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<document id="E27A04F714E79FAA64A2E3D78A0E2044" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.155309" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b195c5ca-7f2b-4f1b-a9a9-c1095c95d012" ID-ISSN="0035-418" ID-Zenodo-Dep="155309" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1477237842213" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Bernard Landry" docDate="2016" docId="03EA87B1FF8C821F7E48F928FC16F8A2" docLanguage="en" docName="13_Landry.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Revue suisse de Zoologie 123 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:225056F0A23C51DDC06AC27EAEA15D5B.2:RevSuisseZool.2015-2019.journal_article" docStyleId="225056F0A23C51DDC06AC27EAEA15D5B" docStyleName="RevSuisseZool.2015-2019.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Palpita flegia Cramer 1777" docType="treatment" docVersion="17" lastPageNumber="363" masterDocId="FFD3FFC9FFBC822F7F6BFFD9FF94FF92" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of the Spilomelinae (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae s. l.) of the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador" masterLastPageNumber="399" masterPageNumber="315" pageNumber="363" updateTime="1698390478594" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="248C7281E066B33253B53DAA47F1E38E">Taxonomic revision of the Spilomelinae (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae s. l.) of the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C8280AA9F80FCC3221ACE2230B491B02">Bernard Landry</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03EA87B1FF8C821F7E48F928FC16F8A2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5823214" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124557759" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5823214" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EA87B1FF8C821F7E48F928FC16F8A2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA87B1FF8C821F7E48F928FC16F8A2" lastPageNumber="363" pageId="48" pageNumber="363">
<subSubSection id="C359652CFF8C821F7E48F928FDFCF89A" box="[291,616,1776,1800]" pageId="48" pageNumber="363" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FF8C821F7E48F928FDFCF89A" blockId="48.[291,616,1776,1833]" box="[291,616,1776,1800]" pageId="48" pageNumber="363">
<heading id="D0B481CBFF8C821F7E48F928FDFCF89A" bold="true" box="[291,616,1776,1800]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="48" pageNumber="363" reason="6">
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF8C821F7E48F928FDFCF89A" authority="Cramer, 1777" authorityName="Cramer" authorityYear="1777" box="[291,616,1776,1800]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Palpita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flegia" subFamily="Spilomelinae">
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8C821F7E48F928FDFCF89A" bold="true" box="[291,616,1776,1800]" pageId="48" pageNumber="363">
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8C821F7E48F928FE21F89A" bold="true" box="[291,437,1776,1800]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="363">Palpita flegia</emphasis>
(Cramer, 1777)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C359652CFF8C821F7E02F8C8FDB6F8BA" box="[361,546,1809,1833]" pageId="48" pageNumber="363" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FF8C821F7E02F8C8FDB6F8BA" blockId="48.[291,616,1776,1833]" box="[361,546,1809,1833]" pageId="48" pageNumber="363">
<figureCitation id="13782A22FF8C821F7E02F8C8FE2FF8BB" box="[361,443,1809,1833]" captionStart="Figs 33 - 40" captionStartId="15.[151,192,1881,1902]" captionTargetBox="[208,1380,257,1817]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[208,1380,257,1820]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figs 33 - 40. Neotropical specimens of Spilomelinae, size not to scale. (33, 34) Marasmia trapezalis. (33) ♂, Galápagos, Isabela, Sierra Negra, 11 km N Puerto Villamil, 9. iv. 2004, MHNG. (34) ♀, Galápagos, Santiago, Central, 700 m, 9. iv. 1992, MHNG. (35) Maruca vitrata ♀, Ecuador, Pichincha, Septimo Paraiso Reserve, ± 1300 m, 10. v. 2002, MHNG. (36) Microthyris anormalis ♀, Galápagos, Isabela, V. Darwin, 300 m, 15. v. 1992, MHNG. (37) Neoleucinodes elegantalis ♂, Guyane française, Rte de Kaw @ pk 37, 271 m, 6. iv. 2008, MHNG. (38, 39) Neoleucinodes galapagensis. (38) ♂ holotype, MHNG. (39) ♀ paratype, Isabela, NE slope Alcedo, ca. 400 m up Los Guayabillos camp, 892 m, 1. iv. 2004, MHNG. (40) Palpita flegia ♂, Galápagos, Santa Cruz, ix-xi. 1970, BMNH ©, the Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/162857/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="363">Figs 40</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13782A22FF8C821F7EADF8C8FE7BF8BB" box="[454,495,1809,1833]" captionStart="Figs 116 - 118" captionStartId="45.[151,192,1694,1715]" captionTargetBox="[166,1436,265,1637]" captionTargetId="figure@45.[151,1437,261,1638]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="Figs 116 - 118. Male genitalia of Neotropical Spilomelinae, a and b from same slides, but not to scale, (a) showing the genitalia without phallus and (b), the phallus. (116) Neoleucinodes galapagensis holotype. (117) Omiodes indicata: slide MHNG- ENTO- 8698, Galápagos, Santa Cruz. (118) Palpita flegia: slide MHNG-ENTO- 8997, Brazil." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/162872/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="363">118</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13782A22FF8C821F7E91F8C8FDB6F8BA" box="[506,546,1809,1832]" captionStart="Figs 163 - 167" captionStartId="71.[151,192,1970,1991]" captionTargetBox="[179,1405,263,1907]" captionTargetId="figure@71.[144,1429,254,1908]" captionTargetPageId="71" captionText="Figs 163 - 167. Female genitalia of Neotropical Spilomelinae, not to scale. (163) Omiodes indicata: slide MHNG-ENTO- 9008, Galápagos, Isabela. (164) Palpita flegia: slide MHNG-ENTO- 8998, Colombia. (165) Patania silicalis: slide MHNG- ENTO- 8990, Galápagos, Isabela. (166) Penestola bufalis: slide CNC PYR 362, Galápagos, Santa Cruz. (167) Pilocrocis ramentalis: slide MHNG-ENTO- 8695, Galápagos, San Cristóbal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/162885/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="363">164</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C359652CFF8C821F7FFCF8E7FD25F8E2" pageId="48" pageNumber="363" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FF8C821F7FFCF8E7FDDAF8C1" blockId="48.[151,689,1854,1906]" box="[151,590,1854,1877]" pageId="48" pageNumber="363">
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF8C821F7FFCF8E7FF67F8C1" box="[151,243,1854,1875]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Phalaena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8C821F7FFCF8E7FF67F8C1" box="[151,243,1854,1875]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="363">Phalaena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF8C821F7F92F8E7FDBDF8C1" authority="Cramer, 1777: 66" authorityName="Cramer" authorityPageNumber="66" authorityYear="1777" box="[249,553,1854,1877]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Pyralis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flegia" subFamily="Spilomelinae">
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8C821F7F92F8E7FEEDF8C7" box="[249,377,1854,1877]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="363">Pyralis flegia</emphasis>
Cramer, 1777: 66
</taxonomicName>
-67.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FF8C821F7FFCF882FD25F8E2" blockId="48.[151,689,1854,1906]" box="[151,689,1883,1906]" pageId="48" pageNumber="363">
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF8C821F7FFCF882FEEFF8E0" authority="Cramer" authorityName="Cramer" box="[151,379,1883,1906]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Palpita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flegia" subFamily="Spilomelinae">
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8C821F7FFCF882FE8DF8E3" box="[151,281,1883,1905]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="363">Palpita flegia</emphasis>
(Cramer)
</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FF8C821F7EEFF882FD39F8E2" author="Roque-Albelo L. &amp; Landry B." box="[388,685,1883,1905]" editor="Bungartz F." journalOrPublisher="Charles Darwin Foundation / Fundacion Charles Darwin, Puerto Ayora, Galapagos" pageId="48" pageNumber="363" pagination="2015" part="30" publicationUrl="http://www.darwinfoundation" refString="Roque-Albelo L., Landry B. 2015. Lepidoptera. In: Bungartz F., Herrera H., Jaramillo P., Tirado N., Jimenez-Uzcategui G., Ruiz D., Guezou A., Ziemmeck F. (eds.). Charles Darwin Foundation Galapagos Species Checklist - Lista de Especies de Galapagos de la Fundacion Charles Darwin. Charles Darwin Foundation / Fundacion Charles Darwin, Puerto Ayora, Galapagos: http: // www. darwinfoundation. org / datazone / checklists / terrestrial-invertebrates / Last updated 30 November 2015." title="Lepidoptera" type="journal article" volumeTitle="Charles Darwin Foundation Galapagos Species Checklist - Lista de Especies de Galapagos de la Fundacion Charles Darwin" year="2015">Roque-Albelo &amp; Landry, 2015</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C359652CFF8C821F7FFCF84FFE62F87D" pageId="48" pageNumber="363" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FF8C821F7FFCF84FFE62F87D" blockId="48.[151,757,1942,2031]" pageId="48" pageNumber="363">
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8C821F7FFCF84FFE14F83F" bold="true" box="[151,384,1942,1965]" pageId="48" pageNumber="363">Material examined:</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="9D45FD2EFF8C821F7EE5F84EFE2AF83D" box="[398,446,1943,1967]" pageId="48" pageNumber="363" type="male">2 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D45FD2EFF8C821F7EB8F84EFD97F83D" box="[467,515,1943,1967]" pageId="48" pageNumber="363" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
from the
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF8C821F7DE8F84FFF73F85F" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="48" pageNumber="363">Galápagos Islands</collectingRegion>
:
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8C821F7E49F86EFE3CF85C" box="[290,424,1975,1998]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="363">
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF8C821F7E49F86EFE3CF85C" box="[290,424,1975,1998]" country="Bolivia" name="Santa Cruz" pageId="48" pageNumber="363">Santa Cruz</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
: [without precise locality]. Deposited in
<collectionCode id="ED52AE62FF8C821F7E4EF801FEE1F87D" box="[293,373,2008,2031]" pageId="48" pageNumber="363">BMNH</collectionCode>
and
<collectionCode id="ED52AE62FF8C821F7EC2F80EFE66F87D" box="[425,498,2007,2031]" country="Ecuador" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rhcv-mdhf" name="Invertebrate Collection" pageId="48" pageNumber="363">CDRS</collectionCode>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C359652CFF8C821F7FFCF7DFFAA2FE08" pageId="48" pageNumber="363" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FF8C821F7FFCF7DFFD60F78F" blockId="48.[151,273,2054,2077]" box="[151,756,2054,2078]" lastBlockId="48.[691,756,2054,2077]" pageId="48" pageNumber="363">
<heading id="D0B481CBFF8C821F7FFCF7DFFE85F78F" bold="true" box="[151,273,2054,2077]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="48" pageNumber="363" reason="2">
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8C821F7FFCF7DFFE85F78F" bold="true" box="[151,273,2054,2077]" pageId="48" pageNumber="363">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
</heading>
In
<heading id="D0B481CBFF8C821F7E3FF7DFFD60F78F" box="[340,756,2054,2077]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="4" pageId="48" pageNumber="363" reason="4">
the
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF8C821F7EE0F7DFFE6AF78F" box="[395,510,2054,2077]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="48" pageNumber="363">Galápagos</collectingRegion>
this mostly satiny
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FF8C821F7C54FEDBFAA2FE08" blockId="48.[831,1437,258,411]" pageId="48" pageNumber="363">
white species (
<figureCitation id="13782A22FF8C821F7C80FEDBFBABFE89" box="[1003,1087,258,283]" captionStart="Figs 33 - 40" captionStartId="15.[151,192,1881,1902]" captionTargetBox="[208,1380,257,1817]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[208,1380,257,1820]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figs 33 - 40. Neotropical specimens of Spilomelinae, size not to scale. (33, 34) Marasmia trapezalis. (33) ♂, Galápagos, Isabela, Sierra Negra, 11 km N Puerto Villamil, 9. iv. 2004, MHNG. (34) ♀, Galápagos, Santiago, Central, 700 m, 9. iv. 1992, MHNG. (35) Maruca vitrata ♀, Ecuador, Pichincha, Septimo Paraiso Reserve, ± 1300 m, 10. v. 2002, MHNG. (36) Microthyris anormalis ♀, Galápagos, Isabela, V. Darwin, 300 m, 15. v. 1992, MHNG. (37) Neoleucinodes elegantalis ♂, Guyane française, Rte de Kaw @ pk 37, 271 m, 6. iv. 2008, MHNG. (38, 39) Neoleucinodes galapagensis. (38) ♂ holotype, MHNG. (39) ♀ paratype, Isabela, NE slope Alcedo, ca. 400 m up Los Guayabillos camp, 892 m, 1. iv. 2004, MHNG. (40) Palpita flegia ♂, Galápagos, Santa Cruz, ix-xi. 1970, BMNH ©, the Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/162857/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="363">Fig. 40</figureCitation>
) is only similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF8C821F7A42FEDBFC58FEAB" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Diaphania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="galapagensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8C821F7A42FEDBFC58FEAB" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="363">Diaphania galapagensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20457CEFF8C821F7CBFFEFAFB9AFEA8" box="[980,1038,291,314]" pageId="48" pageNumber="363" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<figureCitation id="13782A22FF8C821F7B75FEFBFBFAFEA9" box="[1054,1134,290,315]" captionStart="Figs 9 - 16" captionStartId="9.[151,192,1881,1902]" captionTargetBox="[244,1325,291,1818]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[199,1380,257,1831]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs 9 - 16. Specimens of Spilomelinae, size not to scale. (9) Cheverella galapagensis ♀, Galápagos, Santa Cruz, Los Gemelos, 27. v. 1992, MHNG. (10, 11) Cryptobotys zoilusalis. (10) ♀, Brazil, Bahía, Camacan, Res. Serra Bonita, 800 m, 8. iv. 2011, MHNG. (11) ♂, same locality, 27. iii. 2011, MHNG. (12, 13) Desmia mordor. (12) ♂ paratype, Galápagos, Santa Cruz, Los Gemelos, 4. v. 2002, MHNG. (13) ♀ holotype, CNC. (14) Diaphania galapagensis ♂ paratype, Galápagos, Isabela, NE slope Alcedo, near pega-pega camp, 483 m, 31. iii. 2004, MHNG. (15) Diaphania hyalinata ♂, Galápagos, Santa Cruz, Los Gemelos, 4. v. 2002, MHNG. (16) Diaphania indica ♂, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Haut Katanga, Tshinkolobwe, 12. iii. 1931, MHNG." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/162854/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="363">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
). However,
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF8C821F7B9AFEFBFA17FEA8" box="[1265,1411,290,314]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Palpita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flegia" subFamily="Spilomelinae">
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8C821F7B9AFEFBFA17FEA8" box="[1265,1411,290,314]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="363">Palpita flegia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is larger, with a wingspan of up to
<quantity id="4CBB9B42FF8C821F7BF2FE9BFB70FEC8" box="[1177,1252,322,346]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="48" pageNumber="363" unit="mm" value="50.0">50 mm</quantity>
versus
<quantity id="4CBB9B42FF8C821F7A5DFE9AFA14FEC8" box="[1334,1408,323,347]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="48" pageNumber="363" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
in
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF8C821F7C54FEBDFC7BFEEB" box="[831,1007,354,379]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Diaphania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="galapagensis">
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8C821F7C54FEBDFC7BFEEB" box="[831,1007,354,379]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="363">D. galapagensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Also, the forewing costa of
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF8C821F7A40FEBDFA16FEE9" box="[1323,1410,354,379]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Palpita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flegia" subFamily="Spilomelinae">
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8C821F7A40FEBDFA16FEE9" box="[1323,1410,354,379]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="363">P. flegia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is blue whereas that of
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF8C821F7B75FE5DFB5FFE08" box="[1054,1227,387,411]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Diaphania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="galapagensis">
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8C821F7B75FE5DFB5FFE08" box="[1054,1227,387,411]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="363">D. galapagensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is brown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C359652CFF8C821F7C54FE6BFAAAFBDF" pageId="48" pageNumber="363" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FF8C821F7C54FE6BFAAAFBDF" blockId="48.[831,1437,434,1103]" pageId="48" pageNumber="363">
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8C821F7C54FE6BFC34FE5B" bold="true" box="[831,928,434,457]" pageId="48" pageNumber="363">Biology:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FF8C821F7CDFFE6AFBF7FE5B" author="Guenee M. A." box="[948,1123,434,459]" editor="Boisduval J. B. A. D. de" journalOrPublisher="Species General des Lepidopteres 8" pageId="48" pageNumber="363" pagination="1 - 448" part="8" refString="Guenee M. A. 1854. Deltoides et Pyralites. Pp. 1 - 448. In: Boisduval J. B. A. D. de &amp; Guenee M. A., Histoire naturelle des insectes. Species General des Lepidopteres 8 8. Roret, Paris." title="Deltoides et Pyralites. Pp" type="journal article" volumeTitle="Histoire naturelle des insectes" year="1854">Guenée (1854)</bibRefCitation>
presumably recorded the first host plant of the larva as
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8C821F7BA7FE0BFA07FE7B" box="[1228,1427,466,489]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="363">
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF8C821F7BA7FE0BFAB2FE7B" box="[1228,1318,466,489]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Cerbera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="48" pageNumber="363" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Cerbera</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF8C821F7A5DFE0BFA07FE7B" box="[1334,1427,466,489]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Cascabela" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="48" pageNumber="363" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thevetia">Thevetia</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
[now
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF8C821F7CE9FE2BFBC1FD9B" box="[898,1109,498,521]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Cascabela" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="48" pageNumber="363" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thevetia">
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8C821F7CE9FE2BFBC1FD9B" box="[898,1109,498,521]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="363">Cascabela thevetia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(L.) Lippold,
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF8C821F7B97FE2AFA07FD99" box="[1276,1427,499,523]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="48" pageNumber="363" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Apocynaceae</taxonomicName>
]. He added that the larva lives within leaves attached with silk, eating the leaves and defoliating a plant in a few days.
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FF8C821F7CA2FD8AFB50FDFE" author="Robinson G. S. &amp; Ackery P. R. &amp; Kitching I. J. &amp; Beccaloni G. W. &amp; Hernandez L. M." box="[969,1220,595,620]" journalOrPublisher="a Database of the World's Lepidopteran Hostplants" pageId="48" pageNumber="363" publicationUrl="http://www.nhm.ac.uk/researchcuration/research/projects/hostplants" refString="Robinson G. S., Ackery P. R., Kitching I. J., Beccaloni G. W., Hernandez L. M. 2014. HOSTS - a Database of the World's Lepidopteran Hostplants. http: // www. nhm. ac. uk / researchcuration / research / projects / hostplants /" title="HOSTS" type="book" year="2014">
Robinson
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8C821F7B51FD8DFBE7FDF8" box="[1082,1139,595,619]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="363">et al.</emphasis>
(2014)
</bibRefCitation>
cite two additional
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF8C821F7C54FDADFC44FD1E" box="[831,976,628,652]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="48" pageNumber="363" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Apocynaceae</taxonomicName>
species as host plants. specimen in the CDRS bears a label with # 167 which refers to information in a notebook mentioning that from September onwards [until December] it is abundant in Puerto Ayora, feeding on a bush of family
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF8C821F7A0CFD2CFC27FCB9" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="48" pageNumber="363" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Anacardiaceae</taxonomicName>
, the pupa making a loose cocoon between leaves. Possibly
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF8C821F7B7BFCEDFB7AFCD9" box="[1040,1262,820,843]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Cascabela" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="48" pageNumber="363" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thevetia">
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8C821F7B7BFCEDFB7AFCD9" box="[1040,1262,820,843]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="363">Cascabela thevetia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(L.) Lippold, Yellow
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF8C821F7CF7FC8CFB95FCFE" box="[924,1025,853,876]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Nerium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="48" pageNumber="363" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oleander">Oleander</taxonomicName>
, or
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF8C821F7B51FC8FFB6FFCFE" box="[1082,1275,853,877]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Nerium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="48" pageNumber="363" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oleander">
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8C821F7B51FC8FFB6FFCFE" box="[1082,1275,853,877]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="363">Nerium oleander</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L., Common
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF8C821F7C54FCACFC36FC1E" box="[831,930,885,908]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Nerium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="48" pageNumber="363" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oleander">Oleander</taxonomicName>
, or
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF8C821F7CA6FCACFB2CFC1E" box="[973,1208,885,908]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Allamanda" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="48" pageNumber="363" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cathartica">
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8C821F7CA6FCACFB2CFC1E" box="[973,1208,885,908]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="363">Allamanda cathartica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L., Golden Trumpet, represent the bush in question as all three
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF8C821F7A66FC4FFA09FC3C" box="[1293,1437,918,942]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="48" pageNumber="363" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Apocynaceae</taxonomicName>
are planted in the town of Puerto Ayora (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FF8C821F7A49FC6CFCEDFC7C" author="McMullen C. K." bookContentInfo="370 pp." journalOrPublisher="Cornell University Press, Ithaca and London" pageId="48" pageNumber="363" refString="McMullen C. K. 1999. Flowering plants of the Galapagos. Cornell University Press, Ithaca and London. 370 pp." title="Flowering plants of the Galapagos" type="book" year="1999">McMullen, 1999</bibRefCitation>
). But there are also four introduced, cultivated trees in the family
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF8C821F7B70FC2FFB28FB9F" box="[1051,1212,1014,1037]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="48" pageNumber="363" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Anacardiaceae</taxonomicName>
, such as
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF8C821F7A40FC2FFC16FBBF" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Mangifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="48" pageNumber="363" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="indica">
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8C821F7A40FC2FFC16FBBF" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="363">Mangifera indica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L., the mango, that are likely to be found in Puerto Ayora (Jaramillo
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FF8C821F7B2FFBEEFAA7FBDF" author="Jaramillo Diaz P." box="[1092,1331,1078,1103]" editor="Bungartz F." journalOrPublisher="Charles Darwin Foundation / Fundacion Charles Darwin, Puerto Ayora, Galapagos" pageId="48" pageNumber="363" pagination="2016" part="1" publicationUrl="http://www.darwinfoundation.org" refString="Jaramillo Diaz P., GuezouA. 2015. CDF Checklist of Galapagos Vascular Plants - FCD Lista de especies de Plantas Vasculares de Galapagos. In: Bungartz F., Herrera H., Jaramillo P., Tirado N., Jimenez-Uzcategui G., Ruiz D., Guezou A. &amp; Ziemmeck F. (eds.). Charles Darwin Foundation Galapagos Species Checklist - Lista de Especies de Galapagos de la Fundacion Charles Darwin. Charles Darwin Foundation / Fundacion Charles Darwin, Puerto Ayora, Galapagos: http: // www. darwinfoundation. org / datazone / checklists / vascular-plants / Last accessed 1 June 2016." title="CDF Checklist of Galapagos Vascular Plants - FCD Lista de especies de Plantas Vasculares de Galapagos" type="journal article" volumeTitle="Charles Darwin Foundation Galapagos Species Checklist - Lista de Especies de Galapagos de la Fundacion Charles Darwin" year="2015">Díaz &amp; Guézou, 2015</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C359652CFF8C821F7C54FBBCFA18FA12" pageId="48" pageNumber="363" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FF8C821F7C54FBBCFA18FA12" blockId="48.[831,1436,1125,1408]" pageId="48" pageNumber="363">
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8C821F7C54FBBCFC43FBEE" bold="true" box="[831,983,1125,1148]" pageId="48" pageNumber="363">Distribution:</emphasis>
Based on specimens in the BMNH, this species is widespread in the Neotropical Region, including several of the Antilles,
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FF8C821F7B8FFB7FFAAEFB2F" box="[1252,1338,1190,1213]" name="Mexico" pageId="48" pageNumber="363">
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF8C821F7B8FFB7FFAAEFB2F" box="[1252,1338,1190,1213]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="48" pageNumber="363">Mexico</collectingRegion>
</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FF8C821F7A3BFB7FFA0CFB2F" box="[1360,1432,1190,1213]" name="Belize" pageId="48" pageNumber="363">
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF8C821F7A3BFB7FFA0CFB2F" box="[1360,1432,1190,1213]" country="Belize" name="Belize" pageId="48" pageNumber="363">Belize</collectingRegion>
</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FF8C821F7C54FB1EFC2FFB4F" box="[831,955,1222,1247]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="48" pageNumber="363">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FF8C821F7CA2FB1FFBD4FB4F" box="[969,1088,1222,1245]" name="Guatemala" pageId="48" pageNumber="363">
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF8C821F7CA2FB1FFBD4FB4F" box="[969,1088,1222,1245]" country="Guatemala" name="Guatemala" pageId="48" pageNumber="363">Guatemala</collectingRegion>
</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FF8C821F7B26FB1FFB2CFB4F" box="[1101,1208,1222,1245]" name="Honduras" pageId="48" pageNumber="363">Honduras</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FF8C821F7BADFB1EFA8AFB4C" box="[1222,1310,1223,1246]" name="Panama" pageId="48" pageNumber="363">
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF8C821F7BADFB1EFA8AFB4C" box="[1222,1310,1223,1246]" country="Panama" name="Panama" pageId="48" pageNumber="363">Panama</collectingRegion>
</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FF8C821F7A47FB1FFA0DFB4F" box="[1324,1433,1222,1245]" name="Colombia" pageId="48" pageNumber="363">Colombia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FF8C821F7C54FB3FFC25FB6F" box="[831,945,1254,1277]" name="Venezuela" pageId="48" pageNumber="363">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FF8C821F7CAFFB3FFBF9FB6F" box="[964,1133,1254,1277]" name="Guyana" pageId="48" pageNumber="363">British Guiana</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FF8C821F7B14FB3FFB72FB6F" box="[1151,1254,1254,1277]" name="Suriname" pageId="48" pageNumber="363">Suriname</collectingCountry>
(
<typeStatus id="54F88805FF8C821F7B96FB3EFAB9FB6D" box="[1277,1325,1255,1279]" pageId="48" pageNumber="363">type</typeStatus>
locality),
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FF8C821F7C54FADFFC10FA8F" box="[831,900,1286,1309]" name="Brazil" pageId="48" pageNumber="363">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, and
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FF8C821F7CA6FAD1FBA7FAB2" box="[973,1075,1288,1312]" name="Paraguay" pageId="48" pageNumber="363">
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF8C821F7CA6FAD1FBA7FAB2" box="[973,1075,1288,1312]" country="Paraguay" name="Asuncion" pageId="48" pageNumber="363">Paraguay</collectingRegion>
</collectingCountry>
, while in the Nearctic Region it is found in the south-eastern
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FF8C821F7BCBFAFEFB56FAAD" box="[1184,1218,1319,1343]" name="United States of America" pageId="48" pageNumber="363">US</collectingCountry>
States of
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF8C821F7A5EFAFEFA0CFAAC" box="[1333,1432,1319,1342]" country="United States of America" name="Alabama" pageId="48" pageNumber="363">Alabama</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF8C821F7C54FA9EFC04FACC" box="[831,912,1351,1374]" country="Uruguay" name="Florida" pageId="48" pageNumber="363">Florida</collectingRegion>
, and
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF8C821F7CB0FA91FB8EFACD" box="[987,1050,1352,1375]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="48" pageNumber="363">Texas</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FF8C821F7B5AFA91FAAEFACC" author="Patterson B." box="[1073,1338,1351,1376]" journalOrPublisher="North American Moth Photographers Group" pageId="48" pageNumber="363" publicationUrl="http://mothphotographersgroup.msstate.edu" refString="Patterson B. et al. 2015. North American Moth Photographers Group. http: // mothphotographersgroup. msstate. edu." title="et al" type="book" year="2015">
Patterson
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8C821F7BC3FA91FB75FACC" box="[1192,1249,1351,1375]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="363">et al</emphasis>
., 2015
</bibRefCitation>
). In the
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF8C821F7C54FABEFC24FAEC" box="[831,944,1383,1406]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="48" pageNumber="363">Galápagos</collectingRegion>
it has been found so far only on
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF8C821F7A65FAB1FA13FA12" box="[1294,1415,1384,1408]" country="Bolivia" name="Santa Cruz" pageId="48" pageNumber="363">Santa Cruz</collectingRegion>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C359652CFF8C821F7C54FA4EFC16F8A2" pageId="48" pageNumber="363" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FF8C821F7C54FA4EFC16F8A2" blockId="48.[831,1437,1430,1840]" pageId="48" pageNumber="363">
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8C821F7C54FA4EFC26FA3D" bold="true" box="[831,946,1431,1455]" pageId="48" pageNumber="363">Remarks:</emphasis>
The original description, its associated illustration (pl. 140 fig. D), as well as specimens identified in the BMNH were used to identify
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF8C821F7A47FA0EFA09FA7C" box="[1324,1437,1495,1518]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="48" pageNumber="363">Galápagos</collectingRegion>
specimens. Synonym
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF8C821F7B5BFA2EFA0CF99C" authority="Zeller, 1852" authorityName="Zeller" authorityYear="1852" box="[1072,1432,1527,1550]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Paradosis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villosalis" subFamily="Spilomelinae">
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8C821F7B5BFA2EFA93F99C" box="[1072,1287,1527,1550]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="363">Paradosis villosalis</emphasis>
Zeller, 1852
</taxonomicName>
, was described from
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF8C821F7B4EF9C1FBC1F9BD" box="[1061,1109,1560,1583]" country="Suriname" name="Para" pageId="48" pageNumber="363">Para</collectingRegion>
(
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FF8C821F7B0CF9CEFB38F9BC" box="[1127,1196,1559,1582]" name="Brazil" pageId="48" pageNumber="363">Brazil</collectingCountry>
) as mentioned in the original description and one of the
<typeStatus id="54F88805FF8C821F7BABF9E1FB7AF9C2" box="[1216,1262,1592,1616]" pageId="48" pageNumber="363">type</typeStatus>
labels, contrary to Munroes (1995: 70)
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FF8C821F7B39F98EFB7CF9FC" box="[1106,1256,1623,1646]" name="South Africa" pageId="48" pageNumber="363">South Africa</collectingCountry>
? record of
<typeStatus id="54F88805FF8C821F7A05F980FA08F9E3" box="[1390,1436,1625,1649]" pageId="48" pageNumber="363">type</typeStatus>
locality. The
<typeStatus id="54F88805FF8C821F7CB4F9A1FBD6F91D" box="[991,1090,1656,1679]" pageId="48" pageNumber="363" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF8C821F7B12F9A1FC73F93D" authority="Guenee (1854)" authorityName="Guenee" authorityYear="1854" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Margarodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phantasmalis">
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8C821F7B12F9A1FA08F91D" box="[1145,1436,1656,1679]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="363">Margarodes phantasmalis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FF8C821F7C54F940FC73F93D" author="Guenee M. A." box="[831,999,1688,1713]" editor="Boisduval J. B. A. D. de" journalOrPublisher="Species General des Lepidopteres 8" pageId="48" pageNumber="363" pagination="1 - 448" part="8" refString="Guenee M. A. 1854. Deltoides et Pyralites. Pp. 1 - 448. In: Boisduval J. B. A. D. de &amp; Guenee M. A., Histoire naturelle des insectes. Species General des Lepidopteres 8 8. Roret, Paris." title="Deltoides et Pyralites. Pp" type="journal article" volumeTitle="Histoire naturelle des insectes" year="1854">Guenée (1854)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF8C821F7BCBF940FB6EF922" box="[1184,1274,1688,1712]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Palpita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flegia" subFamily="Spilomelinae">
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8C821F7BCBF940FB6EF922" box="[1184,1274,1688,1712]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="363">P. flegia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, could not be found in the BMHN. This
<typeStatus id="54F88805FF8C821F7B03F961FB5EF95D" box="[1128,1226,1720,1743]" pageId="48" pageNumber="363" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
was designated by
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FF8C821F7C54F900FB8BF963" author="Munroe E. G." box="[831,1055,1752,1777]" editor="Heppner, J. B." journalOrPublisher="Hyblaeoidea - Pyraloidea - Tortricoidea" pageId="48" pageNumber="363" pagination="34 - 79" part="3" refString="Munroe E. G. 1995. Crambidae (Crambinae, Schoenobiinae, Cybalomiinae, Linostinae, Glaphyriinae, Dichogaminae, Scopariinae, Musotiminae, Midilinae, Nymphulinae, Odontiinae, Evergestinae, Pyraustinae). Pp. 34 - 79. In: Heppner, J. B., Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Checklist: Part 2. Hyblaeoidea - Pyraloidea - Tortricoidea 3. Association for Tropical Lepidoptera &amp; Scientific Publishers, Gainesville." title="Crambidae (Crambinae, Schoenobiinae, Cybalomiinae, Linostinae, Glaphyriinae, Dichogaminae, Scopariinae, Musotiminae, Midilinae, Nymphulinae, Odontiinae, Evergestinae, Pyraustinae). Pp" type="journal article" volumeTitle="Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Checklist: Part 2" year="1995">Munroe (1995: 170)</bibRefCitation>
from the
<typeStatus id="54F88805FF8C821F7BFAF900FB70F963" box="[1169,1252,1753,1777]" pageId="48" pageNumber="363" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
from
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FF8C821F7A47F901FA0DF97D" box="[1324,1433,1752,1775]" name="Colombia" pageId="48" pageNumber="363">Colombia</collectingCountry>
; the other
<typeStatus id="54F88805FF8C821F7CD8F923FB9EF880" box="[947,1034,1786,1810]" pageId="48" pageNumber="363" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
, from Bengal, could not be found either.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>