231 lines
29 KiB
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231 lines
29 KiB
XML
<document id="6742871A55EACA070F994BB160FBF827" ID-CLB-Dataset="5634" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3786.5.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="cdd39956-de72-43ea-afa3-cf79f805dd83" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4913561" ID-ZooBank="D2764982-F7D7-4922-BF3F-8314FE9FD869" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1623171832930" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Schoddei, Richard & Christidis, Les" docDate="2014" docId="03C087B55B6FA842FF75F8D8FB38FBCC" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03786p522.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3786 (5)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Melampitta Schlegel 1871" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="512" masterDocId="FFF9FFCD5B65A849FFE2FFADFF95FFB3" masterDocTitle="Relicts from Tertiary Australasia: undescribed families and subfamilies of songbirds (Passeriformes) and their zoogeographic signal" masterLastPageNumber="522" masterPageNumber="501" pageNumber="511" updateTime="1699005125857" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="181764F458B0D8ED91614C6A1D677C1F">Relicts from Tertiary Australasia: undescribed families and subfamilies of songbirds (Passeriformes) and their zoogeographic signal</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="AF724ED4E8B93B6A53DA1B9CCB6987F4">Schoddei, Richard</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0154894DC6D77EADAF0DB24E1211EB1A">Christidis, Les</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="B8CC640D1C489062EA1C7338A6C40A8A">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="62078A4F41124A31C8D8DCDC1CDF9CE9">
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<mods:date id="E3EBB11607B6F47744AE53D2FAC9728B">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="45CAE743F7A6A3997CE694DA44FA554B">2014-04-14</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="A27F96E20BE7272D74835CF9FDF8D43D">3786</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03C087B55B6FA842FF75F8D8FB38FBCC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4913569" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183401421" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4913569" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C087B55B6FA842FF75F8D8FB38FBCC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C087B55B6FA842FF75F8D8FB38FBCC" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="512" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">
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<subSubSection id="C37365285B6FA843FF75F8D8FEABF83C" box="[151,318,1909,1935]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD636A35B6FA843FF75F8D8FEABF83C" blockId="10.[151,318,1909,1935]" box="[151,318,1909,1935]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">
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<heading id="D09E81CF5B6FA843FF75F8D8FEABF83C" bold="true" box="[151,318,1909,1935]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="511" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B6FA843FF75F8D8FEABF83C" bold="true" box="[151,318,1909,1935]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">
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5.
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<taxonomicName id="4C694D205B6FA843FF56F8D8FEABF83C" ID-CoL="5NBL" authorityName="Schlegel" authorityYear="1871" box="[180,318,1909,1935]" class="Aves" family="Corcoracidae" genus="Melampitta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="511" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B6FA843FF56F8D8FEABF83C" bold="true" box="[180,318,1909,1935]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">Melampitta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37365285B6FA842FF75F818FB38FBCC" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="512" pageId="10" pageNumber="511" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BD636A35B6FA842FF75F818FD66FDA8" blockId="10.[151,1436,1973,2034]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1436,151,1151]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="512" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">
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After
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B525B6FA843FF3BF81BFEF2F87D" author="Mayr, E." box="[217,359,1973,1998]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511" pagination="333 - 337" refId="ref18115" refString="Mayr, E. (1931) Die Syrinx einiger Singvogel aus Neu-Guinea. Journal fur Ornithologie, 79, 333 - 337. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / bf 01953006" type="journal article" year="1931">Mayr (1931)</bibRefCitation>
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demonstrated that its syringeal morphology was oscine, the ground-living
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<taxonomicName id="4C694D205B6FA843FB51F818FAA1F87D" authorityName="Schlegel" authorityYear="1871" box="[1203,1332,1973,1998]" class="Aves" family="Corcoracidae" genus="Melampitta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="511" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B6FA843FB51F818FAA1F87D" box="[1203,1332,1973,1998]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">Melampitta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group of montane New
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<collectingCountry id="F37E76335B6FA843FEA9F874FE09F841" box="[331,412,2009,2034]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">Guinea</collectingCountry>
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has been included among the Old World babblers (
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<taxonomicName id="4C694D205B6FA843FBC4F874FB37F841" box="[1062,1186,2009,2034]" class="Aves" family="Timaliidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="511" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Timaliidae</taxonomicName>
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) or Australo-Papuan logrunners, quail-thrushes and whipbirds (
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<taxonomicName id="4C694D205B6EA842FD8CFF37FC83FF00" authorityName="G.R.Gray" authorityYear="1840" box="[622,790,154,179]" class="Aves" family="Orthonychidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Orthonychidae</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B6EA842FCFEFF36FC18FF00" box="[796,909,154,179]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">sensu lato</emphasis>
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) for much of the later 20
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<superScript id="7C1C9BEB5B6EA842FB41FF3AFB3AFF16" attach="left" box="[1187,1199,151,165]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">th</superScript>
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century (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B525B6EA842FAF5FF37FA02FF00" author="Mayr, E." box="[1303,1431,154,179]" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" refId="ref18185" refString="Mayr, E. (1941) List of New Guinea Birds. American Museum of Natural History, New York, 260 pp." type="book" year="1941">Mayr 1941</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B525B6EA842FF75FF13FEAEFF64" author="Deignan, H. G." box="[151,315,190,215]" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" pagination="228 - 240" refId="ref16504" refString="Deignan, H. G. (1964) Family Orthonychidae. In: Mayr, E & Paynter, R. A. Jr. (Eds.), Check-list of Birds of the World, A Continuation of the Work of James L. Peters. Vol. 10. Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, pp. 228 - 240." type="book chapter" year="1964">Deignan 1964</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B525B6EA842FEABFF13FDDFFF64" author="Rand, A. & Gilliard, E. T." box="[329,586,190,215]" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" refId="ref18830" refString="Rand, A. L & Gilliard, E. T. (1967) Handbook of New Guinea Birds. Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London, 611 pp." type="book" year="1967">Rand & Gilliard 1967</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B525B6EA842FDBAFF13FC95FF64" author="Wolters, H. E." box="[600,768,190,215]" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" pagination="321 - 400" refId="ref20161" refString="Wolters, H. E. (1980 a) Die Vogelarten der Erde. Eine systematische Liste mit Verbreitungsangaben sowie deutschen und englischen Namen. Lief. 5. Paul Parey, Hamburg & Berlin, pp. 321 - 400." type="book chapter" year="1980">Wolters 1980a</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B525B6EA842FCECFF13FB86FF64" author="Beehler, B. M. & Finch, B. W." box="[782,1043,190,215]" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" refId="ref15493" refString="Beehler, B. M. & Finch, B. W. (1985) Species-checklist of the Birds of New Guinea. Royal Australasian Ornithologists Union Monograph 1. Royal Australasian Ornithologists Union, Moonee Ponds, 127 pp." type="book" year="1985">Beehler & Finch 1985</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B525B6EA842FBC0FF13FA96FF64" author="Beehler, B. M. & Pratt, T. K. & Zimmerman, D. A." box="[1058,1283,190,215]" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" refId="ref15535" refString="Beehler, B. M., Pratt, T. K. & Zimmerman, D. A. (1986) Birds of New Guinea. Princeton University Press, Princeton, 293 pp." type="book" year="1986">
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Beehler
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<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B6EA842FB61FF6DFB22FF64" box="[1155,1207,190,215]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">et al</emphasis>
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. 1986
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</bibRefCitation>
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). DNA-DNA hybridization (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B525B6EA842FEA2FF4FFDCAFF48" author="Sibley, C. G. & Ahlquist, J. E." box="[320,607,226,251]" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" pagination="66 - 68" refId="ref19778" refString="Sibley, C. G. & Ahlquist, J. E. (1987) The Lesser Melampitta is a bird of paradise. Emu, 87, 66 - 68. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1071 / mu 9870066" type="journal article" year="1987">Sibley & Ahlquist 1987</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B525B6EA842FD92FF4FFC16FF48" author="Sibley, C. E. & Monroe, B. L. Jr." box="[624,899,226,251]" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" refId="ref19862" refString="Sibley, C. E. & Monroe, B. L. Jr. (1990) Distribution and Taxonomy of Birds of the World. Yale University Press, New Haven, 1111 pp." type="book" year="1990">Sibley & Monroe 1990</bibRefCitation>
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) then placed it sister to the birds-of-paradise (
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<taxonomicName id="4C694D205B6EA842FF7CFEABFEABFEAC" box="[158,318,262,287]" class="Aves" family="Paradisaeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Paradisaeidae</taxonomicName>
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), to which
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B525B6EA842FE29FEABFD00FEAC" author="Dickinson, E. C." box="[459,661,262,287]" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" refId="ref16665" refString="Dickinson, E. C. (Ed.) (2003) The Howard and Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World. 3 rd Edition. Christopher Helm, London, 1039 pp." type="book" year="2003">Dickinson (2003)</bibRefCitation>
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responded by treating it as
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<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B6EA842FC0EFEA5FB18FEAC" box="[1004,1165,262,287]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">incertae sedis</emphasis>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B525B6EA842FB2CFEABFAE6FEAC" author="Boles, W. E." box="[1230,1395,262,287]" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" pagination="348 - 373" refId="ref15860" refString="Boles, W. E. (2007 b) Family Eupetidae (jewel-babblers and allies). In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A. & Christie, D. (Eds.), Handbook of the Birds of the World. Vol. 12. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, pp. 348 - 373." type="book chapter" year="2007">Boles (2007b)</bibRefCitation>
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by returning it to the Australo-Papuan quail-thrushes and whipbirds. Subsequent multi-locus DNA sequence studies (Jønsson & Fjeldså 2006;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B525B6EA842FE2CFEE3FD24FED4" author="Irestedt, M. & Fuchs, J. & Jonsson, K. A. & Ohlson, J. I. & Pasquet, E. & Ericson, P. G. P." box="[462,689,334,359]" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" pagination="1218 - 1222" refId="ref17434" refString="Irestedt, M., Fuchs, J., Jonsson, K. A., Ohlson, J. I., Pasquet, E. & Ericson, P. G. P. (2008) The systematic affinity of the enigmatic Lamprolia victoriae (Aves: Passeriformes) - an example of avian dispersal between New Guinea and Fiji over Miocene intermittent land bridges. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 48, 1218 - 1222. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2008.05.038" type="journal article" year="2008">
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Irestedt
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<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B6EA842FDCCFEFDFDFEFED4" box="[558,619,334,359]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">et al.</emphasis>
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2008
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</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B525B6EA842FD20FEE2FC3FFED4" author="Jonsson, K. A. & Fabre, P. - H. & Ricklefs, R. E. & Fjelds a, J." box="[706,938,334,359]" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" pagination="2328 - 2333" refId="ref17856" refString="Jonsson, K. A., Fabre, P. - H., Ricklefs, R. E. & Fjelds a, J. (2011) Major global radiation of corvoid birds originated in the proto- Papuan archipelago. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 108, 2328 - 2333. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1073 / pnas. 1018956108" type="journal article" year="2011">
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Jønsson
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<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B6EA842FCC4FEFDFCC9FED4" box="[806,860,334,359]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">et al</emphasis>
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. 2011
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</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B525B6EA842FC5BFEE3FB57FED4" author="Aggerbeck, M. & Fjelds a, J. & Christidis, L. & Fabre, P. - H. & Jonsson, K. A." box="[953,1218,334,359]" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" pagination="272 - 285" refId="ref15184" refString="Aggerbeck, M., Fjelds a, J., Christidis, L., Fabre, P. - H. & Jonsson, K. A. (2014) Resolving deep lineage divergences in core corvoid passerine birds supports a proto-Papuan island origin. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 70, 272 - 285. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2013.09.027" type="journal article" year="2014">
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Aggerbeck
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<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B6EA842FBA2FEFDFBE0FED4" box="[1088,1141,334,359]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">et al</emphasis>
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. 2014
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</bibRefCitation>
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) have consistently recovered
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<taxonomicName id="4C694D205B6EA842FEEEFEDFFE18FE38" authorityName="Schlegel" authorityYear="1871" box="[268,397,370,395]" class="Aves" family="Corcoracidae" genus="Melampitta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B6EA842FEEEFEDFFE18FE38" box="[268,397,370,395]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">Melampitta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sister to members of a cluster of families that include not only the birds-of-paradise, but also Afro-Asian drongos (
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<taxonomicName id="4C694D205B6EA842FE67FE3BFD96FE1C" authorityName="Vigors" authorityYear="1825" box="[389,515,406,431]" class="Aves" family="Dicruridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Dicruridae</taxonomicName>
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), Australasian fantails and monarchs (
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<taxonomicName id="4C694D205B6EA842FC4EFE3BFBD6FE1C" authorityName="Sundevall" authorityYear="1872" box="[940,1091,406,431]" class="Aves" family="Rhipiduridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Rhipiduridae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C694D205B6EA842FBACFE3BFB72FE1C" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1854" box="[1102,1255,406,431]" class="Aves" family="Monarchidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Monarchidae</taxonomicName>
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), and Australian mudnesters (
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<taxonomicName id="4C694D205B6EA842FECAFE17FE50FE60" box="[296,453,442,467]" class="Aves" family="Corcoracidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Corcoracidae</taxonomicName>
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). Relationships to the birds-of-paradise and Australian mudnesters have the strongest support (Jønsson
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<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B6EA842FEBFFE4DFE1AFE44" box="[349,399,478,503]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">et al</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B6EA842FE7FFE73FE2AFE44" box="[413,447,478,503]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">l.c.</emphasis>
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: 1 mtDNA region and 4 nuclear loci, 72 corvoid taxa across all families; Aggerbeck
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<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B6EA842FA6AFE4DFF38FDA8" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">et al</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B6EA842FF59FDAFFF49FDA8" box="[187,220,514,539]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">l.c.</emphasis>
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: 22 loci, 43 corvoid genera across all families).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD636A35B6EA842FF25FD8BFB38FBCC" blockId="11.[151,1436,151,1151]" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">
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Apart from the Australian mudnesters (
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<taxonomicName id="4C694D205B6EA842FD62FD8BFC8CFD8C" box="[640,793,550,575]" class="Aves" family="Corcoracidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Corcoracidae</taxonomicName>
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) and, subtly, the birds-of-paradise, the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C694D205B6EA842FB30FD8BFAC6FD8C" authorityName="Schlegel" authorityYear="1871" box="[1234,1363,550,575]" class="Aves" family="Corcoracidae" genus="Melampitta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B6EA842FB30FD8BFAC6FD8C" box="[1234,1363,550,575]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">Melampitta</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
group bears negligible similarity to any of these tree-living families in form or niche. Its two species,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C694D205B6EA842FAE9FDE7FAFDFDD0" authorityName="Schlegel. The" authorityYear="1871" box="[1291,1384,586,611]" class="Aves" family="Corcoracidae" genus="Melampitta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lugubris">
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B6EA842FAE9FDE7FAFDFDD0" box="[1291,1384,586,611]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">lugubris</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
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|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C694D205B6EA842FF75FDDDFF6CFD34" authorityName=", Diamond" authorityYear="1983" box="[151,249,624,647]" class="Aves" family="Corcoracidae" genus="Melampitta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gigantea">
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B6EA842FF75FDDDFF6CFD34" box="[151,249,624,647]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">gigantea</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, are litter-foragers of the forest floor. They have large feet and toes, very short rounded wings with uniquely recurved and emarginated primaries, and (
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C694D205B6EA842FD15FD3FFCC1FD18" authorityName="Schlegel. The" authorityYear="1871" box="[759,852,658,683]" class="Aves" family="Corcoracidae" genus="Melampitta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lugubris">
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B6EA842FD15FD3FFCC1FD18" box="[759,852,658,683]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">lugubris</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
) shortened sternum with much reduced keel―all consistent with terrestriality. Unlike the respective Australian mudnesters or birds-of-paradise, moreover, they appear to be neither communal nor polygynous (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B525B6EA842FD5DFD77FCC7FD40" author="Coates, B. J." box="[703,850,730,755]" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" refId="ref16365" refString="Coates, B. J. (1990) The Birds of Papua New Guinea. Vol. 2. Dove Publications, Alderley, Queensland, 576 pp." type="book" year="1990">Coates 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). Both species share a tuft of short plush feathering over frons and forehead that
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B6EA842FE07FD53FDB6FCA4" box="[485,547,766,791]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">could</emphasis>
|
|
be homologous to such tufts found in many genera of birds-of-paradise (
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B6EA842FA96FCADFA00FCA4" box="[1396,1429,768,791]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">e.g</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C694D205B6EA842FF75FC8EFE82FC89" authorityName="G.R.Gray" authorityYear="1859" box="[151,279,803,826]" class="Aves" family="Paradisaeidae" genus="Semioptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B6EA842FF75FC8EFE82FC89" box="[151,279,803,826]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">Semioptera</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C694D205B6EA842FEC5FC8FFE3DFC88" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[295,424,802,827]" class="Aves" family="Paradisaeidae" genus="Paradisaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B6EA842FEC5FC8FFE3DFC88" box="[295,424,802,827]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">Paradisaea</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C694D205B6EA842FE58FC8EFD9BFC89" authorityName="Vieillot" authorityYear="1816" box="[442,526,803,826]" class="Aves" family="Paradisaeidae" genus="Parotia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B6EA842FE58FC8EFD9BFC89" box="[442,526,803,826]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">Parotia</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C694D205B6EA842FDFDFC8EFDEAFC89" authorityName="Vieillot" authorityYear="1816" box="[543,639,803,826]" class="Aves" family="Paradisaeidae" genus="Astrapia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B6EA842FDFDFC8EFDEAFC89" box="[543,639,803,826]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">Astrapia</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C694D205B6EA842FD73FC8EFC98FC89" authorityName="Vieillot" authorityYear="1816" box="[657,781,803,826]" class="Aves" family="Paradisaeidae" genus="Cicinnurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B6EA842FD73FC8EFC98FC89" box="[657,781,803,826]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">Cicinnurus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
). Yet, although sharing a shallowly configured temporal region with
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C694D205B6EA842FECFFCEBFE39FCEC" authorityName="Boddaert" authorityYear="1783" box="[301,428,838,863]" class="Aves" family="Paradisaeidae" genus="Manucodia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B6EA842FECFFCEBFE39FCEC" box="[301,428,838,863]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">Manucodia</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C694D205B6EA842FE21FCEBFD25FCEC" authorityName="Schlegel. The" authorityYear="1871" box="[451,688,838,863]" class="Aves" family="Corcoracidae" genus="Melampitta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lugubris">
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B6EA842FE21FCEBFD25FCEC" box="[451,688,838,863]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">Melampitta lugubris</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
has a fully perforate nasal cavity, without any of the heavy ossification found in birds-of-paradise (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B525B6EA842FDB4FCC7FD42FC30" author="Bock, W. J." box="[598,727,874,899]" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" pagination="91 - 125" refId="ref15674" refString="Bock, W. J. (1963) Relationships between the birds-of-paradise and the bower birds. Condor, 65, 91 - 125. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 1365490" type="journal article" year="1963">Bock 1963</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). It also builds a bulky, bryophyte-draped domed nest near the ground (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B525B6EA842FF16FC23FE5DFC14" author="Frith, C. B. & Frith, D. W." box="[244,456,910,935]" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" pagination="65 - 73" refId="ref17003" refString="Frith, C. B. & Frith, D. W. (1990) Nesting biology and relationships of the Lesser Melampitta Melampitta lugubris. Emu, 90, 65 - 73. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1071 / mu 9900065" type="journal article" year="1990">Frith & Frith 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
|
), unlike the coarse arboreal cups of twigs and leaves of birds-of-paradise or dish-shaped mud nests of the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C694D205B6EA842FEB7FC1FFE7BFC78" box="[341,494,946,971]" class="Aves" family="Corcoracidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Corcoracidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
. For
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C694D205B6EA842FDC7FC1EFCDBFC78" authority=", Diamond (1983)" authorityName=", Diamond" authorityYear="1983" box="[549,846,946,971]" class="Aves" family="Corcoracidae" genus="Melampitta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gigantea">
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B6EA842FDC7FC1EFD12FC79" box="[549,647,947,970]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">gigantea</emphasis>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B525B6EA842FD77FC1FFCDBFC78" author="Diamond, J. M." box="[661,846,946,971]" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" pagination="89 - 91" refId="ref16623" refString="Diamond, J. M. (1983) Melampitta gigantea: possible relation between feather structure and underground roosting habits. Condor, 85, 89 - 91. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 1367895" type="journal article" year="1983">Diamond (1983)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
nevertheless recorded the nest as a “large suspended basket of vines”; no mention was made of a dome or side-entrance. Neonatal young of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C694D205B6EA842FB9BFC75FB68FC5C" authorityName="Schlegel. The" authorityYear="1871" box="[1145,1277,982,1007]" class="Aves" family="Corcoracidae" genus="Melampitta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lugubris">
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B6EA842FB9BFC75FB68FC5C" box="[1145,1277,982,1007]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">M. lugubris</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
hatch downy, not naked as in birds-of-paradise, and are fed by direct feeding, not regurgitation (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B525B6EA842FBBAFC57FAA3FBA0" author="Frith, C. B. & Frith, D. W." box="[1112,1334,1018,1043]" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" pagination="65 - 73" refId="ref17003" refString="Frith, C. B. & Frith, D. W. (1990) Nesting biology and relationships of the Lesser Melampitta Melampitta lugubris. Emu, 90, 65 - 73. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1071 / mu 9900065" type="journal article" year="1990">Frith & Frith 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B525B6EA842FAA4FC57FEF8FB84" author="Frith, C. B. & Beehler, B. M." pageId="11" pageNumber="512" refId="ref17051" refString="Frith, C. B. & Beehler, B. M. (1998) The Birds of Paradise Paradisaeidae. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 613 pp." type="book" year="1998">Frith & Beehler 1998: 135</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, 138). Combined DNA sequence, morphological and behavioural evidence thus indicate that
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C694D205B6EA842FF75FBEFFE8DFBE8" authorityName="Schlegel" authorityYear="1871" box="[151,280,1090,1115]" class="Aves" family="Corcoracidae" genus="Melampitta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B6EA842FF75FBEFFE8DFBE8" box="[151,280,1090,1115]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">Melampitta</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, although apparently sister to the birds-of-paradise (
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C694D205B6EA842FC42FBEFFBABFBE8" box="[928,1086,1090,1115]" class="Aves" family="Paradisaeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Paradisaeidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
) and perhaps the Australian mudnesters (
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C694D205B6EA842FEC7FBCBFE55FBCC" box="[293,448,1126,1151]" class="Aves" family="Corcoracidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Corcoracidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
), is deeply divergent. Accordingly it is ranked at family level here.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |