484 lines
48 KiB
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484 lines
48 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.24.4375" ID-PMC="PMC3689132" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-24-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="563EFFD7FFA3FFC47235FFE0B16B4658" ID-PubMed="23794938" ID-Zenodo-Dep="576237" ModsDocID="1314-2003-24-1" checkinTime="1451251869906" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Lange, P. J. de, Heenan, P. B., Houliston, G. J., Rolfe, J. R. & Mitchell, A. D." docDate="2013" docId="72EB8F9DDC8D428735A856D19BDB01DB" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 24: 1-147" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 24" docPubDate="2013-06-17" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.24.4375" docTitle="Lepidium rekohuense Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell 2013, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="563EFFD7FFA3FFC47235FFE0B16B4658" lastPageNumber="103" masterDocId="563EFFD7FFA3FFC47235FFE0B16B4658" masterDocTitle="New Lepidium (Brassicaceae) from New Zealand" masterLastPageNumber="147" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="98" updateTime="1668140848368" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>New Lepidium (Brassicaceae) from New Zealand</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lange, P. J. de</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Science & Capability Group, Terrestrial Ecosystems, Department of Conservation, Private Bag 68908 Newton, Auckland 1145, New Zealand</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Heenan, P. B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Allan Herbarium, Landcare Research, P. O. 69, Lincoln 7640, Canterbury, New Zealand</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Houliston, G. J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Ecological Genetics Group, Landcare Research, P. O. 69, Lincoln 7640, Canterbury, New Zealand</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Rolfe, J. R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Science & Capability Group, Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Office, Department of Conservation, P. O. Box 10420, Wellington 6143, New Zealand</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Mitchell, A. D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Otago School of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, PO Box 4345, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2013-06-17</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>24</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>147</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.24.4375</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.24.4375</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-24-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">563EFFD7FFA3FFC47235FFE0B16B4658</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576237</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152024657" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:72EB8F9DDC8D428735A856D19BDB01DB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/72EB8F9DDC8D428735A856D19BDB01DB" lastPageId="103" lastPageNumber="103" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
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<subSubSection pageId="97" pageNumber="98" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
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<taxonomicName LSID="72EB8F9D-DC8D-4287-35A8-56D19BDB01DB" authority="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell, 2013" authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lepidium rekohuense" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rekohuense" status="sp. nov.">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="97" pageNumber="98" start="start">Lepidium</pageBreakToken>
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rekohuense
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="97" pageNumber="98">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="97" pageNumber="98" type="latin">
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<paragraph pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">A L. oleraceo habitu renascenti, habenti periodo distincto rosulato, ramis sparse papillato-pilosis, floribus 2-staminatis, pedicellis minute pilosis, siliculis orbiculatis, minute alatis et emarginatis et serie DNA differt. A speciebus Lepidii ceteris Insularum Chathamicarum (L. panniformo et L. oligodonto) caulibus minute papillato-pilosis, floribus semper 2-staminatis, foliis serratis et siliculis orbiculatis (raro obovatis) differt. A L. panniformo praeterea habitu decumbenti et serie DNA recedit</emphasis>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="98" lastPageNumber="99" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" type="holotype.">
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<paragraph pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Holotype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
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Chatham Islands (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 86" captionStartId="F86" captionText="Figure 86. Holotype of Lepidium rekohuense de Lange et Heenan (sheet A)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10824" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Figs 86</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 88" captionStartId="F88" captionText="Figure 88. Holotype of Lepidium rekohuense de Lange et Heenan (sheet C)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10826" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">-88</figureCitation>
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):
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</emphasis>
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Chatham (Rekohu) Island, Kaiangaroa, Kaiangaroa Point, 11 January 2006, P. J. de Lange CH405, J. W. D. Sawyer & A. Baird, Collection over three sheets comprising four pieces (one sterile) taken from the same plant. (AK 295129-AK 295131! Isotypes: BM!, CANB!, CHR!
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</paragraph>
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<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10824" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" start="Figure 86" startId="F86">
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<paragraph pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Figure 86.</emphasis>
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Holotype of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rekohuense">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Lepidium rekohuense</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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de Lange et Heenan (sheet
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">A</emphasis>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10825" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" start="Figure 87" startId="F87">
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<paragraph pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Figure 87.</emphasis>
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Holotype of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rekohuense">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Lepidium rekohuense</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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de Lange et Heenan (sheet
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">B</emphasis>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10826" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" start="Figure 88" startId="F88">
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<paragraph pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Figure 88.</emphasis>
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Holotype of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rekohuense">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Lepidium rekohuense</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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de Lange et Heenan (sheet
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">C</emphasis>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Etymology.</emphasis>
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The epithet '
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">rekohuense</emphasis>
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' is derived from
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<normalizedToken originalValue="‘Rekohu’">'Rekohu'</normalizedToken>
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, the Moriori name for Chatham Island which is said to mean 'land of misty
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<normalizedToken originalValue="skies’">skies'</normalizedToken>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="King, M" journalOrPublisher="New Zealand Journal of Botany" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" refId="B56" refString="King, M, 1989. Moriori: a people rediscovered. Viking, Auckland." title="Moriori: a people rediscovered. Viking, Auckland" year="1989">King 1989</bibRefCitation>
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). This name was chosen to reflect the endemic status of this species on the Chatham Islands group.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="98" lastPageNumber="99" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
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Description (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 89" captionStartId="F89" captionText="Figure 89. Wild plant of Lepidium rekohuense showing decumbent branches and inflorescences, plant growing amongst Chatham Schist boulders at Kaiangaroa, Rekohu (boulders are 1 - 2 m diameter)" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10827" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Figs 89</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 92" captionStartId="F92" captionText="Figure 92. Mature silicle of Lepidium rekohuense from holotype (AK 297694). Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10830" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">-92</figureCitation>
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):
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</emphasis>
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Tap-rooted, pungent-smelling, decumbent, summer-green, perennial herb forming densely leafy masses up to 2 m diam., and arising from stout, semi-circular, dark reddish-grey (when exposed) rootstock 100-500 mm diam. Tap root woody, up to 1.5 m long, deeply descending. Plants dying down to rootstock and/or previous seasons stem nodes, over winter or in times of adversity. Stems decumbent, widely spreading, up to 2 m long and 30 mm diam., woody,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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spherical in cross-section, prominently ridged and/or grooved (especially when dry), dark reddish-green to dark green, usually scarred throughout with numerous old leaf bases; stems heavily branched in upper ⅔, branches and branchlets numerous, prostrate, widely spreading, very leafy; basal portion of stems,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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glabrous, otherwise finely and sparsely papillate-hairy, especially along leaf decurrencies, and within stem grooves, hairs very short 0.01-0.3 mm long, white, glandular-pustulate, rather sticky when fresh. Leaves glabrous, firmly fleshy to succulent, dark green to green, at senescence turning yellow. Rosette leaves persistent at fruiting; petioles distinct up to 50
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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3 mm, slightly concave in cross-section, fleshy; lamina narrowly spathulate to spathulate-oblong, up to 30.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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13.3 mm, margins usually denticulate, crenulate, if denticulate then with 10-18(-26) pairs of blunt teeth running to and including apex, base broadly attentuate. Middle stems leaves persistent at fruiting; petiole distinct up to 15
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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2 mm, mostly flat in cross-section, sometimes slightly concave, fleshy; lamina elliptic, narrowly elliptic to oblong, 18.86-26.18(-35.00)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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9.64-16.20 (-18.00) mm; margins sharply and regularly serrate-dentate with 10-16(-22) pairs of teeth running to and including the apex, lamina base broadly cuneate to cuneate. Upper stem leaves with or without a distinct petiole, petiole if present 2.14-5.60 mm, flat; lamina 9.46-10.58 (-17.00)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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2.03-3.48(-6.14) mm, narrowly oblanceolate, oblanceolate to obdeltoid, apex often tridentate, base cuneate to narrowly cuneate; lamina margins deeply dentate, incised, or otherwise entire except for the upper ⅓ which is prominently toothed; teeth if present in 2-6 pairs running to and including the apex. Racemes (10-)26(-60) mm long, elongat
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<pageBreakToken pageId="98" pageNumber="99" start="start">ing</pageBreakToken>
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up to 90 mm at fruiting, terminal and axillary; rachis and pedicels finely and sparsely covered in retrorse to patent, very short, 0.05-0.8 mm long,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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clavate, eglandular-glandular, hairs; pedicels, erecto-patent to patent,1.04-1.27(-2.38) mm, 2.34-5.00(-6.02) mm long at fruiting. Flower buds dark green, apex bearing a conspicuous, caducous, crest of white, eglandular, antrorse hairs up to 0.9 mm long. Flowers sweetly fragrant, 1.4-1.8(-2.0) mm diam. Sepals, broadly ovate to oval, c.0.6-1.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.6-1.2 mm, apex broadly obtuse, centrally green with a white margin, deeply concave, adaxially weakly keeled, adaxial midrib invested in conspicuous, caducous, white, eglandular, antrorse, hispid hairs, hairs sometimes scattered across rest of adaxial surface; abaxial surface glabrous. Petals white, 0.3-0.8(-1.0)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.2-0.8 mm, erecto-patent or patent, clawed; limb broadly obovate, apex obtuse, retuse or distinctly emarginate. Stamens 2, equal. Anthers c.0.16 mm long. Pollen bright yellow. Nectaries 4, subulate, 0.40 mm long. Silicles cartilaginous when fresh, coriaceous when dry, orbicular to obovate, (2.8)-3.3(-4.1)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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(2.2-)3.3-3.4 (-4.0), narrowly winged, apex shallowly, minutely, notched, base cordate, valves dark green to green maturing straw-yellow, glabrous; style 0.8 (-1.0) mm long, free from the narrow wing, equal to or slightly exceeding the notch; stigma 0.2-0.4 mm diam. Seeds 2, 1.20-1.38
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.80-1.10 mm, ovoid to suborbicular, red-brown, dark red-brown or brownish black, not winged. FL. Nov-Feb. FR. Jan-Apr.
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</paragraph>
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<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10827" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" start="Figure 89" startId="F89">
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<paragraph pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Figure 89.</emphasis>
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Wild plant of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rekohuense">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Lepidium rekohuense</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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showing decumbent branches and inflorescences, plant growing amongst Chatham Schist boulders at Kaiangaroa, Rekohu (boulders are 1-2 m diameter)
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10828" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" start="Figure 90" startId="F90">
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<paragraph pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Figure 90.</emphasis>
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Decumbent vegetative stems of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rekohuense">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Lepidium rekohuense</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10829" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" start="Figure 91" startId="F91">
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<paragraph pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Figure 91.</emphasis>
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(From leaf to right) rosette-, basal- and mid-stem leaves of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rekohuense">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Lepidium rekohuense</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Scale bar = 20 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10830" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" start="Figure 92" startId="F92">
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<paragraph pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Figure 92.</emphasis>
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Mature silicle of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rekohuense">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Lepidium rekohuense</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from holotype (AK 297694). Scale bar = 1 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="100" lastPageNumber="101" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" type="representative specimens">
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<paragraph pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="99" pageNumber="100" start="start">Representative</pageBreakToken>
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Specimens.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="100" lastPageNumber="101" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Chatham Islands:</emphasis>
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n.l., n.d., [H. H.] Travers 105, (MEL 301452); Rekohu, Kaingaroa Point, 3 March 1985, D. R. Given 14017, (AK 225198, CHR 417647); Rekohu, Kaingaroa Point, 21 February 1996, P. J. de Lange
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<pageBreakToken pageId="100" pageNumber="101" start="start">CH</pageBreakToken>
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80 & G. M. Crowcroft, AK 230459; Rekohu, Kaingaroa Point, 15 July 2002, P. J. de Lange CH332 & A. Baird, (AK 259130); Rekohu, Kaiangaroa, Kaiangaroa Point, 13 December 2005, A. Baird s.n., (AK 295132); Rekohu, Wharekauri Farm Station, Cape Young, 13 January 2006, P. J. de Lange CH424 & J. W. D. Sawyer, (AK 295153); Rekohu, Waitangi Village, near Council Buildings (naturalised), 19 September 2007, P. J. de Lange CH975 & P. B. Heenan, (AK 300991); Rabbit Island, 14 February 2006, P. J. de Lange CH676 & P. B. Heenan, (AK 296754). Forty Fours (Motuhara) 27 January 2005, R. M. Bellingham s.n., (AK 290290).
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Cultivated (New Zealand):</emphasis>
|
||
Lincoln, ex Kaiangaroa, Landcare Research experimental nursery, December 2008, P. B. Heenan s.n., (CHR 609795).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="100" pageNumber="101" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Distribution</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 63" captionStartId="F63" captionText="Figure 63. Distribution of Lepidium oblitum, Lepidium oligodontum, Lepidium panniforme and Lepidium rekohuense." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10801" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Fig. 63</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Endemic. Chatham Islands where it is known only from Rekohu and Rabbit Island, and the Forty Fours (Motuhara).
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rekohuense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Lepidium rekohuense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has also been collected once as a casual in a car park in the main settlement of Waitangi. This occurrence of a single plant along with that of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="panniforme">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Lepidium panniforme</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
collected in the same site probably accords with the use of nearby accommodation by PdL and PBH in 2006, during which time fruiting herbarium specimens of both species were processed in that general area.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="101" lastPageNumber="102" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" type="recognition">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Recognition.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="101" lastPageNumber="102" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
|
||
Healthy specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rekohuense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Lepidium rekohuense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can form patches up to 2 m in diameter, which is the largest of the New Zealand endemic
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Lepidium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 89" captionStartId="F89" captionText="Figure 89. Wild plant of Lepidium rekohuense showing decumbent branches and inflorescences, plant growing amongst Chatham Schist boulders at Kaiangaroa, Rekohu (boulders are 1 - 2 m diameter)" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10827" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Fig. 89</figureCitation>
|
||
). Within the
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="G. Forst. ex Sparrm., Nova Acta Soc. Sc. Upsal. iii, 193" authorityYear="1780" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oleraceum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Lepidium oleraceum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rekohuense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Lepidium rekohuense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is morphologically most similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oblitum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Lepidium oblitum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oligodontum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Lepidium oligodontum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. From these species by is easily separated by the flowers which consistently have two rather than 2-4 (
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oblitum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Lepidium oblitum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) or 2-4-6 (
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oligodontum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Lepidium oligodontum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) stamens, by its much larger overall stature (up to 2 m diam.), by the sparsely papillate-
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="101" pageNumber="102" start="start">hairy</pageBreakToken>
|
||
upper branch stems, and by the presence of retrorse to patent, very short,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
clavate, eglandular-glandular hairs on the inflorescence rachis and pedicels. The silicles of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rekohuense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Lepidium rekohuense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are orbicular (rarely obovate) and consistently, though minutely, notched (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 92" captionStartId="F92" captionText="Figure 92. Mature silicle of Lepidium rekohuense from holotype (AK 297694). Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10830" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Fig. 92</figureCitation>
|
||
), while those of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oligodontum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Lepidium oligodontum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, orbicular to suborbicular and not or scarcely notched.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="102" lastPageNumber="103" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" type="ecology.">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Ecology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rekohuense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Lepidium rekohuense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is currently known from salt-marsh and meadow at Kaiangaroa, from steep, eroded basaltic tuff erosion gullies and cliff faces at Cape Young and on Rabbit Island, and from the crevices and ledges of greywacke rock outcrops of the Forty Fours (Motuhara). At Kaiangaroa,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rekohuense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Lepidium rekohuense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a seasonally conspicuous member of the salt marsh and meadow vegetation that has developed behind the cobble beach and shallow shelving schist shore platform in and around Kaiangaroa Point. Here, plants grow in a variety of situations ranging from fully exposed and eroded habitats to low windswept thickets dominated by
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cockayne & Allan" authorityYear="1927" class="Aves" family="Primobucconidae" genus="Hebe" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coraciiformes" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chathamica">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Hebe chathamica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cockayne & Allan" authorityYear="1927" class="Aves" family="Primobucconidae" genus="Hebe" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coraciiformes" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chathamica">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Hebe chathamica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cockayne & Allan" authorityYear="1927" class="Aves" family="Primobucconidae" genus="Hebe" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coraciiformes" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dieffenbachii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Hebe dieffenbachii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
hybrids. In the salt marsh plants are usually found growing within dense
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chenopodiaceae" genus="Sarcocornia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="quinqueflora">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Sarcocornia quinqueflora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Bunge ex Unq.-Sternb.) A.J.Scott. subsp.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">quinqueflora</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pers" authorityYear="1805" baseAuthorityName="J. R. & G. Forst." class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Primulaceae" genus="Samolus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Primulales" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="repens">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Samolus repens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">repens</emphasis>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cav" authorityYear="1799" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Goodeniaceae" genus="Selliera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asterales" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="radicans">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Selliera radicans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Cav. turf. In this habitat, plants are often lost during storm surges or during the winter months, and it would seem, from the presence of seedlings and young plants along drainage channels and in and around eroded sections of salt marsh, that these storm events are necessary to exhume and disperse buried seed. At the back of the salt marsh, where the salt meadows are dominated by taller plants such as
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Apodasmia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Apodasmia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
aff.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">similis</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Ficinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Poales" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nodosa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Ficinia nodosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Rottb.) Goetgh. Muasya et D.A.Simpson, and occasional
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Boraginaceae" genus="Myosotidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Boraginales" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hortensium">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Myosotidium hortensium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rekohuense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Lepidium rekohuense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
plants are also present, and here they often grow intermixed with
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Apiaceae" genus="Apium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Umbelliflorae" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="prostratum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Apium prostratum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
subsp.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">denticulatum</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Goodeniaceae" genus="Selliera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asterales" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Selliera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Primulaceae" genus="Samolus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Primulales" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Samolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Eudicots" family="Asteraceae" genus="Leptinella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asterales" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="potentillina">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Leptinella potentillina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Higher up, where thickets of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cockayne & Allan" authorityYear="1927" class="Aves" family="Primobucconidae" genus="Hebe" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coraciiformes" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chathamica">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Hebe chathamica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and hybrids form the dominant cover,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rekohuense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Lepidium rekohuense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is less common, in part because they are often easily missed as they grow with
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Apiaceae" genus="Apium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Umbelliflorae" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="prostratum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Apium prostratum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
subsp.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">denticulatum</emphasis>
|
||
threaded through
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cockayne & Allan" authorityYear="1927" class="Aves" family="Primobucconidae" genus="Hebe" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coraciiformes" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chathamica">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Hebe chathamica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rekohuense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Lepidium rekohuense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is also occasionally found growing on and around the small schist rock stacks around Kaiangaroa Point.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="102" pageNumber="103" start="start">At</pageBreakToken>
|
||
Kaiangaroa the highly exposed and dynamic habitat means that many
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rekohuense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Lepidium rekohuense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
plants, especially the younger plants are often lost through coastal erosion and from storm surges. However, in favourable sites, plants are remarkably resilient and long-lived once established. For example, mature plants first observed in 1996 are still present at the time of writing (2012) 16 years later, making this species easily the longest lived member of the
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="G. Forst. ex Sparrm., Nova Acta Soc. Sc. Upsal. iii, 193" authorityYear="1780" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oleraceum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Lepidium oleraceum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex in New Zealand. The key to this species success at Kaiangaroa seems to be its remarkable tap root, which, once established, firmly anchors the plant into the substrate such that coastal erosion often leaves mature plants exposed, festooned in driftwood and kelp, while the surrounding salt-marsh turf has been destroyed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
|
||
The habitat occupied at Cape Young and on Rabbit Island is markedly different. Here the species grows at the apex of steeply descending, erosion gullies that have developed within the easily eroded basaltic tuff. In these sites it is often the only plant present though, in a few places on Cape Young, it grows with
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirk, Trans. et Proc. New Zealand Inst. 14, 380" authorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flexicaule">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Lepidium flexicaule</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with which it occasionally hybridises. On Rabbit Island, large plants grew at the head of an erosion gully under a sparse canopy of the introduced tree mallow (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Malvaceae" genus="Malva" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Malvales" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="arborea">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Malva arborea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Little is known about its habitats on the remote Forty Fours (Motuhara). From the limited information available (P. N. Johnson pers. comm.) it seems that the species is very uncommon there, and that it grows mainly within crevices and on ledges on the cliff faces of those rock stacks.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="103" lastPageNumber="104" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" type="conservation status">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Conservation status.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="103" lastPageNumber="104" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
|
||
The most recent census data that we have (July 2007) recorded 114 adult plants of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rekohuense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Lepidium rekohuense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from just three accessible sites; two on Rekohu (Kaiangaroa and Cape Young) and one on Rabbit Island. The status is uncertain of the species on the Forty Fours, privately owned land from which the Department of Conservation has not been granted visiting rights. Nevertheless, observations made in 2005 by a private landing party of geologists, entomologists and ornithologists suggest that there are probably fewer than 10 plants on the larger of the two main islets making up the Forty Fours. Using the New Zealand Threat Classification System (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Townsend, AJ" journalOrPublisher="Bioinformatics" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" refId="B86" refString="Townsend, AJ, de Lange, PJ, Norton, DA, Molloy, J, Miskelly, C, Duffy, C, 2008. The New Zealand Threat Classification System manual. Department of Conservation: Wellington. http://www.doc.govt.nz/publications/conservation/nz-threat-classification-system/nz-threat-classification-system-manual-2008/." title="The New Zealand Threat Classification System manual. Department of Conservation: Wellington. http: // www. doc. govt. nz / publications / conservation / nz-threat-classification-system / nz-threat-classification-system-manual- 2008 /" year="2008">Townsend et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rekohuense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Lepidium rekohuense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is rated "Threatened/Nationally Critical" using criterion A(1) because there are <250 adult plants known from the wild. To this threat rating we recommend appending the qualifiers
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘CD’">'CD'</normalizedToken>
|
||
(Conservation Dependent - due to need for ongoing management of the Kaiangaroa population),
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘IE’">'IE'</normalizedToken>
|
||
(Island Endemic - because
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rekohuense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Lepidium rekohuense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is naturally confined to the Chatham archipelago). It is worth noting that, without management, the largest population of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rekohuense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Lepidium rekohuense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
known to the Department of Conservation, that at Kaiangaroa, would probably now be extinct. There, intensive management has built the population up from an apparent low of six plants in 1996 to more than 100 in January 2006. At Cape Young the sole accessible plant seen in January 2006 had disappeared by January 2007 but others observed further down the cliffs in sites inaccessible to human traffic are apparently still present (A. Baird pers. comm.). On Rabbit, eight plants were observed in February 2006 and these are assumed to be still present. Observations at Kaiangaroa suggest that, aside from the losses caused by the naturally dynamic conditions of that exposed coastal shore platform and wetland, predation from the caterpillars of the moth
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Doubleday" baseAuthorityYear="1843" class="Hexapoda" family="Geometridae" genus="Epyaxa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rosearia">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Epyaxa rosearia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="103" pageNumber="104" start="start">Doubleday</pageBreakToken>
|
||
, 1843 (identified by J. Dugdale
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">pers comm</emphasis>
|
||
.) is the main threat facing that population. Currently the
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="caterpillars’">caterpillars'</normalizedToken>
|
||
of this moth are managed by regular applications of derris dust, without which most (sometimes all) adult
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rekohuense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Lepidium rekohuense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
plants can be severely damaged, affecting especially flowering and seed set, and killing seedlings and young plants. At Cape Young,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rekohuense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Lepidium rekohuense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may be threatened by hybridisation with
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirk, Trans. et Proc. New Zealand Inst. 14, 380" authorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flexicaule">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Lepidium flexicaule</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
though this requires further study. So far only one putative and not completely convincing example of this hybrid has been observed (see
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirk, Trans. et Proc. New Zealand Inst. 14, 380" authorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flexicaule">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Lepidium flexicaule</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
above).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |