strumarium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L. (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FFB482277E91FE4BFDE0FE38" box="[506,628,402,426]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="8" pageNumber="323" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FFB482277DFBFE4BFF45FE59" author="Heppner J. B." bookContentInfo="670 pp." journalOrPublisher="Arthropods of Florida and neighbouring land areas 17" pageId="8" pageNumber="323" refString="Heppner J. B. 2003. Lepidoptera of Florida. Part 1. Introduction and catalog. Arthropods of Florida and neighbouring land areas 17: 670 pp." title="Lepidoptera of Florida. Part 1. Introduction and catalog" type="book" year="2003">Heppner, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Neither of these plant species (or genera) are known from the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FFB482277E3AFE0BFE56FE7B" box="[337,450,466,489]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="8" pageNumber="323">Galápagos</collectingRegion>
|
||
(Jaramillo
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FFB482277D2BFE0AFF45FD9B" author="Jaramillo Diaz P." editor="Bungartz F." journalOrPublisher="Charles Darwin Foundation / Fundacion Charles Darwin, Puerto Ayora, Galapagos" pageId="8" pageNumber="323" pagination="2016" part="1" publicationUrl="http://www.darwinfoundation.org" refString="Jaramillo Diaz P., GuezouA. 2015. CDF Checklist of Galapagos Vascular Plants - FCD Lista de especies de Plantas Vasculares de Galapagos. In: Bungartz F., Herrera H., Jaramillo P., Tirado N., Jimenez-Uzcategui G., Ruiz D., Guezou A. & Ziemmeck F. (eds.). Charles Darwin Foundation Galapagos Species Checklist - Lista de Especies de Galapagos de la Fundacion Charles Darwin. Charles Darwin Foundation / Fundacion Charles Darwin, Puerto Ayora, Galapagos: http: // www. darwinfoundation. org / datazone / checklists / vascular-plants / Last accessed 1 June 2016." title="CDF Checklist of Galapagos Vascular Plants - FCD Lista de especies de Plantas Vasculares de Galapagos" type="journal article" volumeTitle="Charles Darwin Foundation Galapagos Species Checklist - Lista de Especies de Galapagos de la Fundacion Charles Darwin" year="2015">Díaz & Guézou, 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The species is not recorded in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FFB482277D23FE2BFF76FDB9" author="Robinson G. S. & Ackery P. R. & Kitching I. J. & Beccaloni G. W. & Hernandez L. M." journalOrPublisher="a Database of the World's Lepidopteran Hostplants" pageId="8" pageNumber="323" publicationUrl="http://www.nhm.ac.uk/researchcuration/research/projects/hostplants" refString="Robinson G. S., Ackery P. R., Kitching I. J., Beccaloni G. W., Hernandez L. M. 2014. HOSTS - a Database of the World's Lepidopteran Hostplants. http: // www. nhm. ac. uk / researchcuration / research / projects / hostplants /" title="HOSTS" type="book" year="2014">
|
||
Robinson
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FFB482277DD1FE2DFD60FD9B" box="[698,756,498,523]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="323">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2014)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. I collected the single available specimen from the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FFB482277FAEFDEAFEA3FDD8" box="[197,311,563,586]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="8" pageNumber="323">Galápagos</collectingRegion>
|
||
on
|
||
<date id="FFFD1067FFB482277E07FDEAFDADFDD8" box="[364,569,563,587]" pageId="8" pageNumber="323" value="2005-02-22">22 February 2005</date>
|
||
at a site where garbage was dumped in the past.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C359652CFFB482277FFCFD5BFE38FC88" pageId="8" pageNumber="323" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FFB482277FFCFD5BFE38FC88" blockId="8.[151,757,642,795]" pageId="8" pageNumber="323">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FFB482277FFCFD5BFEB8FD0B" bold="true" box="[151,300,642,665]" pageId="8" pageNumber="323">Distribution:</emphasis>
|
||
Described from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FFB482277E8DFD5BFDC4FD0B" box="[486,592,642,665]" name="Honduras" pageId="8" pageNumber="323">Honduras</collectingCountry>
|
||
, this species is widely distributed in the West Indies as well as
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FFB482277DCEFD7BFD60FD2B" box="[677,756,674,697]" country="Sri Lanka" name="Central" pageId="8" pageNumber="323">Central</collectingRegion>
|
||
and South America (BMNH and MHNG specimens).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FFB482277FFCFD3DFED9FD69" author="Heppner J. B." bookContentInfo="670 pp." box="[151,333,739,763]" journalOrPublisher="Arthropods of Florida and neighbouring land areas 17" pageId="8" pageNumber="323" refString="Heppner J. B. 2003. Lepidoptera of Florida. Part 1. Introduction and catalog. Arthropods of Florida and neighbouring land areas 17: 670 pp." title="Lepidoptera of Florida. Part 1. Introduction and catalog" type="book" year="2003">Heppner (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
records it from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FFB482277D4BFD3BFDFAFD6B" box="[544,622,738,761]" country="Uruguay" name="Florida" pageId="8" pageNumber="323">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FFB482277DDEFD3DFD60FD69" box="[693,756,740,763]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="8" pageNumber="323">Texas</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FFB482277FF4FCDAFF43FC89" box="[159,215,771,795]" name="United States of America" pageId="8" pageNumber="323">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
) as well as
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FFB482277E38FCDAFE3CFC88" box="[339,424,771,794]" name="Mexico" pageId="8" pageNumber="323">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FFB482277E38FCDAFE3CFC88" box="[339,424,771,794]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="8" pageNumber="323">Mexico</collectingRegion>
|
||
</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C359652CFFB482277FFCFCEAFDCDFBB8" pageId="8" pageNumber="323" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FFB482277FFCFCEAFDCDFBB8" blockId="8.[151,756,818,1067]" pageId="8" pageNumber="323">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FFB482277FFCFCEAFE9DFCD9" bold="true" box="[151,265,819,843]" pageId="8" pageNumber="323">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||
The only known
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FFB482277EB0FCEBFDD8FCDB" box="[475,588,818,841]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="8" pageNumber="323">Galápagos</collectingRegion>
|
||
specimen was determined by Alma Solis based on a photograph sent to her. It is not illustrated here because of its poor condition. The male genitalia illustrated here (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13782A22FFB482277DF0FC4BFD78FC39" box="[667,748,914,939]" captionStart="Figs 95 - 97" captionStartId="31.[151,192,1673,1694]" captionTargetBox="[157,1432,257,1609]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[151,1436,257,1611]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figs 95 - 97. Male genitalia of Galápagos Spilomelinae, a and b from same slides, but not to scale, (a) showing the genitalia without phallus and (b), the phallus. (95) Beebea guglielmi: slide BMNH Pyr 21172, Santa Cruz, BMNH ©, the Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London. (96) Cheverella galapagensis paratype: slide MHNG-ENTO- 6070. (97) Cryptobotys zoilusalis: slide MHNG-ENTO- 8957, San Cristóbal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/162865/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="323">Fig. 97</figureCitation>
|
||
) are those of the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FFB482277E3AFC6AFE56FC58" box="[337,450,947,970]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="8" pageNumber="323">Galápagos</collectingRegion>
|
||
specimen, but
|
||
<figureCitation id="13782A22FFB482277D04FC6AFD7BFC59" box="[623,751,947,971]" captionStart="Figs 9 - 16" captionStartId="9.[151,192,1881,1902]" captionTargetBox="[244,1325,291,1818]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[199,1380,257,1831]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs 9 - 16. Specimens of Spilomelinae, size not to scale. (9) Cheverella galapagensis ♀, Galápagos, Santa Cruz, Los Gemelos, 27. v. 1992, MHNG. (10, 11) Cryptobotys zoilusalis. (10) ♀, Brazil, Bahía, Camacan, Res. Serra Bonita, 800 m, 8. iv. 2011, MHNG. (11) ♂, same locality, 27. iii. 2011, MHNG. (12, 13) Desmia mordor. (12) ♂ paratype, Galápagos, Santa Cruz, Los Gemelos, 4. v. 2002, MHNG. (13) ♀ holotype, CNC. (14) Diaphania galapagensis ♂ paratype, Galápagos, Isabela, NE slope Alcedo, near pega-pega camp, 483 m, 31. iii. 2004, MHNG. (15) Diaphania hyalinata ♂, Galápagos, Santa Cruz, Los Gemelos, 4. v. 2002, MHNG. (16) Diaphania indica ♂, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Haut Katanga, Tshinkolobwe, 12. iii. 1931, MHNG." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/162854/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="323">Figs 10, 11</figureCitation>
|
||
, and 143 are specimens collected in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FFB482277D3FFC0AFD0DFC78" box="[596,665,979,1002]" name="Brazil" pageId="8" pageNumber="323">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FFB482277DC5FC0AFDB6FB98" authority="Camacan, Reserva Serra Bonita. The" authorityName="Camacan, Reserva Serra Bonita. The" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Bahia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="8" pageNumber="323" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FFB482277DC5FC0AFD64FC78" box="[686,752,979,1002]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="8" pageNumber="323">Bahía</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Camacan, Reserva Serra Bonita. The
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species is recorded here from the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FFB482277E45FBCAFE0BFBB8" box="[302,415,1043,1066]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="8" pageNumber="323">Galápagos</collectingRegion>
|
||
for the first time.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |