82 lines
8.8 KiB
XML
82 lines
8.8 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.1016/j.tree.2005.08.012" ID-GBIF-Dataset="63b342d8-66ca-44fb-a650-f072fbdf6890" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3733050" approvalRequired="1" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="1" checkinTime="1585568180214" checkinUser="jeremy" docAuthor="Erickson, Gregory M." docDate="2005" docId="FE5887E47B3CA86E9DC0FF3BB102FBF2" docLanguage="en" docName="Erickson2005.pdf.imf" docOrigin="TRENDS in Ecology and Evolution 20 (12)" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Tyrannosaurus rex" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="678" masterDocId="0261FF9C7B3DA86F9D4AFF94B561FFE1" masterDocTitle="Assessing dinosaur growth patterns: a microscopic revolution" masterLastPageNumber="684" masterPageNumber="677" pageNumber="678" updateTime="1673609789982" updateUser="jeremy">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Assessing dinosaur growth patterns: a microscopic revolution</mods:title>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Erickson, Gregory M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>TRENDS in Ecology and Evolution</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2005</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2005-12-31</mods:number>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>20</mods:number>
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<mods:number>12</mods:number>
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<mods:start>677</mods:start>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1016/j.tree.2005.08.012</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">63b342d8-66ca-44fb-a650-f072fbdf6890</mods:identifier>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FE5887E47B3CA86E9DC0FF3BB102FBF2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FE5887E47B3CA86E9DC0FF3BB102FBF2" lastPageNumber="678" pageId="1" pageNumber="678">
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3733052" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3733052" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3733052/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="678" startId="1.[138,179,175,195]" subCaptionStartIDs="1.[145,206,496,514] 1.[145,204,597,615] 1.[366,425,597,615] 1.[394,454,849,867] 1.[1019,1079,1000,1018]" subCaptionStarts="Figure I & Figure I & Figure I & Figure I & Figure I" targetBox="[832,1509,227,899]" targetPageId="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[138,799,175,195]" pageId="1" pageNumber="678">Box 1. Assessing dinosaur longevity from growth-line counts</emphasis>
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Making growth curves for dinosaurs requires estimations of longevity for various individuals throughout development. To do this, osteohistologists sample bones from specimens spanning juvenile through adult developmental stages. The bones that are utilized show minimal remodeling (i.e. replacement or loss of the original bone during life because of metabolic, reproductive, biomechanical, or skeletal repair considerations [
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<bibRefCitation author="Francillon-Vieillot, H." box="[289,303,370,388]" editor="Carter, J. G." journalOrPublisher="Van Nostrand Reinhold" pageId="1" pageNumber="678" pagination="471 - 530" refId="ref5972" refString="9 Francillon-Vieillot, H. et al. (1990) Microstructure and mineralization of vertebrate skeletal tissues. In Biomineralization: Patterns and EVolutionary Trends (Carter, J. G., ed.), pp. 471 - 530, Van Nostrand Reinhold" title="Microstructure and mineralization of vertebrate skeletal tissues" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Biomineralization: Patterns and EVolutionary Trends" year="1990">9</bibRefCitation>
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]) and therefore provide a nearly complete record of development.Traditionally, dinosaur researchers have used the femur, but other bones have been shown to be equally or more efficacious in some taxa.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="678">For example, multi-element sampling in tyrannosaurs has shown (Figure Ia) that the bones shown in blue [pubis, fibula, ribs, gastralia (i.e. belly ribs) and some post-orbital skull bones] work better than the femur in these animals [12,24]. The bones are sectioned transversely at mid-shaft using a slow-speed saw fitted with a diamond-tipped blade (Figure Ib). The sections (Figure Ic) are then affixed to glass petrographic slides and sanded/polished for viewing with polarized and/or reflected microscopy. On very large specimens for which making entire cross-sectional slides is difficult,researchers polish the cut faces of the bones to reveal ‘polished lines’ that reflect hardness differences between individual growth lines [20,23,31].</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="678">
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Alternatively, Sanders has developed a method whereby a diamond-tipped drill coring-bit is used to extract a cylinder of bone from which polished-line preparations or petrographic slides can be made [
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<bibRefCitation author="Sander, P. M." box="[205,231,824,842]" journalOrPublisher="Paleobiol." pageId="1" pageNumber="678" pagination="466 - 488" part="26" refId="ref6489" refString="23 Sander, P. M. (2000) Longbone histology of the Tendaguru sauropods: implications for growth and histology. Paleobiol. 26, 466 - 488" title="Longbone histology of the Tendaguru sauropods: implications for growth and histology" type="journal article" year="2000">23</bibRefCitation>
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]. Aging is conducted by making total growth line counts within elements [
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<bibRefCitation author="Castanet, J." box="[298,324,849,867]" journalOrPublisher="Gerontol." pageId="1" pageNumber="678" pagination="174 - 192" part="40" refId="ref6690" refString="28 Castanet, J. (1994) Age estimation and longevity in reptiles. Gerontol. 40, 174 - 192" title="Age estimation and longevity in reptiles" type="journal article" year="1994">28</bibRefCitation>
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]. Here (Figure Ic), a thin-sectioned, dorsal rib from
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection box="[138,315,874,892]" pageId="1" pageNumber="678" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph box="[138,315,874,892]" pageId="1" pageNumber="678">
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<taxonomicName authority="Osborn, 1905" box="[138,315,874,892]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="1" pageNumber="678" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">
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<emphasis box="[138,315,874,892]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="678">TYrannosaurus rex</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="678">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="678">
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(
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<materialsCitation collectionCode="FMNH" pageId="1" pageNumber="678" specimenCode="PR 2081">Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, FMNH PR 2081</materialsCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="678">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="678">
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shows growth lines (arrows) that were counted to age this specimen. Each line represents a period of slowed and/or potential stoppage in tissue deposition [
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<bibRefCitation author="Francillon-Vieillot, H." box="[445,459,950,968]" editor="Carter, J. G." journalOrPublisher="Van Nostrand Reinhold" pageId="1" pageNumber="678" pagination="471 - 530" refId="ref5972" refString="9 Francillon-Vieillot, H. et al. (1990) Microstructure and mineralization of vertebrate skeletal tissues. In Biomineralization: Patterns and EVolutionary Trends (Carter, J. G., ed.), pp. 471 - 530, Van Nostrand Reinhold" title="Microstructure and mineralization of vertebrate skeletal tissues" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Biomineralization: Patterns and EVolutionary Trends" year="1990">9</bibRefCitation>
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]. The highly vascularized regions between the rings are known as zones and represent periods of active growth [8,9]. The inset box denotes a region late in development composed of tightly stacked growth rings known as an external fundamental system that indicates when growth slowed precipitously 22,27]. At this point in development, somatic maturity and full-adult size was reached. (Figure I redrawn and reproduced with permission from [
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<bibRefCitation author="Erickson, G. M." box="[896,921,1025,1043]" journalOrPublisher="Nature" pageId="1" pageNumber="678" pagination="772 - 775" part="430" refId="ref6071" refString="12 Erickson, G. M. et al. (2004) Gigantism and comparative life-history parameters of tyrannosaurid dinosaurs. Nature 430, 772 - 775" title="Gigantism and comparative life-history parameters of tyrannosaurid dinosaurs" type="journal article" year="2004">12</bibRefCitation>
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]. Scale bar=10 mm.)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</caption>
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</treatment>
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</document> |